12
STUDY GUIDE
1. Structure of the Heart
a.
Write the correct labels in the spaces at the right.
1) ____________________________________________
Aorta
2) ____________________________________________
Superior vena cava
3) ____________________________________________
Rt. pulmonary veins
1
2
4) ____________________________________________
Aortic semilunar valve
5) ____________________________________________
Right atrium
9
6) ____________________________________________
Tricuspid valve
10
7) ____________________________________________
Chordae tendineae
11
8) ____________________________________________
Inferior vena cava
9) ____________________________________________
Left pulmonary artery
12
13
14
3
10) ____________________________________________
Pulmonary trunk
11) ____________________________________________
Left pulmonary veins
12) ____________________________________________
Left atrium
4
13) ____________________________________________
Pulmonary semilunar valve
15
5
14) ____________________________________________
Mitral (bicuspid) valve
15) ____________________________________________
Left ventricle
16
6
16) ____________________________________________
Papillary muscle
7
17) ____________________________________________
Ventricular septum
17
8
18) ____________________________________________
Right ventricle
18
b. Write the answers that match the statements in the spaces at the right.
1) Receives blood from venae cavae.
____________________________________________
Right atrium
2) Receives blood from pulmonary veins.
____________________________________________
Left atrium
3) Separates ventricles.
____________________________________________
Ventricular septum
4) Prevents backflow of blood from right ventricle
into right atrium.
____________________________________________
Tricuspid valve
5) Prevents backflow of blood from left ventricle
into left atrium.
____________________________________________
Bicuspid valve
6) Prevents backflow of blood from aorta into left
ventricle.
____________________________________________
Aortic semilunar valve
7) Prevents backflow of blood from pulmonary
trunk into right ventricle.
____________________________________________
Pulmonary
semilunar valve
8) Restrain cusps of A-V valves.
____________________________________________
Chordae
tendineae
9) Pumps blood into pulmonary trunk.
____________________________________________
Right
ventricle
10) Pumps blood into aorta.
____________________________________________
Left
ventricle
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2. Cardiac Cycle
Write the answers that match the statements in the spaces at the right.
1) Contraction phase of the ventricles.
____________________________________________
Ventricular systole
2) Relaxation phase of the ventricles.
____________________________________________
Ventricular diastole
3) Valves closing to produce first heart sound.
____________________________________________
AV valves
4) Valves closing to produce second heart sound.
____________________________________________
Semilunar valves
____________________________________________
5) Valves open during ventricular systole.
Semilunar valves
____________________________________________
6) Valves closed during ventricular systole.
AV valves
____________________________________________
7) Valves open during ventricular diastole.
AV valves
____________________________________________
8) Valves closed during ventricular diastole.
Semilunar valves
3. Heart Conduction System and Electrocardiogram
Write the answers that match the statements in the spaces at the right.
1) Small fibers carrying impulses to myocardium.
____________________________________________
Purkinje fibers
2) Pacemaker of the heart.
____________________________________________
S-A node
3) Thick fibers extending from A-V node.
____________________________________________
A-V bundle
____________________________________________
4) Transmits impulses to atria and A-V node.
S-A node
5) Transmits impulses to A-V bundle.
____________________________________________
A-V node
6) Wave caused by depolarization of ventricles.
____________________________________________
QRS wave
____________________________________________
7) Wave caused by repolarization of ventricles.
T wave
8) Wave caused by depolarization of atria.
____________________________________________
P wave
4. Regulation of Heart Rate
a.
Write the answers that match the statements in the spaces at the right.
1) Autonomic center controlling heart rate.
____________________________________________
Cardiac control center
2) ANS division whose impulses increase heart rate.
____________________________________________
Sympathetic
3) ANS division whose impulses decrease heart rate. ____________________________________________
Parasympathetic
4) Gender with faster heart rate.
____________________________________________
Female
5) Nerve carrying parasympathetic fibers to the heart. ____________________________________________
Vagus nerve
b. Match the effect on heart rate with the factors listed.
