[.{g-f tltltrt;tl*nl
Name
Ap Biorogy
C h a p t e rj C u l O e OR e a d i n g
T h i sc h a p t eri s a re vi e wo f b a si cch em istr -y we will be goingthr oughthischapterver y
q u i c k l yl.f y o u h a vea n y p ro b l e ms- pleasesee m e befor eschoolfor additional
help .
1 . C o n tra stth e te rme l e me n w
t ithcompound.
rlet*lent-canrrot
r Subs\anteS.'"Jthf rrtiraI req.cton-r
k hot<rnJouln.ts ot{^€
dcffesJn+s.etstqnte5Aw.brnedina {"xed ia|'}o,taal& hnltendo,pn
^ CCnp6q{nl- T"" or rno(q.
2 . L a b elth e d i a g ra mb e l o wa n d definethe ter msthat you label.
Electscnf -fie1ttl're cv\^@&
Cb*J aGneqctil(
+
I
ch a rS e (? " c-)
{f ,
'
.t
.,'Nudeus-
='/
on*^s \--
-i
\
ftadno
(
)
{al
{l; )
3 . C o n tra stth e te rmsa to mi cmassand atomicnum ber .
atornrL tt,r,rrnlc,"f-n.-rnlcer o{ potonS
o*on a\pn ( gttons t ot,tltcorrg)
4{orn,Z v'nass - *0\n\rn^a.ss
!
Wf'rrtis the differencebetweenthe termsatomicmass and atomicweight?
5. What is an isotopeand what is "special"aboutradioactiveisotopes?
di#evat+fi\ass/ue {o 6(ktun+ *ura@r oF netdricn-t
eterne-nt-r
Same
fadioac{\re
Cso'lop-nucterrs decat4Sre\eosirqSct clesad enerqg .
, _
- uteA{o dqte {oSsitsrastt"ieg os dtiaSnostz
lio\s in ,rndtclnl
howradioactive
6. Explain
tracers
areusedinscience?
Ao5eo€ OAioactiueisosfe irrjected irrlotfcHood, arr.ourtf6{
tha tq"cer ercwtdint4{
uci(l€ 13 tuut'surcd
Page 1 of 3
7 . E x pl a i nh o w th e mo ve me nof
t electr onsr elatesto the conceptof potential
en er gy
- u seth e d i a g ra mb e l o wto helpanswerthe question.
*.n"n%3
Eleatro*sha*re t"r*errt')r\
e(ecfcon
t'ro(Uf r 'asel'*u rro$rrQ
&cd.ar &'"p" nueler-tj.rsefectmn
-Grts\wct-'{o't}q
* nJretIErre(
{.s'{+s-F.t"r.ateus,
eneq,1i5
CLoS,sr
f eteosad
n-#,j,*
Fneqgislost
B. What determinesinteractions
betweenatoms?Why are valenceelectrons
-dnq
important?
rr.r^U,..of gatencee(ectruns deternines#€ reactiu\(ttre/
fectcf'orrSand-Lrldtnl
arq 14<snes fnudtreel;n cirennico."[
Ua[encee(cctons
9. Definethefollowing
terms:
a. ChemicalnonJ -4tttacfiorrsbett^recna{or* (
b. Covalent
bond- shaCrrvloF
b{'t r" atorns
a galro*rlat€nce ckc*cor.-s
c. Singlebond- 6fie pir otrs[a ced etectronS
d. Doublebond * ? palrso( shaef elec{tnS
( vn,palg) e{ecfmruS
e. Valence -Vorld,nq6a6nct*4,
efrrat to *lc nurnnbero
'
(e1,uiced
fo cJ,^pfL.{e
Uo\enreslnqre
{{.y*"*s
f. Electrbnegativity
- otttachonSr eleClorf-5
g. Nonpolarcovalentbond - e\cc*OrrsShaqe^leV{4ll,V
h. Polarcovalentbond *€.tectto,rs
shored unequatLa
vt
10. What is the differencebetweena structuraland molecularformula?
fy\o, r,r,ttac-
5L,.^rs tt< N'.rwt!/r qf,ol-\ge 6f atornS
't'[c nu"llop.c,qflearuAarfArra6
fi'avtrgf-a*or"r.f
Shourt
$Ftuc{uce\Page2 of 3
1 1 . H o wd o i o n i cb o n d sc o m p a r ew i t hc o v a l e nbt o n d s ?
