Marseille
THE FACTS
City: Marseille-Aix-en-Provence
Major Cities: Marseille, Aix-en-Provence
Country: France
Age Profile:
Population: 1,472,000
Population Density: 1,200/km2
Sex Profile: 47.6% Male / 52.4% Female; 95.2M : 100F
Governance Structure: Mayor-Council
Years
Share
< 15
17.9%
15–64
65.1%
> 64
17.0%
ECONOMY AND LABOUR FORCE
Occupational Typology (C/S/W): 16.5% / 58.4% / 24.9%
Top Employers: Although no list identifying the top employers in
Marseille-Aix-en-Provence was found, some of the region’s most
prominent companies include (employee count included in brackets
where found): CMA CGM (4,150), NHIndustries, Comex (or Compagnie
Maritime d’Expertises), Onet, Avenir Telecom, Adrexo, Richardson,
Eurovia Méditeranée, and Colas Midi Méditeranée (1,800).
Creative Cities Strategies
La Friche Belle de Mai (La Friche) is located in a forty-thousand-square-meter former tobacco factory, to the northeast of the historic centre of Marseille. It was created in 1992
as a new form of culture centre, and consists of musical
associations, recording studios, writing, sound and voice
workshops, together with workshops for theatre, architecture and sculpture. There is also a local radio, a newspaper,
and a restaurant. A skate park was also added to La Friche
in 2009, which brought even more diversity and life to the
former industrial space. These diverse activities enable La
Friche, whose resources come mainly from public funds, to
contribute to the local development of arts and culture. La
Friche offers creators a place to work, share experiences,
and promote their new productions. At the same time, its
various workshops contribute to the social integration of
troubled youth.
Over 500 events and festivals are held at La Friche annually. La Friche has over 180 international artistic partnerships, and presents art from over 1,000 artists in theater,
dance, film and art — both classic and “street” — every
year. Apart from the organized shows, the governing organization allowed the site to be covered, almost entirely, with
graffiti murals, and the public is invited to visit and walk
through the grounds free of charge from 7am to midnight
everyday. In addition, to public arts, culture, and sport offer-
Image source: http://www.mp2013.fr/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/110218__
Court-Jobin-NUIT_psd-iphone.jpg
ings, the organizers of La Friche also developed an audiovisual, multimedia, and digital media cluster on the site: Le Pôle
Média. Further, the European Commission chose Marseille
– after Strasbourg and Paris — as the location for its third
MEDIA Antenna in France in 2008, and set up its headquarters in the centre of the Le Pôle Média on April 27, 2009.
The play and work nature of La Friche, and the broad
swath of cultural, artistic, technological, and business
endeavours that intermingle on site make La Friche an
excellent example of the type of creative space that helps
to foster new ideas and grow creativity.
1
Marseille
Labour Force Distribution by Sector:
Industry
Total
Agriculture
Total
Proportion of Total
1,279,017
100%
1,460
0.10%
Independent basic, manual, or personal service provision
39,282
3.10%
Higher-order professions: Professors, sciences, arts
112,458
8.80%
Intermediate professions: Teachers, health care, social services
181,353
14.20%
Employed service providers
215,983
16.90%
Labourers
130,550
10.20%
Self-supporting unemployed or retiree aged 53+
312,238
24.40%
Eligible but non working and/or non-self-supporting
285,692
22.30%
GDP: $62,841M
Economic Growth Rate: Data for this category was available at only
the department and regional level.1 In 2005, the GDP of the Bouchesdu-Rhône department was 53,678M euros. At the larger regional level,
the Provence-Alpes-Cote d’Azur region’s GDP grew from 134,793 to
137,660 (in 2005 euros), or 2.13%, from 2009 to 2010. From 2000 to
2009, the regional GDP grew from 99,636M to 138,002M (in chained
2000 euros), or 38.51%.
