Active Transport
1a
The movement of a substance
across a biological membrane
against its concentration or
electrochemical gradient with
the help of energy input and
specific transport proteins.
1b
Cell Membrane
2a
A thin covering found on all
living cells that surrounds the
cell. It protects the cell, gives it
its shape, allows materials to go
through the cell and keeps the
cell material together.
2b
Chloroplast
3a
A double-membrane
organelle with thylakoids
containing chlorophyll
where photosyntheses
takes place.
3b
Concentration Gradient
4a
An increase or decrease in the
density of a chemical substance
in an area. Cells often maintain
concentration gradients of ions
across their membranes.
4b
Contractile vacuole
5a
Cavity in the cytoplasm of
some protists that collects
water and discharges it
from the cell
5b
Diffusion
6a
Movement of molecules
from an area of higher
concentration to an area of
lower concentration.
6b
Endocytosis
7a
Active transport process where
a cell engulfs materials with a
portion of the cell's plasma
membrane and releases the
contents inside of the cell.
7b
Endoplasmic Reticulum
8a
A system of membranes that is
found in a cell's cytoplasm and
that assists in the production,
processing, and transport of
proteins and in the production of
lipids.
8b
Eukaryote
9a
A type of organism composed of
one or more cells containing a
membrane‐bound nucleus,
specialized organelles in the
cytoplasm, and a mitotic nuclear
division cycle.
9b
Exocytosis
10a
A process in which a vesicle
inside a cell fuses with the cell
membrane and releases its
contents to the external
environment. Transports to
outside of cell
10b
Facilitated Diffusion
11a
Another type of passive
transport, used for
molecules that cannot
readily diffuse through cell
membranes.
11b
Golgi Body
12a
A structure in a cell that receives
proteins and other newly formed
materials from the endoplasmic
reticulum, packages them, and
distributes them to other parts of
the cell.
12b
Hydrophilic Head
13a
- part of phospholipi
13b
Hydrophobic Tail
14a
the tails of phospholipids
that do not like interacting
with water
14b
Lysosome
15a
- membrane-bound vesicles
that contain hydrolytic
enzymes involved in
intracellular digestio
15b
Mitochondrion
16a
An organelle surrounded by a
double=membrane (two lipid bilayers)
where ATP production takes place. The
interior (matrix) is where PDC and the
Krebs cycle occur, and the inner
membrane contains the enzymes of the
electron trasport chain and ATP synthase.
16b
Nucleolus
17a
A specialized structure in
the nucleus, formed from
various chromosomes and
active in the synthesis of
ribosomes
17b
Nucleus
18a
An organelle bounded by a
double membrane (double lipid
bilayer) called the nuclear
envelope. The nucleus contains
the genome and is the site of
replication and transcription.
18b
Osmosis
19a
Diffusion of water through
a selectively permeable
membrane
19b
pellicle
20a
A protective envelope of
nonliving material that
covers many protozoans
20b
Phagocytosis
21a
process in which
phagocytes engulf and
digest microorganisms and
cellular debris
21b
Phospholipid Bilayer
22a
A double layer of phospholipids that
forms the basis of all cellular
membranes. The phospholipids heads,
which are hydrophilic, face the water of
extracellular fluid or the cytoplasm; the
tails, which are hydrophobic, are buried
in the middle of the bilayer.
22b
Pinocytosis
23a
A type of endocytosis in
which the cell ingests
extracellular fluid and its
dissolved solutes.
23b
Prokaryote
24a
A microscopic single-celled
organism, including bacteria
and cyanobacteria; does not
have a nucleus with a
membrane or other specialized
organelles.
24b
Ribosome
25a
A cell organelle constructed in
the nucleolus and functioning as
the site of protein synthesis in
the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA
and protein molecules, which
make up two subunits.
25b
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
26a
System of internal membranes
within the cytoplasm.
Membranes are rough due to the
presence of ribosomes. functions
in transport of substances such
as proteins within the cytoplasm
26b
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
27a
A network of membranes inside
eukarytoic cells invovled in lipid
synthesis (steroid in gonads),
detoxification (in liver cells),
and/or Ca2+ storage (muscle
cells).
27b
trichocyst
28a
an organ of offense and defense
embedded in the outer cytoplasm
of certain protozoans, consisting
of a small elongated sac
containing a fine, hairlike
filament capable of being ejected.
28b
Vacuole
29a
...
29b
Vacuole
30a
A large membrane bound water filled
vesicle found in plant cells. Help
maintain the shape of the plant cells
and can also be used to store various
molecules including nutrients and
antiherbivory chemicals
30b
Vesicle
31a
A small cavity or sac that
contains materials in a
eukaryotic cell; forms when part
of the cell membrane surrounds
the materials to be taken into the
cell or transported within the cell
31b