Editorial Note from Army Terminologist:
1. Text highlighted in yellow requires change due to outdated terminology and or source.
2. This version reflects:
a. “New Release” terminology changes from Doctrine Publications (ADP, ADRP, FM, ATTP, and ATP)
posted at the Official Department of the Army Publication and Forms website
(http://armypubs.army.mil/doctrine/new_releases_1.html)
b. Current ADRP 1-02 “Signature Draft” (as of 23 MAY 2012) changes.
US Army & Marine Corps Database Terms
(23 MAY 2012)
—A—
abort - To terminate a mission for any reason other than enemy action. It may occur at any point after the
beginning of the mission and prior to its conclusion. (ATTP 3-18.11)
above ground level - The actual distance of the aircraft above the ground, normally expressed in feet. Also called
AGL. (ATTP 3-18.11)
access control point – A corridor at the installation entrance through which all vehicles and pedestrians must pass
when entering or exiting the installation. (ATTP 3-39.32)
account processing code - Is the locally established data element that allows the financial manager the ability to
capture costs and track commitments, obligations, and disbursements in accounting systems. It is a tool used to
answer the question of who spent how much for what. APCs may be assigned to specific units, staff sections,
events, or functions. APCs link MDEPs and AMSCOs with the purpose of the funding. Also called APC. (FM
1-06)
accounting support – Accounting support entails the accurate and complete recording of financial transactions
within the Army Financial Management Information Systems (FMIS) and the review and reconciliation of these
financial transactions to ensure the proper expenditure of entrusted funds in support of full spectrum operations.
(FM 1-06)
acknowledge – A directive from the originator of a communication requiring the addressee(s) to advise the
originator that his communication has been received and understood. This term is normally included in the
electronic transmission of orders to ensure the receiving station or person confirms the receipt of the order.
(FM 6-02.53)
acquisition – 1. The process of acquiring supplies, services and construction in support of the joint force.
(ATTP 4-10) 2. Obtaining of information in any manner, including direct observation, liaison with official
agencies, or solicitation from official, unofficial, or public sources. (FMI 2-22.9)
Acquisition System Protection Program – The protection of all program information throughout the research,
development, test, evaluation, and fielding of critical defense technologies and systems. (FM 2-22.2)
actions on contact – A series of combat actions, often conducted simultaneously, taken upon contact with the
enemy to develop the situation. (FM 3-90)
active defense – (Army) Operations that protect selected assets and forces from attack by destroying theater missile
(TM) airborne launch platforms and or TMs in flight. Active defense also includes those actions that mitigate
the effectiveness of targeting and delivery systems through electronic warfare against remote or onboard
guidance systems. (FM 3-01)
active immunization – The administration of a vaccine to stimulate the host immune system to develop immunity
(protection) against a specific pathogen or toxin. (FM 8-284)
administrative contracting officer – Contracting officers whose duties are limited to contract administration. Also
called ACO. (ATTP 4-10)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
administrative control – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/a/9297.html See also command
relationships. See ADRP 5-0.
administrative lead time -The interval between initiation of procurement action and letting of contract or placing of
order. See also procurement lead time. (ATTP 4-10)
administrative movement - A movement in which troops and vehicles are arranged to expedite their movement and
conserve time and energy when no enemy ground interference, except by air, is anticipated. (FM 3-90)
advance party – (Army) A team that coordinates the convoy’s arrival at the destination. It may move with the main
body initially but must arrive at the destination sufficiently ahead of the main body. See also march column;
quartering party. (FM 4-01.30). (Marine Corps) A task organization formed by the Maarine air-ground task
force (MAGTF) commander that consists of personnel designated to form the nucleus of the arrival and
assembly organizations. The primary tasks of the advance party are to arrange for the reception of the main
body and provide force protection. (MCRP 5-12C)
advance trauma management – Resuscitative and stabilizing medical or surgical treatment provided to patients to
save life or limb and to prepare them for further evacuation without jeopardizing their well-being or prolonging
the state of their condition. (FM 4-02.6)
adversary – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/a/18751.html See ADRP 3-0.
adversary template — (Marine Corps) A model that portrays the adversary’s frontage depths, echelon spacing,
and force composition as well as the disposition of adversary combat, combat support, and combat service
support units for a given operation. It portrays how the adversary would like to fight if he was not constrained.
(MCRP 5-12C)
AEGIS—A totally integrated shipboard weapon system that combines computers, radars, and missiles. (FM 3-01.7)
after action review A guide analysis of an organization’s performance, normally conducted after a training event or
an operation, with the objective of improving future performance. It includes a facilitator, event participants,
and other observers. Also called AAR. (ADRP 7-0)
agility - The ability of friendly forces to react faster than the enemy. (FM 3-90)
aid station – (Marine Corps) 1. The unit level medical support capability organic to the battalion, regiment,
squadron, or group which provides routine sick call, treatment, and emergency care. 2. The first medical
treatment facility that can provide advance trauma management to a battlefield casualty. It provides first level of
triage evaluation of casualties and conducts routine sick call. (MCRP 5-12C)
air assault — (Marine Corps) Operation in which air assault forces (combat, combat support, and combat service
support), using the firepower, mobility, and total integration of assault support assets in their ground or air roles,
maneuver on the battlefield under the control of the mission commander to provide mobility and firepower of
the assigned mission. (MCRP 5-12C)
air assault operation – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/a/11614.html See alsoair mission
commander; assault force. See ATTP 3-18.12.
air battle management—A fundamental task of air defense command and control and airspace management that
encompasses the principles for the control and coordination of both tactical air and ground-based air defense
resources. (FM 3-01.7)
airborne operation – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/a/2290.html See FM 3-90.
airborne precautions – Standard precautions plus: placing the patient in a private room that has negative air
pressure, at least six air changes/hour, and appropriate filtration of air before it is discharged from the room.
Use of respiratory protection when entering the room. Limiting movement and transport of the patient. Using a
mask on the patient if he needs to be moved. (FM 8-284)
air contingency Marine air-ground task force – An on-call, combat-ready Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF)
that deploys by airlift. Air contingency MAGTFs vary in size based on mission requirements and the
availability of airlift. Because they deploy by air, they generally have a limited organic logistic capability and
require an arrival airfield. Air contingency MAGTFs usually are activated to respond to developing crises and
may deploy independently or in conjunction with other expeditionary forces. Also called air contingency
MAGTF; ACM. See also aviation combat element; ground combat element; logistics combat element;
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
Marine air-ground task force; Marine expeditionary force; Marine expeditionary force (Forward);
Marine expeditionary unit; special purpose Marine air-ground task force.
air control point – An easily identifiable point on the terrain or an electronic navigational aid used to provide
necessary control during air movement. Air control points are generally designated at each point where the
flight route or air corridor makes a definite change in any direction and at any other point deemed necessary for
timing or control of the operation. (FM 3-52)
air defense – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/a/2159.html See FM 3-01.7.
air defense artillery fire control officer—The center of gravity for integrating air defense artillery (ADA) brigade
operations into the joint integrated air defense system. The single point of contact between land-based ADA fire
direction centers and the identified joint theater air and missile defense command and control units. (FM 3-01.7)
airfield damage repair – Encompasses all actions required to repair airfield and landing zone operating surfaces
and infrastructure or services to conduct operations at a base or location seized from the enemy or offered for
use by a host nation. It also includes repairs required to sustain operations or to reestablish operations after
enemy attack at an airfield. Also called ADR. (FM 3-34.400)
air lines of communication – A system that provides air shipment, regardless of priorities, for all eligible supplies.
(FM 10-27)
air mission commander – (Marine Corps) A mission commander, who shall be a properly qualified naval aviator or
naval flight officer, should be designated when separate aircraft formations, each led by its own formation
leader, are required for a common support mission or whenever a formation of four or more aircraft must
perform a multiple sortie mission. The mission commander shall direct a coordinated plan of action and shall be
responsible for the effectiveness of the mission. Also called AMC. (MCRP 5-12C) See also air assault
operation.
air movements - (Army) Operations involving the use of utility and cargo rotary-wing assets for other than air
assaults. (FM 3-90)
air operations center—The principal air operations installation (land-or ship-based) from which all aircraft and air
warning functions of tactical air operations are controlled. (FM 3-01.7)
airspace control – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/a/9108.html See also airspace control
authority; airspace control order; airspace coordination area. See FM 3-52 and ADRP 5-0
airspace control area – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/a/11340.html See FM 3-52.
airspace control authority – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/a/2357.html See FM 3-52.
See also airspace control area.
airspace control order – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/a/126.html See FM 3-52. See
also airspace coordinating measures.
airspace coordinating measures – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/a/18191.html See
FM 3-52.
airspace coordination area – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/a/60.html See FM 3-52.
air support operations center – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/a/18042.html ) See
FM 3-52. See also close air support.
alert - Attack and launch early reporting to theater. (FM 3-01)
alliance – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/a/9313.html See also coalition; multinational
operations. See FM 3-16.
all-source intelligence – (DOD) 1. Intelligence products and/or organizations and activities that incorporate all
sources of information, most frequently including human intelligence, imagery intelligence, measurement and
signature intelligence, signals intelligence, and open-source data in the production of finished intelligence. 2. In
intelligence collection, a phrase that indicates that in the satisfaction of intelligence requirements, all collection,
processing, exploitation, and reporting systems and resources are identified for possible use and those most
capable are tasked. See ADRP 2-0. (Army) The intelligence discipline concerned with all-source products and
the processes used to produce them. See also intelligence operations. (ADRP 2-0)
alternate command post – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/a/2389.html See also
command post.
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
alternate position – (Army) A defensive position that the commander assigns to a unit or weapon for occupation
when the primary position becomes untenable or unsuitable for carrying out the assigned task. (FM 3-90)
(Marine Corps) A position to be occupiedwhen the primary position becomes untenable or unsuitable for
carrying out its task. The alternate position is so located that the original task can continue to be fulfilled.
(MCRP 5-12C) See also primary position; supplementary position.
alternate supply route – A route or routes designated within an area of operations to provide for the movement of
traffic when main supply routes become disabled or congested. Also called ASR. (ADRP 4-0) See also area of
operations; main supply route.
altimeter setting - The setting applied to an aircraft altimeter’s barometric correction counter that results in an
altimeter reading equal to the MSL ground elevation of an airport, or other location, when the aircraft is sitting
on the ground at that location. (ATTP 3-18.11)
alveolar process - The ridge of bone in the maxilla and mandible that contains the alveoli. (ATTP 4-46.1)
alveolus (singular), alveoli (plural) - A single tooth socket, the cavity in which the root of a tooth is held in the
alveolar process. (ATTP 4-46.1)
ambulance control point – Consists of a Soldier (from the ambulance company or platoon) stationed at a crossroad
or road junction where ambulances may take one of two or more directions to reach loading points. The Soldier,
knowing from which location each loaded ambulance has come, directs empty ambulances returning from the
rear. The need for control points is dictated by the tactical situation. Generally, they are more necessary in the
forward area. (FM 4-02.6)
ambulance shuttle system – An effective and flexible method of employing ambulances during combat. It consists
of one or more ambulance loading points, relay points, and, when necessary, ambulance control points, all
echeloned forward from the principal group of ambulances, the company location, or basic relay points as
tactically required. (When patients are being transported by litter carriers, this system is referred to as a litter
shuttle system). (FM 4-02.6) See also ambulance control point.
ambush – (Army) An attack by fire or other destructive means from concealed positions on a moving or temporarily
halted enemy. (FM 3-90) (Marine Corps) A surprise attack by fire from concealed positions on a moving or
temporarily halted enemy. (MCRP 5-12C) See also attack by fire.
ammunition supply point – (Marine Corps) An area designated to receive, store, reconfigure, and issue Class V
material. Also called ASP (MCRP 5-12C) See also classes of supply.
ammunition support activity – a logistics support activity whose primary mission is to receive, store, issue, and
maintain theater conventional ammunition stocks. May be designated as an ammunition supply point or theater
storage area. (FM 4-30.1)
ammunition transfer holding point – A designated site operated by a brigade support battalion distribution
company where ammunition is received and transferred to supported units within a brigade combat team. May
also temporarily hold or store ammunition as required. (FM 4-90)
anatomical position - All descriptions of the human body are based on the assumption that the person is standing
erect with the hands at the sides and the face, feet, and palms directed forward. The long bones are not crossed.
The various parts of the body are then described in relation to imaginary planes. Understanding these planes
will facilitate learning terms related to the position of structures relative to each other. (ATTP 4-46.1)
anatomist - An individual who specializes or is skilled in anatomy. (ATTP 4-46.1)
anatomy - The study of the structure of the body and the relationship of its parts to each other. The term “anatomy”
has a Greek origin that means "to cut up" or "to dissect." (ATTP 4-46.1)
anterior (or ventral) - Toward the front of the body. Reference point is the coronal plane. (ATTP 4-46.1)
anchor point – The point where the severely restricted terrain feature and the minefield meet. (FM 3-34.210)
anticipation - The ability of Financial Management leaders to forecast requirements based upon professional
judgment honed by experience, knowledge, education, intelligence, and intuition. (FM 1-06)
apex - The terminal or pointed end of the tooth root. (ATTP 4-46.1)
appendicular skeleton - Includes the bones of the arms, legs, shoulder girdle, and pelvic girdle. (ATTP 4-46.1)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
approach march – The advance of a combat unit when direct contact with the enemy is intended. (FM 3-90)
area clearance – In land operations, the detection and, if found, the identification, marking and neutralization,
destruction, or removal of mines or other explosive ordnance, improvised explosive devices and booby traps in
a defined area to allow a military operation to continue with reduced risk. (FM 3-34.210)
area defense – (Army) A defensive task that concentrates on denying enemy forces access to designated terrain for
a specific time rather than destroying the enemy outright. (FM 3-90) (Marine Crops) A type of defense in which
the bulk of the defending force is disposed in selected tactical localities where the decisive battle is to be fought.
Principal reliance is placed on the ability of the forces in the defended localities to maintain their positions and
to control the terrain between them. The reserve is used to add depth, to block, or restore the battle position by
counterattack. (MCRP 5-12C)
area density – The average number of mines within a square meter, anywhere in the minefield. Area density is
normally used to express the density of scatterable mines. (FM 3-34.210)
area of influence – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/a/2532.html See ADRP 3-0.
area of interest – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/a/2534.html See ADP 3-0. See also
area of influence; area of operations.
area of operations – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/a/9314.html See ADRP 3-0. See
also area of interest.
area reconnaissance – (Army) A form of reconnaissance that focuses on obtaining detailed information about the
terrain or enemy activity within a prescribed area. (FM 3-90) (Marine Corps) A directed effort to obtain detailed
information concerning the terrain or enemy activity within a prescribed area such as a town, ridge line, woods,
or other features critical to operations. Air reconnaissance is one of the six Marine aviation functions. (MCRP
5-12C)
area security – (Army) A form of security operation conducted to protect friendly forces, installation routes, and
actions within a specific area. (ADRP 3-90) See also area reconnaissance; security operations; rear area
security.
area support – Method of logistics, medical support, and personnel services in which support relationships are
determined by the location of the units requiring support. Sustainment units provide support to units located in
or passing through their assigned areas. (ADRP 4-0) See also direct support; logistics.
ARFOR – The Army component and senior Army headquarters of all Army forces assigned or attached to a
combatant command, subordinate joint force command, joint functional command, or multinational command.
(ADRP 1-02/MCRP 5-12A)
armed helicopter – A helicopter fitted with weapons or weapon systems. FM 1-100.
Army air movements – Operations involving the use of utility and cargo rotary-wing assets for other than air
assaults. (FM 3-90) See also air assault operation.
Army Communications Systems Operations – Communications networks and information services that enables
Army Enterprise Network capabilities. (FM 6-02.71)
Army Design Methodology – (Army) A methodology for applying critical and creative thinking to understand,
visualize, and describe unfamiliar problems in approaches to solving them. (ADP 5-0)
Army Field Support Brigade – (Army) An organization which provides integrated and synchronized acquisition
logistics and technology support, less medical, to Army operational forces. Also called AFSB. (ADRP 4-0)
Army G-2X – The Department of the Army executive agent for all Army counterintelligence and human
intelligence matters. The Army G-2X serves as the counterintelligence and human intelligence advisor to the
Department of the Army G-2. Also called AG-2X. (FM 2-22.2)
Army Health System - A component of the Military Health Systems that is responsible for operational management
of the health service support and force health protection missions for training, predeployment, deployment, and
postdeployment operations. (ATTP 4-02)
Army leader - Anyone who by virtue of assumed role or assigned responsibility inspires and influences people to
accomplish organizational goals. Army leaders motivate people both inside and outside the chain of command
to pursue actions, focus thinking and shape decisions for the greater good of the organization. (ADP 6-22)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
Army reserve war stock – Materiel amassed in peacetime to meet the increase in military requirements at the
outbreak of war. (FM 4-0)
Army Space Coordination Element - An Army space forces element that provides Army space expertise to the
space coordination authority. (FM 3-14)
Army special operations forces – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/a/408.html See
FM 3-05.
Army theater counterintelligence coordinating authority – The senior counterintelligence element in a theater
Army service component command responsible for the technical control and oversight of all counterintelligence
activities within their operational purview. Also called ATCICA. (ATP 2-22.2)
arrival and assembly area — (Marine Corps) An area identified by the designated commander in coordination
with the unified commander and host nation for arrival, offload, and assembly of forces and equipment and
supplies and preparations for subsequent operations. The arrival and assembly area is administrative in nature
and does not denote command of a geographic area. Such an area may be inside an amphibious objective area.
Within the arrival and assembly area, coordination authority for the following is implied for the designated
commander: prioritization and use of airfield, port, and beach facilities and road networks; air traffic control;
and logistic support activities. Also called AAA. (MCRP 5-12C) See also assembly area.
articulate (verb) - To unite by one or more joints. (ATTP 4-46.1)
articulation (noun) - The area where two or more bones or skeletal parts come in contact with one another, such as
joints and sutures. (ATTP 4-46.1)
artificial obscurants – Obscurant produced to attack enemy electro-optical devices associated with area of
operations weapon system and equipment capabilities. We cannot control the behavior of natural and byproduct obscurants with the degree of certainty required to defeat enemy reconnaissance, surveillance, and
target acquisition efforts. While natural and by-product obscurants block or attenuate portions of the
electromagnetic spectrum, we must produce obscurants artificially to attack enemy electro-optical systems. We
classify U.S. artificial obscurants as visual, bispectral, multispectral, and special. (FM 3-11.50) See also
by-product obscurant; infrared obscurant; millimeter wave obscuration; multispectral obscurant;
natural obscurant; obscurant; special obscurant; visual obscurant.
artillery target intelligence zone - An area in enemy territory that the commander wishes to monitor closely. Any
weapon detected in the artillery target intelligence zone will be reported ahead of all acquisitions other than
those from critical friendly zones or call for fire zones. (FM 3-09)
art of command – The creative and skillful exercise of authority through timely decisionmaking and leadership.
(ADP 6-0)
art of tactics – This consists of three interrelated aspects: the creative and flexible array of means to accomplish
assigned missions, decisionmaking under conditions of uncertainty when faced with an intelligent enemy, and
understanding the human dimension – the effects of combat on Soldiers and Marines. (ADRP 3-90)
ASCOPE – A memory aid for the characteristics considered under civil considerations: areas, structures,
capabilities, organizations, people, events. (FM 6-0) See also civil reconnaissance.
assailable flank – A flank exposed to attack or envelopment. (ADRP 3-90).
assault echelon – (Army) The element of a force that is scheduled for initial assault on the objective area.
(FM 3-90)
assault position – (Army) A covered and concealed position short of the objective, from which final preparations
are made to assault the objective. (FM 3-90) (Marine Corps) That position between the line of departure and the
objective in an attack from which forces assault the objective. Ideally, it is the last covered and concealed
position before reaching the objective (primarily used by dismounted infantry). (MCRP 5-12C) See also limit of
advance; line of departure; probable line of deployment.
assault support - The use of aircraft to provide tactical mobility and logistic support for the Marine air-ground task
force, the movement of high priority cargo and personnel within the immediate area of operations, in-flight
refueling, and the evacuation of personnel and cargo. Assault support is one of the six functions of Marine
aviation. (MCRP 5-12C)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
assault time – The moment to attack the initial objective throughout the geographical scope of the operation. (FM 390)assembly area – (Army) The area a unit occupies to prepare for an operation. Also called AA. (FM 3-90)
assessment – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/a/2608.html See ADP 5-0. Also see
measure of effectiveness, monitoring.
assign – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/a/2610.html See ADRP 5-0. See also attach.
assured mobility – A framework—of processes, actions, and capabilities —that assures the ability of a force to
deploy, move, and maneuver where and when desired, without interruption or delay, to achieve the mission.
(ATTP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8)
asymmetry – (Marine Corps) Unconventional, unexpected, innovative, or disproportional means used to gain
advantage over an adversary. (MCRP 5-12C)
attach – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/a/2636.html See ADRP 5-0. See also assign;
operational control; organic.
attack – (Army) An offensive task that destroys or defeats enemy forces, seizes and secures terrain, or both. (ADP
3-90) (Marine Corps) An offensive action characterized by movement, supported by fire, conducted to defeat,
destroy, or capture the enemy and/or secure key terrain. (MCRP 5-12C) See also defeat; deliberate attack;
demonstration; destroy; feint; hasty attack; offensive operations; raid; secure; seize; spoiling attack.
attack by fire – A tactical mission task in which a commander uses direct fires, supported by indirect fires, to
engage an enemy force without closing with the enemy to destroy, suppress, fix, or deceive that enemy.
(FM 3-90) (Marine Corps) The use of fires (direct and indirect) to engage the enemy from a distance to destroy,
fix, neutralize, or suppress. (MCRP 5-12C) See also destroy; direct fire; fix; frontal attack; support by fire;
suppress; tactical mission task.
attack by fire position – The general position from which a unit conducts the tactical task of attack by fire. (ADRP
3-90) See also attack by fire.
attack guidance matrix - A matrix, approved by the commander, which addresses which targets will be attacked,
how, when, and the desired effects. (FM 3-09)
attack helicopter – A helicopter designed to search out, attack, and destroy enemy targets. (FM 1-100)
attack operations – Offensive actions intended to destroy and disrupt enemy theater ballistic missile capabilities
before, during, and after launch. The objective of attack operations is to prevent the launch of theater ballistic
missiles by attacking each element of the overall system, including such actions as destroying launch platforms;
reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition platforms; command and control nodes; and missile stocks
and infrastructure. (FM 3-01.7/FM 3-01) See also active defense; destroy; disrupt; .
attack position – The last position an attacking force occupies or passes through before crossing the line of
departure (ADRP 1-02/MCRP 5-12A)
attitude - (Army) The attitude is the azimuth in mils/degrees, measured from grid north to a line passing through the
long axis of a linear or rectangular target. Attitude is determined to the nearest 100 mils and is always less than
3,200 mils/180 degrees. (FM 3-09)
attitudes – (Army) The beliefs, feelings, values, and disposition that cause an individual to respond in a particular
way to a given object, person, or situation (FM 3-05.301).
authentication - A security measure designed to protect a communications system against acceptance of a
fraudulent transmission or simulation by establishing the validity of a transmission, message, or originator. (FM
6-02.53)
authority – The delegated power to judge, act or command. (ADP 6-0)
authorized stockage list – A list of items from all classes of supply authorized to be stocked at a specific echelon of
supply. Also called ASL. (FM 4-0) See also classes of supply.
automated engagement planner - Software tool that uses sensor data and operator input to plan and build tasks for
the GMD system to use when tracking objects, engaging targets, and providing the GBI/exoatmospheric kill
vehicle guidance. (FM 3-27)
automatic rip cord release - A mechanical device designed to automatically extract the rip cord pin(s) at a
predesignated altitude. Also called ARR. (ATTP 3-18.11)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
avenue of approach - (Army) the air or ground route leading to an objective (or key terrain in its path) that an
attacking force can use (FM 3-90)
aviation combat element – (Marine Corps) The core element of a Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) that is
task-organized to conduct aviation operations. The aviation combat element (ACE) provides all or a portion of
the six functions of Marine aviation necessary to accomplish the MAGTF’s mission. These functions are antiair
warfare, offensive air support, assault support, electronic warfare, air reconnaissance, and control of aircraft and
missiles. The ACE is usually composed of an aviation unit headquarters and various other aviation units or their
detachments. It can vary in size from a small aviation detachment of specifically required aircraft to one or
more Marine aircraft wings. In a joint or multinational environment, the ACE may contain other Service or
multinational forces assigned or attached to the MAGTF. The ACE itself is not a formal command. Also called
ACE. (MCRP 5-12C) See also ground combat element; Marine air-ground task force; logistics combat
element; Marine expeditionary force; Marine expeditionary force (Forward); Marine expeditionary unit;
special purpose Marine air-ground task force.
aviation (master) altimeter - An altimeter of the type installed in all aircraft. This instrument has an adjustment
mechanism to provide offset corrections (altimeter settings) for local deviations from standard barometric
pressure conditions. (ATTP 3-18.11)
axial skeleton - Includes the bones of the head, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum. (ATTP 4-46.1)
axis of advance – (Army) The general area through which the bulk of a unit’s combat power must move. (ADRP 390) See also attack; movement to contact; offensive operations.
azimuth – (Army) The horizontal angle, measured clockwise by degrees or mils between a reference direction and
the line to an observed or designated point. There are three base (reference) directions or azimuths: true, grid,
and magnetic azimuth. (FM 3-25.26) See also grid azimuth; magnetic azimuth; true azimuth.
azimuth of fire – The direction, expressed in mils, that a battery is laid (oriented) on when it occupies a position.
(FM 3-09)
—B—
backbrief – A briefing by subordinates to the commander to review how subordinates intend to accomplish their
mission. (ATTP 5-0.1) See also mission.
bacterial agent – A live pathogenic organism that can cause disease, illness, or death. (FM 8-284)
ballistic impact point - The location on the ground where a round will impact if it were to follow an unguided
ballistic path. (FM 3-09)
ballistic missile trajectory - Path followed after the motor burns out and the missile body is acted on only by
gravity, friction with the air, and winds. (FM 3-27)
ballistic missile defense system - A layered system of systems comprised of sensors, weapon systems, planning and
battle management software and hardware capable of managing and executing the GBMD mission assigned to
USSTRATCOM. The ballistic missile defense system is limited to countering the ballistic missile threat. (FM
3-27)
bangalore torpedo – A manually emplaced, explosive-filled pipe, designed as a wire breaching device, but also
effective against simple pressure activated antipersonnel mines. (ATTP 3-90.4)
banking Support – Banking support encompasses a wide spectrum of Financial Management activities ranging
from currency support of U.S. military operations to liaison with host nation banking officials to strengthen
local financial institutions. Other FM activities within banking support include Limited Depositary (LD) and
Limited Depositary Account (LDA) establishment, coordination with U.S. embassies, USAFMCOM, DFAS,
and Treasury in order to integrate all agencies in support of banking initiatives. (FM 1-06)
base – (DOD) 1. http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/b/2746.html See ADRP 3-0.
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
base camp – An evolving military facility that supports the military operations of a deployed unit and provides the
necessary support and services for sustainment operations. (FM 3-37)
base defense forces – A base defense force is a security element established to provide local security to a base.
(FM 3-90)
base of fire – (Marine Corps) Fire placed on an enemy force or position to reduce or eliminate the enemy’s
capability to interfere by fire and/or movement with friendly maneuver element(s). It may be provided by a
single weapon or a grouping of weapons systems. (MCRP 5-12C) See also overwatch; support by fire.
base terminal – The initial facility for receiving, storing, and distributing fuel entering a theater of operations.
(FM10-67)
basic load (ammunition)– (Army) The quantity of nonnuclear ammunition that is authorized and required by each
Service to be on hand for a unit to meet combat needs until resupply can be accomplished. It is expressed in
rounds, units, or unity of weight, as appropriate. (FM 3-01.7)
battalion – A unit consisting of two or more company-, battery-, or troop-sized units and a headquarters. (ADRP 390) Also called bn. See also battery; company.
battalion task force - A maneuver battalion-size unit consisting of a battalion headquarters, at least one assigned
company-size element, and at least one attached company-size element from another maneuver or functional
and multifunctional support unit. (ADRP 3-90)
battery - A company-size unit in a field artillery or air defense artillery organization. (ADRP 3-90)
battle – A battle consists of a set of related engagements that lasts longer and involves larger forces than an
engagement. (ADP 3-90) See also campaign; engagement; major operation.
battle damage – All modes of equipment failures that occur during operations in wartime and peacetime, which
prevents that equipment from completing its mission. (ATTP 4-33)
battle damage assessment –(Marine Corps) The timely and accurate estimate of the damage resulting from the
application of military force. Battle damage assessment estimates physical damage to a particular target,
functional damage to that target, and the capability of the entire target system to continue its operations. Also
called BDA. (MCRP 5-12C)
battle damage repair - Essential repair, which may be improvised, carried out rapidly in a battle environment in
order to return damaged or disabled equipment to temporary service. Also called BDR. (FM 4-30.31)
battle drill – (Marine Corps) A critical collective action or task performed by a platoon or smaller element without
the application of a deliberate decision-making process, initiated on cue, accomplished with minimal leader
orders, and performed to standard throughout like units. (MCRP 5-12C)
battle handover line - a designated phase line on the ground where responsibility transitions from the stationary
force to the moving force and vice versa. (ADRP 1-02/MCRP 5-12A)
battlefield coordination detachment - An Army liaison that provides selected operational functions between the
Army forces and the air component commander. Battlefield coordination detachment located in the air
operations center interface includes exchanging current intelligence and operational data, support requirements,
coordinating the integration of Army forces requirements for airspace coordinating measures, fire support
coordination measures, and theater airlift. (ATTP 3-09.13)
battlefield coordination line – (Marine Corps) A fire support coordination measure, similar to a fire support
coordination line, that facilitates the expeditious attack of targets with surface indirect fires and aviation fires
between this measure and the fire support coordination line. To facilitate air delivered fires and deconflict air
and surface fires, an airspace coordination area will always overlie the area between the battlefield coordination
line and the fire support coordination line. The battlefield coordination line location is graphically portrayed on
fire support maps, charts, and overlays by a solid black line with the letters "BCL" followed by the establishing
headquarters in parentheses above the line and effective date-time group below the line. Also called BCL.
(MCRP 5-12C)
battle handover line – A designated phase line on the ground where responsibility transitions from the stationary
force to the moving force and vice versa. Also called BHL. (ADRP 1-02) See also handover line; phase line.
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
battle position – (Army) 1. A defensive location oriented on a likely enemy avenue of approach. (ADRP 3-90) 2.
For attack helicopters, an area designated in which they can maneuver and fire into a designated engagement
area or engage targets of opportunity. (ADRP 1-02/MCRP 5-12A) (Marine Corps) 1. In ground operations, a
defensive location oriented on an enemy avenue of approach from which a unit may defend. 2. In air operations,
an airspace coordination area containing fire points for attack helicopters. (MCRP 5-12C) Also called BP. See
also airspace coordination area; attack helicopter.
battle rhythm – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/b/18670.html See ATTP 5-0.1 and
ADRP 5-0.
battlespace — (Marine Corps) The environment, factors, and conditions that must be understood to successfully
apply combat power, protect the force, or complete the mission. This includes the air, land, sea, space, and the
included enemy and friendly forces; facilities; weather; terrain; the electromagnetic spectrum; and the
information environment within the operational areas, areas of interest, and areas of influence. (MCRP 5-12C)
barometric correction counter - The adjustment mechanism that allows an altimeter to be corrected for local
deviations from standard pressure. (ATTP 3-18.11)
beach capacity – An estimate expressed in terms of measurement tons, weight tons, or cargo that maybe unloaded
over a designated strip of shore per day. (FM 55-60)
beach group – See shore party
beach transfer points – Those locations where cargo is transferred from amphibians for movement to a marshaling
yard or to a clearance mode of transportation for delivery to its destination. (FM 55-60)
belligerents - A person, group, or nation recognized under international law as being engaged in a war or showing a
readiness to war. (FM 3-01.64)
benchmark – A fixed point of reference that is used to locate a marked and recorded explosive hazards area. It is
normally located a short distance outside the suspected hazardous area. A benchmark may not be necessary if
the reference point is close enough to the perimeter of the hazardous area. The coordinates of a reference point
must be surveyed by a global position system. (FM 3-34.210)
be-prepared mission – A mission assigned to a unit that might be executed. (ATTP 5-0.1/MCRP 5-12C) See also
on-order mission.
bifid - Divided into two parts, such as a bifid spinous process or a bifid tooth root. (ATTP 4-46.1)
biological contamination – The presence of an infectious agent on a body surface or on an environmental surface.
(FM 8-284)
biological threat agent field confirmation identification - Identification of a suspect biological warfare agent by
means of devices/materials/technologies that are based on detecting biological markers using two or more
independent biomarker results. (FM 4-02.7)
biological threat agent definitive identification - The specific identification of a suspect biological warfare agent
as to genus and species, serological type, or toxin. This level of identification is by means of
devices/materials/technologies that are based on two or more independent biomarker results and using different
methodologies. This level of identification is performed in a nationally recognized reference laboratory with a
broader variety of methodologies available and highly skilled testing personnel, thus providing the highest
levels of accuracy. (FM 4-02.7)
biological threat agent field presumptive identification - Identification of a suspect biological warfare agent by
means of devices/materials/technologies that are based on detecting biological markers (biomarkers) using a
single methodology or initial systems, or laboratory analysis employing one screening methodology. (FM 402.7)
biological warfare agent – A biological warfare agent is a pathogen (microorganism capable of causing disease) or
toxin derived from a living organism that is deliberately used to produce disease or death in humans, animals,
or plants. (FM 8-284)
bispectral – Consisting of two wavebands within the electromagnetic spectrum – that is, visual and infrared,
infrared and millimeter wave, or visual and millimeter wave. (FM 3-11.50)
bispectral obscurant – For current military operations, an obscurant that acts in the visual through infrared portions
of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, during future operations it may apply to infrared through millimeter
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
wave portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. (FM 3-11.50) See also artificial obscurant; by-product
obscurant; infrared obscurant; millimeter wave obscuration; multispectral obscurant; natural obscurant;
obscurant; special obscurant; visual obscurant.
blanket obscuration – A dense concentration of obscuration established over and around friendly areas to protect
them from observation from the air and precision bombing attack, or established over an enemy area to prevent
enemy-observed air attack by flare light. (FM 3-11.50)
block – A tactical mission task that denies the enemy access to an area or prevents his advance in a direction or
along an avenue of approach. Block is also an engineer obstacle effect that integrates fire planning and obstacle
effort to stop an attacker along a specific avenue of approach or prevent him from passing through an
engagement area. (FM 3-90) See also contain; disrupt; fix; tactical mission task; turn.
blocking. In tactical convoy operations, an advanced technique used to physically block the road with a vehicle to
prevent traffic from feeder roads, traffic circles and on/off-ramps from intermingling with the convoy. (FM 401.45)
block minefield – A minefield used to achieve a block obstacle effect. Typically consists of a series of minefields
arrayed to affect the entire width of an avenue of approach, but in relatively shallow depth. A block effect
minefield is the most resource intensive type of minefield and must be capable of defeating mechanical and
dismounted breach efforts. (FM 90-7)
blow through. A technique used to move through a threat or area. Usually applies to intersections, improvised
explosive device detonation, or enemy fire. (FM 4-01.45)
board – (Army) A grouping of predetermined staff representatives with delegated decision authority for a particular
purpose or function. (ATTP 5-01.1) See also working group, battle rhythm.
body stabilization - A movement made in free fall to attain and maintain a stable body position. (ATTP 3-18.11)
body turn - A movement made in free fall to effect a turn by moving the upper torso either to the right or left.
(ATTP 3-18.11)
boss - A rounded eminence, usually used in reference to the shape of the frontal or parietal bones of the skull.
(ATTP 4-46.1)
bound – 1. In land warfare, a single movement, usually from cover to cover, made by troops often under enemy fire.
2. Distance covered in one movement by a unit that is advancing by bounds. See FM 3-90.
boundary – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/b/8820.html See FM 3-90. See also airspace
coordination area; area of operations; bridgehead.
bounding overwatch – A movement technique used when contact with enemy forces is expected. The unit moves
by bounds. One element is always halted in position to overwatch another element while it moves. The
overwatching element is positioned to support the moving unit by fire or fire and movement. (FM 3-90/MCRP
5-12C) See also overwatch.
box formation – A unit formation with subordinate elements arranged in a box or square, or two elements up and
two elements back. It is a flexible formation that provides equal firepower in all directions. It is generally used
when the enemy location is known. This formation can cause 50 percent of force to be decisively engaged at the
same time, therefore limiting the combat power available to maneuver against an enemy. (ADRP 3-90) See also
column formation; echelon formation; line formation; movement formation; vee formation; wedge
formation.
breach – (Army) A tactical mission task in which the unit employs all available means to break through or establish
a passage through an enemy defense, obstacle, minefield, or fortification. (FM 3-90) (Marine Corps) To break
through or secure a passage through an obstacle. (MCRP 5-12C) See also tactical mission task.
breach area – The area where a breaching operation occurs. It is established and fully defined by the higher
headquarters of the unit conducting breaching operations. (ATTP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8) See also breaching
operation.
breach force – A combined arms force task-organized with the maneuver and engineer forces necessary to reduce
obstacles and create lanes through an obstacle to pass initial assault forces through the lanes. (ATTP 3-90.4) See
also assault force; breach; support force.
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
breaching fundamentals – Suppress, obscure, secure, reduce, and assault are the breaching fundamentals that must
be applied when breaching against a defending enemy. These fundamentals will always apply, but they may
vary based on the specific area of operations situation. (ATTP 3-90.4) See also breach.
breaching operation – Operation conducted to allow maneuver despite the presence of obstacles. Breaching is a
synchronized combined arms operation under the control of the maneuver commander. Breaching operations
begin when friendly forces detect an obstacle and begin to apply the breaching fundamentals, and they end
when battle handover has occurred between follow-on forces and a unit conducting the breaching operation.