{dAi-u-e€n4ati on 4\rl 4rr'o r",,,5-|ru,\Sffond
\oniC* akluatroH
bond
Co$o\ent- Slvre$ €t€tibnS,5s\
1 2 . C o m p a rea n d co n tra sth yd rogenbondsand van der W aalsinter actions.
1,o€aK
-lpealL
i.^5&roqcn
{*. ..u"t*-*dFJJ.so
erbrr
"Jtec+*ng"ru^* "{";
*o
ooJa{mc{e&
*&+"- r etac{<qneqqtiw
n€4'andpe'r' *WrrcgAre5;Au=
ruolecr'te.hns
Vor.alrir*^t'i - nonpJonrouo(err+bondaA
, h a t is an exam ple,in a livingsystem ,of how m olecul ar
1 3 . B a se do n th e re a d i h gw
shapeis critical?
t
m',rnice*k Shnps6€+e larru*[5 occctrriS\OCo.lrhernic.-,
lv.otgh,ne
e'ndocght.t,,b.tk bir'd .{o recegtoss inYhe[cnin
in termsof quantities
of reactants
and
14. Definea dynamic
chemical
equilibrium
products.
o^cl
frD terr 6hasrXa-ir. c-otcentreHonsOF reactq^ts
fFsaqcts
rut frfcesacll5
(€orlart+s cn4 psoduct-r clCc
Page3 of 3
ecya\tn (d^ceJ^tfatlo^
AP Biology
C h a p t e r3 G u i d e dR e a d i n g
1.
p i1"i,ass'${"i:'ftt:tic'r":*.
".ir#^"liFY*EJ"
#Hi1yilT :,?:fff&&''?A'
4ru-i'tlrJl
1"rr+'otty
;;yif;t;{. ""i.*{e*(ot* paa;aii5iEo'tl'r rthecth"-r"
F o r e a cho f th e b e l o wl i ste dpr oper ties
of water- br ieflydefinethe pr oper tyand
t h e n e xp l a i nh o w w a te r'sp olarnatur eand polarcovalentbondscontr ibute
to the
w a t ersp e ci apl ro p e rty.In cl udean exam plein natur eof each pr oper tyalso.
a. Cohesion*\d*3un
e'*{*r .l,+tt,r f,'.ulrwufrr
bond5 hptdu+a*9rrvuolra<lrs{c
unluct,rg{ {i'k'
transprt o( ,rate? ala-&$+-grauiqlr 61aler
uqbr
- vkter bnntc*s*o ce([uda\UOf W'%{n Y'^O:''l:'(#
b Adhesion
^id''rh'rci Lttb
uiX'ou
;"'R"
PSin
co$nvtf d;;;'J'[.,u
bren'Va}<
oT
s'+n+ctt
i+ r's*fti
c. Surface
tension- frrr.su(
'-" e tA/-,^>di#{"*l+
5altAerSso"&;-ii ".tly''/
^ ^",,lrculeron*4rs,,.rk(ean6,be^{at,o
ocil^+tnft
i,i"a
s"r5$cha'rx"
;,tffiyn*"Fn:l*X*itrff';';
'
*qf
r'C
itr +trlt1e
\
e so h&Al*is,-3;6-h,"' h lh'"'[igr Y:1*85,
^ t^ ^^r,t'"dto1al
arrs*okr
an4;11+r"Mliq
q
-q.rr.nti,uj
of vapori.arion
can e. F{eat
t^(
eli&
l:;{ra.Yd
"if^,.r*
p c-horvlpd; ifi'la'i
b&ys
lqdpgp^b,nds*,rs+Ib*
u ,u;rc
gfu
'yil1|tr,]?^r*t^lwksr
atotu
esccfe
Ainfr;c€^erss
#$J'HSSSFf
Ivaro8^bonds/'t*Sfh brvh'n | - petct-e'n^4iin*-
.t,cSHl<4.o,^
Yk t-,^.t
leq-v$t,^^
@f-( \,,L.
7la'o*f::i,U;;'; uartvl
oF
4uapo-r'ah'on
3 . W h a t i s sp e ci aal b o u tw a te rand densitv?