2) Decreases
3) No effect
1) Increases

1 Epinephrine
2 Excess K
_____
_____
2 Old age
2 Acetylcholine
_____
_____
1 Fever
1 Anxiety
_____
_____
2 Physical conditioning
3 Increase in blood pressure
_____
_____
2 Insufficient Ca
_____
1 Excitement
_____
1 Thyroxine
_____
1 Norepinephrine
_____
5. Types of Blood Vessels
Write the answers that match the statements in the spaces at the right.
1) Composed of endothelium only.
____________________________________________
Capillaries
2) Vessels with thickest walls.
____________________________________________
Arteries
3) Vessels with valves.
____________________________________________
Veins
4) Carry blood from capillaries to heart.
____________________________________________
Veins
5) Carry blood from heart to capillaries.
____________________________________________
Arteries
____________________________________________
6) Vessels exchanging materials with tissues.
Capillaries
Capillaries
____________________________________________
7) Smallest and most numerous vessels.
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6. Blood Flow and Blood Pressure
a.
Write the answers that match the statements in the spaces at the right.
____________________________________________
Aorta
____________________________________________
Capillaries
1) Systemic vessel with fastest blood flow.
2) Vessels with slowest blood flow.
3) Systemic vessel with greatest blood pressure.
4) Primary force moving blood.
____________________________________________
Aorta
____________________________________________
Blood pressure
5) Two additional forces that help return venous
____________________________________________
Skeletal muscle contractions
____________________________________________
Respiratory movements
blood to the heart.
6) Normal systolic blood pressure.
____________________________________________
120 10 mm Hg
____________________________________________
80 10 mm Hg
7) Normal diastolic blood pressure.
8) Autonomic center controlling diameter of blood
vessels.
9) Systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure.
____________________________________________
Vasomotor center
____________________________________________
Pulse pressure
10) Effect on precapillary sphincters by a local
decrease in oxygen and pH.
____________________________________________
Dilation (open)
11) Effect on precapillary sphincters by sympathetic
impulses.
____________________________________________
Vasoconstriction
b. Indicate whether the following conditions cause an increase () or decrease () in blood pressure.
 An increase in peripheral resistance.
_____
 A marked decrease in blood volume.
_____
 A decrease in cardiac output.
_____
_____
 Dilation of a great many arterioles.
_____
 A significant increase in plasma proteins.
_____
 Sympathetic impulses to arterioles.
_____
 Constriction of most arterioles.
_____
 An increase in heart rate.
7. Circulation Pathways
Trace the pathway of blood from a ventricle of the heart to the organ indicated and back to an atrium of the
heart. Write the names of the correct heart chambers, arteries, and veins in the blanks.
1) Right little finger.
→ ___________________________
→
Left ventricle → ___________________________
Aorta a.
Brachiocephalic a.
____________________________________
→
____________________________________→
Rt. Subclavian a.
Rt. Axillary a.
→ ____________________________________
→ right little finger
____________________________________
Rt. Brachial a.
Rt. Ulnar a.
→ ____________________________________
→ ____________________________________
→
Rt. Basilic v.
Rt. Axillary v.
→ _________________________________
→ __________________________
_________________________________
Rt. Subclavian v.
Superior vena cava
Rt. Brachiocephalic v.
→ ____________________________________
atrium.
Right
2) Small intestine.
→ __________________________________
___________________
ventricle → ________________________________
Left
Aorta a.
Superior mesenteric a.
→ small intestine → ____________________________________
→
Superior mesenteric v.
liver → ____________________________________
→
____________________________________→
Hepatic portal v.
Hepatic v.
right atrium.
____________________________________→
Inferior vena cava
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8. Systemic Arteries
Label the figure by writing the names
of the numbered arteries in the spaces.