(ATTP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8) See also breaching fundamentals; follow-on forces.
breakout – An operation conducted by an encircled force to regain freedom of movement or contact with friendly
units. It differs from other attacks only in that a simultaneous defense in other areas of the perimeter must be
maintained. (FM 3-90/MCRP 5-12C) See also encirclement; follow and support; main body.
breakthrough – Is a rupturing of the enemy’s forward defenses that occurs as a result of a penetration. A
breakthrough permits the passage of an exploitation force. (FM 3-90) See also attack; exploitation;
penetration.
bridgehead –In gap crossing operations, an area on the enemy’s side of the linear obstacle that is large enough to
accommodate the majority of the crossing force, has adequate terrain to permit defense of the crossing sites,
provides security of crossing forces from enemy direct fire, and provides a base for continuing the attack.
(ATTP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8) See also crossing site; river crossing.
bridgehead force – A force that assaults across a gap to secure the enemy side (the bridgehead) to allow the buildup
and passage of a breakout force during river crossing operations. (ATTP 3-90. 4/MCWP 3-17.8) See also
bridgehead.
bridgehead line – (Marine Corps) The limit of the objective area in the development of the bridgehead. (MCWP
3-17.8) See also bridgehead.
brigade – ( (Army) A unit consisting of two or more battalions and a headquarters company or detachment. (ADRP
3-90) Also called bde. See also battalion; division.
brigade combat team – (Army) A combined arms organization, consisting of a brigade headquarters, at least two
maneuver battalions, and necessary supporting functional capabilities. Also called BCT. (ADRP 3-90)
brigade special troops battalion - A subordinate unit to a brigade combat team that provides command and control
to the engineer, military intelligence, network support (signal), and headquarters companies. Found only in the
heavy and infantry brigade combat teams. (FM 3-90.31)
brigade support area – A designated area in which sustainment elements from division support command and
corps support command provide logistic support to a brigade. (FM 4-30.31) Also called BSA.
broadcast dissemination – The simultaneous dissemination of combat information, intelligence, targeting
information, etc. to multiple terminals at multiple echelons in order to provide immediate combat information
and intelligence. (FM 2-0) See also combat information; combat intelligence.
budget estimate - The budget estimate is based on specific combatant command operational plans, troop levels,
location, and operating circumstances. HQDA via its financial management and logistics staffs, uses data
provided by the responsible CCDR and the theater ASCC to derive a projected incremental cost estimate for
submission to OUSD(C). (FM 1-06)
buildup phase – The second stage of obscuration cloud production, which occurs when the individual obscuration
streamers start to merge. (FM 3-11.50) See also individual streamer; terminal phase; uniform phase.
bulk cargo – (Army) Cargo with dimensions less than oversized cargo and cargo that fits on a 463L aircraft pallet.
(FM 4-01.30).
bulk explosives – Explosives which do not normally have military applications but may be found within the area of
operations. (FM 3-34.210)
bumping - The replacement of one blocking vehicle with another. This technique is similar to “road guards” during
a unit physical training run. Blocking vehicles “bump” ahead and act as barriers to third party interference. (FM
4-01.45)
bypass – A tactical mission task in which the commander directs his unit to maneuver around an obstacle, position,
or enemy force to maintain the momentum of the operation while deliberately avoiding combat with an enemy
force. (FM 3-90/MCRP 5-12C) See also tactical mission task.
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
bypass criteria – Measures during the conduct of an offensive operation established by higher headquarters that
specify the conditions and size under which enemy units and contact may be avoided. (ADRP 3-90) See also
bypass.
by-product obscurants – Obscurant resulting from other activities associated with area of operations actions, such
as burning debris, dust, and the impact of munitions. (FM 3-11.50) See also artificial obscurant; infrared
obscurat; millimeter wave obscuration; multispectral obscurant; natural obscurant; obscurant; special
obscurant; visual obscurant.
—C—
caliber – 1.The diameter of the bore of a weapon; obtained in rifled weapons by measuring between opposite lands.
2. Diameter of a projectile. 3. Unit of measure used to express the length of the bore of a weapon. The number
of calibers is determined by dividing the length of the bore of the weapon (from breech face of the tube to the
muzzle) by the diameter of its bore. (FM 6-50)
call for fire – A request for fire containing data necessary for obtaining the required fire on a target. (FM 3-09)
call for fire zone – Designates a search area from which the commander wants to attack hostile firing positions. A
call for fire zone would be place around an enemy fire support position identified by IPB as a HPT. Also called
CFFZ (FM 3-09 )
call forward area – (Army) In gap-crossing operations, waiting areas within the crossing area where final
preparations are made. (ATTP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8) (Marine Corps) The area at the departure airfield where
planeloads are assembled in a ready condition prior to being directed to the loading ramp area. The joint
inspection is conducted in this area. (MCRP 5-12C) See also river crossing.
calvarium - The cranium without the face. (ATTP 4-46.1)
campaign – (DOD) A series of related major operations aimed at achieving strategic and operational objectives
within a given time and space. See ADRP 3-0.
canalize – (Army) A tactical mission task in which the commander restricts enemy movement to a narrow zone by
exploiting terrain coupled with the use of obstacles, fires, or friendly maneuver. (FM 3-90) See also tactical
mission task.
cannibalization - The authorized removal of serviceable and unserviceable assemblies and serviceable repair parts
from unserviceable, uneconomically reparable, or excess end items of equipment authorized for local disposal.
(FM 4-30.31)
capacity building – The process of creating an environment that fosters host-nation institutional development,
community participation, human resources development, and strengthening of managerial systems. (FM 3-07)
cash - Coins and bills on hand readily available. (FM 1-06)
cash dispensing machine - A machine that dispenses cash only, contrary to an automated teller machine (ATM)
that can perform other functions as funds transfers among a customer's various accounts and acceptance of
deposits. Equipment generally is activated by a plastic card in combination with a personal identification
number (PIN). (FM 1-06)
casualty collection—(Marine Corps) The assembly of casualties at collection and treatment sites. It includes
protection from further injury while awaiting evacuation to the next level of care. Planning for casualty
collection points must include site selection and manning. (MCRP 5-12C)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
casualty evacuation – (Marine Corps) The movement of the sick, wounded, or injured. It begins at the point of
injury or the onset of disease. It includes movement both to and between medical treatment facilities. All units
have an evacuation capability. Any vehicle may be used to evacuate casualties. If a medical vehicle is not used
it should be replaced with one at the first opportunity. Similarly, aeromedical evacuation should replace surface
evacuation at the first opportunity. (MCRP 5-12C) Also called CASEVAC.
cavalry squadron - A unit consisting of two or more company , battery , or troop size units and a headquarters. (FM
3-90)
cementum - The bony tissue that covers the root of a tooth. (ATTP 4-46.1)
censor zone - An area from which radar is prohibited from reporting acquisitions. A censor zone is normally placed
around friendly weapon systems to prevent them from being acquired by friendly weapons locating radars. (FM
3-09 )
center of gravity – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/c/8822.html See ADRP 3-0. See also
decisive point.
centralized planning - The process whereby one commander has responsibility and authority for planning and
coordinating a military operation or group/category of operations. (FM 3-27)
chain of command – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/c/3019.html See ADRP 6-22.
channelization - To direct or guide along a desired course. (FM 3-04.300)
checkpoint - A predetermined point on the ground used to control movement, tactical maneuver, and orientation.
(ADRP 1-02/MCRP 5-12A)
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear active defense - Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear
active defense comprises measures taken to defeat an attack with chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear
weapons by employing actions to divert, neutralize, or destroy those weapons or their means of delivery while
en route to their target. (FM 3-11)
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear consequence management - Chemical, biological, radiological,
and nuclear consequence management consists of actions taken to plan, prepare, respond to, and recover from
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear incidents that require force and resource allocation beyond
passive defense capabilities. (FM 3-11)
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear operations - Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear
operations include the employment of tactical capabilities that counter the entire range of chemical, biological,
radiological, and nuclear threats and hazards through weapons of mass destruction proliferation prevention;
weapons of mass destruction counterforce; chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear defense; and
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear consequence management activities. Chemical, biological,
radiological, and nuclear operations support operational and strategic objectives to combat weapons of mass
destruction and operate safely in a chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear environment. (FM 3-11)
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear responders - Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear
responders are Department of Defense military and civilian personnel who are trained to respond to chemical,
biological, radiological, and nuclear incidents and certified to operate safely at the awareness, operations,
technician, or installation level according to Section 120, Part 1910, Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations and
National Fire Protection Association 472. (FM 3-11)
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats - Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats
include the intentional employment of, or intent to employ, weapons or improvised devices to produce
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazards. (FM 3-11)
chemoprophylaxis – The administration of an antibiotic agent to prevent an infection, or to prevent an incubating
infection from progressing to disease, or to eliminate a carrier state to prevent transmission and disease in
others. (FM 8-284)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
chief of fires - The senior organic field artillery staff officer at division and higher headquarters level who is
responsible for advising the commander on the best use of available fire support resources, providing input to
necessary orders, and developing and implementing the fire support plan. Also called COF. (ADRP 3-09)
circular target - A circular target is a target that is in a circular pattern or is vague as to exact composition and has a
radius greater than 100 meters. (FM 3-09)
civil affairs – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/c/273.html See FM 3-57. See also civil
affairs operations; civil-military operations.
civil affairs operations – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/c/19947.html See FM 3-57.
civil affairs operations project management - The six step process by which Civil Affairs forces identify, validate,
plan, coordinate, facilitate, and monitor both material and nonmaterial Civil Affairs operations projects to
achieve a supported commander’s objectives relating to the civil component of the operational environment.
(FM 3-57)
civil assistance - Assistance, based on a commander’s decision, in which life-sustaining services are provided, order
is maintained, and/or goods and services are distributed within the commander’s assigned area of operations.
(FM 3-57)
civil augmentation program - Standing, long-term external support contacts designed to augment Service logistic
capabilities with contract support in both preplanned and short notice contingencies. Examples include US
Army LOGCAP, AFCAP, US Navy Global Contingency Capabilities Contracts (also known as CAP). (ATTP
4-10) See also contingency contracts; external support contracts.
civil considerations – The influence of manmade infrastructure, civilian institutions, and attitudes and activities of
the civilian leaders, populations, and organizations within an area of operations on the conduct of military
operations. (ADRP 5-0)
civil disturbance – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/c/3083.html See ADRP 3-28.
civil information - Information developed from data with relation to civil areas, structures, capabilities,
organization, people, and events within the civil component of the commander’s operational environment that
can be fused or processed to increase Department of Defense/Interagency/intergovernmental
organizations/nongovernmental organizations/indigenous populations and institutions situational awareness,
situational understanding, or situational dominance. (FM 3-57)
civil information management - Process whereby civil information is collected, entered into a central database, and
internally fused with the supported element, higher headquarters, other United States Government and
Department of Defense agencies, intergovernmental organizations, and nongovernmental organizations to
ensure the timely availability of information for analysis and the widest possible dissemination of the raw and
analyzed civil information to military and nonmilitary partners throughout the area of operations. Also called
CIM. (FM 3-57)
civil liaison team - Provides limited civil-military interface capability as a spoke for the exchange of information
between indigenous populations and institutions, intergovernmental organizations, nongovernmental
organizations, and other governmental agencies, and has limited capability to link resources to prioritized
requirements. The civil liaison team is a stand-alone team for the civil-military operations center. It provides the
supported level civil-military operations center with a storefront for Civil Affairs operations and civil-military
operations coordination capability without interfering with the regular staff functions. Also called CLT. (FM 357)
civil-military engagement - A formal program that facilitates the U.S. interagency, host nation indigenous
authorities, select intergovernmental and nongovernmental partners, and the private sector to build, replace,
repair, and sustain civil capabilities and capacities that eliminate, reduce, or mitigate civil vulnerabilities to local
and regional populations. Civil-military engagement is a globally synchronized and regionally coordinated
program of country-specific and regional actions executed through and with indigenous and U.S. interagency
partners to eliminate the underlying conditions and core motivations for local and regional population support to
violent extremist organizations and their networks. Also called CME. (FM 3-57)
civil-military operations – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/c/9019.html See FM 3-57.See
also civil affairs; civil affairs operations.
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
civil-military support element - A task-organized Civil Affairs force that conducts civil-military engagement in a
specified country or region. A civil-military support element is composed of a persistent-presence element of
Civil Affairs leaders/planners, and a presence-for-purpose element composed of a Civil Affairs Team(s) that may
include enablers (for example, health service support, engineer, etc.) who are task organized for a specific time to
execute a coordinated mission. Also called CMSE. (FM 3-57)
civil reconnaissance - A targeted, planned, and coordinated observation and evaluation of those specific civil
aspects of the environment. Civil reconnaissance focuses specifically on the civil component, the elements of
which are best represented by the mnemonic ASCOPE: areas, structures, capabilities, organizations, people, and
events. Civil reconnaissance can be conducted by Civil Affairs or by other forces, as required. Also called CR.
(FM 3-57)
classes of supply – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/c/11167.html [Note: the Army
definition also has a miscellaneous category comprising water, captured enemy material, and salvage material.]
See FM 4-0.
classify - To declare a target to be a ballistic missile or air-breathing object. (FM 3-01)
clear – 1. A tactical mission task that requires the commander to remove all enemy forces and eliminate organized
resistance within an assigned area. (FM 3-90) 2. To eliminate transmissions on a tactical radio net in order to
allow a higher-precedence transmission to occur. (FM 6-02.53/MCRP 5-12C) 3. The total elimination or
neutralization of an obstacle that is usually performed by follow-on engineers and is not done under fire.
(ATTP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8) (Marine Corps) 4. To remove enemy forces and eliminate organized resistance in
an assigned zone, area, or location by destroying, capturing or forcing the withdrawal of enemy forces that
could interfere with the unit’s ability to accomplish its mission. (MCRP 5-12C) See also reduce; tactical
mission task.
clearance of fires – The process of approving or obtaining approval to attack targets with fires within and outside
the boundaries of the supported unit for which the fires are provided. (FM 3-09)
close air support – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/c/8823.html See FM 3-52.
close area – In contiguous areas of operations, an area assigned to a maneuver force that extends from its
subordinates’ rear boundaries to its own forward boundary. (ADRP 3-0)
close combat – Warfare carried out on land in a direct-fire fight, supported by direct and indirect fires, and other
assets. (ADRP 3-0) See also direct fire.
close combat attack – A coordinated attack by Army attack reconnaissance aircraft (manned and unmanned)
against targets that are in close proximity to friendly forces. The close combat attack is not synonymous with
close air support flown by Joint aircraft. Terminal control from ground units or controllers is not due to the
capabilities of the aircraft and the enhanced situational understanding of the aircrew. Also called CCA. (FM 304.126)
close operations – (Marine Corps) Military actions conducted to project power decisively against enemy forces that
pose an immediate or near term threat to the success of current battles or engagements. These military actions
are conducted by committed forces and their readily available tactical reserves, using maneuver and combined
arms. (MCRP 5-12C)
coalition – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/c/8682.html See ADRP 3-0.
cold side - The side of a vehicle opposite to that taking fire. (FM 4-01.45)
collaborative planning – Commanders, subordinate commanders, staffs, and other partners sharing information,
knowledge, perceptions, ideas, and concepts regardless of physical location throughout the planning process.
(ADRP 5-0)
collection point – (Marine Corps) A point designated for the assembly of casualties, stragglers, not operationally
ready equipment and materiel, salvage, prisoners, and so on for treatment, classification, sorting, repair, or
further movement to collecting stations or rear facilities and installations. (MCRP 5-12C) See also aid station.
column formation – The column formation is a combat formation in which elements are placed one behind the
other. (ADRP 3-90) See also box formation; diamond formation; echelon formation; line formation;
movement formation; vee formation; wedge formation.
combat formation – A combat formation is an ordered arrangement of forces for a specific purpose and describes
the general configuration of a unit on the ground. (FM 3-90)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
combat information – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/c/3175.html See ADRP 2-0.
combat emergency capable - A condition in which the vehicle meets the needs for a specific tactical maneuver or
firing mission; however, all systems (shoot move-communicate) are not fully functional. (FM 4-30.31)
combat engineering – The engineer discipline that is focused on affecting terrain while in close support to
maneuver forces that are in close combat. (FM 3-34)
combat formation – An ordered arrangement of forces for a specific purpose and the general configuration of a unit
on the ground. (ADRP 3-90)
combat information - (DOD) Unevaluated data, gathered by or provided directly to the tactical commander which,
due to its highly perishable nature or the criticality of the situation, cannot be processed into tactical intelligence
in time to satisfy the user’s tactical intelligence requirements. See ADRP 2-0.
combat load – The minimum mission-essential equipment, as determined by the commander responsible for
carrying out the mission, required for Soldiers to fight and survive immediate combat operations.
(FM 10-1/MCRP 5-12C)
combat logistics battalion – (Marine Corps) The task-organized logistics combat element of the Marine
expeditionary unit. Personnel and equipment are assigned from the permanent battalions of the Marine logistics
group. As required, it may be augmented by combat service support assets from the Marine division or Marine
aircraft wing. Also called CLB. (MCRP 5-12C)
combat observation and lasing team - A field artillery team controlled at the brigade level that is capable of day
and night target acquisition and has both laser-range finding and laser-designating capabilities. Also called
COLT. (FM 3-09)
combat outpost – (Army) A reinforced observation post capable of conducting limited combat operations.
(FM 3-90) See also counterreconnaissance; observation post. (Marine Corps) A security force established at
the regimental level during defensive or stationary operations. (MCRP 5-12C)
combat patrol – (Marine Corps) A tactical unit that is sent out from the main body to engage in independent
fighting. It may be to provide security or to harass, destroy, or capture enemy troops, equipment, or
installations. Operations include raids, ambushes, and security missions. (MCRP 5-12C) Also called fighting
patrol. See also ambush; raid; security operations.
combat power – (Army) The total means of destructive, constructive, and information capabilities that a military
unit or formation can apply at a given time. (ADRP 3-0)
combat repair team - A team that provides the first line of maintenance support toarmor and infantry companies. It
is a modular organization that provides dedicated and habitual support to the same unit both in a garrison and a
tactical environment. (FM 4-30.31)
combined arms – (Army) The synchronized and simultaneous application of the elements of arms to achieve an
effect greater than if each arm was used separately or sequentially. (ADRP 3-0) (Marine Corps) 1. The full
integration of combat arms in such a way that to counteract one, the enemy must become more vulnerable to
another. 2. The tactics, techniques, and procedures employed by a force to integrate firepower and mobility to
produce a desired effect upon the enemy. (MCRP 5-12C)
combined arms maneuver – The application of the element of combat power in unified action to defeat enemy
ground forces; to seize, occupy, and defend land areas; and to achieve physical, temporal, and psychological
advantages over the enemy to seize and exploit the initiative. (ADP 3-0)
combined arms team – (Army) The combined arms team is two or more arms mutually supporting one another,
usually consisting of a mixture of infantry, armor, cavalry, aviation, field artillery, air defense artillery, and
engineers. (FM 3-90)
command – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/c/3223.html See ADP 6-0. See also
commander.
command and control – (Marine Corps) The means by which a commander recognizes what needs to be done and
sees to it that appropriate actions are taken. Command and control is one of the six warfighting functions. Also
called C2. (MCRP 5-12C) See warfighting functions.
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
command element – (Marine Corps) The core element of a Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) that is the
headquarters. The command element is composed of the commander, general or executive and special staff
sections, headquarters section, and requisite communications support, intelligence, and reconnaissance forces
necessary to accomplish the MAGTF’s mission. The command element provides command and control,
intelligence, and other support essential for effective planning and execution of operations by the other elements
of the MAGTF. The command element varies in size and composition, and in a joint or multinational
environment, it may contain other Service or multinational forces assigned or attached to the MAGTF. (MCRP
5-12C) See also aviation combat element; ground combat element; logistics combat element; Marine
air-ground task force; Marine expeditionary force; Marine expeditionary force (Forward); Marine
expeditionary unit; special purpose Marine air-ground task force.
commander – (Marine Corps) One who is properly appointed to command an organization, or who under applicable
provisions of laws, regulations, or orders succeeds to such command due to transfer, incapacity, death, or
absence of the previous commanding officer. Marine Corps commanders are titled as commandant, commander,
commanding general, commanding officer, director, inspector-instructor. Other titles used to designate Marine
Corps commanders shall be made only with the specific approval of the Commandant of the Marine Corps. The
titles officer in charge and noncommissioned officer in charge do not normally denote a commander. However,
in specific instances, superiors in the chain of command may delegate command authority to officers in charge
or noncommissioned officers in charge to the extent required for them to carry out their assigned tasks. (MCRP
5-12C) Also called CDR. See also command.
commander’s critical information requirement – (DOD)
http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/c/10151.html See ADRP 5-0. (Marine Corps) Information
regarding the enemy and friendly activities and the environment identified by the commander as critical to
maintaining situational awareness, planning future activities, and facilitating timely decisionmaking. The three
primary subcategories are priority intelligence requirements, friendly force information requirements, and
essential elements of friendly information. Also called CCIR. (MCRP 5-12C) See also essential elements of
friendly information; information; intelligence.
commander’s intent – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/c/11499.html See ARP 3-0,
ADRP 5-0, and ADP 6-0. (Marine Corps) A commander’s clear, concise articulation of the purpose(s) behind
one or more tasks assigned to a subordinate. It is one of two parts of every mission statement which guides the
exercise of initiative in the absence of instructions. (MCRP 5-12C) See also end state; mission statement.
commander’s visualization – The mental process of developing situational understanding, determining desired end
state, and envisioning the broad sequence of events by which the force will achieve that end state (ADP 5-0)
command group – The commander and selected staff members who assist the commander in controlling operations
away from a command post.( ATTP 5-0.1) See also commander; command post.
command post – A unit headquarters where the commander and staff perform their activities. (ATTP 5-0.1) See
also alternate command post; commander; command group; main command post; tactical command post.
command post cell – A grouping of personnel and equipment organized by warfighting function or by planning
horizon to facilitate the exercise of mission command. (ATTP 5-0.1)
command relationships – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/c/8683.html See ADRP 5-0.
Commercial Imagery Team - An Army team that provides commercial imagery data and products to customers in
an AOR. CIT’s consist of an OIC (FA40), Deputy, a Information Systems Operator-Analyst (25B), a Satellite
Communications System Operator Maintainer (25S), an Intelligence Analyst (35F), and a Geospacial Engineer
(21Y) who produce varying products using commercial imagery in support of US, allies and coalition customer
needs (image maps, change detection, terrain categorization, and multispectral analysis).
committed force - A force in contact with an enemy or deployed on a specific mission or course of action which
precludes its employment elsewhere. (ADRP 3-90)
common deflection - The deflection corresponding to the firing unit’s azimuth of fire. The common deflection used
may vary based upon the weapon’s sight system. (FM 3-09)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
common grid – the extension of survey control (direction, location, and altitude) from a base datum to all fire
support assets requiring orientation and positioning data within a command. [The USMC terminology is
common survey.] (FM 3-09)
common operational picture – (Army) A single display of relevant information within a commander’s area of
interest tailored to the user’s requirements and based on common data and information shared by more than one
command. Also called COP. (ADRP 6-0)
common sensor boundary - A line established (normally depicted using a grid line, phase line or major terrain
feature) established by the force counterfire headquarters that divides target acquisition search areas into
acquisition management areas for weapons locating radars. (FM 3-09)
communications-electronics operating instructions - (Marine Corps) An instruction containing details on call sign
assignments, frequency assignments, codes and ciphers, and authentication tables and their use. The
communications-electronics operating instructions (CEOI) is designated to complement information contained
in operational unit communication standing operating procedures or Annex K (Combat Information Systems) to
the operation order. The most common version of CEOI in use by the Marine Corps is the automated
communications-electronics operating instructions produced by the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration. Also called CEOI. (MCRP 5-12C)
company – A company is a unit consisting of two or more platoons, usually of the same type, with a headquarters
and a limited capacity for self-support. (ADRP 3-90)
company team – A combined arms organization formed by attaching one or more nonorganic armor, mechanized
infantry, Stryker infantry, or light infantry platoons to a tank, mechanized infantry, Stryker, or infantry
company either in exchange for, or in addition to its organic platoons. (ADRP 3-90) See also attach; combined
arms team.
complex terrain - (Army) A geographical area consisting of an urban center larger than a village and/or of two or
more types of restrictive terrain or environmental conditions occupying the same space. Restrictive terrain or
environmental conditions include, but are not limited to, slope, high altitude, forestation, severe weather, and
urbanization. (ATTP 3-34.80)
comprehensive approach – An approach that integrates the cooperative efforts of the departments and agencies of
the United States Government, intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations, multinational partners,
and private sector entities to achieve unity of effort toward a shared goal. (FM 3-07)
concealment – Protection from observation or surveillance. See also surveillance. (ADRP 1-02/MCRP 5-12A)
concept - A description of a military problem and its solution across the domains of doctrine, organization, training,
materiel, leadership and education, personnel, and facilities. (FM 1-01)
concept of operations – (Army) A statement that directs the manner in which subordinate units cooperate to
accomplish the mission and establish the sequence of actions the force will use to achieve the end state.
(ADRP 5-0) See also commander’s intent; operation plan; scheme of maneuver.
condyle - A rounded projection for articulation with another bone. (ATTP 4-46.1)
configured load - A single or multi commodity load of supplies built to the anticipated or actual needs of
consuming unit. (FM 4-0)
confined space - An area large enough and so configured that a member can bodily enter and perform assigned
work, but which has limited or restricted means for entry and exit and is not designed for continuous human
occupancy. (ATTP 3-11.23)
confirmation brief – A briefing subordinate leaders give to the higher commander immediately after the operation
order is given. It is their understanding of his intent, their specific tasks, and the relationship between their
mission and the other units in the operation. (ADRP 5-0) See also commander’s intent.
conflict transformation – The process of reducing the means and motivations for violent conflict while developing
more viable, peaceful alternatives for the competitive pursuit of political and socio-economic aspirations.
FM 3-07)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
consistency - The principle involves the provision of consistent FM support and guidance to forces throughout the
AO. (FM 1-06)
consolidation - Organizing and strengthening a newly captured position so that it can be used against the enemy.
(FM 3-90)
constraint – (Army) A restriction placed on the command by a higher command. A constraint dictates an action or
inaction, thus restricting the freedom of action a subordinate commander. (ATTP 5-0.1) (Marine Corps)
Something which must be done that limits freedom of action. Constraints are included in the rules of
engagement, commander’s guidance, or instructions from higher headquarters. (MCRP 5-12C) See also
restraint.
contact point – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/c/3344.html See FM 3-05.231. (Army) an
easily identifiable point on the terrain where two or more ground units are required to make physical contact.
(FM 3-90)
contact precautions – Standard precautions plus; Placing the patient in a private room or with someone s with the
same infection, if possible. Using gloves when entering the room. Changing gloves after contact with effective
material. Using gown when entering the room if contact with patient is anticipated or if the patient has diarrhea,
a colostomy, or wound drainage not covered by a dressing. Limiting the movement or transport or the patient
from the room. Ensuring that patient care items, bedside equipment, and frequently touched surfaces receive
daily cleaning. Dedicating use of noncritical patient-care equipment to a single patient, or cohort of patients
with the same pathogen. If not feasible, adequate disinfection between patients is necessary. (FM 8-284)
contain – (Army) A tactical mission task that requires the commander to stop, hold, or surround enemy forces or to
cause them to center their activity on a given front and prevent them from withdrawing any part of their forces
for use elsewhere. (FM 3-90)
contemporary operational environment - The synergistic combination of variables and actors that create the
conditions, circumstances, and influences that can affect military operations today and in the near- and midterm. (FM 7-100.4)
contingency contracting - The process of obtaining goods and service from commercial sources via contracting
means in support of contingency operations. (ATTP 4-10)
contingency contracts - Contracts for goods and services obtained from commercial sources in support of
contingency operations. See also external support contracts; theater support contracts, systems support
contracts. (ATTP 4-10)
contract administration - A subset of contracting and includes efforts that ensure that supplies and services are
delivered IAW the conditions and standards expressed in the contract. (ATTP 4-10)
contracting officer – (DOD) The Service member or Department of Defense civilian with the legal authority to
enter into, administer, and/or terminate contracts. See ATTP 4-10.
contracting officer representative - A Service member or Department of the Army civilian appointed in writing by
a contracting officer responsible to monitor contract performance and performs other duties specified by their
appointment letter. Also called COR. (ATTP 4-10)
contractor management - The process of managing and integrating contracted support, to include all associated
contractor personnel and their equipment, into military operations. (ATTP 4-10)
contractors authorized to accompany the force - Contingency contractor employees who are specifically
authorized through their contract to accompany the force and have protected status IAW international
conventions. Also called CAAF. (ATTP 4-10)
contract support integration - The process of synchronizing operational planning, requirements development and
contracting in support of deployed military forces and other designated organizations in the area of operations.
(ATTP 4-10)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
contract termination – (DOD) Defense procurement: the cessation or cancellation, in whole or in part, of work
under a prime contract, or a subcontract there under for the convenience of, or at the option of, the government,
or due to failure of the contractor to perform IAW the terms of the contract (default). See ATTP 4-10.
control –(Army)1. The regulation of forces and warfighting functions to accomplish the mission in accordance with
the commander’s intent. (ADP 6-0) 2. A tactical mission task that requires the commander to maintain physical
influence over a specified area to prevent its use by an enemy or to create conditions necessary for successful
friendly operations. (FM 3-90) 3. An action taken to eliminate a hazard or reduce its risk. (FM 5-19) (Marine
Corps) 1. To maintain physical influence by occupation or range of weapon systems over the activities or access
in a defined area. 2. A tactical task to maintain physical influence by occupation or range of weapon systems
over the activities or access in a defined area. (MCRP 5-12C) See also operational control; operations
process; risk management; tactical mission task; mission command.
controlled supply rate – The rate of ammunition consumption that can be supported, considering availability,
facilities, and transportation. It is expressed in rounds per unit, individual, or vehicle per day. The Army Service
component commander announces the controlled supply rate for each item of ammunition, and, in turn, the
commander of each subordinate tactical unit announces a controlled supply rate to his commanders at the next
lower levels. A unit may not draw ammunition in excess of its controlled supply rate without authority from its
next higher headquarters. Also called CSR. (FM 4-30.1)
control lines - The lines that connect the toggles and turn slots, and by which the parachutist may control the action
of his canopy. (ATTP 3-18.11)
control measure – A means of regulating forces or warfighting functions. (ADRP 6-0)
control of aircraft and missiles - The use of aircraft to provide tactical mobility and logistic support for the Marine
air-ground task force, the movement of high priority cargo and personnel within the immediate area of
operations, in-flight refueling, and the evacuation of personnel and cargo. Assault support is one of the six
functions of Marine aviation. (MCRP 5-12C)
converged sheaf - In artillery fires a converged sheaf is a type of special sheaf in which each piece fires a unique
time, deflection, and quadrant elevation to cause the rounds to impact at the same point on the ground. (FM 309)
convoy manifest - A unit-specific SOP that contains information regarding personnel, vehicles, and equipment for a
given convoy. (FM 4-01.45)
convoy security operation – A specialized kind of area security operation conducted to protect convoys. (FM 3-37)
See also security operations.
coordinated fire line - (DOD) A line beyond which conventional and indirect surface fire support means may fire at
any time within the boundaries of the establishing headquarters without additional coordination. The purpose of
the coordinated fire line is to expedite the surface-to-surface attack of targets beyond the coordinated fire line
without coordination with the ground commander in whose area the targets are located. Also called CFL. See
FM 3-09.
cordon and search – A technique of conducting a movement to contact that involve isolating a target area and
searching suspect locations within that target area to capture or destroy possible enemy forces and contraband.
(FM 3-90)
cordon security - The security provided between two combat outposts positioned to provide mutual support. (FM 390)
coronal (or frontal) - Anatomical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) halves. The
coronal plane is placed perpendicular to the sagittal plane. (ATTP 4-46.1)
corps – The Army’s largest tactical unit and the instrument by which joint force conduct operational-level
maneuver. (ADRP 3-90) See also maneuver.
cost center - Serve as a base for a management optimization model – a model utilized to reflect the business, its
inputs, conversions, and outputs in order to support management decisions. The cost center is the first cost
object defined when developing a cost model. (FM 1-06)
cost management - Cost management collects and links financial (cost) data with non-financial output and
performance data, presenting the information in a way directly related to major mission objectives. Cost
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
management will provide Army leaders and managers real-time costs that are tied to operational and functional
activities. (FM 1-06)
cost-plus award fee contract - A type of contract that provides for a payment consisting of a base amount fixed at
inception of the contract along with an award amount that is based upon a judgmental evaluation by the United
States Government. (ATTP 4-10)
counterattack - Attack by part or all of a defending force against an enemy attacking force, for such specific
purposes as regaining ground lost, or cutting off or destroying enemy advance units, and with the general
objective of denying to the enemy the attainment of the enemy’s purpose in attacking. In sustained defensive
operations, it is undertaken to restore the battle position and is directed at limited objectives. (ADRP
1-02/MCRP 5-12A)
counterintelligence – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/c/283.html See FM 2-22.2 (Army)
Counters or neutralizes intelligence collection efforts through collection, counterintelligence investigations,
operations analysis, production, and technical services and support. Counterintelligence includes all actions
taken to detect, identify, track, exploit, and neutralize the multidiscipline intelligence activities of friends,
competitors, opponents, adversaries, and enemies; is the key intelligence community contributor to protect U.S.
interests and equities; assists in identifying essential elements of friendly information, identifying vulnerabilities
to threat collection, and actions taken to counter collection and operations against U.S. forces. (FM 2-22.2)
(Marine Corps) The active and passive measures intended to deny the enemy valuable information about the
friendly situation, to detect and neutralize hostile intelligence collection, and to deceive the enemy as to friendly
capabilities and intentions. Also called CI. (MCRP 5-12C).
counterfire - Fire intended to destroy or neutralize enemy weapons. Includes counterbattery, counterbombardment,
and countermortar fire. (FM 3-09)
countermobility operations – (Army) Those combined arms activities that use or enhance the effects of natural
and man-made obstacles to deny an adversary freedom of movement and maneuver. (FM 3-34) See also delay;
destroy; disrupt.
counterpreparation fire - Intensive prearranged fire delivered when the imminence of the enemy attack is
discovered. It is designed to break up enemy formations; delay movement of reinforcements or reserve;
disorganize the enemy’s system of command, communications, and observation; decrease the effectiveness of
artillery preparation; and impair the enemy’s offensive spirit. (FM 3-09)
counterreconnaissance – (Army) A tactical mission task that encompasses all measures taken by a commander to
counter enemy reconnaissance and surveillance efforts. Counterreconnaissance is not a distinct mission, but a
component of all forms of security operations. (FM 3-90) See also tactical mission task.
cover – (Army) 1. Protection from the effects of fires. (ADRP 1-02/MCRP 5-12A) 2. A security task to protect the
main body by fighting to gain time while also observing and reporting information and preventing enemy
ground observation of and direct fire against the main body. (FM 3-90) See also covering force; security
operations. (Marine Corps) 1. A type of security operation that protects the force from surprise, develops the
situation, and gives commanders time and space in which to respond to the enemy’s actions. 2. Offensive or
defensive actions to protect the force. 3. Protection from the effects of direct and indirect fire. It can be provided
by ditches, caves, river banks, folds in the ground, shell craters, buildings, walls, and embankments. (MCRP 512C)
covered approach – 1. Any route that offers protection against enemy fire. 2. An approach made under the
protection furnished by other forces or by natural cover. (FM 3-21.10) See also concealment; cover.
covering force – (Army) A self-contained force capable of operating independently of the main body, unlike a
screen or guard force to conduct the cover task. (FM 3-90) (Marine Corps) A self-contained maneuver force that
operates beyond the range of friendly artillery positioned with the main force. A covering force may
task-organize to include aviation, artillery, tank, reconnaissance, and combat service support, to operate
independently. Unlike a screen or guard force, the covering force is a self-contained force capable of operating
independently of the main body. (MCRP 5-12C)
covering force area – The area forward of the forward edge of the battle area out to the forward positions initially
assigned to the covering forces. It is here that the covering forces execute assigned tasks. Also called CFA.
(FM 3-90) See also covering force; forward edge of the battle area.
covert crossing - The crossing of an inland water obstacle or other gap that is planned and intended to be executed
without detection by an adversary. (ATTP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
covert operation - An operation that is so planned and executed as to conceal the identity of or permit plausible
denial by the sponsor. (ADRP 1-02/MCRP 5-12A)
crabbing - A movement made in free fall to maneuver the canopy at an angle to the direction of the wind. (ATTP
3-18.11)
cranium - The skull minus the mandible. (ATTP 4-46.1)
crest - A narrow, usually prominent ridge of bone. (ATTP 4-46.1)
crime prevention - The anticipation, recognition, and appraisal of a crime risk and the initiation of some action to
remove or reduce it. It is a direct crime control method that applies to before-the-fact efforts to reduce criminal
opportunity, protect potential human victims, and prevent property loss. (ATTP 3-39.10)
criminal intelligence - Criminal intelligence is a category of police intelligence derived from the collection,
analysis, and interpretation of all available information concerning known and potential criminal threats and
vulnerabilities of supported organizations. (ATTP 3-39.20)
crisis state - A nation in which the central government does not exert effective control over its own territory. (FM 307)
critical asset list - A prioritized list of assets that should be protected; it is normally identified by the phase of an
operation and approved by the commander. (FM 3-37)
critical asset security - The protection and security of personnel and physical assets and/or information analyzed
and deemed essential to the operation and success of the mission and the required resources for protection. (FM
3-37)
critical event – An event that directly influences mission accomplishment (ATTP 5-0.1)
critical friendly zone – An area usually a friendly unit or location, which the maneuver commander designates as
critical to the protection of an asset whose loss would jeopardize the mission (ADRP 1-02/MCRP 5-12A)
critical thinking - (Marine Corps) Purposeful and reflective judgment about what to believe or what to do in
response to observations, experience, verbal or written expressions, or arguments. (MCRP 5-12C)
cross-attachment – (Marine Crops) The exchange of subordinate units between units for a temporary period.