4.
| , ., f ro
,t
|.
f*f t^ a?r
{1,uid
5o
|
s"rf
J'.i+"no
*#,i"-l;"J;a;i;
(ansul uiv(
btt+or{so
enimals
Irw ",a\,onlsdonikeeTaqts*k
Definethefollowinq
terms:
, , ,
a. Solute-s,rbs*qlnaekt$
disolted
b. Solvent- ditsolrit, q3{nt
c. Aqueoussolution- LdEr{cris*fpsr"lurrr*
- ulaterloui15
d. HYdroPhilic
e, Hydrophobic
Urq"hrft tl$
P a g e1 o f 2
ottof {nrqct{t{'rr
r colloid-5ptlites'stflensi
g Hydration
shel * fghefe
ttf,
i:ti
a'h d''s-;oLu€rJ
o{- ,oq{erfnolrcules*t t'*lit'ri f
oA
h. Molarity*-trni{-o{-con
cen'tr-a{r
5. Labelthediagrambelowto demonstrate
thedissociation
of thewatermolecule
andthenrelatethisdiagram
to pH.
I+
n
l'
r,.l
U
,,u,i
* ,..,r|,t'
tq
l.t- O
,,:.
.:
l+
o ll
W .
h^ldmnlurnio" /-l"lrci-)
;.|.,zo
b
p
{nilruU;d(
r'^i6n-)
!
oud,lo,rrPf{==7 /!'\orrt\af ,nt w ,alrJt.'c
inrssa54
i n t o* i"Ata{es
?M
AaStC
bose$4h pH :7
increa5{inol.r f r.J,'rc{€"r
ol"t
lwoft
/hore
t
r I
6 . W h atd e fi n e sa n a ci da n d a base?
+lra+ rt|'urcs t'k +t+pl(€A*'tv:h'oA
hsc - Srloslqncc
*tvtt int ft.t1s*k Il*unterttrattoA
Acfol.* S$bs+qncc
7 . w h y a re " a p p a re n tl y"
sma l lchangesin pH so impor tantin biology?
,M4 r nii aM ot+st.$rchc$r^ f tt rncq6ar sqbstqntrat
Concerrttatoonj
B. what is acidprecipitation
andwhyis it important
to livingorganisms?
S'a
grclgitti'on"M pl'l' lo'rlcrl't\4^
\,{t intatArs
1 Soilcht,hisfr?
- dan^q.eJ
Page2 of 2
AP Biology
C h a p t e r4 G u i d e dR e a d i n g
Name
1 . W h y i s o r g a n i cc h e m i s t rsyo i m p o r t a ni n
t t h e s t u d yo f b i o l o g y ?
i. h o I / i"'t'r3 + hiilqi
rodrre oqynicrornpaerndJ
o'f-,,,1i
brsnniJr?\s^g
Of
aff eo,nnrF#ci
I
2 . W h y w a st h e U r e y - M i l l e r e x p e r i mseoni tm p o r t a n t ?
. , .t/-Il , ,
r _ , a f l t'{'*)t'nri-'
. . r , . ! - "t'!
::i
.st{ii-Ltf6i?rr"-{
o{gerni{rnslf wles md{hu ue brrfi
on-Yi^f
€or{u1Fordh
3 . W h a t i s sp e ci a a
l b o u tca rb onthat m akesit the centr alatom in the chemistryof
rire?
cnn6rrn Ll bonds
,laS$ersA{le
4. Usethediagrambelowto labelagdcontrast
thethreetypesof isomers. , I a
- 5af\g frrol8atat
k L /t
C6 Ht
g1.1-r,r.l..tca\i5onne.6
*
t
1|-L
r+fk t ,,| | t
c
| | :L
c
Il - *- u
J
l.l*AF*
,+ 1N
r,
cqfrft
_ dl4.fer in
h'nl
rr- ,tl 3,'H
a \ il:;X2r*:r'^'J*an
-c=c/
o
t*
tx
Y'
toalL
corF
lr 'c
c\tl
e/r\-*
s*-ro 1](4ttan*56'u1"furml
-[ rK' c o ( . l - r
tf Ii
Yt t - : c . ' rl
ll'
t ';
c
Nttz
Nltz
cFt3
al
Enqnt,ofne*
;|.,-ffi;xlati
i tots
- fn;r{oc
- lr*t
Page 1 of 2
At{) carbal
5 . C r e a tea ta b l eb e l o w :a fte reachfunctional
gr oup- dr awthe str uctur e,
nanr ethe
- ( doesn'thi
pr oper ties
c o mp o u n dw
, ri tea n $ e xa mpleand notethe functional
t s
l o o kl i keg re a tq u i zma te ri al?)