Subclavian
1) ___________________________
Axillary
2) ___________________________
Brachial
3) ___________________________
Arteries of the
head and trunk
14
Radial
4) ___________________________
Ulnar
5) ___________________________
15
External iliac
6) ___________________________
Deep femoral
7) ___________________________
Arteries of the
upper limb
Femoral
8) ___________________________
Popliteal
9) ___________________________
1
Anterior tibial
10) ___________________________
Posterior tibial
11) ___________________________
19
20
21
2
22
23
3
Internal carotid
14) ___________________________
External carotid
15) ___________________________
Aortic arch
18) ___________________________
Pulmonary trunk
19) ___________________________
24
25
26
4
27
5
28
Left coronary
20) ___________________________
Right coronary
21) ___________________________
29
30
Thoracic aorta
22) ___________________________
Splenic
23) ___________________________
Celiac trunk
24) ___________________________
Renal
25) ___________________________
Superior mesenteric
26) ___________________________
Abdominal aorta
27) ___________________________
17
18
Fibular
12) ___________________________
Dorsal pedis
13) ___________________________
Left common carotid
16) ___________________________
Brachiocephalic
17) ___________________________
16
Arteries of the
lower limb
6
Interior mesenteric
28) ___________________________
Common iliac
29) ___________________________
7
8
Internal iliac
30) ___________________________
9
10
11
12
13
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9. Systemic Veins
Label the figure by writing the names
of the numbered veins in the spaces.
1) ___________________________
Subclavian
2) ___________________________
Cephalic
Veins of the
head and trunk
3) ___________________________
Axillary
4) ___________________________
Basilic
5) ___________________________
Median cubital
6) ___________________________
External iliac
7) ___________________________
Femoral
Veins of the upper limb
13
14
1
15
8) ___________________________
Great saphenous
2
9) ___________________________
Popliteal
3
16
17
18
10) ___________________________
Posterior tibial
11) ___________________________
Anterior tibial
12) ___________________________
Small saphenous
13) ___________________________
Internal jugular
19
20
21
4
22
14) ___________________________
External jugular
23
24
15) ___________________________
Left brachiocephalic
25
16) ___________________________
Superior vena cava
17) ___________________________
Right pulmonary
18) ___________________________
Grat cardiac
19) ___________________________
Small cardiac
5
Veins of the
lower limb
26
6
27
20) ___________________________
Inferior vena cava
21) ___________________________
Hepatic
22) ___________________________
Splenic
23) ___________________________
Hepatic portal
24) ___________________________
Superior mesenteric
25) ___________________________
Inferior mesenteric
7
8
26) ___________________________
Left common iliac
9
27) ___________________________
Internal iliac
10
11
12
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10. Disorders of the Heart and Blood Vessels
Write the disorders described by the statements in the spaces at the right.
1) Unusual heart sounds.
____________________________________________
Heart murmur
2) Hardening of the arteries.
____________________________________________
Arteriosclerosis
3) Death of a portion of the myocardium.
____________________________________________
Myocardial infarction
4) Abnormal heart rhythm.
____________________________________________
Arrhythmia
5) Inflammation of a vein.
____________________________________________
Phlebitis
6) Chronic high blood pressure.
____________________________________________
Hypertension
7) Swollen veins due to defective valves.
____________________________________________
Varicose veins
8) Balloonlike enlargement of blood vessel.
____________________________________________
Aneurysm
9) Fatty deposits in walls of arteries.
____________________________________________
Atherosclerosis
10) Edema of lungs, viscera, legs, and feet.
____________________________________________
Congestive heart failure
11. Clinical Applications
a.
A 60-year-old man complains of chest pain during moderate exercise. The pain goes away after he
rests for a while. What is the likely cause of the pain? ____________________________________________
A partially blocked coronary artery.
Without treatment, what complications may arise? ______________________________________________
He may have a heart attack.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
b. An accident victim has lost considerable blood. His blood pressure is only slightly below normal, and
his pulse rate is elevated. How is the body compensating for the loss of blood? _____________________
The lost blood has been
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
replaced by the reserve blood supply in the spleen.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
c.
A patient has a blood clot in the right femoral vein. If a part of the clot should break loose, where is it
likely to lodge? _______________________________________________________________________________
In a pulmonary artery.
Would this be a serious complication? _________________________________________________
Explain.
Yes
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
If blood flow to the lungs is mostly blocked, oxygenation of blood is drastically reduced which may cause
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
death.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
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