Metamorphic Rock
Classification
Dana Desonie, Ph.D.
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Printed: February 24, 2013
AUTHOR
Dana Desonie, Ph.D.
www.ck12.org
C ONCEPT
Concept 1. Metamorphic Rock Classification
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Metamorphic Rock
Classification
• Describe how metamorphic rocks are classified.
Why is this called Marble Canyon?
Marble Canyon in the Grand Canyon is made of sedimentary rock. But Marble Canyon in Death Valley is made of
marble, metamorphosed limestone. Notice how shiny the marble is where it was smoothed by sand in rushing water.
The rock has the altered appearance of metamorphic rock.
Metamorphic Rocks
Table 1.1 shows some common metamorphic rocks and their original parent rock.
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TABLE 1.1: Common Metamorphic Rocks
Picture
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Rock Name
Slate
Type of
Rock
Foliated
Metamorphic
Comments
Phyllite
Foliated
Metamorphism of slate,
but under greater heat and
pressure than slate
Schist
Foliated
Often derived from metamorphism of claystone or
shale; metamorphosed under more heat and pressure than phyllite
Gneiss
Foliated
Metamorphism of various
different rocks, under extreme conditions of heat
and pressure
Hornfels
Non-foliated
Contact metamorphism
of various different rock
types
Metamorphism of shale
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Concept 1. Metamorphic Rock Classification
TABLE 1.1: (continued)
Picture
Rock Name
Quartzite
Type of Metamorphic
Rock
Non-foliated
Comments
Marble
Non-foliated
Metamorphism of limestone
Metaconglomerate
Non-foliated
Metamorphism of conglomerate
Metamorphism of quartz
sandstone
Summary
• Foliated metamorphic rocks are platy; non-foliated metamorphic rocks are massive.
• The more extreme the amount of metamorphism, the more difficult it is to tell what the original rock was.
• Marble is metamorphosed limestone.
Practice
Use this resource to answer the questions that follow.
MEDIA
Click image to the left for more content.
1. How are metamorphic rocks classified?
2. How do metamorphic rocks form?
3. What is recrystallization?
4. Why are these rocks the most dense?
5. Where do metamorphic rocks form?
6. Where does regional metamorphism occur?
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7. What is a foliated rock?
8. What does shale become when heated and put under pressure?
9. What is schist?
10. Describe gneiss.
11. What is the evidence for regional metamorphosis?
12. What is contact metamorphism?
13. Where does contact metamorphism occur?
14. Describe non-foliated rocks.
15. Why is hornfels unique?
Review
1. How do geologists tell what the parent rock of a metamorphic rock was, particularly a rock that was highly
metamorphosed?
2. How do slate, phyllite, and schist differ from each other? How are they the same?
3. How does quartzite differ from a metamorphosed sandstone that is made of more than one mineral?
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