1
Information for several categories in this matrix was available only at political boundary scales larger than the urban area of Marseille-Aix-en-Province:
the department, and the region. The department of Bouches-du-Rhône, in which Marseille-Aix-en-Province is located, is slightly larger in population than
the urban area (1,616,487 compared to 1,472,000), and has been used several times in this report as a proxy for information not available on the city. The
region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur has a significantly larger population (4,049,575) than does Marseille-Aix-en-Provence, and was only used for the
economic growth indicator as only data for 2005 was available at the regional level, and no city level data was found.
2
Marseille
TALENT SCORECARD
Talent
Educated Population:
K–8 (Primary)
Score
A
Justification
Only 8.4% of the population aged 15+ is limited to a primary-level education, which is a low figure that compares
well against other cities.
Educated Population:
9–12 (Secondary)
B+
This education bracket is split into two school levels in
France: 6.7% of the population aged 15+ have only completed lower secondary school, while 20.5% of the population aged 15+ have upper secondary school as their highest
certificate achieved.
Educated Population:
Post-secondary
A+
At 43% of Marseille-Aix-en-Provence’s population have
acquired a post-secondary certificate or diploma which
ranks very highly against similar metros.
B+
Bouches-Du-Rhône, hosts 46,500 post-secondary students.
Higher-education opportunities are available in most curriculums, and specialization is available in economics and
law at the Faculté Saint-Charles in the centre of the city, life
sciences at le Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy,
health sciences at Le Site de la Timone (where students
work in partnership with the nearby Centre Hospitalier Universitaire), and engineering at le site de L’Étoile: L’École Univesitaire Polytech Marseille and L’École Centrale Marseille.
Health sciences education in Marseille is ranked highly
within France, and there has been a recent push to increase
and develop technology education in the area; otherwise,
schooling is adequate, but does not include any worldrenowned faculties.
Educational Institutions:
College
Educational Institutions:
University
Education Spending
Creative Class Share
Overall score for talent
B
There is a student teacher ratio of 19.6 : 1 in Bouchesdu-Rhône, which compares well with other global cities.
B-
Approximately 16.9% of the working population can be
classified as members of the Creative Class – though this
number may be higher. This rate places the metro well
below global leaders, Marseille still performs better than
the global average.
A-
Marseille-Aix-en-Provence has a very good record of producing well-educated residents. There are many schools that
offer a solid education in health science and technology.
The city is in a transition period; it is working very hard to
supplement its shipping- and tourism-based economy with
higher-order technology jobs. The education of its residents
and the growing opportunities for them to work in the city
garner the city a very good grade for Talent.
3
Marseille
TECHNOLOGY SCORECARD
Technology
Patents
Innovation
Job Growth
Creative Class Share
High-Tech Index
Sustainability/
Green Economy
Score
B
B+
Justification
According to the OECD, TL3 region Bouches-du-Rhône
had 169.1 patents in 2009, accounting for 2.5% of the total
patents in France that year. The region performed slightly
stronger than its average with regard to biotechnology patents and ICT patents, which account for 4.5% and 4.1%
of Frances total patents in those categories respectively.
Marseille-Aix-en-Provence averaged more patents per
1,000,000 residents (114.8 using 2009 OECD data and population figure above) than did the average TL3 region (80.73
based on the average of the range in TL3 regional patent
applications per million of the population 2005-2007).
Marseilles has a digital media cluster, Le Pôle Média de
la Friche La Belle de Mai. It is part of a small arts district,
where artists and technologists are able to interact and
develop new ideas. Marseilles is also home to several
science and technology related business incubators.
B
The total number of jobs in Marseilles-Aix-en-Provence grew
19.0% between 1999 and 2009, from 548,065 to 651,971
jobs. The employment rate over the same time grew from
37.5% to 41.8%.
B-
The best estimate of the Creative Class share of the
working population is 16.9%. While this is lower than
many of the top global cities, it is nonetheless somewhat
better than average.