(MCRP 5-12C)
cueing — The integration of one or more types of reconnaissance or surveillance systems to provide information
that directs follow-on collecting of more detailed information by another system. (FM 3-90)
crown - That part of the tooth covered by enamel (anatomical). It is the portion of the tooth that is visible in the
mouth (clinical). (ATTP 4-46.1)
cueing - The integration of one or more types of reconnaissance or surveillance systems to provide information that
directs follow-on collecting of more detailed information by another system. (FM 3-90)
culminating point – (Army) That point in time and space at which a force no longer possesses the capability to
continue its current form of operations. (ADRP 3-0)
currency - Paper money in the form of U.S. dollars and foreign banknotes. (FM 1-06)
curtain obscuration – A vertical development of obscuration that reduces the enemy’s ability to clearly see what is
occurring on the other side of the cloud. Visual recognition depends on the curtain width and smoke density.
(FM 3-11.50)
cusp - A conical or cone-shaped elevation on the occlusal surface of the premolars and molars and on the incisal
edge of the canines. (ATTP 4-46.1)
cutaway - A term used for jettisoning the main canopy in the event of a malfunction. (ATTP 3-18.11)
cyber electromagnetic activities – Activities leveraged to seize, retain, and exploit and advantage over adversaries
and enemies in both cyberspace and the electromagnetic spectrum, while simultaneously denying and degrading
adversary and enemy use of the same, and protecting the mission command system. (ADRP 3-0)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
—D—
data – (Army) Unprocessed signals communicated between any nodes in an information system, or sensing
from the environment detected by a collector of any kind (human, mechanical, or electronic). (ADRP 6-0)
daisy chain - Two or more explosive devices wired together so that a single signal will detonate all the munitions at
once. (FM 4-01.45)
debriefing – (Army) The systematic questioning of individuals to procure information to answer specific collection
requirements by direct and indirect questioning techniques. (FM 2-22.3) (Marine Corps) Interviewing of an
individual who has completed an intelligence or reconnaissance assignment or who has knowledge, whether
through observation, participation, or otherwise, of operational or intelligence significance. (MCRP 5-12C)
deception obscuration – Obscuration employed to dceive or mislead the enemy as to the actual activity and/or
intention of United States forces pertaining to the conduct of current or near-term military operations.
(FM 3-11.50) See also marking obscuration; protection obscuration; screening obscuration; self-defense
obscuration; sustained obscuration; temporary obscuration; visual obscuration.
deciduous dentition - The primary (baby) teeth. They are the first to form, erupt, and function. There are 20
deciduous teeth. They are shed and replaced by the permanent dentition. (ATTP 4-46.1)
decision point – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/d/10161.html See ADRP 5-0. (Marine
Corps) An event, area, or point in the battlespace where and when the friendly commander will make a critical
decision. Also called DP. (MCRP 5-12C) See also decision support matrix; decision support template;
wargaming.
decision support matrix – A written record of a war-gamed course of action that describes decision points and
associated actions at those decision points. Also called DSM. (ADRP 5-0) See also decision point; decision
support template; wargaming.
decision support template – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/d/10162.html See ADRP 50 (Marine Corps) A staff product initially used in the wargaming process that graphically represents the
decision points and projected situations, and indicates when, where, and under what conditions a decision is
most likely to be required to initiate a specific activity (such as a branch or sequel) or event (such as lifting or
shifting of fires). Also called DST. (MCRP 5-12C)
decisive action – (Army) The continuous, simultaneous combinations of offensive, defensive, and stability or
defense support of civil authorities tasks. (ADRP 3-0) (Marine Corps) Those actions the commander deems
fundamental to achieving mission success. (MCRP 5-12C)
decisive engagement - An engagement in which a unit is considered fully committed and cannot maneuver or
extricate itself. In the absence of outside assistance, the action must be fought to a conclusion and either won or
lost with the forces at hand. (ADRP 3-90)
decisive operation – The operation that directly accomplishes the mission. (ADRP 3-0). See also battle; battlefield
organization; engagement; major operation; shaping operation; sustaning operation.
decisive point – (DOD) A geographic place, specific key event, critical factor, or function that, when acted upon,
allows commanders to gain a marked advantage over an adversary or contribute materially to achieving success.
See ADRP 3-0 and ADRP 5-0.
decisive terrain – Decisive terrain, when, present, is key terrain whose seizure and retention is mandatory for
successful mission accomplishment. (FM 3-90)
declination constant – the horizontal clockwise angle from grid north to magnetic north; the grid azimuth of
magnetic north. The declination constant is recorded for every instrument equipped with a magnetic needle. The
constant for any instrument will vary in different localities, and the constant of different instruments in the same
locality will also vary. This variation is due to slight differences in manufacturing, to the shock from handling
the instruments during normal use, and to the shift of magnetic north. (FM 6-50)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
deep air support—(Marine Corps) Air action against enemy targets at such a distance from friendly forces that
detailed integration of each mission with fire and movement of friendly forces is not required. Deep air support
missions are flown on either side of the fire support coordination line; the lack of a requirement for close
coordination with the fire and movement of friendly forces is the qualifying factor. Also called DAS. (MCRP 512C)
deep area – In contiguous areas of operations, an area forward of the close area that commander uses to shape
enemy forces before they are encountered or engaged in the close area. (ADRP 3-0).
deep operations – (Marine Corps) Military actions conducted against enemy capabilities that pose a potential threat
to friendly forces. These military actions are designed to isolate, shape, and dominate the battlespace and
influence future operations. (MCRP 5-12C)
defeat – (Army) A tactical mission task that occurs when an enemy force has temporarily or permanently lost the
physical means or the will to fight. The defeated force’s commander is unwilling or unable to pursue his
adopted course of action, thereby yielding to the friendly commander’s will, and can no longer interfere to a
significant degree with the actions of friendly forces. Defeat can result from the use of force or the threat of its
use. (FM 3-90) (Marine Corps) To disrupt or nullify the enemy commander’s plan and overcome his will to
fight, thus making him unwilling or unable to pursue his adopted course of action and yield to the friendly
commander’s will. (MCRP 5-12C) See also decisive point; tactical mission task.
defeat in detail – Concentrating overwhelming combat power against separate parts of a force in sequence rather
than defeating the entire force at once. (ADRP 3-90) See also combat power.
defeat mechanism – The method through which friendly forces accomplish their mission against enemy opposition.
(ADRP 3-0)
defend—A mission assigned to a unit that requires it to destroy an attacking enemy force or stop it from penetrating
the assigned sector or battle position. (FM 3-01.7)
defended asset list - A listing of those assets from the critical asset list, prioritized by the commander, to be
defended with the resources available. (FM 3-37)
defense asset list – A listing of those assets from the critical asset list, prioritized by the commander, to be defended
with the resources available. (FM 3-37)
defense planning - The holistic process by which the commander envisions a desired outcome, lays out effective
ways of achieving it, and communicates to his subordinates his vision, intent, and decisions, focusing on the
results he expects to achieve. (FM 3-01.64)
defense support of civil authorities - (DOD) Represent Department of Defense support of U.S. civil authorities for
domestic emergencies, law enforcement support, and other domestic activities, or from qualifying entities for
special events. Also called DSCA. (DODD 3025.18) See ADP 3-28.
defensive counterspace – Operations conducted to defend against attacks by systems operating in space. Also
called DCS. (FM 3-01)
defensive fires - Fires that protect friendly forces, population centers, and critical infrastructure. (FM 3-09)
defensive operations – (Marine Corps) Operations conducted to defeat an enemy attack, gain time, economize
forces, and develop conditions favorable to offensive and stability operations. The three types of defensive
maneuver are position, mobile, and retrograde. (MCRP 5-12C) See also area defense; mobile defense;
offensive operations; .
defensive task – A task conducted to defeat an enemy attack, gain time, economize forces, and develop conditions
favorable for offensive or stability tasks. (ADRP 3-0)
defilade fire – (Marine Corps) 1. Fire delivered on a target in such a manner that the range pattern of the fall of shot
generally aligns with the short axis of the target. 2. Fire delivered at a rate intentionally less than sustained to
permit adjustment corrections, meet specific tactical requirements, or conserve ammunition. (MCRP 5-12C)
See also enfilade fire.
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
defile – 1. A narrow gorge or pass that tends to prevent easy movement of troops. (FM 7-10) 2. A special movement
circulation control measure conducted to keep traffic moving smoothly through a narrow passageway.
(FM 3-39)
deflection – The horizontal clockwise angle from the line of fire, or the rearward extension of the line of fire, to the
line of sight of a designated aiming point with the vertex of the angle at the sight. In addition to deflection as a
fire command, the firing battery is concerned with both common and referred deflection. (FM 3-09)
degenerative changes - Changes which occur in the human skeleton after the skeleton has finished growth and
development. These changes are basically ones of erosion and general deterioration and ossification of
otherwise soft tissue. (ATTP 4-46.1)
delay – (Marine Corps) A form of retrograde in which a force under pressure trades space for time by slowing the
enemy’s momentum and inflicting maximum damage on the enemy without, in principle, becoming decisively
engaged. (MCRP 5-12C) See also retrograde.
delaying operation – See delay.
delay line – A phase line where the date and time before which the enemy is not allowed to cross the phase line is
depicted as part of the graphic control measure. (FM 3-90) See also control measure; phase line.
delegation of authority – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/d/3692.html See ADRP 6-0.
deliberate attack – (Marine Corps) A fully coordinated operation that is conducted when preparation time is
available for lengthy reconnaissance, precise planning, and rehearsals. Deliberate attacks normally include large
volumes of supporting fires, main and supporting attacks, and deception measures. (MCRP 5-12C)
deliberate crossing – The crossing of an inland water obstacle or other gap that requires extensive planning and
detailed preparations. (ATTP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8)
deliberate defense –(Marine Corps) A defense normally organized when out of contact with the enemy or when
contact with the enemy is not imminent and time for organization is available. (MCRP 5-12C)
deliberate operation – An operation in which the tactical situation allows the development and coordination of
detailed plans, including multiple branches and sequels. Forces are task organized specifically for the operation
to provide a fully synchronized combined arms team. That combined arms team conducts extensive rehearsals
while conducting extensive rehearsals while conducting shaping operations to set the conditions for the conduct
of the force’s decisive operation. (ADP 3-90) See also combined arms team; decisive operation; rehearsal;
shaping operation; task-organizing.
demining – Activities to remove the hazard of all mines and other unexploded explosive munitions from a defined
area. (FM 3-34.210)
demolition obstacle – An obstacle created by using explosives. (ATTP 3-34.80)
demolition plan – Documentation with data required for the preparation of a single demolition. (ATTP 3-34.80)
demonstration –(Marine Corps) Operation designed to divert enemy attention, allowing MAGTF forces to execute
decisive action elsewhere. It is a show of force that threatens an attack at another location but does not make
contact with the enemy. (MCRP 5-12C) See also attack; decisive operation; military deception.
denial operations – Actions to hinder or deny the enemy the use of space, personnel, supplies, or facilities.
(FM 3-90)
dentin (or dentine) - The hard tissue that forms the main body of the tooth. It surrounds the pulp cavity and is
covered by enamel in the anatomical crown. Wear of the occlusal surface of a tooth may expose dentin. (ATTP
4-46.1)
dentition - All the teeth considered collectively in place in the maxilla and mandible. (ATTP 4-46.1)
deny – (Marine Corps) To hinder or prevent the enemy from using terrain, space, personnel, supplies, or facilities.
(MCRP 5-12C)
depot – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/d/3728.html [Note: Army definition does not
include personnel activities.] See also classes of supply. See FM 10-1.
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
design – (Marine Corps) The conception and articulation of a framework for solving a problem. (MCRP 5-12C)
desired effects - The damage or casualties to the enemy or materiel that a commander desires to achieve from an
identical target engagement. Damage effects on materiel are classified as light, moderate, or severe. (FM 3-09)
desired impact point - A desired spot for parachute landings on the drop zone. (ATTP 3-18.11)
destroy – (Army) Destroy is a tactical mission task that occurs when an enemy force has temporarily or
permanently lost the physical means or the will to fight. The defeated force's commander is unwilling or unable
to pursue that individual's adopted course of action, thereby yielding to the friendly commander's will and can
no longer interfere to a significant degree with the actions of friendly forces. Defeat can result from the use of
force or the threat of its use. (FM 3-90) See also reconstitution; tactical mission task. (Marine Corps) 1. To
physically rendering an enemy force combat ineffective unless it can be reconstituted. 2. In the context of defeat
mechanisms, to apply lethal combat power on an enemy capability so that it can no longer perform any function
and cannot be restored to a usable condition without being entirely rebuilt. (MCRP 5-12C)
destruction - (Army) 1. In the context of the computed effects of field artillery fires, destruction renders a target out
of action permanently or ineffective for a long period of time, producing 30-percent casualties or materiel
damage. 2. A type of adjustment for destroying a given target. (FM 3-09)
detachment - A detachment is a tactical element organized on either a temporary or permanent basis for special
duties. (ADRP 3-90)
detachment left in contact – An element left in contact as part of the previously designated (usually rear) security
force while the main body conducts its withdrawal. Also called DLIC. (FM 3-90) See also breakout;
retrograde; withdrawal operation.
detection – (DOD) 1. In tactical operations, the perception of an object of possible military interest but unconfirmed
by recognition. 2. In surveillance, the determination and transmission by a surveillance system that an event has
occurred. 3. In arms control, the first step in the process of ascertaining the occurrence of a violation of an arms
control agreement. 4. In chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear environments, the act of locating
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazards by use of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear
detectors or monitoring and/or survey teams.
diamond formation - A diamond formation is a variation of the box combat formation with one maneuver unit
leading, maneuver units positioned on each flank, and the remaining maneuver unit to the rear. (ADRP 3-90)
diaphysis - The long straight section (shaft) of a long bone. (ATTP 4-46.1)
died of wounds – A hostile or battle casualty who dies after having reached a medical treatment facility. Also called
DOW. (FM 8-55) See also hostile casualty; hostile.
direct approach – The manner in which a commander attacks the enemy’s center of gravity or principal strength by
applying combat power directly against it. (ADRP 3-90)
direct cost - Cost such as labor, material or supplies that can be directly attributed to producing a specific output of
an organization, product or service. Direct costs usually include: Salaries and wages. Direct labor employee
fringe benefits. Consultant services for a product or service. Travel of direct labor employees. Materials,
supplies and equipment purchased directly for consumption by a unit or use on a specific product, program,
contract, product, or service output. Communication costs such as long distance telephone calls identifiable
within a specific award or activity. Various costs associated with office space, equipment, facilities and utilities
that are used exclusively to produce the output. (FM 1-06)
directed obstacle – An obstacle directed by a higher commander as a specified task to a subordinate unit. (ATTP 390.4) See also specified task.
direct fire – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/d/3783.html [Note: the Army definition
includes missile and rocket fire.] See FM 7-20.
direction of attack – (Army) A specific direction or assigned route a force uses and does not deviate from when
attacking. (ADRP 3-90) See also axis of advance; route.
direction of fire - The direction on which a fire unit is laid. The direction of fire represents the direction to the most
significant threat in the target area or to the chart direction to the center of the zone of responsibility or the
target. (FM 3-09)
directive authority for logistics – The Geographical Combatant Commander authority to issue directives for
logistics operations to subordinate commanders to ensure effective execution of approved operation plans,
effectiveness and economy of the operation, and to prevent or eliminate unnecessary facility duplication and
overlapping functions (ADRP 4-0)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
direct pressure force – The direct pressure force is a force employed in a pursuit operation that orients on the
enemy main body to prevent enemy disengagement or defensive reconstitution prior to envelopment by the
encircling force. It normally conducts a series of hasty attacks to slow the enemy’s retirement by forcing him to
stand and fight. (FM 3-90) See also disengage; encircling force; envelopment; hasty attack; reconstitution.
direct support – (Army) A support relationship requiring a force to support another specific force and authorizing it
to answer directly to the supported force’s request for assistance. (ADRP 5-0).
direct support unit – Unit providing supply and maintenance support directly to a using or consuming unit. Also
called DSU. (FM 4-0) See also support.
disarmament – (Army) The collection, documentation, control, and disposal of small arms, ammunition,
explosives, and light and heavy weapons of former combatants, belligerents, and the local populace. (FM 3-07)
disarmed mine – A mine for which the arming procedure has been reversed, rendering the mine inoperative. It is
safe to handle and transport and can be rearmed by simple action. Also, it is a previously armed mine which has
been returned to a safe state. (FM 3-34.210)
disbursing support – Comprised of currency management and procurement support. Currency management
includes supplying U.S. currency, foreign currencies, U.S. Treasury checks and, in some operations receiving
and controlling precious metals (gold and silver). (FM 1-06)
discharge – The accidental or intentional spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, or dumping of a
substance into or on any land or water. (FM 3-34.5)
disengage – (Army) A tactical mission task where a commander has his unit break contact with the enemy to allow
the conduct of another mission or to avoid decisive engagement. (FM 3-90) (Marine Corps) To break contact
with the enemy and move to a point where the enemy cannot observe nor engage the unit by direct fire. (MCRP
5-12C) See also decisive engagement; tactical mission task.
disengagement line – A phase line located on identifiable terrain that, when crossed by the enemy, signals to
defending elements that it is time to displace to their next positions. (ADRP 3-90) See also phase line.
disinformation - Information disseminated primarily by intelligence organizatins or other covert agencies designed
to distort information, or deceive or influence United States decisionmakers, United States forces, coalition
allies, key actors, or individuals by indirect or unconventiaonl means. (FM 3-13)
dismounted marche – Movement of troops and equipment mainly by foot, with limited support by vehicles. Also
called foot march. (FM 3-90)
displace – To leave one position and take another. Forces may be displaced laterally to concentrate combat power in
threatened areas. (FM 6-20-10) See also combat power; delay.
disposal (waste) – The discharge, deposit, injection, dumping, spilling, leaking, or placing of any solid waste or
hazardous waste into or on any land or water. The act is such that the solid waste or hazardous waste, or any
constituent thereof, may enter the environment or be emitted into the air or discharged into any waters,
including ground water. (FM 3-34.5) See also hazardous waste; solid waste.
disrupt – 1. A tactical mission task in which a commander integrates direct and indirect fires, terrain, and obstacles
to upset an enemy’s formation or tempo, interrupt his timetable, or cause his forces to commit prematurely or
attack in piecemeal fashion. 2. Disrupt is also an obstacle effect that focuses fire planning and obstacle effort to
cause the enemy force to break up its formation and tempo, interrupt his timetable, commit breaching assets
prematurely, and attack in a piecemeal effort. (FM 3-90) (Marine Corps) To integrate fires and obstacles to
break apart an enemy’s formation and tempo, interrupt his timetable, or cause premature commitment or the
piecemealing of his forces. (MCRP 5-12C)
dissemination –(Marine Corps) Conveyance of intelligence to users in a suitable form. (MCRP 5-12C)
distal - Farthest from the axial skeleton or further away from the origin of a structure. A term usually used for the
limb bones. For example, the distal humerus articulates with the (proximal) ulna and radius. The distal tooth
surface is the surface farthest from the midline. (ATTP 4-46.1)
distribution – (Army) The operational process of synchronizing all elements of the logistics system to deliver the
right things to the right place and right time to support the geographic combatant commander. (ADRP 4-0)
distribution management – The function of synchronizing and coordinating a complex of networks (physical,
communications, information, and resources) and the sustainment WFF (logistics, personnel services, and HSS)
to achieve responsive support to operational requirements. (ADRP 4-0)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
division –The Army’s primary echelon for conducting desisive action. (FM 3-90) Also called div.
dogleg - A term used to describe calculations when the directional difference in winds is 90 degrees or more at two
consecutive altitudes. (ATTP 3-18.11)
double envelopment - Simultaneous maneuvering around both flanks of a designated enemy force. (FM 390/MCWP 3-10)
dorsal - The back side of the body, also known as posterior. The term “dorsal” also refers to the top of the foot and
the back of the hand. (ATTP 4-46.1)
doubtful – In artillery, mortar, and naval fire support, a term used by an observer or spotter to indicate that he was
unable to determine the difference in range between the target and a round or rounds. (FM 6-30) See also fire
support.
drop – (NATO) In artillery and naval fire support, a correction used by an observer/spotter to indicate that a
decrease in range along a spotting line is desired. [Note: the Army definition also applies to mortar fire.] See
FM 6-30. (Army) Parachute jump, individual or in mass, or supply delivery by parachute from an aircraft in
flight, or the act of making such a jump or delivery. (FM 90-26) See also fire support.
drop zone - A specific area upon which airborne troops, equipment, or supplies are airdropped. Also called DZ.
(ATTP 3-18.11)
drop zone elevation - The actual physical (ground) altitude of the DZ, in feet MSL, obtained from topographic
maps or a global positioning system (GPS). (ATTP 3-18.11)
drop zone safety officer - The officer responsible for the conduct of operations on the drop zone. Also called
DZSO. (ATTP 3-18.11)
droplet precautions – Standard precautions plus: Placing the patient in a private room or with someone with the
same infection. If not feasible, maintaining at least 3 feet between patients. Using a mask when working within
3 feet of the patient. Limiting movement and transport of the patient. Using a mask on the patient if he needs
to be moved. (FM 8-284)
—E—
early-entry command post – A lead element of a headquarters designed to control operations until the remaining
portions of the headquarters are deployed and operational. (ATTP 5-0.1) See also command post; main
command post; tactical command post.
echelon formation – A unit formation with subordinate elements arranged on an angle to the left or to the right of
the direction of attack (echelon left, echelon right). This formation provides for firepower forward and to the
flank of the direction of the echelon. It facilitates control in open areas. It provides minimal security to the
opposite flank of the direction of the echeloning. (ADRP 3-90)
echelons above corps – Army headquarters and organizations that provide the interface between the theater
commander (joint or multinational) and the corps for operational matters. Also called EAC. (ADRP 102/MCRP 5-12A)
economic analysis – A detailed report identifying all the financial aspects of a specific geographical area and the
effect that US forces presence and spending will have on that area is provided to a commander in order to make
decisions on applying the economic instrument of power. (FM 1-06)
economy - The application of the minimal amount of resources necessary to accomplish the mission within
acceptable levels of risks. (FM 1-06)
economy of force – (Marine Corps) The allocation of minimum-essential combat capability to supporting efforts,
with attendant degree of risk, so that combat power may be concentrated on the main effort. Economy of force
is used to describe a principle of war and a condition of tactical operations; it is not used to describe a mission.
(MCRP 5-12C) See also combat power; decisive operation; main effort.
ectocranial - The outer surface of the cranial vault. (ATTP 4-46.1)
edentulous - Without teeth. It may refer to the loss of all the maxillary and/or mandibular teeth. The alveolar
process shows no sockets for the teeth as bone growth has totally “filled in” the sockets. (ATTP 4-46.1)
electronic countermeasures—That division of electronic warfare involving actions taken to ensure friendly
effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum despite the enemy’s use of electronic warfare. (FM 3-01.7)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
electronic funds transfer - EFT is a method of electronically transferring and depositing funds utilizing bank
account routing information –reducing the need for cash or checks in theater. The use of EFT in lieu of manual
processes substantially reduces the amount of cash or check in the theater AOR by electronically transferring
payments due to Soldiers and vendors to a predetermined bank account. This enables the recipient to receive the
payment in a timely manner while at the same time reducing the processing cost of the manual payment process
(postage, paper check stock and storage costs). (FM 1-06) Also called EFT.
electro-optical device – A device that detects targets by converting electromagnetic radiation (visible, infrared,
microwave) given off by the target into electric current. This device can detect targets not visible to the naked
eye. (FM 3-11.50)
emergency management – A subset of incident management and concerns the coordination and integration of all
activities necessary to build, sustain, and improve the capability to prepare for , protect against, respond to,
recover from, or mitigate against other manmade disasters. (FM 3-11)
eminence - A bony projection that is usually not as prominent as a process. (ATTP 4-46.1)
enamel - The white mineralized tissue that covers the dentin of the anatomical crown of the tooth. (ATTP 4-46.1)
encirclement – (Marine Corps) The loss of freedom of maneuver resulting from enemy control of all ground routes
of evacuation and reinforcement. (MCRP 5-12C) See also breakout; isolate; line of comunications; linkup.
encirclement operations – (Army) Operations where one force loses its freedom of maneuver because an opposing
force is able to isolate it by controlling all ground lines of communications and reinforcement. (ADRP 3-90)
encircling force – In pursuit operations, the force which maneuvers to the rear or flank of the enemy to block his
escape so that he can be destroyed between the direct pressure force and encircling force. This force advances
or flies along routes parallel to the enemy’s line of retreat. If the encircling force cannot outdistance the enemy
to cut him off, the encircling force may also attack the flank of a retreating enemy. (FM 3-90/MCRP 5-12C) See
also block; destroy; direct pressure force; envelopment;.
endangered species – Those species designated by the Secretary of the Interior that are in danger of extinction
throughout all or a significant portion of their range. (FM 3-34.5) See also threatened species.
endocranial - The inner surface of the cranial vault. (ATTP 4-46.1)
end state – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/e/9647.html See ADRP 3-0.
enemy – A party identified as hostile against which the use of force is authorized. (ADRP 3-0)
enemy combatant – A person engaged in hostilities against the United States or its coalition partners during and
armed confilict. (FM 1-04)
enemy prisoner of war – A detained person who, while engaged in combat under orders of his or her government,
was captured by the armed forces of the enemy. Also called EPW. (FM 3-39.40) See also operational
environment.
engagement – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/e/4022.html See ADP 3-0.
engagement area – An area where the commander intends to contain and destroy an enemy force with the massed
effects of all available weapons and supporting systems. Also called EA. (FM 3-90) See also contain; destroy.
engagement criteria – Protocols that specify those circumstances for initiating engagement with an enemy force.
(FM 3-90) See also decision point; engagement; engagement area.
engagement operations - Those activities required to execute the air, missile, and counter-surveillance battles. (FM
3-01)
engagement priority – Specifies the order in which the unit engages enemy systems or functions. (FM 3-90)
engineer disciplines – The interdependent fields of focus within the Engineer Regiment. The three engineer
disciplines are combat, general, and geospatial engineering. (FM 3-34)
engineer regulating point – Checkpoint to ensure that vehicles do not exceed the capacity of the crossing means
and to give drivers final instructions on site-specific procedures and information, such as speed and vehicle
interval. Also called ERP. (ATTP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8)
engineer work line – A coordinated boundary or phase line used to compartmentalize an area of operations (AO) to
indicate where specific engineer units have primary responsibility for the engineer effort. It may be used at
division level to discriminate between an AO supported by division engineer assets and an AO supported by
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
direct support or general support corps engineer units. Also called EWL. (FM 3-34) See also area of
operations; boundary; direct support; general support; phase line.
envelopment – (Army) A form of maneuver in which an attacking force seeks to avoid the principal enemy
defenses by seizing objectives behind those defenses that allow the targeted enemy force to be destroyed in their
current positions. (ADP 3-90) (Marine Corps) 1. An offensive maneuver in which the main attacking force
passes around or over the enemy’s principal defensive positions to secure objectives to the enemy’s rear. 2. In
mechanized tactics, it normally requires a base of fire element and a bounding element. (MCRP 5-12C) See
also destroy; interdict; maneuver; seize.
environmental area of interest – An environmentally sensitive area that may be deemed worthy of special
consideration because of its unique and important qualities relative to adjacent areas (for example, the only
forest within a large region), or the importance of its natural environment function (for example, a wetland,
flood plains, permafrost area, or an endangered species critical habitat). The environmental area of interest
includes man-made structures, such as waste water treatment plants and dams. (FM 3-34.5)
environmental assessment – A study to determine if significant environmental impacts are expected from a
proposed action. Also called EA. (FM 3-34.5)
environmental baseline survey – (Army) An assessment or study done on an area of interest (a property) in order
to define the environmental state or condition of that property prior to use by US forces. Used to determine the
environmental impact of property use by US forces, and the level of environmental restoration needed prior to
returning the property upon US departure. (FM 3-34.5) See also environmental assessment.
environmental compliance – The unconditional obeying of international, foreign nation, federal, state, and local
environmental rules, regulations, and guidelines that affect current operations. (FM 3-34.5)
environmental conditions report – A concise summary of environmental conditions at a base camp site, based on
the environmental baseline survey, supported by maps and backup documents, prepared by base camp
commanders for each base camp. The environmental conditions report documents conditions at the site if claims
or other legal challenges arise against the government. Also called ECR. (FM 3-34.5) See also environmental
baseline survey.
environmental ethic – Taking care of the environment because it is the right thing to do. This ethic is the operating
principle and value that governs individual Soldiers, units, and the Army. (FM 3-34.5)
environmental hazards – All activities that may pollute, create negative noise-related effects, degrade
archeological/cultural resources, or negatively affect threatened or endangered species habitats. They also
include environmental health-related hazards. (FM 3-34.5) See also endangered species.
environmental impact statement – Detailed description of the effects, impacts, or consequences associated with
designing, manufacturing, testing, operating, maintaining, and disposing of weapon systems or automated
information systems. Under the National Environmental Policy Act, an environmental impact statement is
required when cultural resources may be damaged or significantly adversely affected. (FM 3-34.5)
environmental noise – The outdoor noise environment consisting of all noise (including ambient noise) from all
sources that extend beyond, but do not include, the workplace. (FM 3-34.5)
environmental performance assessment system – The examination of an installation’s environmental program
review to identify possible compliance deficiencies. It also includes designing corrective action plans and
implementing fixes for identified deficiencies. Also called EPAS. (FM 3-34.5) See also environmental
compliance.
environmental planning – Efforts that consider the impact of operation, training, exercises, or weapon system
introduction on the environment, and, where necessary, allow decisionmakers to take early action to eliminate
or mitigate those impacts. (FM 3-34.5)
environmental pollution – The condition resulting from the presence of chemical, mineral, radioactive, or
biological substances that alter the natural environment or that adversely affect human health or the quality of
life, biosystems, the environment, structures and equipment, recreational opportunities, aesthetics, or natural
beauty. (FM 3-34.5)
environmental protection – The application of human ingenuity and resources, through the disciplines of science
and engineering, as required by environmental protection laws, regulations, and policies, to protect the natural
environment. (FM 3-34.5)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
environmental protection level – The varying level of environmental protection that can reasonably be afforded at
any particular time during military operations, given the absolute requirement that such a diversion of resources
away from the mission at hand does not adversely affect that mission, or any friendly personnel, or indigenous
or refugee populations. (FM 3-34.5)
environmental reconnaissance – The systematic observation and recording of site or area data collected by visual
or physical means, dealing specifically with environmental conditions as they exist, and identifying areas that
are environmentally sensitive or of relative environmental concern, for information and decision-making
purposes. (FM 3-34.5)
environmental service – The various combinations of scientific, technical, and advisory activities (including
modification processes such as the influence of man-made and natural factors) required to acquire, produce, and
supply information on the past, present, and future states of space, atmospheric, oceanographic, and terrestrial
surroundings for use in military planning and decisionmaking processes or to modify those surroundings to
enhance military operations. (FM 3-34.5)
epidemic – a disease that is present in human population, or in an animal population that is transmittabel to humans,
but has a very low mobidity rate, (FM 8-284)
epiphyseal closure - The fusion of the epiphysis with the diaphysis that occurs during adolescence. (ATTP 4-46.1)
epiphysis (singular); epiphyses (plural) - The end of a long bone that is originally separated from the diaphysis by
a layer of cartilage but that later becomes united to the diaphysis through ossification. (ATTP 4-46.1)
epizootic – A disease that is only present in an animal population for limited periods, but has a high morbidity rate.
(FM 8-284)
equivalent altitude - The MSL altitude for a location, derived from the standard atmosphere pressure-altitude curve,
which corresponds to the prevailing ambient pressure at that location. This parameter is computed by the
barometric calculator and is used to bring locations with different atmospheric pressure variations to the same
reference point. Depending on the prevailing pressure, equivalent altitude may be higher or lower than the
actual ground elevation. Equivalent altitudes may be negative for locations at or near sea level. The equivalent
altitude of any location may also be determined using an aviation altimeter by adjusting its barometric
correction counter to the standard setting of 29.92 (no correction) and reading the altitude directly. (ATTP 318.11)
essential element of friendly information – (Army) A critical aspect of a friendly operation that, if known by the
enemy, would subsequently compromise, lead to failure, or limit success of the operation and therefore should
be protected from enemy detection. (ADRP 5-0) (Marine Corps) Specific facts about friendly intentions,
capabilities, and activities needed by adversaries to plan and execute effective operations against our forces.
Also called EEFI. (MCRP 5-12C) See also commander’s critical information requirement.
essential task – (Army) A specified or implied task that must be executed to accomplish the mission.
(ATTP 5-0.1) See also implied task; specified task. (Marine Corps) Specified or implied tasks that define
mission success and apply to the force as a whole. The mission statement is derived from the essential tasks.
etiologic – Cause of the disease/illness. (FM 8-284)
evacuation – (Army) A support function that involves the movement of recovered materiel, personnel, casualties,
remains, prisoners of war, and so forth from a forward collection point along a main supply route to a rearward,
usually higher unit, exchange point, or facility. (FM 4-0) See also main supply route; noncombatant;
noncombatant evacuation operations.
evaluating - Using criteria to judge progress toward desired conditions and determining why the current degree of
progress exists. (ADRP 5-0)
event template – A model against which enemy [Note: Army changes “enemy” to “threat”] activity can be
recorded and compared. It represents a sequential projection of events that relate to space and time on the
battlefield and indicate the enemy’s ability to adopt a particular course of action. The event template is a guide
for collection and reconnaissance and surveillance planning. (FM 2-01.3/MCRP 2-3A/MCRP 5-12C) See also
area of interest; decision support template; named area of interest; situation template.
execution – Putting a plan into action by applying combat power to accomplish the mission. (ADP 5-0) See also
adjustment decision; combat power; execution decision; situational understanding.
execution matrix – A visual and sequential representation of the critical tasks and responsible organizations by
time. (ADRP 5-0)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
exfiltrate - A tactical mission task where a commander removes Soldiers, Marines, or units from areas under
enemy control by stealth, deception, surprise, or clandestine means. (FM 3-90)
explicit knowledge – Written or otherwise documented knowledge that can be organized or stored, whether digital
(such as computer files) or nondigital (such as paper). (FM 6-01.1)
exploit – (Marine Corps) To take full advantage of success in battle and follow up initial gains to disorganize the
enemy in depth. (MCRP 5-12C)
exploitation – (Army) An offensive task – usually following the conduct of a successful attack - designed to
disorganize the enemy in depth. (ADP 3-90) (Marine Corps) An offensive operation following a successful
attack that is designed to disorganize the enemy in depth. It extends the initial success of the attack by
preventing the enemy from disengaging, withdrawing, and reestablishing an effective defense. . (MCRP 5-12C)
See also attack; offensive operations.
explosive hazards – Any hazard containing an explosive component. All explosive hazards currently encountered
on the battlefield can be broken down into five categories: unexploded explosive ordnance and ammunition,
booby traps, improvised explosive devices, captured enemy ammunition, and bulk explosives. Also called EH.
(FM 3-34.210).
exposure – The frequency and length of time subjected to a hazard. (FM 5-19)
exterior lines - Lines on which a force operates when its operations converge on the enemy. (ADRP 3-0)
external support contracts – Prearranged contracts or contracts awarded during the contingency from contracting
organizations whose contracting authority does not derive directly from the contingency operation or system
support contracting authority. (ATTP 4-10)
—F—
facial (or labial) - The surface toward the lips (outside) in the anterior dentition and toward the cheeks in the
posterior dentition. The terms “facial” and “labial” are used interchangeably. However, the term “facial” is used
in this manual for consistency in charting dental remains. (ATTP 4-46.1)
farside objective – A defined location on the far side of an obstacle that an assaulting force seizes to eliminate
enemy direct fires and observed indirect fires onto a reduction area or a crossing site to prevent the enemy from
interfering with the reduction of the obstacle and allow follow-on forces to move securely through the created
lanes. It can be oriented on the terrain or on an enemy force. (ATTP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8)
feint –(Marine Corps) An offensive action involving contact with the enemyto deceive him about the location or
time of the actual main offensive action. Feints are used to cause the enemy to react in three predictable ways:
to employ reserves improperly, to shift supporting fires, or to reveal defensive fires. . (MCRP 5-12C) See also
attack; decisive engagement; decisive operation; demonstration; military deception.
field force engineering - (Army) The application of the Engineer Regiment’s capabilities from the three engineer
disciplines (although primarily general engineering) to support full spectrum operations through both reach
back and forward presence. (FM 3-34)
field maintenance - Maintenance characterized by the replacement or repair of components on or near the system
and returning the system to the user. (ATTP 4-33)
field ordering officer - A service member or DOD civilian who is appointed in writing and trained by a contracting
officer who is authorized to spend government money in support of forces and/or designated civil military
operations (also known as FOO). (ATTP 4-10)
field services – Essential services to enhance a Soldier’s quality of life during operations. (ADRP 4-0)
fields of fire – The area that a weapon or group of weapons may cover effectively from a given position. (FM 3-90)
field trains – The sustainment portion of a unit at company, battalion, and brigade level that is positioned in the
brigade support area with the forward support battalion and other support elements pushed forward from the
division main support battalion. (FM 3-90) See also brigade support area; unit trains.
