Name _____________________________________________________ Per. ___________ Date _________ Unit 4 Study Guide: Molecular Genetics
Questions
Genes (DNA) contain
the instructions for
making what?
What is the monomer
for DNA & RNA?
A nucleotide is made
up of three parts
List the bases found in
DNA & RNA
Answer
DNA & RNA are made up of
___________________________ bonded together!
1.
2.
3.
Purines:________________ & ________________
Pyrimidines:______________ &________________
(In RNA thymine is replaced with _______________)
Which bases bond
together?
How do we remember
these base-pairing
rules?
________________ bonds with _______________
________________ bonds with_______________
____________________=___________________
____________________=___________________
Label the deoxyribose
sugar, phosphate,
base pairs, hydrogen
bonds, and nucleotide
The shape of DNA is a _______________________
What was Rosalind
Franklin's x-ray
diffraction image used
to determine?
Name _____________________________________________________ Per. ___________ Date _________ Draw a double bubble
to show 4 similarities
and 3 differences
between DNA & RNA
What happens during
DNA replication?
Why is DNA replication
called "semiconservative"?
List the four main
enzymes involved in
DNA replication (in
order!)
and their
functions (job)
What is the "Central
Dogma" for Protein
Synthesis?
Name & describe the
two main steps of
protein synthesis:
Enzyme
Function (job)
_______ --> _______ --> _______ --> ________
1. ________________________(DNA ->mRNA)
2. ________________________(mRNA ->Protein)
Define intron & exon.
intron:
exon:
Circle the one that carries useful information for making
proteins?
Name _____________________________________________________ Per. ___________ Date _________ LABEL: ribosome,
mRNA, tRNA, amino
acid, codon, anticodon
Explain the functions
of mRNA & tRNA:
Function of mRNA:__________________________
Function of tRNA:___________________________
Define codon and anticodon and include
which type of RNA
they are found on:
Proteins are:
Use the DNA sequence
to:
1. Write the mRNA
sequence:
2. Use your codon
table to determine the
amino acid sequence:
If the mRNA sequence
is AUUCGUAUGCUGAAC
1. Write the DNA
sequence:
2. Use your codon
table to determine the
amino acid sequence:
codon:
anti-codon:
____________ ___________ connected by
_____________ bonds!
DNA:
TAC GGA TCG AAT CGC
mRNA:___________________________________
A.A.: ____________________________________
DNA:____________________________________
mRNA:
AUU CGU AUG CUG AAC
A.A.: ____________________________________
How can there be so
many different proteins
when there are only
20 amino acids?
Do your skin cells have
the same DNA as your
blood cells? How is it
that these cells make
different proteins?
Name _____________________________________________________ Per. ___________ Date _________ Define Mutation:
In what two types of
cells do mutations
occur?
1.
What are the two
types of gene
mutations
1. What is a point
mutation?
2. Circle where the
mutation occurred in
the example
1. Describe the two
types of frameshift
mutations
2. Circle where the
mutation has occurred
in each of the
examples
1.
2.
2.
Point Mutation:
Example:
Insertion mutation:
Example:
DNA: ATT GCG
Mutation: ATT TGC G
Deletion mutation:
Example:
What is Recombinant
DNA?
Describe the two steps
of Genetic Engineering
in detail!
DNA: ATT GCG
Mutation: ATT ACG
DNA: ATT GCG
Mutation: ATT CG
1. Creating Recombinant DNA:
2. Introducing the gene into a new organism
What is the job of a
restriction enzyme?
Genetic Engineering
Application:
What are the two uses
of genetic engineering?
Genetic engineering has been used to produce goats whose milk
contains __________ (medicine) by injecting new DNA into
______________________________.
1.
2.