B
Marseille has a small but strong audiovisual, multimedia,
and digital media cluster (Le Pôle Média), and several science and technology-related business incubators. Despite
this, it does not produce a very large share of the technology
patents in France. Although its high-tech successes are
limited compared to the top grade-earners in this category,
Marseille’s growth, achievements, and continued efforts in
the high-tech sector earn it an above average grade.
C
OECD data shows that the Bouches-du-Rhône region produced a relatively small percentage of the clean technology
patents awarded in France in 2009. There is no significant
green economy in Marseille-Aix-en-Provence. The city has,
however, spent significant time and money on reclaiming
former industrial sites in the city; notable re-use efforts
include the former industrial site turned arts district/media
hub la Friche La Belle de Mai, and the redevelopment of the
old port area into a space for public enjoyment.
4
Marseille
Technology
Entrepreneurship
Overall score
for technology
Score
Justification
B+
According to the city's website, Marseille has a strong
entrepreneurial sector, which is helped by an 'ecosystem'
of professional organizations and individual professionals
with the experience and willingness necessary to grow
a new company. National statistical data supports the
city’s claims: in 2011, 21,789 new business were created
in Bouches-du-Rhône, which accounts for 4% of all new
businesses in France that year and indicates high per capita
business creation as the department accounts for less than
2.5% of the national population. Over 90% of businesses
in the area are small businesses. Several science and
technology related business incubators exist in the area,
including L'Incubateur National Multimédia Belle-de-Mai,
L'Adije, Marseille Innovation, and le Parc Scientifique
et Technologique de Marseille Luminy.
B
Marseille is working hard to shift away from its port-town
roots and become a technology hot spot in France and in
the eyes of the rest of the world. With a digital media cluster,
several science and technology-related business incubators,
a strong post-secondary education network, and recent
efforts to improve the IT infrastructure.
5
Marseille
TOLERANCE SCORECARD
Tolerance
Diversity
Immigration
Visible Minority
Integration
Multiculturalism
Gay and Lesbian
Population
Score
Justification
A-
Constitutional law limits the collection and distribution
of data regarding race, ethnicity, and religion in France.
However, media reports indicate that Marseille is a very
ethnically and culturally diverse city.
C-
In 2008 the 110,587 immigrants resided in the Bouchesdu-Rhône region, comprising approximately 5.6% of the
population. This rate is slightly below the average of other
global cities.
B+
Constitutional law limits the collection and distribution of
data regarding race, ethnicity, and religion in France. However, the number of non-European foreigners without citizenship in the Bouche-du-Rhône region is 84,056 of 1,967,299
people, or 4.27% of the population. Further, media reports
indicate that there is a very high percentage of Africans living
in Marseille, suggesting the number of visible minority French
citizens is much higher than the non-citizen figure. Given the
anecdotal evidence, it is fair to estimate a high visible minority population in the city.
B
Media reports indicate that while Marseille is a culturally and
ethnically diverse city, the integration of the diverse communities is limited. However, The New York Times suggested
that while not well integrated, there is less ethno-cultural
tension in Marseille than in many other cities in France.
A
Although former French President N. Sarkozy declared in
2011 that multiculturalism was a failed concept in France,
Article 1 of the French constitution (1958) states: “France
shall be an indivisible, secular, democratic and social
republic. It shall ensure the equality of all citizens before
the law, without distinction of origin, race or religion. It shall
respect all beliefs.” Thus, while not officially multicultural,
France upholds the belief that all people are equal, with no
preference for one culture, race, or religion over any other.
B+
Although there is no distinct gay district in Marseille, the
city is home to an annual gay pride parade. It will also host
the 2013 Europride events, and has many bars, clubs, and
beaches catering to the gay community. Following through
on a promise made by French President Francois Hollande,
gay marriage and adoption will be legalized in France by
2013, potentially identifying Marseille as a more open city.
6
Marseille
Tolerance
Religious Diversity
Openness
Civil Rights
Bohemians
Overall score
for tolerance
Score
Justification
B+
Constitutional law limits the collection and distribution
of data regarding race, ethnicity, and religion in France;
however, the constitution also protects religious freedom.