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
final coordination line – (Army) A phase line close to the enemy position used to coordinate the lifting or shifting
of supporting fires with the final deployment of maneuver elements. (FM 3-90) (Marine Corps) A line used to
coordinate the ceasing and shifting of supporting fires and the final deployment of the assault echelon in
preparation for launching an assault against an enemy position. Also called FCL. (MCRP 5-12C) See also
assault echelon; phase line.
final protective fire - (DOD) An immediately available prearranged barrier of fire designed to impede enemy
movement across defensive lines or areas. See FM 3-09.
final protective line – A line of fire selected where an enemy assault is to be checked by interlocking fire from all
available weapons and obstacles. [Note: the Marine Corps definition adds “A final protective line may be
parallel with, or oblique to, the front of the position.”]. (ADRP 1-02/MCRP 5-12C) Also called FPL. See also
field of fire; final protective fire.
finance operations – The execution of the joint financial management mission to provide financial advice and
guidance, support the procurement process, provide pay support, and provide banking and disbursing support.
(FM 1-06)
financial management – Is the sustainment of U.S. Army, joint, interagency, interdepartmental, and multi-national
operations through the execution of two mutually supporting core functions, resource management (RM) and
finance operations (FO). These two functions are comprised of the following core competencies: fund the force,
banking and disbursing support, pay support, accounting support and cost management, Financial Management
planning and operations, and management internal controls. (FM 1-06)
fire and maneuver – (Marine Corps) The process of one or more elements establishing a base of fire to engage the
enemy, while the other element(s) maneuver to an advantageous position from which to close with and destroy
or capture the enemy. . (MCRP 5-12C) Note: This is not a Marine Corps warfigthing function.
fire and movement – (Army) The concept of applying fires from all sources to suppress, neutralize, or destroy the
enemy, and the tactical movement of combat forces in relation to the enemy (as components of maneuver,
applicable at all echelons). At the squad level, it entails a team placing suppressive fire on the enemy as another
team moves against or around the enemy. (FM 3-90.6) (Marine Corps) A technique primarily used in the
assault wherein a unit or element advances by bounds or rushes, with supplements alternately moving and
providing covering fire for other moving subelements. Fire and movement may be done by individuals
(personnel or vehicles) or units (such as fire teams or squads). Usually, fire and movement is used only when
under effective fire from the enemy because it is relatively slow and difficult to control. (MCRP 5-12C) Note:
This is not a Marine Corps warfighting function. See also bounding overwatch; destroy; maneuver;
neutralize; support by fire; suppress; suppressive fire.
fire mission - 1. The specific assignment given to a fire unit as part of a definite plan. 2. An order used to alert the
weapon/battery area and indicate that the message following is a call for fire. (FM 3-09)
fire plan - A tactical plan for using the weapons of a unit or formation so that their fire will be coordinated. (FM 309)
fires – (Marine Corps) Those means used to delay, disrupt, degrade, or destroy enemy capabilities, forces, or
facilities as well as affect the enemy’s will to fight. Fires is one of the six warfighting functions. See
warfighting functions. (MCRP 5-12C)
fire strike – The massed, synchronized, and nearly simultaneous delivery of precision-guided munitions. (FM 3-90)
fire superiority – That degree of dominance in the fires of one force over another that permits that force to conduct
maneuver at a given time and place without prohibitive interference by the enemy. (FM 3-90) See also
maneuver.
fire support – (Marine Corps) Assistance to elements of the Marine air-ground task force engaged with the enemy
rendered by other firing units, including (but not limited to) artillery, mortars, naval surface fire support, and
offensive air support. (MCRP 5-12C) See also combined arms; fire support plan; Marine air-ground task
force.
fire support coordinator – (Army) The Army brigade combat team’s organic fires battalion commander; if a fires
brigade is designated as the division force artillery headquarters, the fires brigade commander is the division’s
fire support coordinator and is assisted by the chief of fires who then serves as the deputy fire support
coordinator during the period the force field artillery headquarters is in effect. Also called FSCOORD (ADRP
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
3-09) (Marine Corps) The officer in charge of the fire support coordination center. He is the direct
representative of the landing force commander for the planning and coordination of all available fire support.
Also called FSC. (MCRP 5-12C) See also fire support.
fire support coordination line - (DOD) fire support coordination measure that is established and adjusted by
appropriate land or amphibious force commanders within their boundaries in consultation with superior,
subordinate, supporting, and affected commanders. Fire support coordination lines facilitate the expeditious
attack of surface targets of opportunity beyond the coordinating measure. A fire support coordination line does
not divide an area of operations by defining a boundary between close and deep operations or a zone for close
air support. The fire support coordination line applies to all fires of air, land, and sea-based weapon systems
using any type of ammunition. Forces attacking targets beyond a fire support coordination line must inform all
affected commanders in sufficient time to allow necessary reaction to avoid fratricide. Supporting elements
attacking targets beyond the fire support coordination line must ensure that the attack will not produce adverse
effects on, or to the rear of, the line. Short of a fire support coordination line, all air-to-ground and
surface-to-surface attack operations are controlled by the appropriate land or amphibious force commander. The
fire support coordination line should follow well-defined terrain features. Coordination of attacks beyond the
fire support coordination line is especially critical to commanders of air, land, and special operations forces. In
exceptional circumstances, the inability to conduct this coordination will not preclude the attack of targets
beyond the fire support coordination line. However, failure to do so may increase the risk of fratricide and could
waste limited resources. Also called FSCL. See FM 3-09.
fire support coordination measure - (DOD) A measure employed by commanders to facilitate the rapid
engagement of targets and simultaneously provide safeguards for friendly forces. Also called FSCM. See FM 309.
fire support officer - (Army) A field artillery officer from company to theater Army level responsible for either
advising the commander or assisting the chief of fires/brigade fire support officer to advise the maneuver
commander on fire support matters. (ADRP 3-09)
fire support plan – A plan on how indirect fires and target acquisition will be used to support an operation. It
should include a portion for each means of fire support involved. (FM 3-09) See also counterfire; fire support;
fire support coordination; list of targets.
fire support planning - The continuing process of analyzing, allocating, and scheduling fires. The planning process
describes how fires are used to facilitate the actions of the maneuver force. It involves the positioning of field
artillery units and identifies the types of targets to attack, identifies the collection assets that acquire and track
targets, specifies the fire support assets to attack each identified target, and establishes the criteria for target
defeat. (FM 3-09)
fire support team - (Army) 1. A field artillery team organic to each maneuver battalion and selected units to plan
and coordinate all available company supporting fires, including mortars, field artillery, naval surface fire
support and close air support integration. (ADRP 3-09)
fire Unit - The smallest group of personnel and equipment capable of conducting a complete engagement from
detection through destruction. In Patriot and THAAD, a firing battery is a fire unit, although a fire unit less than
a firing battery can be deployed and employed (for example, as a minimal engagement capability package
during early entry operations). In a Surface Launched Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile, a firing
platoon is a fire unit. An Avenger platform satisfies the term “fire unit” by itself. (FM 3-01.64)
fires warfighting function – The related tasks and systems that provide collective and coordinated use of Army
indirect fires, air and missile defense, and joint fires through the targeting process. (ADRP 3-0)
fiscal triad - The Fiscal Triad illustrates the legally-binding process that governs the critical path between
contracting and FM for acquisition management, internal controls, and fiscal law prescribed for the procurement
process. FM, contracting and legal counsel (SJA fiscal lawyer) comprise a system that fulfills the full spectrum
of required fiscal support, from the acquisition and certification of funds, to the legal review of the proposed
contracting action, to the contracting for goods and services, and finally to the disbursing and accounting of
public funds. (FM 1-06)
five/twenty-five meter scan - From position, begin scanning out 5 meters and increase out to 25 meters. Also called
a 5/25-meter scan. (FM 4-01.45)
fix – (Army) A tactical mission task where a commander prevents the enemy from moving any part of his force
from a specific location for a specific period. Fix is also an obstacle effect that focuses fire planning and
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
obstacle effort to slow an attacker’s movement within a specified area, normally an engagement area. (FM 3-90)
(Marine Corps) To prevent the enemy from moving any part of his forces, either from a specific location or for
a specific period of time, by holding or surronding them to prevent their withdrawal for use elsewhere. (MCRP
5-12C) See also block; contain; disrupt; support by fire; tactical mission task; turn.
fixed price contract – (DOD) A type of contract that generally provides for a firm price or, under appropriate
circumstances, may provide for an adjustable price for the supplies or services being procured. See ATTP 4-10.
flank – The right or left limit of a unit. (ADRP 3-90)
flank guard – (Marine Corps) A security element operating to the flank of a moving or stationary force to protect it
from enemy ground observation, direct fire, and surprise attack. See also screen; security operations. (MCRP
5-12C)
flanking attack - A form of offensive maneuver directed at the flank of an enemy. (FM 3-90)
flanking position – A geographical location on the flank of the force from which effective fires can be placed on
that flank. (ADRP 3-90)
fog oil – Petroleum compounds of selected molecular weight and composition to facilitate formation of obscuration
by atomization or combustion. (FM 3-11.50)
follow and assume – A tactical mission task in which a second committed force follows a force conducting an
offensive operation and is prepared to continue the mission if the lead force is fixed, attrited, or unable to
continue. (FM 3-90) See also attack; fix; follow and support; offensive operations; tactical mission task.
follow and support – A tactical mission task in which a committed force follows and supports a lead force
conducting an offensive operation. (FM 3-90) See also direct pressure force; encircling force; exploitation;
follow and assume; offensive operations; tactical mission task.
follow-on echelon –Those additional forces moved into the objective area after the assault echelon. (FM 3-90) See
also air assault operation; assault echelon.
follow-on forces – (Marine Corps) All enemy ground forces not committed during their offensive operations to the
contact battle, their command and control installations, and their logistic and other support provided for
sustained operations. (MCRP 5-12C)
fontanelle - A membranous space between the cranial bones (the “soft spot”) in fetal life and infancy. There are
numerous fontanelles, including the anterior, posterior, mastoid, and sagittal fontanelle. (ATTP 4-46.1)
foramen - A round or oval hole, an opening. The foramen magnum is the large hole in the base of the skull through
which the spinal cord passes. (ATTP 4-46.1)
force continuum—(Marine Corps) The wide range of possible actions ranging from voice commands to application
of deadly force that may be used to gain and maintain control of a potentially dangerous situation. (MCRP
5-12C)
force development - The determination of capability requirements for doctrine, organizations, training, materiel,
leadership and education, personnel, and facilities. (FM 1-01)
force field artillery headquarters - If one is designated by the supported commander, a force field artillery
headquarters is normally the senior field artillery headquarters organic, assigned, attached, or placed under the
operational control of that command. The supported commander specifies the commensurate responsibilities of
the force field artillery headquarters and, if necessary, the duration of those responsibilities. (ADRP 3-09)
force health protection – (Army) Encompasses measures to promote, improve, conserve or restore the mental or
physical well-being of Soldiers. These measures enable a healthy and fit force, prevent injury and illness, and
protect the force from health hazards. These measures also include the prevention aspects of a number of Army
Medical Department functions (preventive medicine, including medical surveillance and occupational and
environmental health surveillance; veterinary services, including the food inspection and animal care missions,
and the prevention of zoonotic disease transmissible to man; combat and operational stress control; dental
services (preventive dentistry); and laboratory services [area medical laboratory support]) (ATTP 4-02).
force integration - The synchronized, resource-constrained execution of an approved force development program,
including the introduction, incorporation, and sustainment of doctrine, organizations, training, materiel,
leadership and education, personnel, and facilities; coordination and integration of operational and managerial
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
systems collectively designed to improve the effectiveness and capability of forces; and knowledge and
consideration of the potential implications of decisions and actions taken within the execution process. (FM 101)
force management - A process involving decisionmaking and the execution of a range of operations, including
concept development, capabilities requirements generation, force development, organizational development,
force integration functions, and resourcing, resulting in the development of a capable operational force with
constrained resources. (FM 1-01)
force operations - Those activities required to plan, coordinate, prepare, and sustain the total air and missile defense
mission. (FM 3-01)force protection – (Marine Corps) Actions or efforts used to safeguard own centers of gravity
while protecting, concealing, reducing, or eliminating friendly critical vulnerabilities. Force protection is one of
the six warfighting functions. See warfigting functions (MCRP 5-12C).
force protection - (Marine Corps) Actions or efforts used to safeguard own centers of gravity while protecting,
concealing, reducing, or eliminating friendly critical vulnerabilities. Force protection is one of the six
warfighting functions. See warfigting functions (MCRP 5-12C).
force sustainment—(Marine Corps) Capabilities, equipment, and operations that ensure continuity, freedom of
action, logistic support, and command and control. (MCRP 5-12C)
force tailoring – The process of determining the right mix of forces and the sequence of their deployment in support
of a joint force commander. (ADRP 3-0)
ford – A shallow part of a body of water or wet gap that can be crossed without bridging, boats, ferries, or rafts. It is
a location in a water barrier where the physical characteristics of current, bottom, and approaches permit the
passage of personnel, vehicles, and other equipment where the wheels or tracks remain in contact with the
bottom at all times. (ATTP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8)) See also gap; river crossing.
forensic anthropologist - A specialist in the human skeletal system. He has advanced training in human anatomy
and all aspects of the human skeleton. He combines his knowledge of human anatomy and the human skeleton
to evaluate skeletonized or partially skeletonized remains in a legal context. (ATTP 4-46.1)
forms of maneuver - Distinct tactical combinations of fire and movement with a unique set of doctrinal
characteristics that differ primarily in the relationship between the maneuvering force and the enemy. (ADRP 390)
forward boundary - A boundary of an echelon that is primarily designated to divide responsibilities between it and
its next higher echelon (FM 3-90)
forward edge of the battle area – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/f/4324.html See
ADRP 1-02/MCRP 5-12A.
forward line of own troops – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/f/4326.html See ADRP 102/MCRP 5-12A.
forward logistics base – The area occupied by multifunctional forward logistics elements of a support battalion,
group, or command when it echelons its assets to provide critical support to combat forces. The base may be the
first stage of the development of the support area. Also called FLB. (ADRP 4-0)
forward passage of lines – When a unit passes through another unit’s positions while moving toward the enemy.
Also called FPOL. (FM 3-90) See also passage of lines; rearward passage of lines.
fragmentary order – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/f/4338.html See ATTP 5-0.1.
fragile state - A country that suffers from institutional weaknesses serious enough to threaten the stability of the
central government. (FM 3-07)
fratricide - The unintentional killing of friendly personnel by friendly firepower. (FM 3-37)
free-fire area – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/f/79.html See FM 3-90. .
frequency assignment - A specific frequency or frequencies for use by a radio station under specified conditions.
(FM 6-02.70)
frequency band - A range of radio frequencies. (FM 6-02.70)
friendly force information requirement – (DOD) Information the commander and staff need to understand to
understand the status of friendly and supporting capabilities. See ADRP 5-0. (Marine Corps) Information the
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
commander needs about friendly forces in order to develop plans and make effective decisions. Depending upon
the circumstances, information on unit location, composition, readiness, personnel status, and logistic status
could become a friendly force information requirement. Also called FFIR. (MCRP 5-12C) See also
commander’s critical information requirement.
frontal attack – (Army) A form of maneuver in which the attacking force seeks to destroy a weaker enemy force or
fix a larger enemy force in place over a broad front. (ADRP 3-90) (Marine Corps) An offensive maneuver in
which the main action is directed against the front of the enemy forces. (MCRP 5-12C) See also destroy; fix;
offensive operations.
full cost - Full cost is the sum of all costs, regardless of funding source, required by a cost object - to include all
direct materials, direct labor, and support activity costs – to produce or provide a product, service, customer, or
outcome. Full cost includes the costs of resources consumed that contribute directly or indirectly to the output
and the costs of supporting services. Full cost information helps users determine relevant costs of specific
activities, goods and services. (FM 1-06)
fully mission capable - A condition in which the equipment can perform all its combat missions for which it was
designed without endangering the life of the crew. (FM 4-30.31)
fund the force - The critical capability within the FM competency resource management that matches legal and
appropriate sources of funds with thoroughly vetted and validated requirements. (FM 1-06)
fuse/fusion (or union) - When the epiphyses of the bones unite (ossify) to their respective elements. This term is
used interchangeably with the term epiphyseal closure. (ATTP 4-46.1)
—G—
GA – See g-series nerve agents.
gap – (Army) 1. An area free of armed mines or obstacles whose width and direction allow a friendly force to pass
through the area containing obstacles while dispersed in a tactical formation. (ADRP 1-02/MCRP 5-12A)
(Army/Marine Corps) 2. Any break or breach in the continuity of tactical dispositions or formations beyond
effective small arms coverage. Gaps (soft spots, weaknesses) may in fact be physical gaps in the enemy’s
disposition, but they also may be any weakness in time, space, or capability; a moment in time when the enemy
is overexposed and vulnerable, a seam in an air defense umbrella, an infantry unit caught unprepared in open
terrain, or a boundary between two units. 3. A ravine, mountain pass, river, or other terrain feature that presents
an obstacle that may be bridged. (ATTP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8) See also lane.
gap crossing – The projection of combat power across a linear obstacle (wet or dry gap). (ATTP 3-90.4/MCWP
3-17.8)
gap crossing operation – A mobility operation consisting of river crossing, brigade-level crossing, and special
gap-crossing operations conducted to project combat power across a linear obstacle (wet or dry gap).
(ATTP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8)
GB – See g-series nerve agents.
GD – See g-series nerve agents.
general engineering – The engineer discipline that is focused on affecting terrain while not in close support to
maneuver forces that are in close combat. (FM 3-34) (Marine Corps) Intensive effort by engineer units that
involves high standards of design and construction as well as detailed planning and preparation. It is that wide
range of tasks in rear areas that serves to sustain forward combat operations. (MCRP 5-12C)
general support – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/g/4394.html See ADRP 5-0.
general support artillery – Artillery which executes the fire directed by the commander of the unit to which it
organically belongs or is attached. It fires in support of the operation as a whole rather than in support of a
specific subordinate unit. [Note: the Army considers this a tactical artillery mission.] Also called GSA. See also
attach; general support-reinforcing; reinforcing. See FM 3-90.
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
general support-reinforcing – (Army) A support relationship assigned to a unit to support the force as a whole and
to reinforce another similar-type unit. (ADRP 5-0)
generating force - Those Army organizations whose primary mission is to generate and sustain the operational
Army’s capabilities for employment by joint commanders. (ADP 1)
geospatial engineering – The engineer discipline that is focused on applying geospatial information to improve
understanding of terrain for military operations. (FM 3-34)
geospatial information – (Army) Foundation information upon which all other information about the physical
environment is referenced to form the common operational picture. (ATTP 3-34.80) See also common
operational picture.
geospatial intelligence - (DOD) The exploitation and analysis of imagery and geospatial information to describe,
assess, and visually depict physical features and geographically referenced activities on the Earth. Geospatial
intelligence consists of imagery, imagery intelligence, and geospatial information. Also called GEOINT. See
ADRP 2-0.
glide - A position used to permit forward movement to prevent collision with other parachutists. Parachutists bring
the hands toward the shoulders. They do not break the arch in their back. They extend their legs slightly.
(ATTP 3-18.11)
global ballistic missile defense - USSTRATCOM defines GBMD as defensive measures designed to destroy,
nullify, or reduce the effectiveness of adversary ballistic missile attacks that cross COCOM AOR boundaries
and require coordination or integration among the affected combatant commands. Coordinate the employment
of GBMD and strike forces to defeat limited ballistic missile attacks in all phases of flight, or prior to their
launch, and defend US deployed forces, friends, and allies. (FM 3-27)
governance – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/g/20175.html See FM 3-07. (Marine Corps)
The process, systems, institutions, and actors that enable a state to function. (MCRP 5-12C)
graphic control measure – A symbol used on maps and displays to regulate forces and warfighting functions.
(ADRP 6-0)
grappling hook – A multipurpose tool that is used for manual obstacle reduction. Soldiers use it to detonate mines
from a standoff position by activating trip wires and anti-handling devices. (ATTP 3-90.4)
Greenwich Mean Time – See Universal Time.
grid azimuth – An angle of direction referenced to grid north. It differs from true azimuth by the amount of the grid
convergence. (FM 3-25.26) See also azimuth; grid convergence; true azimuth.
grid coordinates – (Army) The easting and northing values (of a grid) that designate the location of a point in
respect to the grid. Coordinates usually are expressed to the nearest 100, 10, or 1 meter, with the easting and
northing values combined into a single expression. Examples: NK 329378 (nearest 100 meters); NK 32943785
(nearest 10 meters); or NK 3294837853 (nearest 1 meter). (FM 3-25.26)
gross anatomy - Deals with the naked-eye appearance of tissues and organs. (ATTP 4-46.1)
ground combat element – (Marine Corps) The core element of a Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) that is
task-organized to conduct ground operations. It is constructed around an infantry organization but can vary in
size from a small ground unit of any type to one or more Marine divisions that can be independently
maneuvered under the direction of the MAGTF commander. It includes appropriate ground combat and combat
support forces, and in a joint or multinational environment, it may contain other Service or multinational forces
assigned or attached to the MAGTF. The ground combat element itself is not a formal command. Also called
GCE. (MCRP 5-12C) See also aviation combat element; command element; Marine air-ground task force;
logistics combat element; Marine expeditionary force; Marine expeditionary force (Forward); Marine
expeditionary unit; special purpose Marine air-ground task force.
ground tactical plan – An airborne or air assault operational plan that specifies actions in the objective area to
ultimately accomplish the mission and addresses subsequent operations. (FM 3-97.6) See also air assault
operation; landing plan.
groundwater – A body of water, generally within the boundaries of a watershed, that exists in the internal
passageways of porous geological formations (aquifers) and which flows in response to gravitational forces.
(FM 3-34.5) See also surface water.
grouping - A technique used to enable parachutists to fall together in the air, remain together under canopy, and
land as a compact tactical unit. (ATTP 3-18.11)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
g-series nerve agents – A series of fluorine- or cyanide-containing organophosphate nerve agents (organophosphate
derivatives of phosphoric acid). In their unmodified state they are colorless, volatile liquids. Examples are tabun
(GA), sarin (GB), soman (GD), and GF. (FM 3-11.9)
guard –(Army) A security task to protect the main force by fighting to gain time while also observing and reporting
information and to prevent enemy ground observation of and direct fire against the main body. Units conducting
a guard mission cannot operate independently because they rely upon fires and functional and multifunctional
support assets of the main body. (FM 3-90) (Marine Corps) To protect the main force by fighting to gain time
while also observing and reporting information. (MCRP 5-12C) See also cover; delay; flank guard; screen;
security operations.
guide ring - A ring attached to the rear risers through which the control lines pass. (ATTP 3-18.11)
gun-target line – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/g/4499.html See FM 6-30.
gun truck - A vehicle where the primary weapon system is a crew-served weapon with a 360-degree field of fire
capability and usually hardened for protection of vehicle and crew. (FM 4-01.45)
—H—
handover line – (Marine Corps) 1. A control measure, preferably following easily defined terrain features, at which
responsibility for the conduct of combat operations is passed from one force to another. 2. A predetermined
location, normally a phase line designated as a handover line, where control of the battle is transferred to the
main battle force. (MCRP 5-12C)
hang fire – (Army) Temporary failure or delay in the action of a primer, an igniter, or a propelling charge.
(FM 6-50)
hardening – The act of using natural or man-made materials to protect personnel, equipment, or facilities.
(FM 5-103)
hasty attack – In land operations, an attack in which preparation time is traded for speed in order to exploit an
opportunity. See also attack; deliberate attack; movement to contact. See FM 3-90.
hasty crossing – The crossing of an inland water obstacle or other gap using the crossing means at hand or those
readily available, and made without pausing for elaborate preparations. (ATTP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8)
hasty defense – (Marine Corps) A defense normally organized while in contact with the enemy or when contact
with the enemy is imminent and time for organization is limited. (MCRP 5-12C)
hasty operation – An operation in which a commander directs his immediately available forces, using fragmentary
orders to perform activities with minimal preparation, trading planning and preparation time for speed of
execution. (ADP 3-90) See also fragmentary order.
hazard communication – The responsibility of leaders and supervisors concerning possible hazards in the
workplace and notification of hazards and necessary precaution to their Soldiers. Also called HAZCOM.
(FM 3-34.5)
hazard marker – A marker used to indicate explosive hazards when signs are not available or when local
conditions prevent their effective use; for example, when the local population repeatedly removes signs.
(FM 3-34.210)
hazard sign – A manufactured, permanent, or semi permanent notice giving information in a written and/or
symbolic form which, when placed as part of a hazard-marking system, is designed to provide a warning to
military personnel and the local population of the presence of explosive hazards. The words should represent
the predominant hazard (mines, unexploded explosive ordnance, or booby traps), and the symbol should
indicate “danger” in a form that will be recognized nationally and locally. (FM 3-34.210)
hazardous material – Any substance which has a human health hazard associated with it. Special storage, use,
handling, and shipment safety procedures and protocols must be followed to help protect against accidental
exposure. Hazardous materials are specifically identified under federal law. Also called HAZMAT.
(FM 3-34.5)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
hazardous substances – Elements, compounds, mixtures, solutions, and substances that, when released into the
environment, may present a substantial danger to public health and welfare or the environment. (FM 3-34.5)
hazardous waste – A solid waste which is either listed as such in federal law or exhibits any of the four hazardous
characteristics—ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity. (FM 3-34.5) See also solid waste; waste.
hazardous waste accumulation site – A specially designated site for the temporary collection of hazardous wastes
where no container may remain on site for more than 90 days. The site, and containers within it, must be
properly marked and certain safety and management procedures apply. There is no limitation on the quantity of
wastes which may be kept on site. (FM 3-34.5) See also hazardous waste.
head - The large, rounded articular end of a long bone, such as in the head of the humerus and the head of the femur.
(ATTP 4-46.1)
head of the contracting activity – (DOD) The official who has overall legal responsibility for managing the
contracting activity. See ATTP 4-10.
head wind – Wind blowing away from the obscuraion objective/target and directly toward the obscuration source.
(FM 3-11.50) See also quartering wind; tail wind.
health service support – (Army) Health service support encompasses all support and services performed, provided,
and arranged by the Army Medical Department to promote, improve, conserve, or restore the mental and
physical well-being of personnel in the Army. Additionally, as directed, provide support in other Services,
agencies, and organizations. This includes casualty care (encompassing a number of Army Medical Department
functions—organic and area medical support, hospitalization, the treatment aspects of dental care and
behavioral/neuropsychiatric treatment, clinical laboratory services, and treatment of chemical, biological,
radiological, and nuclear patients), medical evacuation, and medical logistics (ATTP 4-02).
health threat – (Army) An individual soldier’s health, to include hereditary conditions that manifest themselves in
adulthood, individual exposure to an industrial chemical or toxin where others are not exposed, or other injuries
and traumas that affect an individual’s health rather than the health of the unit. (ATTP 4-02)
herbicide – chemical compounds used to kill/damage plants. They can be used to dry foliage, stimulate/inhibit plant
growth, or sterilize soil. (FM 3-11.11)
hexachloroethane smoke - Hexachloroethane smoke (often referred to as HC smoke) is produced by burning a
mixture containing roughly equal parts of HC and zinc oxide and approximately 6% granular aluminum. The
toxicity of HC smoke is attributed to the production of zinc chloride. HC smoke composition is used as filler in
various types of obscuration devices (smoke-obscuration pots and hand grenades) and munitions (artillery shells
and mortar cartridges); has a sharp, acid odor; is toxic if released in sufficient quantities in enclosed places; and
the obscuration is cool burning when contrasted to white phosphorus. (FM 3-11.50)
head wind - Wind blowing away from the obscuration objective/target area and directly toward the obscuration
source. (FM 3-11.50)
high-angle fire - High-angle fire is fire delivered at elevations greater than the elevation of maximum range of the
gun and ammunition concerned. Range decreases as the angle of elevation increases. (FM 3-09)
high-risk repair - Battle damage assessment and repair that may lead to further damage to equipment and/orinjury
to personnel. (FM 4-30.31)
high-payoff target - (DOD) A target whose loss to the enemy will significantly contribute to the success of the
friendly course of action. High-payoff targets are those high-value targets that must be acquired and
successfully attacked for the success of the friendly commander’s mission. Also called HPT. See FM 3-60.
high-value individual – A high-value individual is a person of interest (friendly, adversary, or enemy) who must be
identified, surveilled, tracked and influenced through the use of information or fires. A high-value individual
may become a high-payoff target that must be acquired and successfully attacked (exploited, captured, or killed)
for the success of the friendly commander’s mission. (FM 3-09)
high-value target - (DOD) A target the enemy commander requires for the successful completion of the mission.
The loss of high-value targets would be expected to seriously degrade important enemy functions throughout
the friendly commander’s area of interest. Also called HVT. See FM 2-01.3/MCRP 2-3A and FM 3-60.
highway regulation – The planning, routing, and scheduling, of ground traffic to deconflict the use of highways and
facilitate movement. (FM 4-01.30) See also alternate supply route; main supply route.
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
holding - A term used when the canopy is pointed directly into the wind (as opposed to crabbing or running).
(ATTP 3-18.11)
holding area – A waiting area that forces use during traffic interruptions or deployment from an aerial or sea port of
embarkation. (FM 3-39) See also assembly area; attack helicopter; battle position; pickup zone; river
crossing; seaport of embarkation.
holding line – In retrograde gap-crossing operations, the outer limit of the area established between the enemy and
the water obstacle to preclude direct and observed indirect fires into the crossings. (ATTP 3-90.4) See also
direct fire; retrograde; river crossing.
homeland defense – (DOD) The protection of United States sovereignty, territory, domestic population, and critical
defense infrastructure against external threats and aggression or other threats as directed by the President. See
ADRP 3-0.
horizontal (or transverse) - Anatomical plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts.
Unlike the coronal and sagittal planes, this plane can pass through the body at any height. (ATTP 4-46.1)
hostile criteria – Description of conditions under which an aircraft or a vehicle may be identified as hostile for
engagement purposes. (FM 3-01.7) See also rules of engagement.
host-nation support – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/h/4628.html See ADRP 4-0.
hot side - The side of a vehicle that is taking fire. (FM 4-01.45)
h-series agents – A series of persistent blister agents that include distilled mustard (HD) and the nitrogen mustards.
(FM 3-11)
human intelligence – (Army) The collection by a trained human intelligence collector of foreign information from
people and multimedia to identify elements, intentions, composition, strength, dispositions, tactics, equipment,
and capabilities. (FM 2-22.3) Also called HUMINT. See also intelligence.
human resource support – A sustainment function that maximizes operational effectiveness and facilitates support
to Soldiers, Department of Defense civilians, and contractors authorized to accompany the force. Human
resource support includes personnel readiness management; personnel accountability; strength reporting;
personnel information management; casualty operations; essential personnel services, band support, postal
operations; reception, replacement, return-to-duty, rest and recuperation, and redeployment operations; morale,
welfare, and recreation; and human resource planning and staff operations. (ADRP 4-0)
human resource sustainment center – A multifunctional, modular organization (staff element) assigned to a
Theater Sustainment Command that provides human resources support to the theater. (FM 4-0)
hybrid challenge— (Marine Corps) 1. The blurring of conventional war, irregular challenges, terrorism, and
criminality. 2. The simultaneous and adaptive employment of a tailored mix of conventional weapons, irregular
tactics, terrorism, and criminal behavior to obtain political objectives. This can be a state actor, a nonstate
entity, or combination thereof. (MCRP 5-12C)
hybrid threat – The diverse and dynamic combination of regular forces, irregular forces, terrorist forces, and/or
criminal elements unified to achieve mutually benefitting effects. (ADRP 3-0)
hydrolysis – The reaction of a compound with water whereby decomposition of the substance occurs. (FM 3-11.9)
—I—
identification, friend or foe on/off line – A theater-directed phase line where aircraft involved in operations
forward of the fire support coordination line turn off the aircraft identification friend or foe transponder en route
to the target and turn on the transponder after completing the mission. Also called IFF on/off line. (FM 3-01)
See also fire support coordination line; phase line.
impact point – A point on the ground where the parachutist should land. (ATTP 3-18.11)
implied task – (Army) A task that must be performed to accomplish a specified task or mission, but is not stated in
the higher headquarters order. (ATTP 5-0.1) See also essential task; specified task.
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
implied tasks – (Marine Corps) Tasks derived from a mission order that, while not specifically stated, must be
completed to accomplish the overall mission. (MCRP 5-12C)
improvisation - The ability to adapt operations and plans for Financial Management to changing situations and
missions. (FM 1-06)
incendiary – A compound that generates sufficient heat to cause the target to catch fire or causes melting or burning
of equipment. (FM 3-11)
incisal - The biting edge of the anterior teeth. (ATTP 4-46.1)
independent government estimate - An estimate of the cost/price for goods and/or services to be procured by
contract. (IGE is also referred to as an Independent Government Cost Estimate or IGCE.) (ATTP 4-10)
indications and warning - (DOD) Those intelligence activities intended to detect and report time-sensitive
intelligence information on foreign developments that could involve a threat to the United States or allied and/or
coalition military, political, or economic interests or to US citizens abroad. It includes forewarning of hostile
actions or intentions against the United States, its activities, overseas forces, or allied and/or coalition nations.
Also called I&W. See ADRP 2-0.
indicator – (DOD) In intelligence usage, an item of information which reflects the intention or capability of an
adversary to adopt or reject a course of action. See ADRP 2-0. (Army) In the context of assessment, an Item of
information that provides insight into a measure of effectiveness or measure of performance. (ADRP 5-0) See
also intelligence.
indirect approach – The manner in which a commander attacks the enemy’s center of gravity by applying combat
power against a series of decisive points while avoiding enemy strength . (ADRP 3-90)
indirect cost - Indirect cost is a cost that cannot be directly attributed to the production of the organization’s
product or service output. Indirect costs are typically fixed costs, and overhead costs. Indirect costs are not
usually affected by changes in output levels. They represent the expenses of doing business that are not readily
identified with a particular grant, contract, project function or activity, but are necessary for the general
operation of the organization and the activities it performs. Examples of indirect costs include utilities, and
support personnel (e.g., comptrollers, supervisors). These costs are usually assigned or allocated based on their
relationship to output. (FM 1-06)
indigenous populations and institutions – The civilian construct of an area of operations, to include its population
(legal citizens, legal and illegal immigrants, and all categories of dislocated civilians), governmental, tribal,
commercial, and private organizations and entities. Also called IPI. (FM 3-57)
individual initiative – The willingness to act in the absence of orders, when existing orders no longer fit the
situation, or when unforeseen opportunities or threats arise. (ADRP 3-0)
individual streamer – The initialphase of an obscuration cloud, before the streamers from the point sources merge.
See also buildup phase; terminal phase; uniform phase. (FM 3-11.50)
infantry battalion — (Marine Corps) A ground combat organization consisting of a headquarters and service
company, a weapons company, and three or four rifle companies. It is the basic tactical unit within the Marine
Corps and is organized and structured to plan, conduct, and control ground operations to include the integration
and terminal direction of aviation support of the ground battle. When required, rifle companies can be
reinforced with tank, light armored, assault amphibian, and/or combat engineer units. Infantry battalions fight
the battle as subordinate organizations of the infantry regiment or as the ground combat element of a Marine
expeditionary unit. The battalion is foot mobile unless reinforced. To perform its role in combat, it requires air
defense and aviation support from Marine aviation and service support from a combat service support
organization. (MCRP 5-12C)
infantry regiment — (Marine Corps) A ground combat organization consisting of a headquarters company and
three infantry battalions. The regiment is organized and structured to plan, conduct, and control ground combat
operations to include the integration and terminal direction of aviation support for the ground battle.
Subordinate units, when reinforced, can be organized into effective forces of combined arms. Infantry regiments
fight as a subordinate organization of a Marine division or as the ground combat element of a Marine brigade-
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
sized unit. The regiment is foot mobile unless reinforced. To perform its combat role, it requires air defense and
aviation support from Marine aviation and service support from a combat service support organization. (MCRP
5-12C)
inferior. - Closer to the feet. Reference point is the horizontal plane. (ATTP 4-46.1)
infiltration – (Army) A form of maneuver in which an attacking force conducts undetected movement through or
into an area occupied by enemy forces to occupy a position of advantage in the enemy rear while exposing only
small elements to enemy defensive fires. (FM 3-90) (Marine Corps) A form of maneuver in which friendly
forces move through or into an area or territory occupied by either friendly or enemy troops or organizations.
The movement is made, either by small groups or by individuals, at extended or irregular intervals. When used
in connection with the enemy, it implies that contact is to be avoided. (MCRP 5-12C)
infiltration lane – A control measure that coordinates forward and lateral movement of infiltrating units and fixes
fire planning responsibilities. (ADRP 3-90) See also infiltration.
inform and influence activities – The integration of designated information-related capabilities in order to
synchronize themes, messages and actions with operations to inform United States and global audiences,
influence foreign audiences, and affect adversary and enemy decisionmaking. (ADRP 3-0)
information - (DOD) The meaning that a human assigns to data by means of the known conventions used in their
representation. See ADRP 6-0.
information collection – An activity that synchronizes and integrates the planning and employment of sensors and
assets as well as the processing, exploitation, and dissemination of systems in direct support of current and
future operations. (FM 3-55)
information environment - (DOD) The aggregate of individuals, organizations, and systems that collect, process,
disseminate, or act on information. See FM 3-13.
Information fratricide - Information fratricide is the result of employing information related capabilities in a way
that causes effects in the information environment that impede or adversely affect friendly forces. (FM 3-13)
information management – (Army) The science of using procedures and information systems to collect, process,
store, display, disseminate, and protect data, information, and knowledge products. (ADRP 6-0) See also
situational understanding.
information protection – Those active or passive measures used to safeguard and defend friendly information and
information systems. (ADRP 6-0)
Information-related capabilities - Information-related capabilities are capabilities, techniques or activities
employing information, in order to effect any of the three dimensions within the information environment to
generate an end(s). (FM 3-13)
information requirement – (DOD) In intelligence usage, those items of information regarding the adversary and
other relevant aspects of the operational environment that need to be collected and processed in order to meet
the intelligence requirements of a commander. See ADRP 2-0. (Army) Any information elements the
commander and staff require to successfully conduct operations. (ADRP 6-0) See also commander’s critical
information requirement.
