DNA & RNA Benchmark Study Guide Page1
There are 24 Finallike questions (purple,
Italicized and
underlined), and 6
most missed questions
(circled, yellow,Italicized
and underlined)
5A DNA
Structure
DNA & RNA
Benchmark
Review
3. (5A) The four bases in DNA
are
1. (5A) The following molecule 2. (5A) The following is a
is a/an?
monomer of DNA?
A. Amino Acid PhosphateGroup
A. Amino Acid
B. Carbohydrate
B. Hydrogen bond
C. DNA
C. Protein
D. RNA
D. Nucleotide
A.Adenine, thymine, guanine & cytosine
B. Adenine, uracil, guanine & cytosine
Deoxyribose
C. Deoxyribose, uracil, thymine & Adenine
CH2
C
D. Ribose, uracil, thymine & Adenine
O
Nitrogenous Base
4. (5A) A DNA nucleotide
may contain?
A. Deoxyribose, uracil & a
phosphate group
B.Deoxyribose, guanine & a
phosphate group
C.Ribose, uracil & a phosphate
group
6. (5A) Which of the following is
5. 5A Which molecule
found in both DNA & RNA?
below, represents the
molecule made directly from A. phosphate group + guanine + uracil
DNA during transcription
B. phosphate group + guanine + cytosine
and is considered the blueprint
of the genetic code?
A. mRNA
B. tRNA
C. rRNA
hyperlink
C. ribose + phosphate group + uracil
D. deoxyribose + phosphate group + thymine
DNA Strand
D. nucleotide
7. (5A) Which of the following 8. (5A) Which of the following
describes the structure of DNA? represent the initials for the
following?tRNA,rRNA and
A. Double stranded RNA molecule.
mRNA
B. Double helix molecule.
A. Transition,ribosomal& messenger
C. Double stranded RNA helix.
D. Single stranded RNA molecule.
10. (5A) DNA is a polymer
consisting of units called?
B. Transfer, reconnaissance & messenger
B. 2
C. Transfer,ribosomal & methione
C. 3
D. Transfer,ribosomal & messenger
D. None
1D & 5B
A. Dipeptides
B. Amino Acids
C. Carbohydrates
D. Nucleotides
9. (5A) How many different
types of RNA are involved in
protein synthesis?
A. 1
Single
Transcription &
Translation
StrandedRNA
11. (DNA&RNA 5b)
What is produced
during transcription?
A. mRNA molecules
C. RNA polymerase
B. DNA
D.proteins
DNA & RNA Benchmark Study Guide Page2
TAC
ATG
CCG
GGC
AAT
TTA
GGC
CCG
CAG
GTC
CCG
GGC
ACT
TGA
12. What is represented above?
A. A mRNA molecule.
B. A tRNA molecule.
C. A mRNA and tRNA molecule.
D. A DNA molecule.
R N A & D N A 1D
C e n tra l D o g m a F lo w o f
G e n e tic In fo rm a tio n
R N A P ro te in
D N A#1D N A
DNA
# 2 (in th e N u c le u s )
RNA
# 3 (in R ib o s o m e s )
P ro te in
13. Which # represents DNA
Replication?
A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4
16. (Cell Biology 1D) What happens
during the process of translation?
A. Anticodon B.the order in which amino acids are linked
C. the code for splicing mRNA D. the genetic code
A. Messenger RNA is made from
DNA.
B. The cell uses information from
mRNA to produce proteins.
C. tRNA is made from mRNA.
D. Copies of DNA molecules are
made.
18. (Cell Biology 1D) Which
organelle is involved in both
DNA Replication and
Transcription?
A. Ribosome
B. Endoplasmic Reticulum
C. Nucleus
19. What is the final product of this process?
A. mRNA only B. tRNA only
D. RNA and DNA
C. No RNA
A. ACTGAACG
B. ACTGAATG
C. ACTGAACT
D. ACTGAATC
Double Stranded DNA
TAC CCG
ATG GGC
AAT GGC
TTA CCG
CAG
GTG
CCG
GGC
ACT
TGA
Two Double Stranded DNA After Replication
24. (DNA
& RNA Standard 4b) what
TAC CCG AAT GGC CAG CCG ACT
tg ggc
t ta ccg gt c ggc
does athe
figure
below show? t g a
A. Anticodon B.the order in which amino acids are linked
t a c forcsplicing
c g amRNA
at
g g D.
c the
c a c genetic
ccg
a c tcode
C. the code
ATG GGC
TTA
CCG
GTG
GGC
TGA
A. mRNA, DNA, rRNA, tRNA, protein
& trait.