According to the U.S. Department of State, some French
laws and policies restrict religious expression in public, and
others provide for monitoring of minority religious group
activities. Marseilles also has an informal body, Marseilles
Espèrance, which consists of leaders of the local Armenian,
Buddhist, Catholic, Jewish, Muslim, Orthodox, and Protestant communities who work directly with the mayor to
encourage peaceful and harmonious interaction among the
various religious and non-religious groups in the city.
B
Founded as a port city 2,600 years ago, Marseille is a very
old and diverse city that has accepted people from around
the world for centuries. Despite a dearth of official data,
anecdotal evidence indicates that while there is some
ethnic tension in the city, there is little ethnic-based violence compared to other parts of France, and Marseille-Aix
en-Provence appears to have accepted a broader range of
ethnicities and cultures than many of the other global cities
in this ranking.
A
France has a strong and comprehensive constitution that
protects many civil rights and freedoms. Freedom House
ranks France as the highest or ‘most free’ on its scale of
civil rights and freedoms protection.
B
Marseilles has a well developed, if small, arts district (see
sidebar) and music culture (see Scenes), and the ancient city
is filled with small pockets of ethno-cultural diversity. The
arts district helps to develop and attract a wide variety of artists to the city (including visual artists, musicians, and other
performers), as do the local hip hop and electro scenes. The
combination of a strong arts and music scene with a ethnically and culturally diverse population earns Marseille-enProvence a higher than average grade in this ranking.
B+
The constitutional limits on collecting data related to this
category make measuring tolerance in Marseille-Aix-enProvence difficult. However, the data that was collected,
anecdotal evidence, and media reports indicate that Marseille is more tolerant than many other global cities.
7
Marseille
AMENITIES AND QUALITY OF PLACE SCORECARD
Amenities and
Quality of Place
The SOBs
(Symphony,
Opera, Ballet)
Museums
Entertainment
and Nightlife
Crime Rate
Recreation Facilities
Score
Justification
A-
Marseille is home to the Opéra de Marseille and Ballet
National de Marseilles. Symphonies are regularly hosted at
the city's Opera House. While Marseille has one of each of
the SOBs, the local opera has international acclaim, which
helps boost the score much higher than average.
B
Marseille-Aix-en-Provence is home to more than thirty
museums, including several of note: the Museum of Fashion,
the Museum of Old Marseille, a Museum of Fine Arts, and
the flagship Museum of European and Mediterranean Civilizations. In addition, the city itself is a living museum, with a
history that dates back 2,600 years. The several respected
museums combined with the local history earn Marseille a
higher than average grade.
A-
Marseille has a dynamic live music and club scene. With
more than 25 theatres, 10 concert venues, an opera house,
and new arts and music arenas such as the Friche Belle de
Mai and the Docks des Suds, Marseille offers a variety of
nightlife possibilities.
C
Bouches-du-Rhône had a recorded crime rate of 1,499 per
100,000 inhabitants in 2011. In 2011, there were 61 homicides in Marseilles and 4 in Aix-en-Provence. However,
because violent and property crime statistics for the region
are combined, the value of comparison with other cities is
limited; however, Marseille’s combined reported crime rate is
comparable with other large cities in the region. While many
areas of Marseille are safe, there are some areas in the city
that are very dangerous due to conflicts between rival gangs.
The low employment rate among youth has also led to an
increase in crime by that cohort in certain parts of the city.
A
Marseille-Aix-en-Provence has exceptional natural heritage,
such as the UNESCO World Heritage designated Calanques (inlets) and the Frioul archipelago of four islands. The
Marseille urban area stretches out approximately to 24,000
hectares of which 9,000 are designated natural areas. The
Calanques are an excellent place for climbing, swimming,
walking and underwater diving. There are also over 60
municipal stadiums/sports grounds and 16 public pools
in Marseilles.