a . H yd ro xyl
)r
-f-{"n'*
sofr,(' '*f#...r
1la n {onvhnrlr c'i *,t,htn,/t
*sil
6r\cCIr{\ol
'
b . C a r b o n y la l d e h y d e
0
ll
tl
f\
tl
^c-l{
*rleh./e
*ilmiv',rl'i*^l'lS
qMl i,t srjfr{'.{
-6,**
1l
C arb o n ylke to n e
o
-: -
l?
tl
^(-'-',-1-
d . C a rb o xyl
o
- !-o[
("rilin sugarJ
(e*on e
I
- c-
CarboX'1l''c
o'L-rH
\
a c t6
oA
e. Amino
sl
t
-l{
./l+
- Nr ,
-l - N
o- C
H
tlt
rnin€
o
'
l'l
f. Sulfhydryl
01r.DF
l't
-5H
yhio\
c
$ - J-dFz-sl{
at;dicProPe&i€S
+
Jourlo'CtH
a&sosa baJ€
oA
t, p H*-{*'^solu*)
rr
ii
i^ str(c{sre
Slabittfrs ltolf
I
rt
Y.
Ph osp h a te
0
\l
-0 - -of
I
0-
N
l+' i
gl'o{rt<
r
?r{f t*-O'fOFl- L-C'c.
()i;'l
Page2 of 2
neg{tuq
\ /ontnb,r{reJ
CLarXC
/
Canf€qd oJi*hclroter
f{\gostnl€0erg
AP Biology
C h a p t e r5 G u i d e dR e a d i n g
Name
8fb*{*ir:r.
i
1 . L a b e lt h e d i a g r a mb e l o w- i d e n t i f ay monomerpolymer
,
,
condensation
r eacti on,
a n dh y d r o l y s i s .
i[*
3
L
\
]f
f-f
9C
*p\u4tn
U
deh,,$tn{ion
,
[{or'}en*+iicrt)
1\0
|
?-
\Lo
I
L
{'i\Sfi6 f'{1e f
t
"f
P4w+'r
5
t+
H
W"U'i
RI
a3
p\mr r
l\o
F
f
fvVaome
What are the three hexosemonosaccharides?
SlucosrT
7 *uc{oS(
3a\cctose
3 -::::':;5.'i:'
rcdctio*
a)e[1!tat;m
v\
har'der
M'.^osa/c
;!ffi;*u'o
4. Compareandcontrastthetwostoragepolysaccharides.
enP$3
- lcrrt+s,
( ^ngy,\drotgsis rtleaces4u
storcd
5;tu.cch
f
dJ. r{ursL)e
c elts,hl*Llf's relfiJe|Vhe
n - aninatgr
f*oedirrliver
a\yry
enegt
Page 1 of 5
C o m p a rea n d co n tra stth e two slr uctur al
polysacchar ides
f.;
S+c^clgr{l
* Cet{usqt{:'i
irt"
r-stl.qtq:Sd
f/aniJ
l*i
fille t noft*r*'
-ee,{
n
* u.-red.
{l; s('{ung,'
*c,L:ui # e'rngfi r-t*{orrj ) u.s(d i n 1'*Ii r'';'?
*:l..i\i 1'1
W h y a re l i p i d sg ro u p e dto g ether ?
f"- t'**\r$nn\ nilig ''a"f't[L{J'lt*\u-:a*€
7
W h a ta re th e b u i l d i n gb l o cksof fats?
qlt\rrr-ut.t,rd6rt\at{}"9
*l-
Contrastsaturatedand unsaturated
fats - how does this relateto the concept
t h a tstru ctu rea n d fu n cti o na r e linked?
--ftt\.single
hded cqrbns
Sa$,r"rrted
durblt6odelcarba45
*nra**td-one ol '!norq
aniivra\
f4ts-So*n*k/
- t'rnsa*qmVr'
{ctS
p\anr
Labelandidentify
the molecule
below.
-) . ,^
c[r H*t'rq
ckaline
tft,
"t{.i:d
.
:"'.h
,,f o- phosC".t{
,;,. -ctz
r,?
f
Sqrerul ,t
+ S
t=otto
?