B. DNA, mRNA, rRNA, tRNA &
protein & trait.
C. Transcription, translation, DNA
replication, genetic trait & protein
D. None of the above
Double Stranded DNA
15. (Cell Biology 1D) what does
the figure below show?
21. What would be the complementary
strand of the following sequence during
DNA replication? TGACTTAG
14. (Cell Biology 1D) Which of the
following sequences of events
describe the central dogma of
molecular biology?
D. Protein
TAC CCG
ATG GGC
AAT GGC
TTA CCG
CAG
C CCG
GTG GGC
ACT
TGA
Two Double Stranded DNA After Replication
TAC
atg
CCG
ggc
tac ccg
ATG GGC
AAT GGC
t ta ccg
C CCG
CAG
g t gc g g c
ACT
tga
aat
TTA
cac
GTG
act
TGA
ggc
CCG
ccg
GGC
17.The blue lower case letters represent?
A. The original DNA strands.
B. The new DNA strands.
C. Both the original and new DNA
strands.
R N A & D N A 1D
C e n tra l D o g m a F lo w o f
G e n e tic In fo rm a tio n
D N A # 1 D N A R N A P ro te in
DNA
# 2 (in th e N u c le u s )
RNA
# 3 (in R ib o s o m e s )
P ro te in
20. Which # represents
translation?
A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4
22. (Cell Biology 1D)
Protein is made during
translation, also known as
what?
A. Transcription
B. DNA Polymerase
C. Protein Synthesis
D. RNA and DNA
23. (Cell Biology 1D) The
central dogma explains which of
the following?
R N A & D N A 1D
C e n tra l D o g m a F lo w o f
G e n e tic In fo rm a tio n
R N A P ro te in
D N A#1D N A
26. (DNA & RNA
Standard 4a) What
happens during the
process of translation?
DNA
# 2 (in th e N u c le u s )
RNA
# 3 (in R ib o s o m e s )
P ro te in
25. (4a) Process #1 is known as?
A.Transcription
C.Translation
B.translocation
D.DNA Replication
A. How DNA directly produces
proteins
B. How proteins form amino acids.
C. How RNA controls the
production of DNA.
D. How DNA can result in genetic
traits.
A. Messenger RNA is made from DNA
B. The cell uses information from mRNA
to produce proteins.
C. tRNA is made from mRNA
D. Copies of DNA molecules are made
DNA & RNA Benchmark Study Guide Page3
27. (4a) The tRNA anticodon
GAU is complementary to this
mRNA codon?
28. (4a) Which type of RNA
codes for a single amino acid?
29. (4a) The mRNA codon
AAU is complementary to
this tRNA anticodon?
A. CTU
A. rRNA
A. CTU
B. CUA
B. tRNA
B. CCG
C. GCG
C. nRNA
C. UUA
D. ATA
30. (4a) What part of the tRNA
codes for that specific single
amino acid?
A. codon
D. mRNA
D. ATA
Translation
32. (4a) What does the figure
below represent?
A. Transcription
B. DNA Replication
B. tRNA
C. anticodon
31. (4a) What is the final product of this
process?
C. Translation
D. mRNA
A. mRNA only B. tRNA only
C. No RNA
D. Protein
D. Protein lysis
33. (4a) Which defines
what a codon is?
34. (4a) During translation, the
type of amino acid that is added to
the growing polypeptide (protein),
depends on the?
35. (4b) The codon CUC codes
for what amino acid?
A. Aspargine
A. The strong bond between two
complementary nitrogenous bases. A. codon on mRNA
B. A free-floating base that attaches B. anticodon on the mRNA
to an open DNA strand.
C. A protein that begins transcription C. anticodon on tRNA &
by breaking apart H bonds.
D. The genetic code word of three
bases that specify one amino acid.
36. (4a) How many
nucleotides makeup a
codon?
codon on mRNA
D. rRNA
37. (4a) How many
codons would it take to
specify 4 amino acids?
B. Glycine
C. Leucine
D. Methionine
38. (4a) Which type of RNA
functions as the blueprint of
the genetic code?
A. rRNA
A. 12
A. 12
B. 9
C. 6
D. 3
B. 4
C. codons don’t specify
amino acids
D. 24
B. tRNA
R N A & D N A 1D
C e n tra l D o g m a F lo w o f
G e n e tic In fo rm a tio n
R N A P ro te in
D N A#1D N A
R N A & D N A 1D
C e n tra l D o g m a F lo w o f
G e n e tic In fo rm a tio n
R N A P ro te in
D N A#1D N A
R N A & D N A 1D
C e n tra l D o g m a F lo w o f
G e n e tic In fo rm a tio n
R N A P ro te in
D N A#1D N A
DNA
# 2 (in th e N u c le u s )
RNA
# 3 (in R ib o s o m e s )
P ro te in
39. (4a) Which # represents
translation?
