Compounds
of TEST:
1.  What is a Compound?
- Chemical formulas, subscripts, & coefficients.
2.  Covalent compound
- What are they made of?
- How do they form?
- Naming & Formula writing.
3. Polyatomic Ions
-
- What are they made of?
- Naming & formula writing.
4. Ionic compound
- What are they made of?
- How do they form?
- Naming & Formula writing.
5. Acids & Bases
- What are they made of?
- naming & formula writing.
6. Hydrates & % Composition
Bases:
•  Bases are aqueous ionic compounds that contain Hydroxide ions.
(Dissolves in water)
•  Bases release Hydroxide ions into solution (when dissolved in water).
•  Naming Bases: (name like ionic compounds with a polyatomic hydroxide ion in it.)
•  All bases have names that end in hydroxide.
Examples:
•  NaOH
=
sodium hydroxide
•  KOH
=
potassium hydroxide
•  Ca(OH)2 =
calcium hydroxide
All
Example:
Acid’s are aqueous,
HCl
(aqueous)
Hydrochloric Acid
& not Acidic 
HCl
(liquid)
Hydrogen Chloride [not an acid]
Aqueous
Acids:
Acids
are aqueous compounds that release Hydrogen Ions into solution.
Hydrogen
is always written
1st
in the chemical formula for
The general formula for all acids
Example of
Binary acids
=
all Acids.
HnX
Examples of oxy-acids
HCl
= Hydrochloric acid
HNO3
= nitric acid
HF
= Hydrofluoric acid
HNO2
= nitrous acid
HBr
= hydrobromic acid
HBrO3 = bromic acid
H 2S
= Hydrosulfuric acid
H2Se = Hydroselenic acid
HBrO2 = bromous acid
H2SO4 = Sulfuric acid
H 3N
= Hydronitric acid
H2SO3 = sulfurous acid
H 3P
= Hydrophosphoric acid
H3PO4 = phosphoric acid
Binary Acids:
•
Are acids that contains hydrogen and 1 other element.
Naming Binary acids:
1.
To name, add the prefix hydro- for the hydrogen part of the molecule.
2.
To the root of the second element name, add the suffix –ic followed by the word acid.
Example:
HCl
=
Hydrochloric acid
H 2S
=
Hydrosulfuric acid
H 3P
=
Hydrophosphoric acid
Oxyacids
(Acids with oxygen)
Example:
•  HNO3
= nitric acid
•  H2SO3 = sulfurous acid
•  H2SO4 = Sulfuric acid
•  H3PO4
= phosphoric acid
•  HBrO3 = bromic acid
•  Oxyacids
are acids that contains hydrogen and an
oxyanion.
Naming =
–  1st
–  2nd
write the root name of the polyatomic oxy-anion.
(no hydro)
add to the ending of the root…
-ate
changes to
–ic acid
-ite
changes to
-ous acid
Nitrate  Nitric acid
Nitrite  Nitrous acid
HCl = Hydrochloric acid
Binary acids 
HF
= Hydroflouric acid
H 2S
= Hydrosulfuric acid
H2Se = Hydroselenic acid
H 3N
= Hydronitric acid
H3P = Hydrophosphoric acid
Oxyacids 
HNO3
= Nitric acid
H2SO4
= Sulfuric acid
H2SO3
= Sulfurous acid
H3PO4
= Phosphoric acid
HBrO3 = Bromic acid