5"s
TE-
&tq
'orids3
h'c
hadrooho
.l
{tr
t4,
#
-H %
ls
:{
i;
..r"",
r'V J j
'-$*ltl
.l
&.,,
Yd*
'd
- h'dtoPhilir
J ueoA
-
?"#lp
10. How wouldyou recognizea basicsteroidmolecule?
L{;nter Gnnrctedringf
Page2 of 5
h4JroPhob'r
e
t{oi
15
1 1 . L i s tt h e c i g h t t y p e s o f p r o t e i n sa n d J h e i rb . 4 s i cf u n c t i o r r .
"l'i;:'i'":'; r' -'f €ra'l-fun
af f€';e iirr' -i
€ir3-qn''iir'f"
i'
*ti'tZ{"rtfal -"'i'"tr'I
,if+ta:{€
""i^,H*l:ti,
: :j,*,,-'l,.lii::
,
.
-\-r,;rt-q;*ri"
a tli,,;f;ii-f,
.,'i?'^l.h-^ nrqon,snr
o.i -ch@r,irru(
$'lr'nrr(r'
b.oci,'eFt'J ]li',j*su cf et tt -rq
$t
f'"*i,",-ouri,tnd
I,iii,lifi;p'i:I'l*:io
.
.p,v\*c'fr*n
egains1'"
;[ ;5e*.I{
iiii'rii;;;i
1 2 . W h a ta re tffen a rn e sfo r th e m onomer sand polymer sof pr oteins?
r,xr.rin"*
rarn'J"-S
p*,14grp*tdef
1 3 L a b e lth e d i a g ra mb e l o wconceilig t!? catalytic
cycleof an enzym ef)"
t.oTill**;
*c*,v(s,'+c
t
"":
r. .r\-,
(rk^se
,-Bi[rll:,
tou|ev
r eilhil\€.
oft
t+a
(5trccaSe)
T
]t'
\r
t
y
\
kvrlosu
"'-'
//' \ - -/
nzo
':w/*
5'!'5$tate
tf
1 4 . D r awtw o a mi n oa ci d s- n o tethe am inogr oup,the car boxylgr oupand the al pha
carbon,circlethe watermoleculeto be removedand then notethe peptidebond
formedwhen the tw o a rej o i ned. .,,
5A
'l'-
IW
gnino
(H:
9-
1
ct+z
Pfrv - L-c-olt
t..--"
tl
|
|
\
lFl, l+ iu,
HrN*-"-,i*l;'-;- c-o*
|
t+
\t-""
It 't
StonP h,
otf
('tre
'bonA
( c rb oA
Page3 of 5
t
ll
ft D
1 5 . F x p l a i nt h c f o u rl e v e l so f p r o t e i ns t r t r c t u r-e
a. Primary ..-",i*rinei
6(fe,$,:1,.Xxi'*lC{
** C. \,.r.liv '#
Sh*e*
b secondary
,
fls&trr,{
bun'CS
:;i ,\[i \i';',,etb* 'L"','J**"du,t
c Tertiary* g idealrrai
rrin*€t cc1.'p[J
hjdroynboilst
l,tg$r*pf*,Uic
waakirrterorfa5
i rrteract'otJ
*n
cler
g5*.\ci\itaen\.,,"1
,v
6{dryS
Llr#:,Jis'[f;de
fc'ni,
s'rbc,n*JaErfiale
d euaternary
- pqpep*dle
A1tuila'yeir
henoStobi
,acidicor ba s i c
1 6 . H o w d o e sth e ch a ra cte ri stics
,
of an am inoacid- nonpolarpolar
relateto the issueof tertiaryandquaternary
structure?
lntenacf
Io-ff bf VFe
on anino alids
sJdechalns
yle{trrdtrf
e
1 7 . W h atd o e sd e n a tu ra ti omean
n
and why is it impor tant?
sAafle
Qnctfonal
*pr''dletrr
\oes i*s Aa{rve,
n W a'nesWry,tcot\'inadiv(
ed pr,./ci
derrafuc
I
t
' 1 8 .W h at a re ch a p e ro n i nasn d whatls theirr olein pr oteinstr uctur e?
gcotei^&drco(t'svhat osssf in prute;n6fd;,3
1 9 . W h ata re th e ro l e so f n u cl eicacids?