Information system – (Army) Equipmentthat collects, processes, stores, displays, and disseminates information.
This includes computers, hardware and software, and communications, as well as policies and procedures for
their use. (ADP 6-0)
infrared obscurant – Obscurant whose employment is intended to defeat proper operation and/or performance in
line-of-sight sensory equipment and electro-optical devices associated with weapon system and equipment
capabilities that require access to wavelengths of military significance located within the infrared portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum (mid- through far-infrared), specifically the 3 through 12 micron range. (FM 3-11.50)
See also artificial obscurant; by-product obscurant; millimeter wave obscuration; multispectral
obscurant; natural obscurant; obscurant; special obscurant; visual obscurant.
infrastructure – The basic underlying framework or feature of a thing: in economics, basic resources,
communications, industries, and so forth, upon which others depend; in insurgency, the organization (usually
hidden) of insurgent leadership. (FM2-01.3//MCRP 2-3A)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
initial response force – (Army) A unit designated by the commander to respond to threat attacks or emergency
situations. The initial response force is typically task-organized for the specific threat or incident to which it is
tasked to respond and may include military police; firefighters; chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear
personnel; and medical personnel.. (FM 3-39)
initiation of procurement action - That point in time when the approved document requesting procurement and
citing funds is forwarded to the procuring activity. (ATTP 4-10)
inland waterways – All navigable inland waterways such as rivers, lakes, inland channels, and canals.
(FM FM 55-60)
inoculum – The amount of microorganisms introduced into a host. (FM 8-284)
insertion – 1. Placement of troops and equipment into an operational area in air assault operations. 2. Placement of
observation posts, patrols, or raiding parties by helicopter, parachute, watercraft, or other means. Stealth is
normally desired in the execution of an insertion. (FM 3-01.7) See also air assault operation; observation
post; raid.
instrument of economic power - The establishment of fiscal policies at the strategic and operational levels that
impact currency, banking, electronic commerce, local purchasing, employment opportunities, infrastructure
projects, the utilization of natural resources, grants, and loans (i.e. all things financial) in a theater of operations
in order to achieve a desired effect for the commander. (FM 1-06)
institutional training domain - The Army’s institutional training and education system, which primarily includes
training base centers and schools that provide initial training and subsequent professional military education for
Soldiers, military leaders, and Army civilians. (ADP 7-0)
intelligence - (DOD) The product resulting from the collection, processing, integration, evaluation, analysis, and
interpretation of available information concerning foreign nations, hostile or potentially hostile forces or
elements, or areas of actual or potential operations. The term is also applied to the activity which results in the
product and to the organizations engaged in such activity. See ADRP 2-0. (Marine Corps) Knowledge about
the enemy or the surrounding environment needed to support decisionmaking. Intelligence is one of the six
warfighting functions. See warfighting functions. (MCRP 5-12C).
intelligence analysis - The process by which collected information is evaluated and integrated with existing
information to facilitate intelligence production. (ADRP 2-0)
intelligence discipline – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/i/291.html [Note: The Army has
eight major disciplines, with all-source intelligence the eighth discipline] (FM 2-0)
intelligence operations – The tasks and actions undertaken by military intelligence organizations and Soldiers to
obtain information to satisfy validated requirements. (ADRP 2-0)
intelligence preparation of the battlefield – (Army) A systematic process of analyzing and visualizing the portions
of the mission variables of threat/adversary, terrain, weather, and civil considerations in a specific area of
interest and for a specific mission. By applying intelligence preparation of the battlefield/battlespace,
commanders gain the information necessary to selectively apply and maximize operational effectiveness at
critical points in time and space. Also called IPB. (FM 2-01.3/MCRP 2-3A)
intelligence preparation of the battlespace — (Marine Corps) The systematic, continuous process of analyzing the
threat and environment in a specific geographic area. (MCRP 5-12C)
intelligence reach – A process by which intelligence organizations proactively and rapidly access information from,
receive support from, and conduct direct collaboration and information sharing with other units and agencies,
both within and outside the area of operations, unconstrained by geographic proximity, echelon, or command.
(ADRP 2-0)
intelligence requirement – (Army) A type of information requirement developed by subordinate commanders and
the staff (including subordinate staffs) that requires dedicated information collection for the elements of threat,
terrain and weather, and civil considerations. (ADRP 2-0)
intelligence requirements - (Marine Corps) Questions about the enemy and the environment, the answers to which
a commander requires to make sound decisions. (MCRP 5-12C)
intelligence synchroniation - The art of integrating information collection and intelligence analysis with operations
to effectively and efficiently support decisionmaking. (ADRP 2-0)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
intelligence warfighting function – The related tasks and systems that facilitate understanding of the enemy,
terrain, and civil considerations. (ADRP 3-0). Also see warfighting function.
interagency coordination – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/i/8145.html See ADRP 3-0.
intergovernmental organization – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/i/18135.html See
ADRP 3-0. It may be established on a global, regional, or functional basis for wide-ranging or narrowly
defined purposes. Formed to protect and promote national interests shared by member states. Examples include
the United Nations, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and the African Union. Also called IGO.
interdict – A tactical mission task where the commander prevents, disrupts, or delays the enemy’s use of an area or
route. (FM 3-90) See also delay; disrupt; tactical mission task. (Marine Corps) To divert, disrupt, delay, or
destroy the enemy’s surface military potential before it can be used effectively against friendly forces. (MCRP
5-12C)
interior lines - Lines on which a force operates when its operations diverge from a central point. (ADRP 3-0)
intermediate point – An intermediate point is a point established between TPs that are more than 50 meters apart.
The distance between survey markers on the perimeter of a hazardous or cleared area must not exceed 50
meters. Intermediate point survey markers must be used between turning points that are more than 50 meters
apart to ensure that the direction between the points is on a known fixed line that can be easily and accurately
followed. Intermediate point survey markers will be made of permanent or semi permanent material and buried
or driven into the ground. Buried metal objects will be used to reinforce the marking of all intermediate points
for permanent future reference. (FM 3-34.210)
intermediate staging area – A general locality between the marshaling area and the objective of an airborne or
air-landed force. The force or parts thereof pass through it after mounting for refueling, regrouping the aircraft,
redistributing personnel and equipment, inspection, and exercises preparatory to an airborne or air-landed
assault. (FM 55-60)
intermediate staging base – (DOD) A tailorable, temporary location used for staging forces, sustainment and/or
extraction into and out of an oprational area. Also called ISB. See ADRP 3-0.
internment and resettlement operations – Conducted by military police to shelter, sustain, guard, protect, and
account for populations (detainees or dislocated civilians) as a result of military or civil conflict, natural or
man-made disaster, or to facilitate criminal prosecution. Internment involves the detainment of a population or
group that pose some level of threat to military operations. Resettlement involves the quartering of a population
or group for their protection. These operations inherently control the movement and activities of their specific
population for imperative reasons of security, safety, or intelligence gathering. See also interned. (FM 3-39.40)
interoperability – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/i/4931.html See ADP 3-0.
interorganizational coordination – (DOD) The interaction that occurs among elements of the Department of
Defense; engaged United States Government agencies; state, territorial, local, and tribal agencies; foreign
military forces and government agencies; intergovernmental organizations; nongovernmental organizations; and
the private sector. See ADRP 3-0.
interorganizational partners - Term used when referring collectively to other government agencies (OGAs),
intergovernmental organization (IGOs), nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and multinational forces.
(FM 1-06)
interrogation (intelligence) – (Army) HUMINT interrogation is the systematic process of using approved
interrogation approaches to question a captured or detained person to obtain reliable information to satisfy
intelligence requirements, consistent with applicable law and policy. [Note: HUMINT Interrogation is to be
conducted by personnel trained and certified to use legal, approved methods of convincing EPWs/detainees to
give their cooperation]. (FM 2-22.3)
interview – A nonstructured discussion, where opened-ended questions are asked to determine facts about an
incident or crime. (ATTP 3-39.10)
in-theater reconstitution - The collective name for those extraordinary actions that commanders take to restore
units to a desired level of combat effectiveness commensurate with mission requirements and available
resources. (FM 4-0)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
in-transit visibility collection point – A point where an in-transit visibility device is placed for the purpose of
recording in-transit visibility information on units, unit equipment, or sustainment cargo. (FM 10-1)
inversion – An increase of air temperature with increase in altitude (the ground being colder than the surrounding
air). When an inversion exists, there are no convection currents and wind speeds are below 5 knots. The
atmosphere is stable and normally is considered the most favorable state for ground release of chemical agents.
See also lapse; neutral; smoke haze. (ATTP 3-11.36)
isolate – A tactical mission task that requires a unit to seal off—both physically and psychologically—an enemy
from his sources of support, deny an enemy freedom of movement, and prevent an enemy unit from having
contact with other enemy forces. (FM 3-90) See also encirclement; tactical mission task.
—J—
jamming – (Army) The deliberate radiation or reflection of electromagnetic energy to prevent or degrade the
receipt of information by a receiver. It includes communications and noncommunications jamming.
(FM 3-01.7)
joint theater air and missile defense—All measures and means designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of
surveillance and attacks against the joint force by air and missile threats. (FM 3-01.7)
jump commands - The commands given by the jumpmaster to the parachutists on his sortie to control the
parachutists’ actions between the 2-minute warning and exit. (ATTP 3-18.11)
jumpmaster - The assigned airborne-qualified individual who controls parachutists from the time they enter until
they exit. (ATTP 3-18.11)
jumpmaster personnel inspection - An inspection by the military free-fall jumpmaster similar to that of the staticline jumpmaster to ensure all safety requirements have been met. Also called JMPI. (ATTP 3-18.11)
—K—
key tasks – Those activities the force must perform as a whole to achieve the desired end state. (ADRP 5-0)
key terrain - (DOD) Any locality, or area, the seizure or retention of which affords a marked advantage to either
combatant. See FM 2-01.3/MCRP 2-3A.
kill box – A three-dimensional fire support coordination measure used to facilitate the expeditious air-to-surface
lethal attack of targets, which may be augmented by or integrated with surface-to-surface indirect fires.
(FM 3-09.34)
kill evaluation - Determination by operators or weapon systems software whether an interceptor has successfully
destroyed a target. (FM 3-27)
kill zone – That part of an ambush site where fire is concentrated to isolate, fix, and destroy the enemy. See also
ambush; destroy; fix; isolate. (FM 3-90/MCRP 5-12C)
knowledge – Information analyzed to provide meaning and value or evaluated as to implications for the operations.
It is also comprehension gained through study, experience, practice, and human interaction that provides the
basis for expertise and skilled judgment. (FM 6-01.1)
knowledge creation – The process of developing new knowledge or combining, restructuring, or repurposing
existing knowledge in response to identified knowledge gaps. (FM 6-01.1)
knowledge management – The process of enabling knowledge flow to enhance shared understanding, learning, and
decisionmaking. (ADRP 6-0)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
—L—
landpower – The ability—by threat, force, or occupation—to gain, sustain, and exploit control over land, resources,
and people. (ADRP 3-0)
lane – A route through, over, or around an enemy or friendly obstacle that provides safe passage of a passing force.
The route may be reduced and proofed as part of a breaching operation, constructed as part of the obstacle, or
marked as a bypass. (ATTP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8) (Marine Corps) A clear route through an obstacle. A lane for
foot troops is a minimum of one meter in width and may be further expanded. A foot lane is marked with
tracing tape along its center line. A single lane for vehicles is a minimum of eight meters in width; a double lane
is at least 15 meters in width. Vehicle lanes are marked by any means available. (MCRP 5-12C)
LanWarNet – The Army’s portion of the Global Information Grid. (FM 6-02.71)
lapse – A marked decrease in air temperature with increasing altitude because the ground is warmer than the
surrounding air. This condition usually occurs between 1100 and 1600 hours, local time, when the skies are
clear. Strong convection currents exist during lapse conditions. For chemical operations, the state is defined as
unstable and is normally considered the most unfavorable for the release of chemical agents. See also
inversion; neutral. (3-11.36)
lateral - Away from the midline. Reference point is the sagittal plane. (ATTP 4-46.1)
lateral boundaries – These are boundaries that extend from the rear boundary to the unit’s forward boundary.
(FM 3-90)
latest time information is of value – The time by which an intelligence organization or staff must deliver
information to the requestor in order to provide decisionmakers with timely intelligence. This must include the
time anticipated for processing and disseminating that information as well as for making the decision. Also
called LTIOV. (FM 2-01.3/MCRP 2-3A)
latest time intelligence is of value – (Marine Corps) The time by which information must be delivered to the
requestor in order to provide decisionmakers with timely intelligence. (MCRP 5-12C)
law and order operations – Encompass policing and the associated law enforcement activities to control and
protect populations and resources to facilitate the existence of a lawful and orderly environment. (FM 3-39)
law enforcement – Those activities performed by personnel authorized by legal authority to compel compliance
with, and investigate violations of, laws, directives, and punitive regulations. (FM 3-39)
law enforcement interogation – The systematic effort by law enforcement investigators to prove, disprove, or
corroborate information relevant to a criminal investigation using direct questioning in a controlled
environment. (ATTP 3-39.10)
law enforcement patrol – A patrol element of trained law enforcement personnel tasked to enforce laws,
regulations, and other applicable directives; maintain order; apprehend offenders; protect personnel and
resources; and obtain relevant police information. (ATTP 3-39.10)
law enforcement sensitive – Information or intelligence that is obtained for, processed through, or managed by law
enforcement organizations. It is essential that these data are restricted to law enforcement channels, unless
otherwise directed by competent authority. See also criminal intelligence. (FM 3-39.20)
lawful enemy combatant – A person entitled to protection under the Geneva Conventions, combatant immunity,
and immunity from prosecution for lawful acts as a belligerent. (FM 3-39.40)
law of armed conflict – See law of war.
law of war – (Army) Also called the law of armed conflict - is that part of international law that regulates the
conduct of armed hostilities (FM 27-10)
leadership – The process of influencing people by providing purpose, direction, and motivation to accomplish the
mission and improve the organization. (ADP 6-22)
least separation distance – The minimum distance that a desired ground zero must be separated from an object to
ensure no more than a 10 percent chance of damage with a 99 percent assurance. It is the sum of the radius of
preclusion and the buffer distance. Also called LSD. See also minimum safe distance. (FM 100-30)
letter of authorization – (DOD) A document issued by the procuring contracting officer or designee that
authorizes contractor personnel authorized to accompany the force to travel to, from, and within the operational
area; and, outlines government furnished support authorizations within the operational area. (ATTP 4-10)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
.
lewisite – A blister agent (an arsenical vesicant) used as a moderately delayed-action casualty agent with a
persistency somewhat shorter than HD (distilled mustard). It produces effects similar to mustard, although
unlike mustard, it produces immediate pain. (FM 3-11)
L-hour – See times.
liaison – (DOD) That contact or intercommunication maintained between elements of military forces or other
agencies to ensure mutual understanding and unity of purpose and action. See ATTP 5-0.1 and ADRP 5-0.
lift fire – In direct fire, the command to raise the cone of fire so that the beaten zone strikes the target, but the space
between the target and the firing weapons is safe for maneuver by friendly forces. See also direct fire. (FM 7-8)
light line – A designated line forward of which vehicles are required to use black-out lights at night. Also called
LL. (ADRP 1-02/MCRP 5-12A)
limited depositary - A U.S. or foreign commercial bank designated by the Treasury Department to receive deposits
from disbursing officers for credit to their official limited depositary checking accounts. (FM 1-06)
limited depositary account - A checking account in a foreign currency maintained in a limited depositary by a
disbursing officer in his or her name. Limited depositary accounts also may be referred to as operating accounts.
(FM 1-06)
limited visibility operations – Operations conducted at night and during other periods of reduced visibility. See
also final coordination line; limit of advance; probable line of deployment. (FM 3-90)
limit of advance – (Army) A phase line used to control forward progress of the attack. The attacking unit does not
advance any of its elements or assets beyond the limit of advance, but the attacking unit can push its security
forces to that limit. (ADRP 3-90) (Marine Corps) An easily recognized terrain feature beyond which attacking
elements will not advance. Also called LOA. (MCRP 5-12C) See also final coordination line; phase line;
probable line of deployment.
linear target - A linear target is a target that is greater than 200 meters in length and less than or equal to 200 meters
in width. See also attitude, circular target, point target, program of targets, and rectangular target. (FM 3-09)
line formation – An arrangement of vehicles or personnel in which elements are arranged abreast of each other.
This formation permits maximum fire to front and rear and a minimum of fire to the flanks. See also box
formation; column formation; echelon formation; vee formation; wedge formation. (FM 3-90)
line haul – In highway transportation, a type of haul involving long trips over the road in which the portion of
driving time is high in relation to the time consumed in loading and unloading. Line haul usually involves one
trip or a portion of a trip per operating shift of 10 hours, or 2 trips per day. See also local haul. (FM 4-01.30)
line of communications bridging - Bridges used to establish semi permanent or permanent support to road
networks. (ATTP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8)
line of contact – A general trace delineating the locations where friendly and enemy forces are engaged. (FM 3-90)
[Note: the Marine Corps definition replaces “friendly and enemy forces” with “two opposing forces.”] (MCRP
5-12C) Also called LC. See also forward edge of the battle area; forward line of own troops; line of
departure; line of departure is line of contact.
line of departure – (Army) A phase line crossed at a prescribed time by troops initiating an offensive operation.
(FM 3-90)Also called LD. See also line of contact; line of departure is line of contact; phase line.
line of departure is line of contact – The designation of forward friendly positions as the line of departure when
opposing forces are in contact. Also called LD/LC. See also line of contact; line of departure. (FM 3-90)
line of effort – (Army) A line that links multiple tasks using the logic of purpose rather than geographical reference
to focus efforts toward establishing operational and strategic conditions. (ADRP 3-0)
line of fire – As it relates to the principle of the reciprocal laying of field artillery weapons, any line parallel to the
azimuth of fire. (FM 3-09)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
line of operations – (Army) A line that defines the directional orientation of a force in time and space in relation to
the enemy and links the force with its base of operations and objectives. (ADRP 3-0)
line of sight –An unobstructed path from a Soldier’s/Marine’s, weapon, weapon sight, electronic sending and
receiving antennas, or piece of reconnaissance equipment to another point. See also intervisibility.
(FM 2-01.3/MCRP 2-3A)
lines of engineer support – Categories of engineer tasks and capabilities that are grouped by purpose for specific
operations. (FM 3-34)
lingual - The surface of the tooth toward the tongue (inside). (ATTP 4-46.1)
linkup – (Army) A meeting of friendly ground forces which occurs in a variety of circumstances. (FM 3-90)
(Marine Corps) An operation wherein two friendly ground forces join together in a hostile area. See also linkup
point. (MCRP 5-12C)
linkup point – The point where two infiltrating elements in the same or different infiltration lanes are scheduled to
meet to consolidate before proceeding on with their missions. See also air assault operation; airborne
operation; breakout; infiltration; infiltration lane; linkup. (ADRP 3-90)
list of targets – A tabulation of confirmed or suspect targets maintained by any echelon for informational and fire
support planning purposes. See also target list. (FM 6-20-10)
local air defense warning – Air attack probabilities that allow the local commander to alert his forces to air and/or
missile attack without changing the air defense warning conditions. Local air defense warnings are designed to
alert a particular unit, several units, or an area of the area of operations. Local air defense warnings parallel air
defense warning conditions and reflect the local air and missile threat. a. Dynamite—Aircraft are inbound or
attacking now. Response is immediate. b. Lookout—Aircraft are in the area of interest but are not threatening or
are inbound but there is time to react. c. Snowman—No aircraft pose a threat at this time. Also called LADW.
(FM 3-01)
local barometric reference data - Information describing the atmospheric conditions presently surrounding the
barometric calculator. When this data is accessed, the equivalent altitude of the calculator is displayed. The
equivalent altitude of a calculator located at the DZ is used during operation to compute wrist altimeter settings.
(ATTP 3-18.11)
local security – (Army) A security task that includes low-level security activities conducted near a unit to prevent
surprise by the enemy. (FM 3-90) (Marine Corps) Those security elements established in the proximity of a unit
to prevent surprise by the enemy. (MCRP 5-12C) See also security operations.
lodgment – (DOD) A designated area in a hostile or potentially hostile operational area that, when seized and held,
makes the continuous landing of troops and materiel possible and provides maneuver space for subsequent
operations. See ADRP 3-0.
log crib – A type of point obstacle used as a road block that cannot be readily bypassed. See also point obstacle.
(FM 5-34)
log hurdle – A type of point obstacle used to slow tracked vehicles and make them more vulnerable to antitank fires
or make the tracked vehicles vulnerable to “belly shots” as they climb over the hurdles. See also point obstacle.
(FM 5-34)
logistics – (Army) planning and execution of maintenance, transportation, supply field services,
distribution, operational contract support, and general engineering support. (ADRP 4-0) (Marine
Corps) 1. The science of planning and executing the movement of support and forces. 2. All activities required
to move and sustain military forces. Logistics is one of the six warfighting functions. See warfighting functions.
(MCRP 5-12C)
logistics assault base – A temporary logistics support area transported across enemy lines via helicopter to support
extended deep air assault and raids. If the logistics assault base is to become a permanent facility, the unit must
develop it into a forward operations base. Also called LAB. (ATTP 3-18.12)
logistics base – A principal or supplementary base of support; a locality containing installations which provide
logistics support. (FM 4-0)
logistics combat element – (Marine Corps) The core element of a Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) that is
task-organized to provide the combat service support necessary to accomplish the MAGTF’s mission. The
logistics combat element varies in size from a small detachment to one or more Marine logistics groups. It
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provides supply, maintenance, transportation, general engineering, health services, and a variety of other
services to the MAGTF. In a joint or multinational environment, it may contain other Service or multinational
forces assigned or attached to the MAGTF. The logistics combat element element itself is not a formal
command. Also called LCE. (MCRP 5-12C) See also aviation combat element; command element; ground
combat element; Marine air-ground task force; Marine expeditionary force; Marine expeditionary force
(forward); Marine expeditionary unit; special purpose Marine air-ground task force.
logistics package – A grouping of multiple classes of supplies and supply vehicles under the control of a single
convoy commander. Also called LOGPAC. (FM 3-90) See also classes of supply.
logistics preparation of the theater – Actions taken by support personnel to optimize means—force structure,
resources, and strategic lift—in support of the commander’s plan. (ADRP 4-0)
logistics release point – 1. The point along the supply route where the unit first sergeant or unit guide takes control
of a company logistics package. 2. The point along the supply route where the supported unit meets the
supporting unit to transfer supplies. Also called LRP. See also logistics package. (FM 4-0)
log posts – A type of point obstacle with posts placed in belts and combined with wire and usually used as a road
block or turning obstacle. To breach a belt of log posts requires an extensive breaching effort. See also point
obstacle. (FM 5-34)
lowering line - A cord designed to allow a parachutist to lower a rucksack or a piece of equipment to the ground
prior to his own impact. (ATTP 3-18.11)
Low-risk repair - Battle damage assessment and repair that may lead to minor equipment failures but has no
chance of injuring personnel. (FM 4-30.31)
—M—
magnetic azimuth – An angle of direction measured clockwise from magnetic north. See also azimuth; grid
azimuth; true azimuth. (FM 3-25.26)
main battle area – (Army) The area where the commander intends to deploy thebulk of combat power and
conduct his decisive operations to defeat an attacking enemy. (FM 3-90) (Marine Corps) That portion of the
battlespace in which the commander conducts close operations to defeat the enemy. Also called MBA. (MCRP
5-12C) See also combat power; defensive operations; forward edge of the battle area; handover line.
main body – The principal part of a tactical command or formation. It does not include detached elements of the
command, such as advance guards, flank guards, and covering forces. (FM 3-90/MCRP 5-12C) See also
advance guard; covering force; flank guard.
main command post – A facility containing the majority of the staff designed to control current operations,
conduct detailed analysis, and plan future operations. (ATTP 5-0.1)
main effort – A designated subordinate unit whose mission at a given point in time is most critical to overall
mission success. (ADRP 3-0) [Marine Corps adds: “It is usually weighted with the preponderance of combat
power and is directed against a center of gravity through a critical vulnerability.” (MCRP 5-12C)
main supply route – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/m/11385.html See FM 4-01.30.
maintenance collection point – A location or series of locations, that is the nearest point to the combat unit to
which equipment can be recovered, and where limited parts are available, and some repairs can be performed.
(ATTP 4-33)
maintenance support team – A tailored direct support team that collocates with a unit maintenance element for a
designated period. Also called MST. (FM 4-30.31)
maintenance team – Personnel for a maintenance activity, organization, or unit who provide maintenance support
to a designated unit or operation for a specific tasks. (FM 10-27)
major operation - (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/m/10567.html See ADRP 3-0.
malfunction - A discrepancy in the deployment or inflation of the parachute that can create any faulty, irregular, or
abnormal condition increasing the parachutist’s rate of descent, or a condition in which the canopy is
uncontrollable. (ATTP 3-18.11)
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managers’ internal control program – (Army) MIC is designed to provide reasonable assurance that established
accountability and control procedures comply with applicable laws and regulations. As it pertains to financial
management, the MIC program provides reasonable assurance that obligations and costs comply with applicable
laws, that funds are protected, and that proper accounting is kept of all expenditures (stewardship). The MIC
Program must be established as soon as possible, but not at the expense of operational or tactical considerations.
Also called MIC. (FM 1-06)
maneuver – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/m/10918.html See FM 3-0. See also
mission; operation.
maneuver and mobility support – A military police function conducted to support and preserve the commander's
freedom of movement and enhance the movement of friendly resources in all environments. (FM 3-39) Also
called MMS. See also main supply route; river crossing; route reconnaissance; straggler control.
maneuver support operations – Integrate the complementary and reinforcing capabilities of key protection,
movement and maneuver, and sustainment functions, tasks, and systems to enhance freedom of action.
(FM 3-90.31)
march column – A march column consists of all elements using the same route for a single movement under control
of a single commander. (FM 3-90) See also march serial; march unit.
march serial – A major subdivision of a march column that is organized under one commander who plans,
regulates, and controls the serial. (FM 3-90)See also march column; march unit.
march unit – A subdivision of a march serial. It moves and halts under the control of a single commander who uses
voice and visual signals. (FM 3-90) See also march column; march serial.
Marine aircraft wing — (Marine Corps) The highest level aviation command in the Fleet Marine Force. The
Marine aircraft wing is task-organized to provide a flexible and balanced air combat organization capable of the
full range of combat air operations in a variety of areas without the requirement of prepositioned support,
control, and logistic facilities. Only the wing has the inherent capability of performing all six aviation functions.
Also called MAW. (MCRP 5-12C)
Marine air-ground task force – (Marine Corps) The Marine Corps’ principal organization for all missions across
the range of military operations, composed of forces task-organized under a single commander capable of
responding rapidly to a contingency anywhere in the world. The types of forces in the Marine air-ground task
force (MAGTF) are functionally grouped into four core elements: a command element, an aviation combat
element, a ground combat element, and a logistics combat element. The four core elements are categories of
forces, not formal commands. The basic structure of the MAGTF never varies, though the number, size, and
type of Marine Corps units comprising each of its four elements will always be mission dependent. The
flexibility of the organizational structure allows for one or more subordinate MAGTFs to be assigned. In a joint
or multinational environment, other Service or multinational forces may be assigned or attached. Also called
MAGTF. (MCRP 5-12C) See also aviation combat element; command element; ground combat element;
logistics combat element; Marine expeditionary brigade; Marine expeditionary force; Marine
expeditionary force (Forward); Marine expeditionary unit; Marine expeditionary unit (special operations
capable); special purpose Marine air-ground task force.
Marine air traffic control mobile team—A task-organized element provided by the Marine air traffic control
detachment that is trained and equipped to provide initial rapid response air traffic control and command,
control, and communications in support of Marine air-ground task force and joint missions. Marine air traffic
control mobile teams usually support operations at air sites, forward arming and refueling points, rapid ground
refueling points, or lagger points. Normally, a fully manned and equipped mobile team capability can be
provided on a 24-hour basis for up to 72 hours without resupply or augmentation. Also called MMT. (MCRP 512C)
Marine Corps operating forces —The Marine Corps forces (formally identified as Fleet Marine Forces in Title
10), the Marine Corps Reserve, Marine Corps security forces at Navy shore activities, Marine Corps special
activity forces, and Marine Corps combat forces not otherwise assigned. (MCRP 5-12C)
Marine Corps Planning Process — (Marine Corps) A six-step methodology which helps organize the thought
processes of the commander and staff throughout the planning and execution of military operations. It focuses
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on the mission and the threat and is based on the Marine Corps philosophy of maneuver warfare. It capitalizes
on the principle of unity of command and supports the establishment and maintenance of tempo. The six steps
consist of problem framing, course of action development, course of action war game, course of action
comparison and decision, orders development, and transition. Also called MCPP. (MCRP 5-12C) (Note: Tenets
of the MCPP include top-down planning, single-battle concept, and integrated planning.)
Marine division — A ground force of combat and combat support units organized and equipped primarily for
amphibious operations. It consists of three infantry regiments, an artillery regiment, and separate combat
support battalions. Subordinate units can be organized into effective forces of combined arms based upon the
infantry regiment, infantry battalion, or tank battalion. One or more divisions form the ground combat element
of the Marine expeditionary force. To perform its combat role, it requires air defense and aviation support from
a Marine aircraft wing and service support from a Marine logistics group. Also called MARDIV. (MCRP 512C)
Marine expeditionary brigade – (Marine Corps) A Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) that is constructed
around an infantry regiment reinforced, a composite Marine aircraft group, and a combat logistics regiment. The
Marine expeditionary brigade (MEB), commanded by a general officer, is task-organized to meet the
requirements of a specific situation. It can function as part of a joint task force, as the lead echelon of the
Marine expeditionary force (MEF), or alone. It varies in size and composition and is larger than a Marine
expeditionary unit but smaller than a MEF. The MEB is capable of conducting missions across a range of
military operations. In a joint or multinational environment, it may contain other Service or multinational forces
assigned or attached to the MAGTF. Also called MEB. (MCRP 5-12C) See also brigade; Marine air-ground
task force; Marine expeditionary force.
Marine expeditionary force – (Marine Corps) The largest Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) and the Marine
Corps’ principal warfighting organization, particularly for larger crises or contingencies. It is task-organized
around a permanent command element and normally consists of one or more Marine divisions, Marine aircraft
wings, and Marine logistics groups. The Marine expeditionary force is capable of missions across a range of
military operations, including amphibious assault and sustained operations ashore in any environment. It can
operate from a sea base, a land base, or both. In a joint or multinational environment, it may contain other
Service or multinational forces assigned or attached to the MAGTF. (MCRP 5-12C) Also called MEF. See
also aviation combat element; command element; ground combat element; logistics combat element;
Marine air-ground task force; Marine expeditionary brigade; Marine expeditionary force (Forward);
Marine expeditionary unit; Marine expeditionary unit (special operations capable); special purpose
Marine air-ground task force.
Marine expeditionary force (Forward) – (Marine Corps) A designated lead echelon of a Marine expeditionary
force, task-organized to meet the requirements of a specific situation. A Marine expeditionary force (Forward)
varies in size and composition, and it may be commanded by the MEF commander personally or by another
designated commander. It may be tasked with preparing for the subsequent arrival of the rest of the
MEF/joint/multinational forces, and/or the conduct of other specified tasks, at the discretion of the MEF
commander. A Marine expeditionary force (Forward) may also be a stand-alone Marine air-ground task force
(MAGTF), task-organized for a mission in which a MEF is not required. In a joint or multinational
environment, it may contain other Service or multinational forces assigned or attached to the MAGTF. Also
called MEF (FWD). (MCRP 5-12C) See also aviation combat element; command element; ground combat
element; Marine air-ground task force; logistics combat element; Marine expeditionary force; Marine
expeditionary unit; Marine expeditionary unit (special forces capable); special purpose Marine
air-ground task force.
Marine expeditionary unit – (Marine Corps) A Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) that is constructed around
an infantry battalion reinforced, a composite squadron reinforced, and a task-organized logistics combat
element. It normally fulfills Marine Corps’ forward sea-based deployment requirements. The Marine
expeditionary unit provides an immediate reaction capability for crisis response and is capable of limited
combat operations. In a joint or multinational environment, it may contain other Service or multinational forces
assigned or attached to the MAGTF. Also called MEU. (MCRP 5-12C) See also aviation combat element;
command element; ground combat element; logistics combat element; Marine air-ground task force;
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
Marine expeditionary force; Marine expeditionary force (Forward); Marine expeditionary unit (special
operations capable); special purpose Marine air-ground task force.
Marine logistics group – (Marine Corps) The logistics combat element (LCE) of the Marine expeditionary force
(MEF). It is a permanently organized command tasked with providing combat service support beyond the
organic capabilities of supported units of the MEF. The Marine logistics group (MLG) is normally structured
with direct and general support units, which are organized to support a MEF possessing one Marine division
and one Marine aircraft wing. The MLG may also provide smaller task-organized LCEs to support Marine
air-ground task forces smaller than the MEF. Also called MLG. (MCRP 5-12C) See also logistics combat
element; Marine air-ground task force; Marine expeditionary force.
marking obscuration – Obscuration effects that are employed to mark targets for destruction by lethal fires,
identify friendly positions and locations, and provide a form of prearranged area of operations communications.
See also deception obscuration; protection obscuration; screening obscuration; self-defense obscuration;
sustained obscuration; temporary obscuration; visual obscuration. (FM 3-11.50)
marshalling area – (Marine Corps) 1. The general area in which unit preparation areas and departure airfields may
be located and from which air movement is initiated. 2. In amphibious operations, the designated area in which,
as part of the mounting process, units are reorganized for embarkation; vehicles and equipment are prepared to
move directly to embarkation areas; and housekeeping facilities are provided for troops by other units. (MCRP
5-12C) See also marshalling.
mass extinction coefficient - A measure of effectiveness of an obscurant in attenuating radiation. Mass extinction
coefficients may exhibit a strong spectral dependence. (FM 3-11.50)
maximum rate of fire – The largest quantity of rounds physically or mechanically possible to fire through a
weapon or weapon system in a specified period of time regardless of the damage that could be done to the
system if this number of rounds was fired for a prolonged period of time. (FM 3-21.91)
mean sea level - The average height of the sea for all tidal conditions; the zero altitude reference point used in
determining ground elevations. Also called MSL. (ATTP 3-18.11)
measurement and signature intelligence - (DOD) Intelligence obtained by quantitative and qualitative analysis of
data (metric, angle, spatial, wavelength, time dependence, modulation, plasma, and hydromagnetic) derived
from specific technical sensors for the purpose of identifying any distinctive features associated with the emitter
or sender, and to facilitate subsequent identification and/or measurement of the same. The detected feature may
be either reflected or emitted. Also called MASINT. See ADRP 2-0.
measure of effectiveness – (DOD) A criterion used to assess changes in system behavior, capability, or operational
environment that is tied to measuring the attainment of an end state, achievement of an objective, or creation of
an effect. See ADRP 5-0
M-day – See times.
medial - Toward the midline. Reference point is the sagittal plane. (ATTP 4-46.1)
medical evacuation – (Marine Corps) The timely and efficient movement of the wounded, injured, or ill while
providing en route medical care to and between medical treatment facilities. Also called MEDEVAC. See also
casualty evacuation.
medical standby equipment program – This program includes end items, components, or assemblies used to
support activities with serviceable items when the primary item is unserviceable and is economically repairable
(previously called operational readiness afloat). (FM 4-02.1)
medical waste – Any waste that is generated in the diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human beings or
animals. (FM 3-34.5)
medium-risk repair - Battle damage assessment and repair that may lead to further damage of equipment. (FM 430.31)
meeting engagement – A combat action that occurs when a moving force, incompletely deployed for battle,
engages an enemy at an unexpected time and place. (FM 3-90/MCWP 3-10)
mesial - The surface of the tooth nearest the midline of the dental arch. (ATTP 4-46.1)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
messaging space – The physical or electronic area(s) where one or more sources direct information. Messages can
be either complimentary or contradictory in nature. (FM 5-53)
METT-TC – A memory aid used in two contexts: 1. In the context of information management, the major subject
categories into which relevant information is grouped for military operations: mission, enemy, terrain and
weather, troops and support available, time available, civil considerations. 2. In the context of tactics, major
variables considered during mission analysis. (FM 6-0)
military chemical compound – Chemical substance that has become generally accepted by the public for use in
conventional war. Included are riot control agents, flame and smoke materials, and military herbicides.
Excluded are chemical agents. See also riot control agent. (FM 3-11)
military crest – An area on the forward slope of a hill or ridge from which maximum observation covering the
slope down to the base of the hill or ridge can be obtained. (FM 3-25.26/MCRP 5-12)
military deception - DOD) Actions executed to deliberately mislead adversary military decision makers as to
friendly military capabilities, intentions, and operations, thereby causing the adversary to take specific
actions (or inactions) that will contribute to the accomplishment of the friendly mission. Also called
MILDEC. See ADRP 6-0.
military decisionmaking process – An interactive planning methodology to understand the situation and mission,
develop a courses of action, and produce an operation plan or order. (ADP 5-0) See also course of action;
operation order; operation plan.
military environmental protection – The application and integration of all aspects of natural environmental
considerations as they apply to the conduct of military operations. (FM 3-34.5)
military free fall - Methods of delivering personnel, equipment, and supplies from a transport aircraft at a high
altitude via free-fall parachute insertion. The parachute (RAPPS) can be manually deployed during free fall or
with the assistance of a static line depending on mission and jumper capabilities. Also called MFF. (ATTP 318.11)
military information support operations –Planned political, economic, military, and ideological activities directed
towards foreign countries, organizations, and individuals in order to create emotions, attitudes, understanding,
beliefs, and behavior favorable to the achievement of U.S. political and military objectives. Also called MISO.