8
Marseille
Amenities and
Quality of Place
Neighbourhoods
Scenes
Public Transit
Bike Paths
Civic Capital
(NGOs, Non-Profits)
Score
Justification
B
First settled 2,600 years ago Marseilles has many historic
districts that reflect the its vibrant and diverse past. There
are ethnic quarters that reflect the variety of immigrants
who have settled in the city. While there are no slums of
the scale that exist in other global cities (e.g. Mumbai, Rio
de Janiero), poverty is a real problem in some of the city’s
neighbourhoods. Some areas of the city also pose serious
crime threats. Marseille rates above average in this category
however the beauty, history, and individuality of some neighbourhoods outweigh the areas of the city where high crime
and/or poverty are a problem.
B
Marseille’s port status has attracted residents and businesses from around the Mediterranean for centuries. As
such, it is a city with deep and broad cultural roots, but two
cohesive 'scenes' were identified in the city today. First,
Marseille has a strong music scene, in particular, the New
York Times commented on its well-developed hip-hop
scene and the city is also recognized for its electro music.
Second, there is a strong beach culture, or scene; National
Geographic recently identified the beaches of Marseille as
the most socially integrated parts of the city.
B+
The city operates 2 subway lines and 2 tram lines that
together offer high-speed mass transit around much of the
city. There are 79 bus routes that supplement the areas
between the mass transit lines. In regards to active transportation, the city also has a public bicycle rental program
with 1,000 bicycles at 130 stations.
B+
Marseille encourages cycling through its inexpensive public
bicycle rental system (5 euro/year, which allows 1/2 hour free
use, and 0.50 euro/hour thereafter). The system includes 130
stations around the city with 1000 bicycles available to rent.
The region boasts 9 touring bicycle paths that extend into
the surrounding countryside intended for recreational, rather
than commuting journeys.
A-
Although no official figure was found detailing the exact
number of NGO’s and non-profits in Marseille, the city
is home to many cultural, religious, sport, education and
socio-economic help organizations. La Cité des Associatons
is a centrally located building that allows for communication
among the many specialized organizations offering help to
those in need in the city. There are over 400 local associations affiliated with La Cité des Association.
9
Marseille
Amenities and
Quality of Place
Built Form Investment
Infrastructure
(Utilities, Roads, etc.)
Overall score for
amenities and
quality of place
Score
Justification
A-
Marseille is currently experiencing an unprecedented
building program. Leading contemporary architects are
working on redesigning the city’s profile, balancing its thousand year history with the ambitious aesthetics of a modern
metropolis. New projects include Le Mucem, the Museum
of European and Mediteranean Civilizations; the Regional
Centre for the Mediteranean, a large multi-use site; the
Quai d'Arenc; a mixed use redeveloped industrial area; the
Quai d'Arenc Silo, a re-developed former industrial site now
housing a large auditorium, conference centre, and seminar
complex; the CMA CGM Tower, a modern skyscraper in the
heart of downtown; and a modern, mixed-use redevelopment of the city's port area.
B+
Marseille has instituted a plan to develop a stronger IT
infrastructure to provide better mobile and fibre internet
access that will include several wireless programs options
to facilitate other city services (e.g. wireless parking payment, and arts/culture activity geolocation). Marseilles has a
good public transit system as well as safe and reliable basic
infrastructures demanded by a modern city (e.g. electricity,
water, roads, etc.). Ferries and trains are available to and
from other cities in the area and Marseilles trains join the
larger train network that provides access across Europe.
The closest airport, Marseille Provence, is approximately
25km away from the city.
B+
Marseille benefits from the variety of sport, nature, culture,
and entertainment activities available, as well as the modern
infrastructure, public transit, and natural and historic beauty
of the city. However, there is a crime problem in some
neighbourhoods, which lowers Marseilles overall score.
Nonetheless, Marseille-Aix-en-Provence rates very well
for its amenities compared to other cities.
10
Marseille
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Marseille
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