{or i*s oronrepl'tat'on
DNAf rourdvs
d irectlonS
'f
s t tarr|rolsrdvinYn+hes's
Ruftsgn*frri
0tr* direcrs
t ,J e
fnfl Nft - cornssDHft twssaf
Page4 of 5
2 0 t - a b etl h eb l a n kd i a o r a mb e l o w :
: . l r r r . r : rr ', '
,r rtrcGllltr;f
-']
!::a
i ;-r
ha";f,
if
t j -'S' .^ ft -"
.IL,'
,
0I
r.4
"
Tttia(
P,'wxo,{
'o'Jrf'
cl(
fiaclrcfl
)
,
\-.,,.,,,'
drorgribr>c ribos<
KNff
DNN
2 1. W h a t i s me a n tb y th e te rmthat DNA is anti- par allel?
5rt 3'
;"
o?(tcit
run
bones
bach
s'l,tsar=glwpha{e
€rornancl'o+her
dir.J+'ons
Page5 of 5
AP Biology
C h a p t e r8 G u i d e dR e a d i n g
/l
Name ha,f dhe,j;"tio
\-t
1 . C o n t r a stth e ca ta b o l i ca n d a n abolicpathways.
Ccrfchriic- biu*fLdct;,t
{ta{itcucits
ortaLot,l;cliu;161
otq;,liotn,lrn*(ecu{eS
2. Definethefollowing
terms
a Energy.- ccr pafl-y io r-Acr!{C ha,trlt:
b K i n e t iecn e r g y- . € n c g S 0 [ m o l i o r l
[anJCIth
lttouetnenf
c Heat/thermal
energy kirctit €rrp;OlTSotiaIt! d:'l'h
,*
9,1ct-taynS
or no(( CLNIej
d. Chemical
energy{ur ruIeaS(,,tt achenir,z( feac"hari
ynler*icttenerq3ar:t,[lqbl€
*
e Thermodynamics
*Iangfirfiationf tl"at' o((a 4-'1t1o,*,jq oF e rtetqcq
r)
(-rttEct$or\
o.[ rnrln*r
f. FirstLawof Thermodynamics
r: nert{ c an be t1-ons'fe;reci,.rrcitrvrr t h. e/ bctt I f cqnnuf bp r rpq(t/
o c clpsrcged
g SecondLaw of Thermodynamics
el. ytuns {o rr"ird;orrS in 6pecrJ€ *he
EneqltansQrf
entropS
o{ {tre gnlvtcs< '
h . F re eE n e rg y
u:orl'
€freq3 *{rorFcqn
*tr for\ton o{ U sgS\e.vns
fcf{orwt
$'
Contrast
exergonic
andendergonic
reactions
in termsof:freeenergy,stability,
capacity
to do work.
- rc\etse elrwtg3
€Yer3onic
e{\E\83wXttitud")absdbs{re€ eruq$
zi,.clzrc5onicn
Howdo youknowif a reaction
is spontaneous?
Page 1 of 4
5 L i s ta n d g i vea n e xa mp l eo f i lr ethtpemainkindsof cellularwor k done by ATP
-sSrrVlvsi5 a1(p'tr-1'vreft (on tv\of\brt4€f-q
C-l^rirric,r\ iuct.i{
tuthqinnz'r S ar (o.s V'ernhcrl\s1
-!raiilf{ir-i'(
\ u.-,6rilC' * fh*fin
t
'^
,'gpll,lrrrnlrtrt uc,g1c ctrn tttrci'r''n e'€ rvut v i't aeLLS
L a b e lth e d i a g ra mb e l o wa n d indicatehowcellularwor k is done by ATP.
al-'ladcn;'re
(r) (f) lD
;,.._t[V
L /.;i,.re
fTTP
l-r,,
Y
(?)
[norqcnic phosghafe
fernourd .fttrT
r€n
re?aa.()'
+
ar-) + E,terctrj
'%'.'/
TnotScnJc
PWoPtwt€
fr bk'
7 . ' D e f i n ep h o sp h o ryl a te d .
X
* ^ lw4t€Lut(
*oclJitonof ., pbyhof€
$iruP
Whatis the relationship
betweenexergonic
reactions,
ender gonic
r eactions
an d
the useandregeneration
of ATP?
9. Whatis activation
energy?
An^srrFoC onfttt
bacri e r^
fieoAeJ*hcpush yheir%ddntsp\r{c an enefts
Page2 of 4
1 0 L a b e lth e d i a g ra msb e l o wi n cluding
the changein fr ee ener gy
R', "
i'1,
i.-
r:
1"\J1n,[,11r :tct t€
:,&1:l
i:
i\
Y'w€-
k-,.f
..