(ADRP 1-02/MCRP 5-12A)
military police response force – Those forces to which the commander assigns the mission of responding to and
conducting operations to close with and destroy or delay attacking enemy forces beyond the capabilities of base
defenses (Level II and Level III). (FM 3-39)
military search – The management and application of systematic procedures and appropriate equipment to locate
specified targets in support of military operations. Specified targets include people, information, and material
resources employed by an adversary. (FM 3-34.210)
millibar(s) - A unit of measurement of barometric pressure used when setting the ARR. Also called mbar. (ATTP
3-18.11)
millimeter wave obscuration – Obscurant employed to defeat proper operation and/or performance of line-of-sight
sensory equipment and electro-optical devices associated with weapon system and equipment capabilities that
require access to wavelengths of military significance located within the microwave portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum (millimeter and centimeter waves), specifically 9 through 96 gigahertz radar bands.
(FM 3-11.50) See also artificial obscurant; by-product obscurant; infrared obscurant; multispectral
obscurant; natural obscurant; obscurant; special obscurant; visual obscurant.
minefield density – In land mine warfare, the average number of mines per meter of minefield front, or the average
number of mines per square meter of minefield. In naval warfare, the average number of mines per nautical
mile. (FM 3-34.210)
minefield depth – The minefield depth is based on the amount of reduction assets that will be required by an enemy
to reduce a lane. The standard should start with 100 meters and increase in depth if denying the enemy the use
of an mobility corridor is the intent (turn or block). (FM 3-34.210)
minefield design – The means by which an emplacing unit varies minefield width, minefield depth, mine density,
mine composition and the use of antihandling devices, and an irregular outer edge to best achieve one of the
four tactical-obstacle effects. (FM 3-34.210)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
minefield front – The dimension of a minefield that defines how much of the attacking enemy formation is affected
by the minefield. The front of a minefield is based on the desired obstacle effect. (FM 3-34.210)
minimum safe distance – The minimum distance in meters from desired ground zero at which a specific degree of
personnel risk and vulnerability will not be exceeded with a 99 percent assurance. The minimum safe distance is
the sum of the radius of safety and the buffer distance. Also called MSD. See also least separation distance.
(FM 100-30)
minimum quadrant elevation – 1. The lowest quadrant elevation of a weapon at which the projectile will safely
clear an obstacle between the weapon and the target. 2. The lowest quadrant elevation of a weapon at which the
projectile will reach the minimum range line of an impact area before detonation. (FM 6-50)
misinformation – Incorrect information from any source that is released for unknown reasons or to solicit a
response or interest from a nonpolitical or nonmilitary target. ( FM 3-13)
mission – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/m/5569.html See ADP 5-0 and ADRP 5-0).
(Marine Corps) Tasks assigned by the President to the combatant commanders in the Unified Command Plan.
(MCRP 5-12C)
mission brief – (Marine Corps) The final phase of the planning effort that should include, as attendees, all mission
participants. This brief will set forth the concept of operations, ground tactical plan, scheme of maneuver from
pickup zone through the objective, and specific details concerning mission, coordination, and execution.
(MCRP 5-12C)
mission command – (Army) The exercise of authority and direction by the commander using mission orders to
enable disciplined initiative within the commander’s intent to empower agile and adaptive leaders in the
conduct of unified land operations. (ADP 6-0) See also commander’s intent; mission orders.
mission command system – The arrangement of personnel; networks; information systems; processes and
procedures; and facilities and equipment that enable commanders to conduct operations. (ADP 6-0)
mission command warfighting function – The related tasks and systems that develops and integrates those
activities enabling a commander to balance the art of command and the science of control in order to integrate
the other warfighting functions. (ADRP 3-0)
mission-configured load – Load built inside a theater of operations for a specific mission, unit, or other purpose.
Resources (personnel, equipment, and supplies) in a hub in the communications zone/intermediate staging base
or corps area normally configured as mission configured loads. Also called MCL. (FM 4-0) See also
communications zone.
mission creep – (Army) Tangential efforts to assist in areas of concern unrelated to assigned duties that cripple
efficient mission accomplishment. (FM 3-16) (Marine Corps) Expansion of missions or efforts to assist in areas
of concern unrelated to assigned duties that cripple efficient mission accomplishment. (MCRP 5-12C)
mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available—time available—(Marine Corps)1. In the
context of information management, the major subject categories into which relevant information is grouped for
military operations. 2. In the context of tactics, the major factors considered during mission analysis. (MCRP 512C)
mission-essential task – A collective task a unit must be able to perform successfully to accomplish its mission.
(ADRP 7-0) See also mission-essential task list.
mission-essential task list – A compilation of collective mission-essential tasks. Also called METL. (ADRP 7-0)
See also mission-essential task.
mission narrative - The expression of the operational approach for a specified mission. (FM 5-0)
mission orders – Directives that emphasize to subordinates the results to be attained, not how they are achieve
them. (ADP 6-0) See also mission command.
mission-oriented protective posture – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/m/10732.html
Also called MOPP. See FM 3-11.4.
mission statement – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/m/18644.html See ADRP 5-0.
mission support site – A preselected area used as a temporary base or stopover point. The mission support site is
used to increase the operational range within the joint special operations area. Also called MSS. (FM 3-05.130)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
mixing – Using two or more different assets to collect against the same intelligence requirement. (FM 3-90) .
mobile defense – (Army) A defensive task that concentrates on the destruction or defeat of the enemy through a
decisive attack by a striking force. (ADP3-90) (Marine Corps) Defense of an area or position in which
maneuver is used with organization of fire and utilization of terrain to seize the initiative from the enemy.
(MCRP 5-12C)
mobility operations – (Army) 1. Obstacle reduction by maneuver and engineer units to reduce or negate the effects
of existing or reinforcing obstacles. The objective is to maintain freedom of movement for maneuver units,
weapon systems, and critical supplies. (FM 3-90) 2. Those combined arms activities that mitigate the effects of
natural and manmade obstacles to enable freedom of movement and maneuver. (ATTP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-10)
See also breach; countermobility operations; obstacle; survivability operations; terrain reinforcement.
monitoring – Continuous observation of those conditions relevant to the current operation. (ADRP 5-0)
morphology - The branch of biology which deals with structure and form. In osteology it refers to the shape and
size of a bone or its general appearance. (ATTP 4-46.1)
movement and maneuver warfighting function – The related tasks and systems that move and employ forces to
achieve a position of advantage over the enemy and other threats. (ADRP 3-0) Also see warfighting function.
movement bid – A request for clearance to move on main supply routes to other controlled routes for which a
clearance is required prior to initiating the movement. See also main supply route. (FM 4-01.30)
movement corridor – A designated area established to protect and enable ground movement along a route.
(FM 3-90.31)
movement credit – The allocation granted to one or more vehicles in order to move over a controlled route in a
fixed time according to movement instructions. See FM 55-30.
movement formation – 1. An ordered arrangement of troops and/or vehicles for a specific purpose. 2. An ordered
arrangement of two or more units, aircraft, or ships proceeding together under a commander. Types of
formations include: box, column, diamond, line, vee, wedge, and echelon (right or left). See also box
formation; column formation; diamond formation; echelon formation; line formation; vee formation;
wedge formation. (FM 3-90)
movement to contact – (Army) An offensive task designed to develop the situation and establish or regain contact.
(ADP 3-90)
mounted march - The movement of troops and equipment by combat and tactical vehicles. (FM 3-90)
multiechelon training – A training technique that allows for the simultaneous training of more that one echelon on
different or complementary tasks. (FM 7-0)
multinational operations – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/m/9306.html See ADRP 3-0
and FM 3-16.
multispectral – Consisting of three or more wavebands in the electromagnetic spectrum, such as visual through
millimeter wave. (FM 3-11.50)
multispectral obscurant – For current military operations, an obscurant that acts in the visual through millimeter
wave portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. See also artificial obscurant; by-product obscurant;
infrared obscurant; millimeter wave obscuration; natural obscurant; obscurant; special obscurant;
visual obscurant. (FM 3-11.50)
mutual support – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/m/5647.html See ADRP 3-0.
—N—
named area of interest – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/n/10170.html See FM 201.3/MCRP 2-3A. The geographical area where information that will satisfy a specific information requirement
can be collected. (ADRP 1-02/MCRP 5-12A) (Marine Corps) A point or area along a particular avenue of
approach through which enemy activity is expected to occur. Activity or lack of activity within a named area of
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
interest will help to confirm or deny a particular enemy course of action. Also called NAI. (MCRP 5-12C) See
also area of interest; event template.
narrative – The central mechanism, expressed in story form, through which ideologies are expressed and absorbed.
(FM 3-33.5)
natural obscurants – An obscurant produced by nature, such as darkness, sandstorms, and precipitation. Natural
assets do ot require assets or resources, but are uncontrollable and may aid adversaries as much as friendly
forces. See also artificial obscurant; by-product obscurant; infrared obscurant; millimeter wave
obscuration; multispectral obscurant; obscurant; special obscurant; visual obscurant (FM 3-11.50)
neck - The constricted portion of bone between the head of a long bone and the shaft or the constricted part of the
tooth at the junction of the crown and root. (ATTP 4-46.1)
neglect – In artillery, mortar, and naval gunfire support, a report to the observer/spotter to indicate that the last
round(s) was fired with incorrect data and that the round(s) will be fired again using correct data. See also fire
support. FM 6-30.
negligible risk level – Level of contamination that will cause mild incapacitation among no more than five percent
of unprotected Soldiers who operate for twelve continuous hours within one meter of contaminated surfaces.
(FM 3-11)
nested concept – A planning technique to achieve unity of purpose whereby each succeeding echelon’s concept of
operations is aligned by purpose with the higher echelon’s concept of operations. (ADRP 5-0) See also concept
of operations.
net control station – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/n/5741.html See FM 6-02.53.
neutral – (Army) 1. A party identified as neither supporting nor opposing friendly or enemy forces. (ADRP 3-0) 2.
A meteorological condition that exists when the temperature of the ground is approximately the same
temperature of the lower air up to four meters above it. This condition has light to moderate winds and slight
turbulence, and is considered average for release of chemical weapons. (ATTP 3-11. 36) See also inversion;
lapse.
neutralization – In the context of the computed effects of field artillery fires, neutralization renders a target
ineffective for a short period of time, producing 10-percent casualties or materiel damage. (FM 3-09)
neutralize – (Army) A tactical mission task that results in rendering enemy personnel or materiel incapable of
interfering with a particular operation. (FM 3-90) (Marine Corps) To render the enemy or his resources
ineffective or unusable. (MCRP 5-12C)
night vision devices - A viewer enabling an operator to see in the dark. (FM 3-11.50)
no-fire area – (DOD) An area designated by the appropriate commander into which fires or their effects are
prohibited. Also called NFA. See FM 3-09 See also fires. (Marine Corps adds: “Two exceptions occur: (a) the
establishing headquarters asks for or approves fire or (b) an enemy force takes refuge in the area, poses a major
threat, and there is insufficient time to clear the fires needed to defend the friendly force.” (MCRP 5-12C).
noncombatant – (Marine Corps) 1. An individual in an area of combat operations who is not armed and is not
participating in any activity in support of any of the factions or forces involved in combat. 2. An individual,
such as chaplain or medical personnel, whose duties do not involve combat. (MCRP 5-12C)
noncontiguous area of operations – An area of operations where one or more subordinate forces’ areas of
operations do not share a common boundary. See also area of operations. (FM 3-90/MCWP 3-90)
nongovernmental organization – (DOD) A private, self-governing, not-for-profit organization dedicated to
alleviating human suffering; and/or promoting education, health care, economic development, environmental
protection , human rights, and conflict resolution; and/or encouraging the establishment of democratic
institutions and civil society. See ADRP 3-0.
non-nation-state actor - Organized group belonging to no nation or having multiple national or transnational links
that operate at the international level and are capable of provoking or requiring action from recognized
governments. (FM 3-27)
nonoxygen jump - A parachute jump, normally below 10,000 feet, that does not require the use of oxygen
equipment. (ATTP 3-18.11)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
nonoxygen procedures - The signals given by the jumpmaster to control the action of the parachutists between
takeoff and the 2-minute time warning when oxygen is not used. (ATTP 3-18.11)
Non-Secure Internet Protocol Router Network - Worldwide unclassified but sensitive packet switch network that
uses high-speed internet protocol routers and high-capacity Defense Information Systems Network circuitry.
(FM 6-02.43)
Non-self-recoverable capable - A condition in which the vehicle cannot move under its own power but does not
meet the criteria for cannibalization. (FM 4-30.31)
nonstandard bridging - Bridging that is purposely designed for a particular gap and typically built using
commercial off-the-shelf or locally available materials. (ATTP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8)
notice of violation – Formal written document provided to an installation by a regulatory agency as a result of
environmental noncompliance. Also called NOV. See also environmental compliance. (FM 3-34.5)
nuclear environment – The presence or implication of any nuclear-capable system before, during, or after nuclear
weapons employment by either friendly or enemy forces. (FM 100-30).
—O—
OAKOC – A memory aid associated with the five military aspects of terrain: observation and fields of fire, avenues
of approach, key and decisive terrain, obstacles, cover and concealment. (FM 6-0)
objective – (DOD) The clearly defined, desisive, and attainable goal toward which every operation is directed. See
ADRP 5-0. (Army) A location on the ground used to orient operations, phase operations, facilitate changes of
direction, and provide for unity of effort. (FM 3-90) See also decisive point; target.
objective rally point – A rally point established on an easily identifiable point on the ground where all elements of
the infiltrating unit assemble and prepare to attack the objective. (ADRP 1-02/MCRP 5-12A)
obligation management - Is a basic function of financial management operations and provides fiscal controls to
protect against Ant deficiency Act (ADA) violations. Obligation management is described in greater detail due
to the ADA and its importance to prevention. Tracking obligations enable financial managers to; calculate and
report available funding, Determine if commitment accounting systems interface issues are occurring, monitor
non-stock orders and payables to determine obligation adjustments, locate obligations in excess of
disbursement, and de-obligate the balance for other funding needs or those that require increase. (FM 1-06)
obscurant – Material that decreases the level of energy available for the functions of seekers, trackers, and
visionenhancement devices. (FM 3-11.50)
obscuration—(Marine Corps) The effects of weather, battlefield dust, and debris, or the use of smoke munitions to
hamper observation and target-acquisition capability or to conceal activities or movement. (MCRP 5-12C)
obscuration blanket – A dense horizontal concentration of smoke covering an area of ground with visibility inside
the concentration less than 50 meters. The blanket is established over and around friendly areas to protect them
from air visual observation and visual precision bombing attacks, or established over enemy areas to protect
attacking friendly aircraft from enemy air defense. (FM 3-11.50)
obscuration curtain – A vertical development of smoke that reduces the enemy’s ability to see clearly what is
occurring on the other side of the cloud. Visual recognition depends on the curtain width and smoke density.
(FM 3-11.50)
obscuration fire— (Marine Corps) Fire delivered to suppress the enemy by obscuring his view of the battlefield.
(MCRP 5-12C)
obscuration generator – A mechanical device that vaporizes fog oil and releases it into the air to condense as visual
obscuration (white smoke); grinds pellets and releases graphic flakes into the air as infrared obscuration; and
forces precut carbon fiber into the air as millimeter wave obscuration. (FM 3-11.50)
obscuration haze – A light concentration of obscuration that restricts enemy observation from the air and ground,
preventing accurate enemy target acquisition without disrupting friendly operations that require limited
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
visibility, such as river crossings. Obscuration haze allows limited visibility that reduces the recognition of
personnel and equipment from 50 to 100 meters. (FM 3-11.50)
obscuration munition – An obscuration device that is either discharged from a weapon system (canon or
tube-launched systems) or thrown (hand grenades). (FM 3-11.50)
obscuration projectile – Any projectile containing an obscuration-producing agent thatis released on impact or
upon bursting. (FM 3-11.50)
obscuration smoke – Smoke placed on or near enemy positions to minimize enemy observation both within and
beyond the position area. (FM 3-11.50)
obscuration target analysis - The process of selecting the optimal obscuration delivery system to attack specific
electro-optical systems. (FM 3-11.50)
obscuring obscuration - Obscuration delivered directly on or immediately in front of enemy positions to blind their
vision both within and beyond their location by attacking, degrading and/or defeating viewers and sensors at
their source. (FM 3-11.50)
observation – The condition of weather and terrain that permits a force to see the friendly, enemy, and neutral
personnel and systems, and key aspects of the environment. (ADRP 1-02/MCRP 5-12A)
observation post – A position from which military observations are made, or fire directed and adjusted, and which
possesses appropriate communications. While aerial observers and sensors systems are extremely useful, those
systems do not constitute aerial observation post. Also called OP. (FM 3-90).
obstacle control measures – Specific measures that simplify the granting of obstacle-emplacing authority while
providing obstacle control. (FM 3-90)
obstacle groups – Obstacle groups are one or more individual obstacles grouped to provide a specific obstacle
effect. (FM 3-90)
obstacle line – A conceptual control measure used at battalion or brigade level to show placement intent without
specifying a particular type of linear obstacle. (FM 90-7)
occlusal surface - The biting edge/chewing surface of the posterior teeth. (ATTP 4-46.1)
occupy – (Army) A tactical mission task that involves a force moving a friendly force into an area so that it can
control that area. Both the force’s movement to and occupation of the area occur without enemy opposition.
(FM 3-90) (Marine Corps) To move onto an objective, key terrain, or other manmade or natural terrain area
without opposition, and control the entire area. (MCRP 5-12C) See also tactical mission task.
odontologist - A dentist with a specialized interest in identification. (ATTP 4-46.1)
odontology - The study of the development, formation, and abnormalities of the teeth. (ATTP 4-46.1)
offensive air support –(Marine Corps) Those air operations conducted against enemy installations, facilities, and
personnel to directly assist the attainment of MAGTF objectives by the destruction of enemy resources or the
isolation of the enemy’s military forces. Offensive air support is one of the six functions of Marine aviation.
Also called OAS. (MCRP 5-12C) See also close air support.
offensive antiair warfare— (Marine Corps) Those operations conducted against enemy air assets and air defense
systems before they can be launched or assume an attacking role. Offensive antiair warfare operations in or near
the objective area consist mainly of air attacks to destroy or neutralize hostile aircraft, airfields, radars, air
defense systems, and supporting areas. Also called OAAW. (MCRP 5-12C)
offensive fires - Fires that preempt enemy actions. (FM 3-09)
offensive operations – (Marine Corps) Operations conducted to take the initiative from the enemy, gain freedom of
action, and generate effects to achieve objectives. The four types of offensive operations are movement to
contact, attack, exploitation, and pursuit. (MCRP 5-12C) See also defensive operations.
offensive tasks – Tasks conducted to defeat and destroy enemy forces and seize terrain, resources, and population
centers. (ADRP 3-0).
on-order mission – A mission to be executed at an unspecified time. in the future. [Marine Corps definition adds
“in the future”] (ATTP 5-0.1/MCRP 5-12C) See also be-prepared mission.
opening point - The point on the ground over which the parachutist deploys his canopy. Also called OP. (ATTP 318.11)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
open sheaf - In the context of field artillery fires, an open sheaf is a type of special sheaf in which each piece fires a
unique time, deflection, and quadrant elevation to cause the rounds to impact in a straight line, perpendicular to
the gun-target line and centered on the target, with bursts spaced one effective burst width apart. (FM 3-09)
open-source intelligence – The intelligence discipline that pertains to intelligence produced from publicly available
information that is collected, exploited, and disseminated in a timely manner to an appropriate audience for the
purpose of addressing a specific intelligence requirement. (ADRP 2-0)
operating tempo - A measure of equipment usage in terms of aircraft flying hours, ship steaming days, or tank
(driving) miles, commonly used to describe the pace of an operation or operations. (FM 3-27)
operational approach – (DOD) A description of broad actions the force must take to transform current conditions
into those desired at end state. See ADRP 3-0 and ADRP 5-0.
operational area security – A form of active security operations conducted to protect friendly forces, installations,
routes, and actions within an area of operations. (FM 3-37)
operational art – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/o/37.html See ADP 3-0 and ADRP 5-0.
operational contract support – (DOD) The process of planning for and obtaining supplies, services, and
construction from commercial sources in support of operations along with the associated contractor
management functions. See ATTP 4-10. (Army) The mission of operational contract support is to responsively,
effectively, and legally contract for the supplies, services, and construction necessary to support the mission of
the supported organizations (Army Federal Acquisition Regulation (AFARS) No.2). FM operations are critical
to successful contracting operations. (FM 1-06)
operational control – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/o/5952.html See ADRP 5-0.
operational environment – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/o/5956.html See ADP 3-0 &
ADRP 6-0.
operational initiative – Setting or dictating the terms of action throughout an operation. (ADRP 3-0)
operational reach – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/o/10920.html See also operational
pause. See ADRP 3-0.
operational readiness float – (Marine Corps) A pool of mission-essential, maintenance-significant end items used
to provide replacement items for unserviceable, reparable end items that cannot be repaired in time to meet an
operational commitment. Also called ORF. (MCRP 5-12C) See also classes of supply; direct support.
operation plan— (Army) Any plan for the preparation, execution, and assessment of military operations. (FM 301.7)
operations process – The major mission command activities performed during operations: planning, preparing,
executing and continuously assessing the operation. (ADP 5-0)
operations security measures – Methods and means to gain and maintain essential secrecy about essential elements
of friendly information. (FM 3-37)
opposed entry – A military operation to enter an area against opposition. See also air assault operation; airborne
operation; assault echelon. (FM 90-26)
opposing force - A plausible and flexible military and/or paramilitary force representing a composite of varying
capabilities of actual worldwide forces used in lieu of a specific threat force, for training or developing U.S.
forces. (FM 7-100.4)
organic – (DOD) Assigned to and forming an essential part of military organization. Organic parts of a unit are
those listed in its table of organization for the Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps, and are assigned to the
administrative organizations of the operating forces for the Navy. See ADRP 5-0.
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
organophosphorous compound – A compound, containing phosphorus and carbon, whose physiological effects
include inhibition of cholinesterase; many pesticides and virtually all nerve agents are organophosphorus
compounds. See also g-series nerve agents; h-series agents. (FM 3-11.9)
ossification - The formation of bone, the conversion of cartilage into bone (mineralization). (ATTP 4-46.1)
osteology - The detailed study and analysis of bones and the skeletal system. (ATTP 4-46.1)
other governmental agency – (DOD) Within the context of interagency coordination, a non Department of Defense
agency of the United States Government. See ADRP 3-0.
over – 1. In direct fire, a sensing that a round or burst of rounds went above the intended target and landed beyond
the target. (FM 3-20.21) See also fire support.
overbridging - A method used to reinforce, provide emergency repair, or augment existing bridges or bridge spans
utilizing standard bridging. In close combat this is typically provided through the employment of tactical
bridging. (ATTP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8)
overt operation
- An operation conducted openly, without concealment. (ADRP 1-02/MCRP 5-12A)
overwatch – (Marine Corps) 1. A tactical movement technique in which one element is positioned to support the
movement of another element with immediate fire. 2. The tactical role of an element positioned to support the
movement of another element with immediate fire. See also support by fire. ((MCRP 5-12C)
oxygen check - A visual check made by the jumpmaster to see that each parachutist is receiving oxygen. (ATTP 318.11)
oxygen jump - A free-fall parachute jump requiring the use of oxygen, normally at any altitude above 10,000 feet.
(ATTP 3-18.11)
oxygen mask - A face mask that may be connected to an oxygen supply, allowing parachutists to operate above
nonoxygen altitudes. (ATTP 3-18.11)
oxygen procedures - The procedures used by parachutists and the jumpmaster when they jump using oxygen
equipment. (ATTP 3-18.11)
—P—
palmar - The palm side of the hand, also known as volar. (ATTP 4-46.1)
parallel planning – (Army) Is two or more echelons planning for the same operation through the sequential sharing
of information from the higher headquarters prior to the headquarters publishing their operation plan or
operation order. (ADRP 5-0) (Marine Corps) Planning by parallel chains of command refers to the planning
procedures resulting from the close and continuous coordination necessary between corresponding naval and
troop echelons. (MCRP 5-12C)
partial malfunction - A situation in which the canopy does not fully deploy. (ATTP 3-18.11)
parole – A special password used as a check on a countersign. (FM 22-6)
passage lane – A lane through an enemy or friendly obstacle that provides a safe passage for a passing force. (FM
3-90)
passage of lines – (Army) A tactical enabling operation in which one unit moves through another unit’s positions
with the intent of moving into or out of enemy contact. (FM 3-90) See also forward passage of lines;
rearward passage of lines.
passage point – A specifically designated place where the passing units will pass through the stationary unit. Also
called PP. (FM 3-90) See also passage of lines.
passive immunization – The administration of pre-formed antibodies to confer immunity to a specific pathogen or
toxin. (FM 8-284)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
patient decontamination – The removal and/or the neutralization of hazardous levels of nuclear, biological, and
chemical contamination from patients at a medical treatment facility. Patient decontamination is performed
under the supervision of medical personnel to prevent further injury to the patient and to maintain the patient’s
health status during the decontamination process. Patient decontamination serves multiple purposes; it protects
the patient from further injury, it prevents exposing medical personnel to the contamination, and it prevents
contamination of the medical treatment facility. See also decontamination. (FM 4-02.7)
patrol base – A position set up when a patrol halts for an extended period in a place not protected by friendly
troops. (FM 7-7)
Paying out - The act of letting out or feeding cable or rope from its source. (FM 4-30.31)
penetration – A form of maneuver in which an attacking force seeks to rupture enemy defenses on a narrow front
to disrupt the defensive system. (FM 3-90).
performance work statement – A performance-based description of the user’s technical, functional, and
performance requirements. Also know as PWS. (ATTP 4-10)
permanent dentition - The adult teeth, which are 32 in number. (ATTP 4-46.1)
personalization – The knowledge strategy focused on developing social networks (informal, teacms, and
communities) to link people with tacit and explicit knowledge. (FM 6-01.1)
personal protective equipment – The equipment provided to shield or isolate a person from the chemical, physical,
and thermal hazards that can be encountered at a hazardous materials incident. Personal protective equipment
includes both personal protective clothing and respiratory protection. Adequate personal protective equipment
should protect the respiratory system, skin, eyes, face, hands, feet, head, body, and hearing. (FM 3-11.21)
personnel recovery – The sum of military, diplomatic, and civil efforts to prevent isolation incidents and to return
isolated persons to safety or friendly control. (FM 3-50.1)
personnel services – Those sustainment functions that include human resources support, religious support,
financial management, legal support, and band support. (ADRP 4-0)
personnel tempo - The time a service member is deployed. [Usually PERSTEMPO.] (FM 3-24)
phase – (Army) A planning and execution tool used to divide an operation in duration or activity. (ADRP 3-0)
(Marine Corps) A planning and execution tool that is used to divide an operation in duration or activity. A
change in phase may involve a change in task or task organization. Phasing helps in planning and controlling
and may be indicated by time, by distance, by terrain, or by occurrence of an event. (MCDP 1-0)
phase line – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/p/11395.html See FM 3-90.
phase of obscuration - See individual streamer, buildup phase, uniform phase, and terminal phase. (FM 3-11.50)
P-hour (airborne operations) – In airborne assault operations, the specific hour on D-day at which a parachute
assault commences with the exit of the first Soldier from an aircraft over a designated drop zone. P-hour may
or may not concide with H-Hour. (ATTP 5-0.1)
physical security - That part of the Army security system, based on threat analysis, concerned with procedures and
physical measures designed to safeguard personnel, property, and operations; to prevent unauthorized access to
equipment, facilities, materiel, and information; and to protect against espionage, terrorism, sabotage, damage,
misuse, and theft. (ATTP 3-39.32)
physical security inspection – A formal, recorded assessment of the physical protective measures and security
procedures that are implemented to protect unit and activity assets. (ATTP 3-39.32)
physical security survey – A formal recorded assessment of an installation’s overall physical security program,
including electronic security measures. (ATTP 3-39.32)
physiological training - The training conducted by the Air Force to enable parachutists to identify oxygen
equipment and systems and explain the effects of high-altitude physiology, cabin pressurization, and hazardous
noise and stress. (ATTP 3-18.11)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
pickup zone – A geographic area used to pick up troops or equipment by helicopter. (Marine Corps) The zone in
which helicopters land to pick up troops and supplies for movement to the landing zone. Also called PZ. (ATTP
3-18.12)
pickup zone control officer – The officer designated by the commander with the responsibility for establishing,
organizing, setting up, and controlling the pickup zone during air assault pickup zone operations. Also called
PZCO. See also air assault operation; pickup zone. (ATTP 3-18.12)
pickup zone control party – The personnel designated to assist the pickup zone control officer with the
establishment, setting up, and controlling of the pickup zone. See also pickup zone; pickup zone control
officer. (ATTP 3-18.12)
piecemeal commitment – The immediate employment of units in combat as they become available instead of
waiting for larger aggregations of units to ensure mass, orthe unsynchronized employment of available forces so
that their combat power is not employed effectively. (ADRP 3-90) See also combat power.
pilot briefing - A briefing the jumpmaster gives the pilot to clarify any points related to the airborne operation, such
as drop signal, time, or alternate drop zone. (ATTP 3-18.11)
planning –The art and science of understanding a situation, envisioning a desired future, and laying out effective
ways of bringing about that future. (ADP 5-0)
planning horizon – Point in time the commander uses to focus the organization’s planning efforts to shape future
events. (ADRP 5-0) See also planning.
planning requirements and assessing collection - The task that analyzes requirements, evaluates available assets
(internal and external), recommends to the operations staff taskings for information collection assets, submits
requests for information for adjacent and higher collection support, and conducts an assessment of the
effectiveness of the information collection plan. (ATTP 2-01)
plantar - The sole of the foot. (ATTP 4-46.1)
point obstacle – Any obstruction designed or employed to deny ease of movement on a road, lane, or bridge that is
normally part of or completes a larger manmade or natural obstacle that has a designed effect on the attacking
enemy force. See also log crib; log hurdle; log posts. (FM 90-7)
point of breach – The location at an obstacle where the creation of a lane is being attempted.
(ATTP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8)
point of departure – (Army) The point where the unit crosses the line of departure and begins moving along a
direction of attack. (FM 3-90) (Marine Corps) 1. A specific place where a unit will cross the line of departure. 2.
The designated location (typically an airport) outside of the disaster-affected area from which response
personnel and resources will deploy to the disaster area. Also called PD. (MCRP 5-12C) See also line of
departure.
point of penetration – The location, identified on the ground, where the commander concentrates his efforts at the
enemy‘s weakest point to seize a foothold on the farside objective. (ATTP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8)
point target – A point target is a target that is less than or equal to 200 meters in width and length. See also attitude,
circular target, linear target, program of targets, and rectangular target. (FM 3-09).
police information – Police information is all available information concerning known and potential enemy and
criminal threats and vulnerabilities collected during police activities, operations, and investigations. Analysis of
police information produces police intelligence. See also intelligence preparation of the battlefield.
(ATTP 3-39.20)
policing – The application of control measures within an area of operation to maintain law and order, safety, and
other matters affecting the general welfare of the population. (FM 3-39)
police intelligence – Police intelligence results from the application of systems, technologies, and processes that
analyze applicable data and information necessary for situational understanding and focusing policing activities
to achieve social order. (ATTP 3-39.20)
police intelligence operations – A military police function, integrated within all military police operations, that
supports the operations process through analysis, production, and dissemination of information collected as a
result of police activities to enhance situational understanding, protection, civil control, and law enforcement.
Also called PIO. (FM 3-39) See also common operational picture; protection warfighting function;
situational understanding.
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
ponding - The accumulation of standing water around the runway area. (FM 3-04.300)
populace and resources control – (Army) Operations which provide security for the populace, deny personnel
and materiel to the enemy, mobilize population and materiel resources, and detect and reduce the effectiveness
of enemy agents. Populace control measures include curfews, movement restrictions, travel permits, registration
cards, and resettlement of civilians. Resource control measures include licensing, regulations or guidelines,
checkpoints (for example, road blocks), ration controls, amnesty programs, and inspection of facilities. Most
military operations employ some type of populace and resources control measures. (FM 3-57) (Marine Corps)
Control measures that assist host nation governments or de facto authorities in retaining control over their
population centers, thus precluding complicating problems that may hinder joint mission accomplishment.
Populace and resources control measures seek to identify, reduce, relocate, or access population resources that
may impede or otherwise threaten joint operation success. Also called PRC. (MCRP 5-12C)
pop-up point – The location at which aircraft quickly gain altitude for target acquisition and engagement. Also
called PUP.(FM 3-01)
port – A place at which ships may discharge or receive their cargoes. It includes any port accessible to ships on the
seacoast, navigable rivers, or inland waterways. The term “port” should not be used in conjunction with air
facilities, which are designated as aerial ports, airports, etc. (FM 4-01.30)
position – (Marine Corps) A location or area occupied by a military unit. 2. The location of a weapon, unit, or
individual from which fire is delivered upon a target. (MCRP 5-12C)
position area for artillery – An area assigned to an artillery unit where individual artillery systems can maneuver to
increase their survivability. A position area for artillery is not an area of operations for the artillery unit
occupying it. (FM 3-09)
position defense—(Marine Corps) The type of defense in which the bulk of the defending force is disposed in
selected tactical localities where the decisive battle is to be fought. Principal reliance is placed on the ability of
the forces in the defended localities to maintain their positions and to control the terrain between them. The
reserve is used to add depth, to block, or restore the battle position by counterattack.
posterior (or dorsal) - Toward the back of the body. Reference point is the coronal plane. (ATTP 4-46.1)
potable water – Water that is free from disease-producing organisms, poisonous substances, and chemical or
biological agents and radioactive contaminants which make it unfit for human consumption and many other
uses. (FM 10-27-4).
power projection – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/p/10683.html [Note: the Army
replaces “political” with “diplomatic.”] See ADP 3-0. (Marine Corps) The application of measured, precise
offensive military force at a chosen time and place, using maneuver and combined arms against enemy forces.
(MCRP 5-12C)
prebreathing time - The time spent prior to a high-altitude drop when the parachutists and jumpmaster breathe 100percent oxygen. (ATTP 3-18.11)
precision munition - A munition that corrects for ballistic conditions using guidance and control up to the aimpoint
or submunitions dispense with terminal accuracy less than the lethal radius of effects. (FM 3-09)
precision smart munition - A munition or submunition that autonomously searches for, detects, classifies, selects,
and engages a target or targets. A precision smart munition has a limited target discrimination capability. (FM
3-09)
preliminary release point - The point above the ground at which the initial vector stops and the free-fall drift factor
begins. Also called PRP. (ATTP 3-18.11)
preclusion of damage – A nuclear planning restriction used in conjunction with least separation distance to avoid
damage to important structures. If appropriate, it is included in the commander’s guidance. See also least
separation distance; preclusion of obstacles. (FM 100-30)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
preclusion of obstacles – A nuclear planning restriction used in conjunction with least separation distance which, if
appropriate, is included in the commander’s guidance. It can include preclusion of fallout and tree blowdown.
See also least separation distance; preclusion of damage. (FM 100-30)
preclusion-oriented method analysis – A method of analyzing nuclear targets used when detailed information
about size, composition, disposition, location, and movement is not available. (FM 100-30)
pre-combat checks - Procedures for all individuals assigned to a convoy to determine if equipment required for a
mission is available and serviceable. Also called PCCs. (FM 4-01.45)
pre-combat inspections - The series of inspections scheduled early in the preparation sequence to insure that all
pre-combat checks have been performed properly and that all vehicles, weapons, communications, special, and
individual equipment are available and functional. Also called PCIs. (FM 4-01.45)
pre-deployment cost estimate - Supports operational assumptions and decisionmaking processes. The cost estimate
defines and supports requests for reprogramming or additional appropriations. The working estimate measures
actual costs, and which can determine the changes in cost that would result from changes to the operational
plan. This estimate usually is required on short notice, sometimes within hours of notification. This estimate is
the most difficult and unreliable of the three estimates due to the lack of supporting information. (FM 1-06)
preparation – Those activities performed by units and Soldiers to improve their ability to execute an operation.
