GLYCOLYSIS
GLUCONEOGENESIS
GLUCOSE1
ATP
2
Pi
3
Hexokinase
Glucose 6-phosphatase
3
2
ADP
Glucose 6-phosphate
Fructose 6-phosphate
ATP
2
Pi
Phosphofructokinase
3
3
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase
2
ADP
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
2
2 ADP + 2Pi
2
2
2
2 Pi
2 ATP
2 ADP
2 ATP
4
ADP + GDP + 2 Pi
ATP + GTP
4
2
2
Phosphoenolpyruvate
CO2
GDP
4
Phosphoenolpyruvate
3
carboxykinase
2
2 ADP
GTP
3
Pyruvate kinase
4
Oxaloacetate
2 ATP
2
2
ADP
3
Pyruvate carboxylase
2
ATP
PYRUVATE
GLUCOSE
CO2
Initial reactant
Bidirectional process
PYRUVATE
End-product
Irreversible process
Glucose 6-phosphate
Metabolite
ATP production
Moving from broad to narrow on an arrow
represents a catabolic process; moving from
narrow to broad represents an anabolic process.
Thermodynamic processes
Hexokinase
ADP
Enzyme
ATP/GTP consumption
Energy-transfer nucleotides,
inorganic phosphate, and
carbon dioxide
Coupled reaction in substrate-level phosphorylation
Inorganic phosphate or carbon dioxide consumption or production
Links to Macromolecule Map:
The preceding concept map, which illustrates glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, shows several
components that relate to elements of the macromolecule concept map. These components are
marked by numerical superscripts in the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis map. Their links to the
macromolecule map are described below. In the descriptions, terms that appear in one or both concept
maps are shown in boldface.
1
2
3
4
Glucose is a hexose monosaccharide.
ATP and ADP are nucleotides. Both contain the pentose adenine.
All species depicted as ellipses in the concept map are enzymes. Enzymes are proteins that
catalyze chemical reactions.
GTP and GDP are nucleotides. Both contain the pentose guanine.