:r
€(t3',,\:)
z'i\."!
l-
\J)'
i
{E*rtr:,a'ti
,,^
, ,-;.
F
{5'
i ',
&
-r"'A^..^
e-ru<-u
,
'\c-r
iDl
\\
\
l'
\
".\*l
Y
r)rqid"c+j
?to.1Wss,r(*i'e i€action
i'
Nithtttt
IlEn
€ vtl-1rvte7
".f
lrli*rtu\
i./
/
(r*n
,/'
er.afBS
l*q^'
f
{
fgac.hnts \
l
rrit,t^.
eh?^Jno
Frr u:i*h
"rt.?Srn-e-
bG
flr{uc?s
Fo"1n.*o{ rcact''oA
1 1 . Definethe following
terms:
a. Substrate*(eac\o(\.\-ar.rent3n€&Ck
on
b. Enzymesubstratecomplex-ea\.,-a_h"d"s {os..bstru.t€
c' Activesite -
Po.\ of enelffre {i^*aH.qefes fo sub<,t+trte
d' Inducedfit *ci1a^6*gi n sl^qpe o(- act\rc
51a 1ta+ u nnbtess'lLskoLe
\.' Vq\brSt
.,ju
en\re
Page3 of 4
1 2 . L a b e lth e fo l l o w i n gd i a g ra m:
\ri i n'l
3,"ts+r<,0
CIa+lvd s;+e
S"rtr:;lt'l'\P-1
stt bs\rct i'Q.
tl-ri
' - -i,'.\iYl^]'
[-c;twi)l{:f
I
****-/
.r LtN{
S,\€
1 , 1 1, / t y v i d
\
.J,\
\
\
a.rLrsqr6iql5 /.'n rfierj
l"c
frwluc*
PtoJuc\s
13. How do temperateirfndpH (specifically)affect enzyme activitye
lrv'r'e'r'lp[)'naI tet'Pem"toPj
-.rrlcrf&d€ in +€rnffca'{ttce.incr€ace-( e,lt?-,1yrprtc-*tuig5,CA?.dfFeS
14-pJc't"wsftq
\+- *"4;;t;'t*.ft
o{ a'\esp,ercitunqo\errc.lttinps
6,..p
l too !r{cX^.
- ";fric.l,r.kJ^o.1wor-lr.
g.k}5:,*;
,,r.i\r..t opdrr'a\
wo J
cchlr6pt\d<n*{utes1r"
egw.\yle5
io,.r
[$', ,
14. CohpareandcontrAst
comleti{ive
andnoncomp'etltive
inhibitors.",aayno-t o61ffi sr\<feoc*WrSb5 hocU;rug subs\tq{s {-(-tltne,t€tirr5
Corvg{i\rveirt\,6ior -ced\I,^.:.r]}1*
Qc+Mes\d,eS
feoc$cr't q
r\ancc,wrpe\1\iwcnWbi\or-rc&ces.er\EJ4^e
!:U;X
{o a*,i*
i5\^,,
,
q{ack
(q^rq*t
15what
i, urrort"'.i",."srrut?offiffi*H:ig$*,.'FfifFr);rff"i"ts\*rss
m e t a bo l i sm?
q\41 b','d,ngofreX.r[a\wolec,.te1oo APcoBsrte
grokir.Qnfitcrrcctort sl\e ;s oG{eded
en'a*r+d
- lnhb,bc hi,dtrq SRbitr?€J \+etrtocttile{o* oe'*4^e
shes
t*" S^"ff (tq| has {rnctarul ac-$'ne
_ ac\i.n\oc h^al,i .{oo cegu\at\5sit<E\qbi\c?es
1 6 . W h a t i s co o p E ra ti vi ty?
ar{"skuf<
-otts.rbsh**e-nelrc'.\<fi pdrn€scrn enfuyr,{ barcegForJdFh.cno.\
wto\Ptut\g.!
-wo(\(s coi$. €n"\fw5 V.si-hnr,tt-ro ocfns$es.rt.,ni*J
17. Howdoesfeedback
inhibition
work?
s.^:i+thdo{t q {1-ernh;b,*or1
birdanao+ t+{endprx$,otrrqle.[cdec
fl+thuco-5is
to an enfuvnettslclc+s<orf5in+4e
flM*a
Page4 of 4