(ADP 5-0)
pre-position – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/p/6235.html See FM 3-35.1 [Note: Marine
Corps uses “preposition.”].
pre-positioned supplies – Supplies located at or near the point of planned use or at other designated locations to
reduce reaction time and to ensure resupply. (FM 3-35.1)
prescribed load – The quantity of combat essential supplies and repair parts (other than ammunition) authorized by
major commanders to be on hand in units and which is carried by individuals or on unit vehicles. The prescribed
load is continuously reconstituted as used. (FM 4-0)
pre-stock point – Location where mines, explosives, and materials for use in preparation of a planned obstacle are
stored. (FM 20-32)
primary position – (Army) The position that covers the enemy’s most likely avenue of approach into the area of
operations. (ADRP 3-90) See also alternative position; area of operations; battle position; subsequent
position; supplementary position. (Marine Corps) A position that provides the best means to accomplish the
assigned mission. (MCRP 5-12C)
prime contract – (DOD) A contract or contractual action entered into by the United States government for the
purpose of obtaining supplies, materials, equipment, or services of any kind. See ATTP 4-10.
prime vendor – (DOD) A contracting process that provides commercial products to regionally grouped military
and federal customers from commercial distributors using electronic commerce. Customers typically receive
materiel delivery through the vendor’s commercial distribution system. Also called PV. See ATTP 4-10.
priority intelligence requirement – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/p/10148.html See
FM 2-01.3, MCRP 2-3A, ADRP 5-0. (Marine Corps) An intelligence requirement associated with a decision
that will critically affect the overall success of the command’s mission. Also called PIR. (MCRP 5-12C) See
also commander’s critical information requirement; intelligence.
priority of fire(s) – (Army) The commander’s guidance to his staff, subordinate commanders, fire support planners,
and supporting agencies to organize and employ fire support in accordance with the relative importance of the
unit’s mission. (ADRP 3-09) (Marine Corps) Guidance to a fire support planner to organize and employ fire
support means in accordance with the relative importance of the maneuver unit’s missions. (MCRP 5-12C) See
also fire support.
priority of support – A Priority set by the commander to ensure a subordinate unit has support in accordance with
it relative importance to accomplishing the mission. (ADRP 5-0)
priority target – A target on which the delivery of fires takes precedence over all the fires for the designated firing
unit or element. The firing unit or element will prepare, to the extent possible, for the engagement of such
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
targets. A firing unit or element may be assigned only one priority target. The designation may be based on
either time or importance. (FM 3-09)
privity of contract – (DOD) The legal relationship that exists between two contracting parties, for example,
between the prime and sub-contractor. See ATTP 4-10.
probability – In risk analysis, the likelihood that an event will occur. There are five degrees of probability: frequent
(A), likely (B), occasional (C), seldom (D), and unlikely (E). See also risk. (FM 5-19)
probable line of deployment – (Army) A phase line that designates as the location where the commander intends
to deploy the unit into assault formation before beginning the assault. (ADRP 3-90) (Marine Corps) An easily
recognized line selected on the ground where attacking units deploy in line formation prior to beginning a night
attack. Also called PLD. (MCRP 5-12C) See also phase line.
procedures – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/p/659.html See ADRP 3-0. (Marine Corps)
The particular courses or modes of action for performing certain functions. (MCRP 5-12C) See also
techniques.
procedure word - A word or phrase limited to radio telephone procedure used to facilitate communication by
conveying information in a condensed standard form. Also called proword. (FM 6-02.53)
process - A bony projection or prominence. (ATTP 4-46.1)
procuring contracting officer – (DOD) A contracting officer who initiates and signs the contract. Also known as
PCO. Also see contracting officer. See ATTP 4-10.
program of targets – (Army) A number of planned targets of a similar nature that are planned for sequential attack.
See also attitude, circular target, point target, linear target, and rectangular target (FM 3-09) (Marine Corps)
The predetermined sequential attack of targets of a similar nature. It may be executed on-call, at a specific time,
or when a particular event occurs. (MCRP 5-12C) See also planned target.
proliferation – (DOD) The transfer of weapons of mass destruction, related materials, technology, and expertise
from suppliers to hostile state or non-state actors. (JP 3-40) See FM 100-30.
prone - Lying on anterior surface of the body (stomach) with the face down. (ATTP 4-46.1)
proof – The verification that a lane is free of mines or explosive hazards and that the width and trafficability at the
point of breach are suitable for the passing force. (ATTP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8)
protection – (DOD) The preservation of the effectiveness and survivability of mission-related military and
nonmilitary personnel, equipment, facilities, information, and infrastructure deployed or located within or
outside the boundaries of a given operational area. See ADRP 5-0 See also active defense; passive defense;
mission-oriented protective posture.
protection obscuration – Obscuration placed within the operational environment that contributes to increased
protection of United States forces and their interests by defeating or degrading detection, observation, and
engagement capabilities of adversaries. (FM 3-11.50) See also deception obscuration; marking obscuration;
screening obscuration; self-defense obscuration; sustained obscuration; temporary obscuration; visual
obscuration.
protection warfighting function – The related tasks and systems that preserve the force so the commander can
apply maximum combat power to accomplish the mission. (ADRP 3-0) Also see warfighting function.
protective obstacles – Obstacles used to protect Soldiers, equipment, supplies, and facilities from enemy attacks or
other threats. (FM 90-7)
proximal - Nearest the axial skeleton or closer to the origin of a structure, near the trunk or head. A term usually
used for the limb bones. For example, the head of the humerus is the proximal end. (ATTP 4-46.1)
prudent risk – A deliberate exposure to potential injury or loss when the commander judges the outcome in terms
of mission accomplishment as worth the cost. (ADP 6-0)
pulp - The soft tissue that constitutes the central cavity of the tooth. It includes nerves and blood vessels. (ATTP 446.1)
pulp cavity - The entire central cavity of a tooth, which contains the pulp. (ATTP 4-46.1)
pursuit – An offensive operation designed to catch or cut off a hostile force attempting to escape, with the aim of
destroying it. (FM 3-90/MCRP 5-12C)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
push – 1. In intelligence and communications, the broadcasting of information to multiple stations simultaneously
without the need for them to request or interrogate the host system. (FM 11-32) 2. In logistics, the delivery of a
predetermined amount of supplies to a user on a scheduled basis without the user requesting them. (FM 4-0)
—Q—
quartering party – A group of unit representatives dispatched to a probable new site of operations in advance of the
main body to secure, reconnoiter, and organize an area prior to the main body’s arrival and occupation.
(FM 3-90) See also advance party.
quartering wind – Wind that blows between tail and flank winds toward the smoke objective. See also head wind;
tail wind. (FM 3-11.50)
—R—
rad – See centigray.
radio listening silence – The situation where radios are on and continuously monitored with strict criteria when a
station on the radio network is allowed to break silence. For example, “maintain radio listening silence until
physical contact with the enemy is made.” (FM 6-02.53) See also radio silence.
radio silence – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/r/6482.html (Note: In combined or United
States Joint or intra-Service communications the frequency bands and/or types of equipment affected will be
specified.)
radius of vulnerability (nuclear) – The radius of a circle about ground zero within which friendly personnel will be
exposed to a risk equal to, or greater than, the emergency risk criterion, or within which materiel will be
subjected to a 5-percent probability of the specified degree of damage. Also called RV. (FM 100-30)
raid – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/r/18356.html See FM 3-90. (Marine Corps) 1. An
attack, usually small scale, involving a penetration of hostile territory for a specific purpose other than seizing
and holding terrain. It ends with a planned withdrawal upon completion of the assigned mission. 2. In
amphibious operations, conducted as an independent operation or in support of other operations, such as another
landing, land operations, or air or naval operation. When required, they are conducted by stealth or
appropriately supported so that they resemble the early stages of an amphibious assault, except they include a
provision for withdrawal. 3. In artillery operations, the movement of an artillery unit (or portion of that unit) to
a designated firing position to attack a high-payoff target with artillery fires followed by the immediate
withdrawal to a safe location. (MCRP 5-12C)
rally point – 1. An easily identifiable point on the ground at which units can reassemble and reorganize if they
become dispersed. (ADRP 1-02MCRP 5-12A) (Army) 2. An easily identifiable point on the ground at which
aircrews and passengers can assemble and reorganize following an incident requiring a forced landing. Also
called RP. (ADRP 1-02/MCRP 5-12A)
range – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/r/6507.html See FM 6-30.
range probable error – The range error caused by dispersion that will be exceeded as often as not in an infinite
number of rounds fired at the same elevation and is one-eighth of the length of the dispersion pattern at its
greatest length. The value is given in the firing tables. (FM 6-20-40)
ratification – (DOD) The process of approving an unauthorized commitment by an official who has the authority to
do so. See also unauthorized commitment. See ATTP 4-10.
reachback – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/r/11141.html See ADRP 3-0. (Marine
Corps) The ability to exploit resources, capabilities, expertise, etc., not physically located in the theater or a
joint operations area, when established. (MCRP 5-12C)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
rear area – (Marine Corps) That area extending forward from a command’s rear boundary to the rear of the area
assigned to the command’s subordinate units. This area is provided primarily for the performance of combat
service support functions. (MCRP 5-12C)
rear area security — (Marine Corps) The measures taken before, during, and/or after an enemy airborne attack,
sabotage action, infiltration, guerrilla action, and/or initiation of psychological or propaganda warfare to
minimize the effects thereof. Also called RAS. (MCRP 5-12C)
rear area response forces – Forces responsible for operational area security threats beyond the capability of base
defenses. See also security operations. (FM 3-90)
rear boundary – A boundary that defines the rearward limits of the unit’s area. It usually also defines the start of
the next echelon’s support/rear area. (FM 3-90) See also area of operations; boundary.
rear echelon - This echelon contains those elements of the force that are not required in the objective area. (FM 390)
rear operations—Military actions conducted to support and permit force sustainment and to provide security for
such actions. (MCRP 5-12C)
rearm, refuel, and resupply point – A designated point through which a unit passes where it receives fuel,
ammunition, and other necessary supplies to continue operations. Also called R3P. (FM 6-20-30)
rearward passage of lines – When a unit passes through another unit’s position while moving away from the
enemy. Also called RPOL. (FM 3-90) See also forward passage of lines; passage of lines.
reclamation – Regeneration or processing of a material to recover a usable product. Examples include the recovery
of lead from spent batteries and the regeneration of spent solvents. (FM 3-34.5)
reconnaissance handover – The process of transferring information and/or responsibility for observation or
surveillance of potential enemy contact or an assigned area from one element to another. (FM 3-20.96)
reconnaissance handover line – A designated phase line on the ground where reconnaissance responsibility
transitions from one element to another. (FM 3-20.96)
reconnaissance in force – (Army) A deliberate combat operation designed to discover or test the enemy’s
strength, dispositions, and reactions or to obtain other information. (FM 3-90) (Marine Corps) A deliberate
attack made to obtain information and to locate and test enemy dispositions, strengths, and reactions. It is used
when knowledge of the enemy is vague and there is insufficient time or resources to develop the situation.
(MCRP 5-12C)
reconnaissance operations – Those operations undertaken to obtain, by visiual observation or other detection
methods, information about the activities and resources of an enemy or adversary, or to secure data concerning
the meteorological, hydrographical or geographical characteristics and the indigenous population of a particular
area. (FM 3-90)
reconnaissance objective – A terrain feature, geographical area, enemy force, adversary, or other mission or
operational variable, such as specific civil considerations, about which the commander wants to obtain
additional information. (FM 3-90)
reconnaissance pull – Reconnaissance that determines which routes are suitable for maneuver, where the enemy is
strong and weak, and where gaps exist, thus pulling the main body toward and along the path of least resistance.
This facilitates the commander’s initiative and agility. (FM 3-90)
reconnaissance push – Reconnaissance that refines the common operational picture, enabling the commander to
finalize the plan and support shaping and decisive operations. It is normally used once the commander commits
to a scheme of maneuver or course of action. (FM 3-90)
reconnaissance, selection, and occupation of position - The rapid and orderly movement to and occupation of an
artillery firing position. (FM 3-09)
reconnaissance squadron – A unit consisting of two or more company , battery, or troopsize units and a
headquarters. (ADRP 3-90)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
reconstitution – Extraordinary [Marine Corps uses “Those”] actions that commanders plan and implement to
restore units to a desired level of combat effectiveness commensurate with mission requirements and available
resources. [Army definition ends here] (ADRP 4-0) See also regeneration; reorganization. (Marine Corps) In
maritime prepositioning force operations, the methodical approach to restore the maritime prepositioning
equipment and supplies aboard the maritime prepositioning ships squadron to full mission capable status.
(MCRP 5-12C)
reconstruction – The process of rebuilding degraded, damaged, or destroyed political, socio-economic, and
physical infrastructure of a country or territory to create the foundation for long-term development. (FM 3-07)
rectangular target - A rectangular target is a target that is greater than 200 meters in length and width. See also
attitude, circular target, linear target, point target, and program of targets. (FM 3-09)
reduce – (Army) 1. A tactical mission task that involves the destruction of an encircled or bypassed enemy force.
(FM 3-90) 2. A mobility task to create and mark lanes through, over, or around an obstacle to allow the
attacking force to accomplish its mission. (ATTP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8) See also bypass; destroy; neutralize;
secure; suppress; tactical mission task.
reduction area – A number of adjacent points of breach that are under the control of the breaching commander.
(ATTP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8)
redundancy – Using two or more like assets to collect against the same intelligence requirement. (FM 3-90)
regeneration – (Army) Rebuilding of a unit through large-scale replacement of personnel, equipment, and supplies,
including the reestablishment or replacement of essential command and control and the conduct of
mission-essential training for the newly rebuilt unit. (FM 100-9) (Marine Corps) Significant replacement of
personnel, equipment, and supplies in an attempt to restore a unit to full operational capability as rapidly as
possible. (MCRP 5-12C) See also reconstitution; reorganization.
regular forces – An armed group of individuals who are members of a recognized government’s armed force,
police, or other internal security force. (FM 3-05.130)
rehearsal – A session in which a staff or unit practices expected actions to improve performance in execution.
(ADRP 5-0)
reinforcing – A support relationship requiring a force to support another supporting unit. (ADRP 5-0)
reintegration – A process through which former combatants, belligerents, and dislocated civilians receive amnesty,
reenter civil society, gain sustainable employment, and become contributing members of the local populace.
(FM 3-07)
release line – Phase line used in river crossing operations that delineates a change in the headquarters controlling
movement. Also called RL. See also phase line; river crossing. (ADRP 1-02/MCRP 5-12A)
release point (road) – A location on a route where marching elements are released from centralized control. Also
called RP. (FM 3-90) See also lane; march column; march serial; march unit; route; start point.
relief in place – (Army) An operation in which, by direction of higher authority, all or part of a unit is replaced in an
area by the incoming unit. The responsibilities of the replaced elements for the mission and the assigned area of
operations are transferred to the incoming unit. The incoming unit continues the operation as ordered.
(FM 3-90)
remediation – See restoration.
remote control – In barrier operations, the ability of a user to actuate a charge or change of state of a mine from a
distance. For a mine, remote control is catergorized as follows: a. Remote Control Level 1—Ability to react to a
received remote control stimulus to change from standby state to armed. b. Remote Control Level 2—The same
as Level I, and the added ability to react to a received remote control stimulus to return from armed standby
state. c. Remote Interrogation Capability—The ability of a mine to respond to a remote interrogation on its
state, either armed or standby. This capability may be superimposed in either Level I or Level 2, and may be
indicated by the suffix (I). (FM 3-34.210)
reorganization – (Army) All measures taken by the commander to maintain unit combat effectiveness or return it to
a specified level of combat capability. (FM 3-90) See also reconstitution; regeneration. (Marine Corps)
Action taken to shift internal resources within a degraded unit to increase its level of combat effectiveness.
(MCRP 5-12C)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
requirements development – The detailed work of preparing and coordinating an “acquisition ready” requirements
package that includes: a funding document, a justification for the requirement, SOW/PWS (for a service
contract) or item description (for a commodity request), IGE, and other locally required documents needed for
submission of a requirements package. Additionally, requirements development involves the staffing, internal
approval, and tracking of the requirements package through contract award and contractor start of work as well
as nomination of CORs. (ATTP 4-10)
requiring activity – (DOD) A military or other designated supported organization that identifies and receives
contracted support during military operations. See FM 4-10.
reserve – (Army) That portion of a body of troops which is withheld from action at the beginning of an engagement,
in order to be available for a decisive movement. (ADRP3-90)
reserved obstacles – (Army) Obstacles of any type, for which the commander restricts execution authority.
(FM 90-7)
resource management operations - The execution of the resource management mission includes analyze resource
requirements, ensure commanders are aware of existing resource implications in order for them to make
resource informed decisions, and then obtain the necessary funding that allows the commander to accomplish
the overall unit mission. (FM 1-06)
responsibility - (DOD) The obligation to carry forward an assigned task to a successful conclusion. With
responsibility goes authority to direct and take the necessary action to ensure success. See ADRP 6-0.
responsibility segment - A responsibility segment is a component of a reporting entity that is responsible for
carrying out a mission, conducting a major line of activity, or producing one or a group of related products or
services. (FM 1-06)
responsiveness - The ability to meet changing requirements on a short notice. (FM 1-06)
restoration – The systematic removal of pollution or contaminants from the environment, especially from the soil or
ground water, by physical, chemical, or biological means. Also known as remediation or environmental
cleanup. (FM 3-34.5)
restraint – (Marine Corps) 1. Things that a commander is prohibited from doing that may limit freedom of action.
2. Things that a command prohibits its subordinates from doing. Restraints are included in the rules of
engagement, commander’s guidance, or instructions from higher headquarters. (MCRP 5-12C) See also
constraint.
restricted area – Any area to which entry is subject to special restrictions or control for security reasons or to
safeguard property or material. (ATTP 3-39.32)
restrictive fire area – (DOD) An area in which specific restrictions are imposed and into which fires that exceed
those restrictions will not be delivered without coordination with the establishing headquarters. Also called
RFA. See FM 3-09. Also called RFA. See also fires; restrictive fire line. (Marine Corps) The purpose of the
restrictive fire area is to regulate fires according to the stated restrictions. Also called RFA. (MCRP 5-12C)
restrictive fire line – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/r/89.html See FM 3-09. [Note: the
Marine Corps adds: “Its establishment prevents interference between converging friendly forces without
coordination with the affected force(s).”] (MCRP 5-12C) Also called RFL. See also restrictive fire area.
retain – (Army) A tactical mission task in which the commander ensures that a terrain feature controlled by a
friendly force remains free of enemy occupation or use. (FM 3-90) See also tactical mission task. (Marine
Corps) To occupy and hold a terrain feature to ensure it is free of enemy occupation or use. (MCRP 5-12C)
retirement – (Army) A form of retrograde in which a force out of contact moves away from the enemy (ADRP 390). (Marine Corps) An operation in which a force out of contact moves away from the enemy. (MCRP 512C)
retrograde – (Army) 1. A defensive task that involves organized movement away from the enemy. (ADRP 3-90)
2. (Army) An Army logistics function of returning materiel from the owning/using unit back through the
distribution system to the source of supply, directed ship-to location, and/or point of disposal. (ADRP 102/MCRP 5-12A) (Marine Corps) Any movement or maneuver of a command to the rear, or away from the
enemy. (MCRP 5-12C)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
retrograde movement – Any movement of a command to the rear, or away from the enemy. It may be focused by
the enemy or may be made voluntarily. Such movements may be classified as a withdrawal, retirement, or
delaying action. (FM 3-90)
risk – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/r/6746.html See FM 5-19. (Marine Corps) The
chance of hazard or bad consequences resulting in exposure to possible injury or loss. Risk level is expressed in
terms of hazard probability or severity. (MCRP 5-12C)
risk assessment – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/r/11279.html See FM 5-19.
risk decision – The decision to accept or not accept the risk(s) associated with an action; made by the commander,
leader, or individual responsible for performing that action. See also risk. (FM 5-19)
risk management – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/r/10495.html See FM 5-19. [Marine
Corps adds: The five steps of risk management are identify the hazards, assess the hazards, develop controls and
make risk decision, implement controls, and supervise and evaluate.] (MCRP 5-12C) Also called RM. See also
risk; risk assessment; risk decision.
river crossing – A type of gap-crossing operation required before ground combat power can be projected and
sustained across a water obstacle. It is a centrally planned and controlled offensive operation that requires the
allocation of external crossing means and a force dedicated to the security of the bridgehead. (ATTP 3-90.4)
road clearance time – The total time a column requires to travel over and clear a section of the road. FM 55-30.
rolling stop - The procedure to slow the vehicle and scan the road starting at 5 meters and moving out to 25 meters
around vehicle for improvised explosive devices before coming to a complete stop. (FM 4-01.45)
roll-on/roll-off vessel – Designed with stern and/or side ramps and internal ramps to permit the loading and
off-loading of self-propelled vehicles. (ATTP 4-15)
root - The part of the tooth that anchors the tooth in the alveolus. It is covered by cementum. The root is not visible
in the mouth. (ATTP 4-46.1)
route – The prescribed course to be traveled from a specific point of origin to a specific destination. See FM 401.30..
route capacity – 1. The maximum traffic flow of vehicles in one direction at the most restricted point on the route.
2. The maximum number of metric tons which can be moved in one direction over a particular route in one
hour. It is the product of the maximum traffic flow and the average payload of the vehicles using the route. See
also route. FM 55-30.
route clearance – The detection, investigation, marking and reporting, and neutralization of explosive hazards and
other obstacles along a defined route to enable assured mobility for the maneuver commander. It is a combined
arms operation that relies on a reconnaissance of the route to be cleared. (FM 3-34.210)
route reconnaissance – A directed effort to obtain detailed information of a specified route and all terrain from
which the enemy could influence movement along that route. See also route. (FM 3-90/MCRP 5-12C)
route security operation – A specialized kind of area security operation conducted to protect lines of
communication and friendly forces moving along them. See also area security; line of communications. (FM
3-90)
rule of law – A principle under which all persons, institutions, and entities, public and private, including the state
itself, are accountable to laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced, and independently adjudicated,
and that are consistent with international human rights principles. (FM 3-07)
rules for the use of force – (DOD) Directives issued by competent military authority that delineate the
circumstances and limitations under which United States forces will initiate and/or continue combat
engagement with other forces encountered. See ADRP 3-0.
rules of engagement – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/r/6783.html See ADRP 3-0.
running - A technique used for pointing the canopy in the direction of the wind. (ATTP 3-18.11)
running estimate – The continuous assessment of the current situation used to determine if the current operation is
proceeding according to the commander’s intent and if planned future operations are supportable. (ADP 5-0)
rupture – (Marine Corps) To create a gap in enemy defense positions quickly. (MCRP 5-12C)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
—S—
safe-to-arm altitude - An altitude 5,000 feet AGL or 2,500 feet above the ARR activation altitude, whichever is
higher. (ATTP 3-18.11)
sagittal (or median) - Anatomical plane that separates the body into symmetrical right and left halves. (ATTP 446.1)
sample - Material collected from a source other than animal or man for laboratory analysis (such as water sample or
soil sample). (FM 8-284)
scheduled supplies – Requirements that can be reasonably predicted. A schedule supply normally will not require a
requisition to be submitted by the user for its replacement. Requirements are based on troop strength, equipment
density, forecasts, and daily usage factors. Classes of supply I, III (bulk), V, and VI normally are treated as
scheduled supplies. See also classes of supply. (FM 4-0)
scheduled target – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/s/11403.html [Note: the Army
definition also applies to mortar fire.] See also on-call targets; planned target(s). See FM 6-20-40.
scheme of fires - The detailed, logical sequence of targets and fire support events to find and engage high-payoff
targets to accomplish the supported commander’s intent. (ADRP 3-09)
science of control – (Army) The systems and procedures used to improve the commander’s understanding and
support accomplishing missions. (ADP 6-0)
science of tactics – (Army) Encompasses the understanding of those military aspects of tactics—capabilities,
techniques and procedures—that can be measured and codified. (ADP 3-90)
screen – (Army) A security task [Marine Corps uses “A form of security operation”] that primarily provides early
warning to the protected force. (FM 3-90) See also concealment; flank guard; guard; security operations;
surveillance. (Marine Corps) A security element whose primary task is to observe, identify, and report
information and only fight in self-protection. (MCRP 5-12C)
screening obscuration – Obscuration employed to screen United States forces and their interests, delivered in areas
between friendly and adversary forces or in friendly areas of operation to degrade adversary ground and aerial
detection, observation, and engagement capabilities. (FM 3-11.50) See also deception obscuration; marking
obscuration; protection obscuration; self-defense obscuration; sustained obscuration; temporary
obscuration; visual obscuration.
screen line – A control measure, usually named as a phase line, established forward of the main body during
defensive operations, or during offensive operations as a flank or rear screen oriented on the main body. Once
occupied, it becomes the forward line of own troops and the limit of advance for all friendly forces, although
permission can be obtained from the establishing headquarters to go beyond it. See also control measure;
forward line of own troops; limit of advance; phase line; screen. (FM 3-90)
scud - A mobile, short range theater ballistic missile system. (FM 3-27)
seaport of debarkation – A seaport within the theater of operations where the strategic transportation of forces and
material is completed. Also called SPOD. See also sea port of embarkation. (FM 4-01.30)
seaport of embarkation – An authorized point of departure from a foreign country or the United States located at a
water port. Also called SPOE. See also seaport of debarkation. (FM 4-01.30)
search and attack - A technique for conducting a movement to contact that shares many of the characteristics of an
area security mission. (FM 3-90)
sector of fire – That area assigned to a unit, crew-served weapon, or an individual weapon within which it will
engage targets as they appear in accordance with established engagement priorities. (ADRP 1-02/MCRP 5-12A)
sector of observation - The entire area visible to the crew member. (FM 4-01.45)
secure – (Army) A tactical mission task that involves preventing a unit, facility, or geographical location from being
damaged or destroyed as a result of enemy action. (FM 3-90) See also breach; destroy; reduce; suppress;
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
tactical mission task. (Marine Corps) To gain possession of a position or terrain feature, with or without force,
and to prevent its destruction or loss by enemy action. The attacking force may or may not have to physically
occupy the area. (MCRP 5-12C)
security area – (Army) That area that begins at the forward area of the area of the battlefield and extends as far to
the front and flanks as security forces are deployed. Forces in the security area furnish information on the
enemy and delay, deceive, and disrupt the enemy and conduct counterreconnaissance. (ADRP 3-90) (Marine
Corps) The area that begins at the forward edge of the battle area and extends as far to the front and flanks as
security forces are deployed, normally to the forward boundary of the area of operations. Forces in the security
area conduct reconnaissance to furnish information on the enemy and to delay, deceive, and disrupt the enemy.
(MCRP 5-12C) See also counterreconnaissance; delay; disrupt.
security cooperation – (DOD) All Department of Defense interactions with foreign defense establishments to build
defense relationships that promote specific US security interests, develop allied and friendly military
capabilities for self-defense and multinational operations, and provide US forces with peacetime and
contingency access to a host nation. See ADRP 3-0.
security force — (Marine Corps) The detachment deployed between the main body and the enemy (to the front,
flanks, or rear of the main body) tasked with the protection of the main body. The security force may be
assigned a screening, guarding, or covering mission. (MCRP 5-12C)
security force assistance – (Army) The unified action to generate, employ, and sustain local, host-nation, or
regional security forces in support of legitimate authority. (FM 3-07)
security operations – Security operations are those operations undertaken by a commander to provide early and
accurate warning of enemy operations, to provide the force being protected with time and maneuver space
within which to react to the enemy, and to develop the situation to allow the commander to effectively use the
protected force. (FM 3-90) See also cover; guard; rear area response forces; screen.
security procedural measures - Physical security measures to counter risk factors that will periodically change
over a period of time — such as criminal, terrorist, and hostile threats. The procedures can usually be changed
in a short time and involve manpower. (ATTP 3-39.32)
security sector reform – The set of policies, plans, programs, and activities that a government undertakes to
improve the way it provides safety, security, and justice. (FM 3-07)
seize – (Army) A tactical mission task that involves taking possession of a designated area using overwhelming
force. (FM 3-90) (Marine Corps) To clear, occupy, and control a designated area. (MCRP 5-12C) See also
contain; tactical mission task.
self-defense obscuration – Obscuration employed to protect United States forces at the vehicle level. Self-defense
obscuration is used to defeat or degrade adversary area of operations weapon system guidance links. See also
deception obscuration; marking obscuration; protection obscuration; screening obscuration; sustained
obscuration; temporary obscuration; visual obscuration. (FM 3-11.50)
self-development training domain - The self-development training domain includes planned, goal-oriented
learning that reinforces and expands the depth and breadth of an individual’s knowledge base, self-awareness,
and situational awareness; complements institutional and operational learning; enhances professional
competence; and meets personal objectives. (ADP 7-0)
self-recovery capable - A condition in which the vehicle can move under its own power and is able to clear the
battlefield under its own power. (FM 4-30.31)
sensitive site assesment - Determination of whether threats or hazards associated with a sensitive site warrant
exploitation. Also called SSA. (ATTP 3-11.23)
serial assignment table – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/s/6960.html [Note: the Army
definition adds: “Also used in airborne and air assault operations, and may be used in noncombatant evacuation
operations.”] See also air assault operation; airborne operation; noncombatant evacuation operations. See
FM 90-26.
series of targets – A number of targets and/or groups of targets fired in a predetermined sequence in support of a
scheme of maneuver. See also fire support; scheme of maneuver. (FM 3-09)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
severity – The expected consequence of an event (hazardous incident) in terms of degree of injury, property
damage, or other mission impairing factors (loss of combat power and so on) that could occur. (FM 5-19)
shaping – (Marine Corps) The use of lethal and nonlethal activities to influence events in a manner that changes the
general condition of war to an advantage. (MCRP 5-12C)
shaping operation – (Army) An operation that establishes conditions for the decisive operation through effects on
the enemy, other actors, and the terrain. (ADRP 3-0) See also battlefield organization; decisive operation;
sustaining operation.
sheaf – In artillery, mortar and naval gunfire support, planned planes (lines) of fire that produce a desired pattern of
bursts with rounds fired in two or more weapons. (FM 6-30) See also fire support.
shift fire – The command to move the cone of fire in a direction away from a friendly maneuvering force so that
enemy forces continue to be struck by the beaten zone at the same time the friendly unit moves. (FM 6-20-40)
short –In direct fire, a sensing of a round hitting below the target or between the target and the firing system. See
also fire support. (FM 6-30)
shot –A message sent to the observer to alert him that rounds for his call for fire are in the air and prepared to
provide a sensing of the relation of their impact to the target. See also fire support. (FM 6-30)
short-range air defense—A family of air defense artillery weapon systems that provide very low-to-low altitude air
defense. (FM 3-01.7)
signal operating instructions – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/s/7051.html See
FM 6-02.53. (Marine Corps) See “communications-electronics operating instructions.”.
signal security – (Army) Measures intended to deny or counter hostile exploitation of electronic emissions. Signal
security includes communications security and electronics security. (FM 6-02.53)
signals intelligence - (DOD) A category of intelligence comprising either individually or in combination all
communications intelligence, electronic intelligence, and foreign instrumentation signals intelligence, however
transmitted. 2. Intelligence derived from communications, electronic, and foreign instrumentation signals. Also
called SIGINT. See ADRP 2-0.
signature – 1. The visible or audible effects produced when firing a weapon or operating a piece of equipment, such
as obscuration, noise, flame/heat, or debris. 2. An electronic emission subject to detection and traceable to the
equipment producing it. (FM 3-11.50)
silhouette - The outline or general shape of something contrasted against a lighter background. (FM 3-11.50)
simplicity
- The minimization of complexity in the sustainment of operations. (FM 1-06)
simultaneous activities - The continuous, simultaneous combinations of offensive, defensive, and stability
operations or defense support of civil authorities as appropriate to a given mission. (MCRP 5-12C)
single envelopment - A form of maneuver that results from maneuvering around one assailable flank of a
designated enemy force. (ADRP 3-90)
sinus - A cavity within a cranial bone. (ATTP 4-46.1)
site characterization – A complete description and inventory of all personnel, equipment, material, and information
discovered during exploitation. (ATTP 3-11.23)
site exploitation - Systematically searching for and collecting information, materials, and persons from a designated
location and analyzing them to answer information requirements, facilitate subsequent operations, or support
criminal prosecution. (ATTP 3-90.15)
situational awareness – (Marine Corps) Knowledge and understanding of the current situation that promotes
timely, relevant, and accurate assessment of friendly, enemy, and other operations within the battlespace in
order to facilitate decisionmaking. An informational perspective and skill that fosters an ability to determine
quickly the context and relevance of events that are unfolding. (MCRP 5-12C)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
situational obstacle – An obstacle that a unit plans and possibly prepares prior to starting an operation, but does not
execute unless specific criteria are met. (FM 90-7)
situational understanding – (Army) The product of applying analysis and judgment to relevant information to
determine the relationship among the operational and mission variables to facilitate decisionmaking. (ADP 5-0)
See also relevant information. (Marine Corps) The product of applying analysis and synthesis to relevant
information to determine the relationship among the mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support
available—time available variables to facilitate decisionmaking. (MCRP 5-12C)
situation template – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/s/10171.html See FM 2-01.3/MCRP
2-3A. (Marine Corps) A series of projections that portray, based on enemy doctrine, the most probable
disposition and location of enemy forces within contraints imposed by weather and terrain. (MCRP 5-12C)
skull - The entire bony framework of the head and mandible. (ATTP 4-46.1)
smoke blanket – See obscuration blanket.
smoke curtain – See obscuration curtain.
smoke generator fuel #2 - See fog oil.
smoke haze – See obscuration haze.
smoke pot – An expendable bucket or pot-like ammunition that produces dense obscuration by burning a smoke
mixture. (FM 3-11.50)
smoke projectile - See obscuration projectile
soldier and leader engagement - Interpersonal interactions by Soldiers and leaders with audiences in an area of
operations. (FM 3-13)
sole-source contract – A sole source contract implies that there is only one person or company that can provide the
contractual services needed and that any attempt to obtain bids would only result in one person or company
being available to meet the need. (ATTP 4-10)
solid waste – Any material or substance (solid or liquid) which is inherently waste-like by being no longer suitable
for its originally intended purpose. See also hazardous waste; waste. (FM 3-34.5)
soman – See g-series nerve agent.
sophisticated weapons – Precision guided munitions, equipped with infrared, electro-optical, or laser
seeker/tracker, with or without command links, with high accuracy and a high probability of kill against a
target. (FM 3-11.50)
source reduction – The decrease of hazardous waste generation at its sources. This reduction is to be achieved
through product substitution, recycling, and inventory control, and by developing new industrial processes that
use less hazardous materials, such as bead blasting rather than solvents to remove paint. See also hazardous
material; hazardous waste. (FM 3-34.5)
spalling - The flaking, chipping, or fragments of the runway. (FM 3-04.300)
special air operation - An air operation conducted in support of special operations and other clandestine, covert,
and military information support activities. (FM 3-76)
special obscurant – Obscurant that blocks or attentuates a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as
visual, infrared, or millimeter wave. See also artificial obscurant; by-product obscurant; infrared obscurat;
millimeter wave obscuration; multispectral obscurant; natural obscurant; obscurant; visual obscurant
(FM 3-11.50)
special operations task force – A temporary or semi-permanent grouping of Army special operations forces units
under one commander, formed to carry out a specific operation or a continuing mission. Also called SOTF.
(FM 3-05)
special military information support operations study – With narrower focus than a basic military information
support operations study, it may address a variety of different subjects. It can cover a particular target group, a
region within a country, a significant social institution, and media analysis. It can also cover local audiences’
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
perceptions of the United States and its policies, or an issue of particular importance to the population of a given
area. Also called SMS. (FM 3-53)
special purpose Marine air-ground task force – (Marine Corps) A Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF)
organized, trained, and equipped with narrowly focused capabilities. It is designed to accomplish a specific
mission, often of limited scope and duration. It may be any size, but normally it is a relatively small force—the
size of a Marine expeditionary unit or smaller. In a joint or multinational environment, it may contain other
Service or multinational forces assigned or attached to the MAGTF. Also called SPMAGTF. (MCRP 5-12C)
See also aviation combat element; command element; ground combat element; logistics combat element;
Marine air-ground task force; Marine expeditionary force; Marine expeditionary force (Forward);
Marine expeditionary unit.
special tactics team - A team consisting of combat control, special operations weather, and pararescue personnel.
Also called STT. (ATTP 3-18.11)
specified combatant command – See specified command.
specified task (s) – (Army) A task specifically assigned to a unit by its higher headquarters. (ATTP 5-0.1) See also
essential task; implied task. (Marine Corps) Those tasks delineated in the mission order received from higher
headquarters. (MCRP 5-12C)
specimen – Material collected from a man or animal for laboratory analysis (such as tissue or blood specimen).
(FM 8-284)
spill – A generic term that encompasses the accidental and the deliberate but unpermitted discharge or release of a
pollutant. (FM 3-34.5)
spine - A long, thin, sharp projection. (ATTP 4-46.1)
split-based operation – The dividing of staff and command functions so that only those functions absolutely
necessary are deployed, allowing some staff and command functions to be accomplished outside the area of
operations. See also area of operations; reachback. (FM 4-0)
spoiling attack – (Marine Corps) Usually employed by armored units in defense by an attack on enemy assembly
positions in front of a main line of resistance or battle position. A spoiling attack is usually an offensive action
conducted in the defense. (MCRP 5-12C)
spotter personnel - Personnel designated to look for specific threats to the convoy. (FM 4-01.45)
spotting - A technique used by the jumpmaster to visually align the aircraft and release the parachutists at the proper
release point. (ATTP 3-18.11)
stability mechanism – The primary method through which friendly forces affect civilians in order to attain
conditions that support establishing a lasting, stable peace. (ADRP 3-0)
stabilization – The process by which underlying tensions that might lead to resurgence in violence and a breakdown
in the law and order are managed and reduced, while efforts are made to support preconditions for successful
long-term development. (FM 3-07)
staff section – A grouping of staff members by area of expertise under a coordinating, special, or personal staff
officer. (ATTP 5-0.1)
staging field – A predetermined area where aircraft assemble prior to conducting an air assault operation. See also
air assault operation. (ATTP 3-18.12)
staging plan – An air assault operation plan, based on the loading plan, that prescribes the arrival time of the ground
units (troops, equipment, and supplies) at the pickup zone in the proper order for movement. See also air
assault operation; pickup zone. (ATTP 3-18.12)
standard atmosphere - An idealized description of the average properties of the earth’s atmosphere, including the
relationship between atmospheric pressure and altitude, based on a pressure of 29.92 Hg or 1,013 millibars, at
MSL. All aviation altimeters are calibrated to the standard atmosphere pressure-altitude curve to permit uniform
adjustment under variable atmospheric and geographic conditions. (ATTP 3-18.11)
standard bridging - Any bridging derived from manufactured bridge systems and components that are designed to
be transportable, easily constructed, and reused. (ATTP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8)
standing operating procedure – (Marine Corps only) Note: Army uses the joint term “standard operating
procedure.” (MCRP 5-12C)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
Standard precautions – Handwashing after patient contact. Using gloves when touching blod, body fluids,
secretions, excretions, and contaminated items. Using mask, eye protection, and gown during procedures likely
to generate splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions. Handling contaminated patientcare equipment and linens in a manner that prevents the transfer of microorganisms to people or equipment.
Practicing care when handling sharps and using mouthpiece or other ventilation device as an alternative to
mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, when practical. Placing the patient in a private room if they contaminate the
environment, when feasible. (FM 8-284)
standoff munitions disruption – Remotely detonating, disrupting, or deflagrating a small ordnance at safe
distances. Also known as SMUD. (FM 3-34.210)
start point – A location on a route where the march elements fall under the control of a designated march
commander. (FM 3-90)
state vector - Grouping of six mathematical values that describe the three-dimensional location, direction, and speed
of an airborne or spaceborne object in relation to the Earth’s surface. (FM 3-27)
stature - The height of any animal while standing. (ATTP 4-46.1)
stay behind force –A force which is left in position to conduct a specified mission when the remainder of the force
withdraws or retires from the area. FM 3-90.
stay-behind operation – An operation in which the commander leaves a unit in position to conduct a specified
mission while the remainder of his forces withdraw or retire from the area. (FM 3-90)
stewardship - Stewardship, from a financial management perspective is the careful and responsible management of
those resources entrusted to the government in order to execute responsible governance. (FM 1-06)
straggler control – Operations conducted to regulate friendly forces who have become separated from their
commands by events in the area of operations. (FM 3-39)
streamer – The obscuration cloud formed by a single obscuration source. (FM 3-11.50)
strike warning – Warning given in advance of a friendly nuclear attack to ensure that friendly forces are able to
protect themselves from its effects. Also called STRIKWARN. (FM 100-30)
striking force – A dedicated counterattack force in a mobile defense constituted with the bulk of available combat
power. See also mobile defense. (ADRP 3-90)
strong point – (Army) A heavily fortified battle position tied to a natural or reinforcing obstacle to create an anchor
for the defense or to deny the enemy decisive or key terrain. (ADRP 3-90) (Marine Corps) A key point in a
defensive position, usually strongly fortified and heavily armed with automatic weapons, around which other
positions are grouped for its protection. Also called SP. (MCRP 5-12C) See also battle position; mobile
defense; reinforcing obstacles.
subcontract – A contract or contractual action entered into by a prime contractor and subcontractor, or a
subcontractor to another subcontractor, for the purpose of obtaining supplies, materials, equipment, or services
of any kind under a prime contract. See also contingency contracts. (ATTP 4-10)
subsequent position – A position that a unit expects to move to during the course of battle. (ADRP 3-90)
superior - Closer to the head. Reference point is the horizontal plane. (ATTP 4-46.1)
supervised route – In road traffic, a roadway over which limited control is exercised by means of traffic control
posts, traffic patrols, or both. Movement credit is required for its use by a column of vehicles or a vehicle of
exceptional size and weight. See also route. FM 55-30.
supine - Lying on the back with the face up. (ATTP 4-46.1)
supplementary position – (Army) A defensive position located within a unit’s assigned area of operations that
provides the best sectors of fire and defensive terrain along an avenue of approach that is not the primary
avenue along where the enemy is expected to attack. (ADRP 3-90) See also alternate position; area of
operations; battle position; sector of fire. (Marine Corps) A position that provides the best means to
accomplish a task that cannot be accomplished from the primary or alternate position. (MCRP 5-12C)
supply – The acquiring, receiving, storing, and issuing of all classes of supply, except Class VIII, required to equip
and sustain Army forces. See also classes of supply. (ADRP 4-0)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
supply discipline – Command responsibility to identify and redistribute excess materials, observe senior
commander’s priorities, and ensure subordinates operate within the legal boundaries of the logistics system.
(ADRP 4-0)
supply point distribution – A method of distributing supplies to the receiving unit at a supply point, railhead, or
truckhead. The unit then moves the supplies to its own area using its own transportation. (FM 4-0)
supply site – A location where supplies, services, and materials are located or stored in a permanent or
semipermanent facility. (FM 4-0)
support area – An area for any commander that extends from its rear boundary forward to the rear boundary of the
next lower level of command. (ADRP 3-0)
support bridging - Bridges used to establish semipermanent or permanent support to planned movements and road
networks. Normally used to replace tactical bridging when necessary. (ATTP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8)
support by fire – (Army) A tactical mission task in which a maneuver force moves to a position where it can
engage the enemy by direct fire in support of another maneuvering force. (FM 3-90) (Marine Corps) A position
that provides the best means to accomplish a task that cannot be accomplished from the primary or alternate
position. (MCRP 5-12C) See also attack by fire; direct fire; overwatch; tactical mission task.
support by fire position - The general position from which a unit conducts the tactical mission task of support by
fire. (ADRP 3-90)
supported unit – As related to contracted support, a supported unit is the organization that is the recipient, but not
necessarily the requester of, contractor-provided support. (ATTP 4-10)
support force – That force in a breaching operation whose mission is to eliminate enemy interference with the
breach through suppressive, direct, and indirect fires. The support force is one of the three breach organizations
used in breaching operations. (ATTP 3-90.4) See also breach force; direct fire; suppressive fire.
supporting distance – The distance between two units that can be traveled in time for one to come to the aid of the
other and prevent its defeat by an enemy or ensure it regains control of a civil situation. (ADRP 3-0) See also
supporting range.
supporting effort – A designated subordinate unit with a mission that supports the success of the main effort.
(ADRP 3-0)
supporting range – The distance one unit may be geographically separated from a second unit yet remain within
the maximum range of the second unit’s weapons systems. (ADRP 3-0) See also supporting distance.
support to civil administration – Assistance given by U.S. armed forces to stabilize or to continue the operations
of the governing body or civil structure of a foreign country, whether by assisting an established government or
by establishing military authority over an occupied population. Also known as SCA. (FM 3-57)
suppress – A tactical mission task that results in temporary degradation of the performance of a force or weapons
system below the level needed to accomplish the mission. (FM 3-90) See also breaching fundamentals;
tactical mission task.
suppressive fire – (Army) Any engagement that does not have a definite or visible target. Firing in the general
direction of a known or suspected enemy location. [Note: see AAP-6 under “suppresion fire.”] See also fire.
(FM 3-22.9)
surface water – All water naturally open to the atmosphere (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, streams,
impoundments, seas, or estuaries) and all springs, wells, or other collectors directly influenced by surface water.
(FM 3-34.5)
survey – The directed effort to determine the location and the nature of chemical, biological, and radiological hazard
in an area. (FM 3-11)
surveillance - (DOD) The systematic observation of aerospace, surface or subsurface areas, places, persons, or
things by visual, aural, electronic, photographic, or other means. See FM 3-55.
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
survivability – (Marine Corps) The degree to which a system is able to avoid or withstand a manmade hostile
environment without suffering an abortive impairment of its ability to accomplish its designated mission.
(MCRP 5-12C) See also concealment. See also concealment; survivability operations.
survivability move – A move that involves rapidly displacing a unit, command post, or facility in response to direct
and indirect fires, tha approach of an enemy unit, a natural phenomenon or as a proactive measure based on
intelligence, meteorological data and risk analysis of enemy capabilities and intentions (including weapons of
mass destruction). (FM 3-90)
survivability operations – Those military activities that develop and construct protective positions, such as earth
berms, dug-in positions, overhead protection, and countersurveillance means, to reduce the effectiveness of
enemy weapon systems. (FM 3-34) See also survivability.
survival, evasion, resistance, and escape – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/s/17988.html
See FM 3-05.231.
sustained obscuration – Obscuration characterized by integrated planning, used for extended oeriods throughout
large areas during stationary or mobile obscuration missions. See also deception obscuration; marking
obscuration; protection obscuration; screening obscuration; self-defense obscuration; temporary
obscuration; visual obscuration. (FM 3-11.50)
sustaining operation – An operation at any echelon that enables the decisive operation or shaping operations by
generating and maintaining combat power. (ADRP 3-0) See also battlefield organization; decisive operation;
shaping operation.
sustainment – The provision of logistics, personnel services, and health services support (HSS) necessary to
maintain operations until mission accomplishment. (ADRP 4-0)
sustainment brigade – A flexible, multifunctional sustainment organization, tailored and task organized according
to METT-TC. (FM 4-0)
sustainment maitenance – Maintenance which is generally characterized as repair of components, repairs occur off
system, and the system is returned to the supply system. (FM 4-0)
sustainment warfighting function – The related tasks and systems that provide support and services to ensure
freedom of action, extend operational reach, and prolong endurance. (ADRP 3-0) Also see warfighting
function.
suture - A specially serrated and interlocking joint where the adjacent bones of the skull meet. (ATTP 4-46.1)
symphysis (singular); symphyses (plural) - The line or junction formed by a cartilaginous articulation, the most
common being between the two bones of the pelvis and the two halves of the mandible. (ATTP 4-46.1)
synchronization – (DOD) The arrangement of military actions in time, space, and purpose to produce maximum
relative combat power at a decisive place and time See ADP 3-0 and ADRP 3-0.
synchronization matrix – A tool the staff uses to record the results of war-gaming and helps them synchronize a
course of action across time, space, and purpose in relationship to potential enemy and civil actions.
(ATTP 5-0.1)
system of systems - Capability that is primarily composed of previously existing systems, items, or capabilities,
generally more limited or simpler in function. (FM 3-27)
system security level A - A level of protection applied when the loss, theft, destruction, or misuse of the resource
will result in great harm to US strategic capability. (FM 3-27)
systems support contracts – Are pre-arranged contingency contracts awarded by Army program executive and
project/product management offices that provide deployed fielding support, technical support, maintenance
support and, in some cases, Class IX support for selected military weapon and support systems. (ATTP 4-10)
—T—
tacit knowledge – Comprehesion gained through study, experience, practice, and human interaction. (FM 6-01.1)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
tactical air control party – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/t/11541.html See FM 3-52.
[Marine Corps adds: “A subordinate operational component of a tactical air control system organic to infantry
divisions, regiments, and battalions. Tactical air control parties establish and maintain facilities for liaison and
communications between parent units and airspace control agencies, inform and advise the ground unit
commander on the employment of supporting aircraft, and request and control air support.”] Also called TACP.
(MCRP 5-12C)
tactical ballistic missile predicted ground impact point – An elliptical area that indicates where a tactical ballistic
missile (TBM) most likely will strike the ground. This area varies in size based on the known or suspected
accuracy of the TBM if it functions normally. Also called TBMPGIP. (FM 3-01)
tactical bridging - Bridges used for the immediate mobility support of combat maneuver forces in close combat.
They are very often employed under the threat of direct or indirect fire and are intended to be used multiple
times for short periods. (ATTP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8)
tactical command post – A facility containing a tailored portion of a unit headquarters designed to control portions
of an operation for a limited time. (ATTP 5-0.1) See also command post.
tactical control – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/t/9366.html See ADRP 5-0.
tactical convoy. A deliberately planned combat operation to move personnel and or cargo via a group of ground
transportation assets in a secure manner to or from a target destination under the control of a single commander
in a permissive, uncertain, or hostile environment. (FM 4-01.45)
.
tactical marine terminal – Tactical petroleum storage system used for on-shore storage when fixed petroleum
storage facilities are not available. It has a storage capacity of 2,100,000 gallons (50,000-gallon collapsible
bags, eight 600-gpm pumps, six 600-gpm filter/separators, and related hoses and fittings. (FM 10-67)
tactical mission task – The specific activity performed by a unit while executing a form of tactical operation or
form of maneuver. It may be expressed in terms of either actions by a friendly force or effects on an enemy
force. See also mission statement. (FM 7-15)
tactical mobility – The ability to move rapidly from one part of the area of operations to another, relative to the
enemy. See also tactical level of war. (FM 3-90)
tactical pipeline system – A temporary or semi-permanent pipeline system constructed of readily coupled pipe or
tubing sections and rapidly erected or placed storage tanks to furnish fuel to advancing units in corps and
division areas. (FM 10-67)
tactical road march – A rapid movement used to relocate units within an area of operations in order to prepare for
combat operations. (FM 3-90) See also area of operations.
tactical questioning - (DOD) Direct questioning by any Department of Defense personnel of a captured or detained
person to obtain time-sensitive tactical intelligence information, at or near the point of capture or detention and
consistent with applicable law. See FM 2-91.6
tactician – An individual devoted to mastering the science and art of tactics. (ADRP 3-90)
tactics, techniques, and procedures – See individual definitions for tactics; techniques; procedures. Also called
TTP.
tail wind – Wind that blows toward the obscuration objective/target from behind the obscuration source. See also
head wind; quartering wind. (FM 3-11.50)
target – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/t/7495.html See FM 3-60.
targeted area of interest – (Army) The geographical area or point along a mobility corridor where successful
interdiction will cause the enemy to abandon a particular course of action or require them to use specialized
engineer support to continue. It is where they can be acquired and engaged by friendly forces. Also called TAI.
(ADRP 1-02/MCRP 5-12A) See also high-payoff target; high-value target.
targeting - (DOD) The process of selecting and prioritizing targets and matching the appropriate response to them,
considering operational requirements and capabilities. See ADRP 5-0.
target list – The listing of targets maintained and promulgated by the senior echelon of command; it contains those
targets that are to be engaged by supporting arms, as distinguished from a “list of targets” that may be
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
maintained by any echelon as confirmed, suspected, or possible targets for informational and planning purposes.
See also list of targets; target. (FM 6-20-40).
target reference point – An easily recognizable point on the ground (either natural or man-made) used to initiate,
distribute, and control fires. Target reference points (TRPs) can also designate the center of an area where the
commander plans to distribute or converge the fires of all his weapons rapidly. They are used by task force and
below, and can further delineate sectors of fire within an engagement area. TRPs are designated using the
standard target symbol and numbers issued by the fire support officer. Once designated, TRPs also constitute
indirect fire targets. See also engagement area; sector of fire. (ADRP 1-02/MCRP 5-12A)
target selection standards - Target selection standards are criteria, applied to enemy activity (acquisitions and
battlefield information), used in deciding whether the activity is a target. (FM 3-09)
target signature – (Marine Corps) The visible or audible effects produced when a weapon is fired or piece of
equipment is operated, such as noise, smoke, flame, heat, debris, or an electronic emission that is detectable and
traceable to the weapon/equipment producing it. (MCRP 5-12C)
task order – (DOD) Order for services placed against an established contract. See also civil augmentation
program; cost-plus award fee contract. See ATTP 4-10.
task organization – (Army) A temporary grouping of forces designed to accomplish a particular mission.
(ADRP 5-0) [Note: the Marine Corps adds “Task organization involves the distribution of available assets to
subordinate control headquarters by attachment or by placing assets in direct support or under the operational
control of the subordinate.”]
task-organizing – (Army) The act of designing an operating force, support staff, or sustainment package of specific
size and composition to meet a unique task or mission. (ADRP 3-0)
technical channels - (Army) Technical channels provide commanders with the means to rapidly employ or modify
functional capabilities for mission requirements. It enables the timely implementation of techniques,
procedures, standards, configurations, and designs in support of operations at all levels. Technical channels
neither constitutes nor bypasses command authority, but serves as the mechanism for ensuring the execution of
clearly delineated technical tasks, functions, and capabilities to meet the dynamic requirements of full spectrum
operations. The orders process will delineate the appropriate authorities required to implement functional
capabilities from Army down to the lowest echelons of command through the use of technical channels. (FM 602.71)
technical control - The supervision of human intelligence, counterintelligence, and signals intelligence collection
tactics, techniques, and procedures. Technical control does not interfere with tasking organic human
intelligence, counterintelligence, and signals intelligence collection assets; it ensures adherence to existing
policies or regulations by providing technical guidance for human intelligence, counterintelligence, and signals
intelligence tasks within the information collection plan. (ATTP 2-01)
technical coordination - Technical coordination encompasses the provision of recommendations and advice to
theater commanders and staff regarding the employment, integration, direction, and control of FM forces for the
accomplishment of assigned missions. (FM 1-06)
technical intelligence - (DOD) Intelligence derived from the collection, processing, analysis, and exploitation of
data and information pertaining to foreign equipment and materiel for the purposes of preventing technological
surprise, assessing foreign scientific and technical capabilities, and developing countermeasures designed to
neutralize an adversary’s technological advantages. Also called TECHINT. See ADRP 2-0. See also
intelligence.
technical survey – The detailed topographical and technical investigation of known or suspected mined areas
identified during the planning phase. Previously referred to as a Level 2 survey. (FM 3-34.210)
techniques – (Marine Corps) The general and detailed methods used by troops and/or commanders to perform
assigned missions and functions, specifically, the methods of using equipment and personnel. See also
procedures. (MCRP 5-12C).
temperature gradient – Comparison of the air temperature at .5 meters above the ground with the air temperature
at 4 meters above the ground. (FM 3-11.50)
tempo – The relative speed and rhythm of military operations over time with respect to the enemy.
(ADRP 3-0/MCRP 5-12C)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
temporary obscuration – Obscuration characterized by minimal planning, used for short periods to counter enemy
action or anticipated enemy action of concern to the commander. See also deception obscuration; marking
obscuration; protection obscuration; screening obscuration; self-defense obscuration; sustained
obscuration; visual obscuration. (FM 3-11.50)
terminal high altitude area defense - An Army system that will destroy a ballistic missile as it transitions from the
mid-course to the terminal phase of its flight. It is a land-based element that has the capability to intercept both
inside and outside of the atmosphere. (FM 3-27)
terminal phase – That state of an obscuration cloud when the cloud has thinned out and the cover is no longer
effective. See also buildup phase; individual streamer; uniform phase. (FM 3-11.50)
terminal velocity - The velocity at which a falling object attains its maximum, constant speed, normally about 125
miles per hour for a free-fall parachutist. (ATTP 3-18.11)
terrain analysis – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/t/1989.html See FM 2-01.3 (Army)
The study of the terrain’s properties and how they change over time, with use, and under varying weather
conditions. Terrain analysis starts with the collection, verification, processing, revision, and construction of
source data. It requires the analysis of climatology (current and forecasted weather conditions), natural and
man-made features, and enemy or friendly vehicle performance metrics. Terrain analysis is a technical process
and requires the expertise of geospatial information technicians and geospatial engineers. (ATTP 3-34.80)
terrain management – The process of allocating terrain by establishing areas of operation, designating assembly
areas, and specifying locations for units and activities to deconflict activities that might interfere with each
other. (ADRP 5-0) See also area of operations; assembly area.
terrain reinforcement – The emplacement of obstacles or the construction of fighting positions and cover to
degrade enemy mobility or to enhance friendly survivability. See also countermobility operations;
survivability operations. (FM 3-34)
theater air and missile defense—The integration of joint force capabilities to destroy air or theater missile threats
in flight or prior to launch, or to otherwise disrupt the enemy’s air and theater missile operations through an
appropriate mix of offensive counterair and defensive counterair operations, consisting of mutually supporting
passive air defense, active air defense, attack operations, and supporting command, control, communications,
computers, and intelligence measures. (FM 3-01.7)
theater storage area – A theater level ammunition support activity operated by one or more ordnance companies
that receives, stores, issues, and maintains the theater conventional ammunition reserves; should be linked with
air, road, rail, and seaborne networks and facilities when possible. (FM 4-30.1)
theater support contracts – A type of contingency contract awarded by contracting officers deployed to the
operational area serving under the direct contracting authority of the Service component, special operations
force command or designated joint head of contracting authority for the designated contingency operation.
(ATTP 4-10)
thermal infrared - Electromagnetic energy with a wavelength range of 3 to 20 micrometers. (FM 3-11.50)
threat – Any combination of actors, entities, or forces that have the capability and intent to harm United States
forces, United States national interests, or the homeland. (ADRP 3-0)
threat change messaging portal—A SIPRNET-based portal used for the purpose of facilitating the threat change
validation process. This portal permits threat change validation request submittals from reprogramming centers
of all Services and threat change validation message replies from the Service production centers, information
warfare centers, Service components, and observed signals centers. Also called TCMP. (FM 3-13.10)
third-party personnel/vehicle - Personnel or vehicles that are not part of the convoy operation. (FM 4-01.45)
threatened species – Those species that are likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout
all or a significant portion of their range. See also endangered species. (FM 3-34.5)
360-degree security - Combining maximum all-around visibility for situational awareness, interlocking sectors of
fire and mutual support. (FM 4-01.45)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
throughput – (Marine Corps) In logistics, the flow of sustainability assets in support of military operations, at all
levels of war, from point of origin to point of use. It involves the movement of personnel and materiel over lines
of communications using established pipelines and distribution systems. (MCRP 5-12C) See also line of
communications.
time of attack – The moment the leading elements of the main body cross the line of departure, or in a night attack,
the point of departure. (ADRP 3-90) See also line of departure; point of departure.
time on target – (DOD) http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/t/7630.html See FM 100-30. (Marine
Corps) The local time, expressed in minutes after the hour, when the forward air controller desires ordnance
impact on target. Also called TOT. (MCRP 5-12C)
time warnings - The warnings given by the jumpmaster, in minutes, to alert the parachutist to the time remaining
before exiting the aircraft. (ATTP 3-18.11)
toggles - The nylon loops attached to lines that control the forward speed of the canopy and left and right
maneuvering, mounted on the front side of the front risers. (ATTP 3-18.11)
topographical crest – Highest point on a hill, ridge, or mountain. See also military crest. (FM 3-25.26)
total asset visibility (Marine Corps) The ability to access on demand the status and location of any required
materiel. Also called TAV. (MCRP 5-12C)
total malfunction - A type of malfunction in which the parachute remains in the pack tray. (ATTP 3-18.11)
toxic – Capable of producing illness, injury, or damage to humans, domestic livestock, wildlife, or other organisms
through ingestion, inhalation, or absorption through any body surface. (FM 3-34.5)
toxin agent – Poisonous byproduct of living organism used to cause disease, illness, or death in susceptible
individuals. (FM 8-284)
traffic control – Includes all active and passive measures used to mitigate traffic congestion and enable safe
movement of vehicular and pedestrian traffic. (ATTP 3-39.10)
traffic control post – Manned post used to preclude interruption of traffic flow or movement along designated
routes. It is used to support maneuver and mobility support operations when required to facilitate movement.
Also called TCP. (FM 3-39)
trailer transfer point – A location where trailers are transferred from one carrier to another while en route. See also
logistics release point. (FM 55-30)
trail party – The last march unit in a march column and normally consists of primarily maintenance elements in a
mounted march. (FM 3-90) See also march serial; march unit; maintenance collection point.
training domain - A sphere of learning in which unit training and leader development activities occur. The training
domains are institutional, operational, and self-development. (ADRP 7-0)
training and evaluation outline - A summary document that provides information on collective training objectives,
related individual training objectives, resource requirements, and applicable evaluation procedures for a type of
organization. (ADRP 7-0)
training objective - A statement that describes the desired outcome of a training activity in the unit. It consists of
the task, conditions, and standard. (ADRP 7-0)
transitional military authority – A temporary military government execising the functions of civil administration
in the absence of a legitimate civil authority. (FM 3-07)
transportation – A logistics function: the movement of units, personnel, equipment, and supplies to support the
concept of operations. Transportation incorporates military, commercial, and multinational assets.
Transportation includes motor, rail, air, and water modes. Transportation nodes include motor, rail, air, and
water terminal operations. Transportation also includes movement control and associated activities.
(ADRP 4-0)
traveling overwatch – A movement technique used when contact with enemy forces is possible. The lead element
and trailing element are separated by a short distance which varies with the terrain. The trailing element moves at
variable speeds and may pause for short periods to overwatch the lead element. It keys its movement to terrain and
the lead element. The trailing element overwatches at such a distance that, should the enemy engage the lead
element, it will not prevent the trailing element from firing or moving to support the lead element. (FM 390/MCRP 5-12C)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
trigger – 1. Event- or time-oriented criteria used to initiate planned actions directed toward achieving surprise and
inflicting maximum destruction on the enemy. 2. A designated point or points (selected along identifiable
terrain) in an engagement area used to mass fires at a predetermined range. See also engagement area.
(FM 6-30)
trigger line – A phase line used to initiate and mass fires into an engagement area or an objective at a predetermined
range for all or like weapon systems. See also engagement area; phase line. (ADRP 1-02/MCRP 5-12A)
trochanter - A large roughened prominence for the attachment of muscles, specifically one of two processes
(greater trochanter and lesser trochanter) found on the femur for the attachment of rotator muscles. (ATTP 446.1)
troop – (Army) A company-size unit in a cavalry organization. (ADRP 3-90)
troop leading procedures – A dynamic process used by small-unit leaders to analyze a mission, develop a plan, and
prepare for an operation. (ADP 5-0)
troop movement – The movement of troops from one place to another by any available means. (FM 3-90)
true azimuth – Direction measured as an angle to the east of the north star (Polaris). See also azimuth.
(FM 3-25.26)
tubercle - A small, roughened, rounded eminence. (ATTP 4-46.1)
tuberosity - A roughened, rounded protuberance, such the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus. (ATTP 4-46.1)
turn – A tactical mission task that involves forcing an enemy force from one avenue of approach or mobility
corridor to another. Turn is also an obstacle effect that integrates fire planning and obstacle effort to drivert an
enemy formation from one avenue of approach to an adjacent avenue of approach or into an engagement area.
(FM 3-90) See also tactical mission task.
turning movement – (Army) A form of maneuver in which the attacking force seeks to avoid the enemy’s principle
defensive positions by seizing objectives behind the enemy’s current positions thereby causing the enemy force
to move out of their current positions or divert major forces to meet the threat. (ADRP 3-90)
2X
- The *2X Staff conducts mission and RM for all HUMINT and CI entities located within the designated AOIR.
It coordinates, deconflicts, and synchronizes all HUMINT and CI activities in the designated AOIR. (“*2X”
indicates 2X functions at all levels.) (FM 2-22.3)
—U—
unauthorized commitment – A non-binding agreement between a contractor and a US government official who
lacks proper contracting authority to enter into a contract or to change a contract. (ATTP 4-10)
uncommitted forces –A force that is not in contact with an enemy and is not already deployed on a specific
mission or course of action. (FM 3-90/MCRP 5-12C)
unconventional warfare - Activities conducted to enable a resistance movement or insurgency to coerce, disrupt, or
overthrow a government or occupying power by operating through or with an underground, auxiliary, and
guerrilla force in a denied area. Also called UW. (ADRP 3-05)
unified action – (DOD) The synchronization, coordination, and/or integration of the activities of governmental and
nongovernmental entities with military operations to achieve unity of effort. See ADP 3-0, ADRP 3-0 and
ADRP 6-0.
unified action partners – Those military forces, governmental and nongovernmental organizations, and elements of
the private sector with whom Army forces plan, coordinate, synchronization, and integrate during the conduct
of operations. (ADRP 3-0)
unified land operations – (Army) How the Army seizes, retains, and exploits the initiative to gain and maintain a
position or relative advantage in sustained land operations through simultaneous offensive, defensive, and
stability operations in order to prevent or deter conflict, prevail in war, and create the conditions for favorable
conflict resolution. (ADP 3-0)
uniform phase – Phase of obscuration during which the uniformly obscuring cloud exists: the streamers have joined
and the breakup of the cloud has not begun. (FM 3-11.50) See also buildup phase; individual streamer;
terminal phase.
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
unit configured load – Load built to the known requirements of a consuming unit. These loads are normally built in
the corps area of operations to be delivered directly to the consuming unit. Also called UCL. (FM 4-0).
unit distribution – A method of distributing supplies by which the receiving unit is issued supplies in its own area,
with transportation furnished by the issuing agency. (FM 10-1)
unity of effort – (DOD) Coordination, and/ cooperation toward common objectives, even if the participants are not
necessarily part of the same command or organization – the product of successful unified action. See ADP 3-0,
ADRP 3-0, and ADRP 6-0.
unit trains – Logistics support and medical personnel and equipment organic or attached to a force that provides
support such as supply, evacuation, and maintenance services. Unit trains, whether or not echeloned, are under
unit control and no portion of them is released to the control of a higher headquarters. Trains are normally
echeloned into combat and field trains. See also evacuation; field trains; supply. (ADRP 4-0)
unmanned aircraft—The flying component of an unmanned aircraft system. It does not include the payload unless
stated otherwise. (FM 3-01.7)
unmanned aircraft system—A powered aerial vehicle that does not carry an human operator, uses aerodynamic
forces to provide vehicle lift, can fly autonomously or be remotely operated, can be expendable or recoverable,
and can carry a lethal or nonlethal payload. Ballistic or semi-ballistic vehicles, cruise missiles unmanned
aircraft rockets or rocket-assisted launches, and artillery projectiles are not considered unmanned aircraft
systems. (FM 3-01.7)
up – (NATO) In artillery and naval fire support: a. A term used in a call for fire to indicate that the target is higher
in altitude than the point which has been used as a reference point for the target location. b. A correction used
by an observer or a spotter in time fire to indicate that an increase in height of burst is desired. [Note: the Army
definition also applies to mortar fire.] (Army) Indirect fire, a term used to move the point of aim higher than the
previous point of aim, usually expressed in mils. (FM 6-30) See also fire support.
urban area – A topographical complex where manmade construction or high population density is the dominant
feature. (FM 3-06) See also urban environment.
urban area of operations—(Marine Corps) A concentration of structures, facilities, and populations, such as
villages, cities, and towns, that form the economic and cultural focus for the surrounding area. (MCRP 5-12C)
urban environment – The physical urban area, as well as the complex and dynamic interaction among its key
components—the terrain (natural and manmade), the population, and the supporting infrastructure—as an
overlapping and interdependent system of systems. (FM 3-06) See also urban area.
urban operations – Operations across the range of military operations planned and conducted on, or against
objectives on a topographical complex and its adjacent natural terrain, where man-made construction or the
density of population are the dominant features. (FM 3-06)
U.S. military prisoner – A person sentenced to confinement or death during a court-martial and ordered into
confinement by a competent authority, whether or not the convening authority has approved the sentence.
(FM 3-39.40)
—V—
V-agents – Persistent, highly toxic nerve agents absorbed primarily through the skin. (FM 3-11)
vee formation – A combat formation that disposes the unit with two maneuver elements abreast and one or more
units trailing. See also movement formation; wedge formation. (FM 3-90)
vehicle distance – The clearance between vehicles in a column which is measured from the rear of one vehicle to
the front of the following vehicle. See also march column; march serial; march unit. (FM 3-90).
viral agents – A group of viruses that have been selected as biological warfare agents because of their ability to
produce disease, illness, and death in susceptible individuals. (FM 8-284)
vertical angle - The vertical angle is the smaller angle in a vertical plane from the horizontal to a straight line
joining the observer and target. The vertical angle is expressed as plus or minus depending on whether the
position is above (plus) or below (minus) the horizontal plane. (FM 3-09)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
vertical interval - The vertical interval is the difference in altitude between the unit or observer and the target or
point of burst. The vertical interval is expressed as plus or minus depending on whether the unit or observer is
above (plus) or below (minus) the horizontal plane (FM 3-09)
visibility - The distance at which it is possible to distinguish a prominent object against the background with the
unaided eye. (FM 3-11.50)
visibility criteria – The unit commander’s requirement for minimum visibility in an obscuration cloud.
(FM 3-11.50)
visible spectrum - The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum lying between 0.4 and 0.7 micrometers. (FM 311.50)
visual obscurant – Obscurant whose employment is intended to degrade or defeat proper operation and/or
performance of lin-of-sight sensory equipment and electro-optical devices associated with weapon system and
equipment capabilities that require access to wavelengths of military significance located within the visual
portion of the electromagnetic sppectrum, including near-infrared, specifically the 0.4 through 1.2 micron range.
(FM 3-11.50) See also artificial obscurant; by-product obscurant; infrared obscurant; millimeter wave
obscuration; multispectral obscurant; natural obscurant; obscurant; special obscurant.
visual obscuration – A particulate of solid or liquid matter, part of low vapor pressure that settles slowly under the
influence of gravity. (FM 3-11.50) See also deception obscuration; marking obscuration; protection
obscuration; screening obscuration; self-defense obscuration; sustained obscuration; temporary
obscuration.
vulnerabilities Characteristics, motives, or conditions of the target audience that can be used to influence behavior.
(FM 3-05.301) See also target audience.
vulnerability analysis – A process to determine which friendly elements are within the radius of vulnerability for a
proposed friendly weapon of mass destruction target and whether they will be exposed to a radiation risk greater
than emergency risk. (ATTP 3-11.36) See also radius of vulnerability (nuclear); vulnerability.
vulnerable state – A nation either unable or unwilling to provide adequate security and essential services to
significant portions of the population. (FM 3-07)
—W—
waiting area – A location adjacent to the route or axis that may be used for the concealment of vehicles, troops, and
equipment while an element is waiting to resume movement. Waiting areas are normally located on both banks
(or sides) close to crossing areas. (ATTP 3-90.4/MCWP 3-17.8) See also route.
walk-around bottle - A large, low-pressure oxygen cylinder that may be used by either the jumpmaster or safety
personnel not connected to the oxygen console or the aircraft oxygen system. (ATTP 3-18.11)
warehousing – The process of storing, issuing, receiving securing, and accounting for materiel. (FM 4-01.4)
warfighting function – (Army) A group of tasks and systems (people, organizations, information, and processes),
united by a common purpose that commanders use to accomplish missions and training objectives. (ADRP 3-0)
warfighting functions – (Marine Corps) The six mutually supporting military activities integrated in the conduct of
all military operations: The six warfighting functions are command and control, fires, force protection,
intelligence, logistics, and maneuver. (MCRP 5-12C)
wargaming – A step-by-step process of action, reaction, and counteraction for visualizing the execution of each
friendly course of action in relation to enemy courses of action and reactions. See also commander’s
visualization; decision point. (ADRP 1-02/MCRP 5-12A)
warm zone – The area between the hot and cold zones where personnel and equipment decontamination and hot
zone support take place. It includes control points for the access corridor and thus assists in reducing the spread
of contamination. (ATTP 3-11.36)
waste – Any discarded material. See also hazardous waste; medical waste; solid waste. (FM 3-34.5)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
weapon control status—A description of the relative degree of control of air defense fires. Weapon control
statuses(weapons free, weapons tight, weapons hold) apply to weapon systems, volumes of airspace, or types of
airplatforms. The degree or extent of control varies depending on the tactical situation. (FM 3-01.7)
weapons free—In air defense, a weapon control status used to indicate that weapons systems may be fired at any
target not positively identified as friendly. (FM 3-01.7)
weapons hold—In air defense, a weapon control status used to indicate that weapons systems may be fired only in
self-defense or in response to a formal order. (FM 3-01.7)
weapons of mass destruction counterforce – A tactical objective to defeat the full range of CBRN threats before
they can be employed as weapons. (FM 3-11)
weapons of mass destruction proliferation prevention – Employs tactical level capabilities to support operational
and strategic non-proliferation objectives of combating WMD. (FM 3-11)
weapons tight—In air defense, a weapon control status used to indicate that weapons systems may be fired only at
targets identified as hostile. (FM 3-01.7)
wedge formation – A combat unit formation with subordinate elements in a vee formation with the point toward the
suspected or templated enemy positions. This facilitates control and transition to the assault (line formation).
The wedge provides maximum firepower forward and good firepower to the flanks. (FM 3-90) See also vee
formation.
white phosphorus – A spontaneously flammable solid that burns to form solid obscuration particles of phosphorus
pentoxide, which then reacts with moisture in the atmosphere to form droplets of phosporic acid. (FM 3-11.50)
whole of government approach – An approach that integrates the collaborative efforts of the departments and
agencies of the United States Government to achieve unity of effort toward a shared goal. (FM 3-07)
wide area security – The application of the elements of combat power in unified action to protect populations,
forces, infrastructure, and activities; to deny the enemy postions of advantage; and to consolidate gains in order
to retain the initiative. (ADP 3-0).
wind-cocked - The claimed tendency of some parachute designs to face downwind automatically and to maintain
this facing throughout descent. (ATTP 3-18.11)
wind drift formula - A formula used to locate the proper release point. (ATTP 3-18.11)
wind line - An imaginary line extending upwind from the target area to the opening point. (ATTP 3-18.11)
wind/weather-cocking - The environmentally (for example, wind, air pressure/density, altitude, and so on) induced
“downwind” flight path of an aerodynamic projectile/parachute. By virtue of design, the ram-air parachute will,
if unmanipulated, establish a downwind glide path and fly a predictable route to a calculated point of impact.
(ATTP 3-18.11)
working estimate - HQDA formulates the working estimate based on data provided by the respective component
commands. This estimate builds on the budget estimates centered on actual execution of the operational plan.
These estimates are revised/updated formally on a quarterly basis (through the Quarterly Contingency Cost
Estimate Report) and reported to OUSD(C). (FM 1-06)
working group – (Army) A grouping of predetermined staff representatives who meet to provide analysis,
coordinate, and provide recommendations for a particular purpose or function. (ATTP 5-0.1)
wrist altimeter adjustment - In general, the practice of setting a wrist altimeter to zero on the ground at the DZ to
permit determination of a jumper’s height AGL. The barometric calculator provides the capability for adjusting
wrist altimeters at a remote location to obtain a zero reading on the ground at the DZ. (ATTP 3-18.11)
wrist altimeter setting - The number of feet, AGL, to which a wrist altimeter at a remote location should be set to
obtain a zero reading on the ground at the DZ. (ATTP 3-18.11)
—X—
X-hour – The unspecified time that commences unit notification for planning and deployment preparation in
support of potential contingency operations that do not involve rapid, no-notice deployment. (FM 5-0)
X-hour sequence – Extended sequence of events initiated by X-hour that allows a unit to focus on planning for a
potential contingency operation, to include preparation for deployment. See also X-hour. (FM 5-0)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)
—Z—
zone reconnaissance – (Army) A form of reconnaissance that involves a directed effort to obtain detailed
information on all routes, obstacles, terrain, and enemy forces within a zone defined by boundaries. (FM 3-90)
(Marine Corps) A directed effort to obtain detailed information concerning all routes, obstacles (to include
chemical or radiological contamination), terrain, and enemy forces within a zone defined by boundaries. A zone
reconnaissance normally is assigned when the enemy situation is vague or when information concerning
cross-country trafficability is desired. (MCRP 5-12C)
CADD Terminologist – Army & Marine Corps Doctrinal Terms Database Running Draft (23 MAY 2012)