A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4
DNA
# 2 (in th e N u c le u s )
RNA
# 3 (in R ib o s o m e s )
P ro te in
40. (5B) Which # represents
transcription?
A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4
C. nRNA
D. mRNA
DNA
# 2 (in th e N u c le u s )
RNA
# 3 (in R ib o s o m e s )
P ro te in
41. (4a) What is the product of #2?
A.a DNA strand
C.amino acid chain
B.mRNA
D.Replication
DNA & RNA Benchmark Study Guide Page4
R N A & D N A 1D
C e n tra l D o g m a F lo w o f
G e n e tic In fo rm a tio n
R N A P ro te in
D N A#1D N A
DNA
# 2 (in th e N u c le u s )
RNA
# 3 (in R ib o s o m e s )
P ro te in
42. (4a) What is the product of #3?
A.a DNA strand
C.amino acid chain
B.mRNA
D.Replication
43. What would be the complementary
strand of the following sequence during
DNA replication? TGACTTAG
A. ACTGAACG
B. ACTGAATG
C. ACTGAACT TGACTTAG
D. ACTGAATC ACTGAATC
Double Stranded DNA
TAC
ATG
CCG
GGC
AAT
TTA
GGC
CCG
CAG
GTG
CCG
GGC
ACT
TGA
44. (4a) How many
nucleotides would it take
to specify 4 amino acids?
A. 12
B. 4
C. codons don’t specify
amino acids
D. 24
Two Double Stranded DNA After Replication
4C & 4D
Mutations &
Gene Expression
TAC
atg
CCG
ggc
AAT
t ta
GGC
ccg
CAG
gt c
CCG
ggc
ACT
tga
tac
ATG
ccg
GGC
aat
TTA
ggc
CCG
cac
GTG
ccg
GGC
act
TGA
45. DNA & RNA 4C &
4D A promoter
determines
46. DNA & RNA 4C & 4D
This is the ultimate source
of genetic variability?
A. binding to the operator.
A. radiation
B. what genes are expressed.
B. mutations
C. that an expressed gene is
turned off.
C. hybridization
D. inbreeding
D. binding to the lac gene.
48. DNA & RNA 4D Skin
47. DNA & RNA 4C A
cells cannot sense smell because
mutation that involves a
single nucleotide is called _? A. skin cell do not have the same
A. point mutation
B. chromsomal mutation
C. translocation
D. inversion
50. DNA & RNA 4C Which
of the following are
frameshift mutations?
A. point mutation:inversion &
deletion.
genes as nose cells.
B. the DNA is different in every
cell.
A. always transcribed.
C. skin cells are in the wrong place.
B. never expresses.
D. the genes for sensing smells are
turned off in skin cells.
C. not regulated.
51. DNA & RNA 4D Gene
regulation in the eukaryotes
________.
52. (DNA & RNA Standard 4C) What
would happen to the protein if mRNA
sequence mutated
from CAUUUA to
CAU=Histidine + CUA=Leucine
CACCUA? CAC=Histidine + CUA=Leucine
A. The protein will be different.
B. The protein will be the same.
A. usually involves operons.
B. point mutation:substitution &
deletion.
B. is simpler than in prokaryotes.
C. substitution,insertion& inversion.
D. includes the action of an operator
region.
D. point mutation:insertion & deletion
49. DNA & RNA 4D If a
specific kind of protein is
not continually used by a
cell, the gene for that
protein is
D. turned on and off at different times.
C. allows for cell specialization.
54. DNA & RNA 4D Hox
genes determine an
animal’s__________.
55. DNA & RNA 4D
Without regulatory sites, the
expression of a gene would?
A. pyrimidines
A. basic
A. Not be controlled
B. purines
B. size.
C. other genes
C. skin color.
D. proteins
D. eye color.
53. DNA & RNA 4D
Genes contain
instructions for making
body plan.
B. Sometimes be controlled
C. Always be controlled
D. Be controlled only when
necessary.
DNA & RNA Benchmark Study Guide Page5
5C Genetic
Engineering
58. What is the
advantage of
Negative end
using transgenic
bacteria to
produce human
proteins?
A. The human proteins produced by
Positive
transgenic bacteria work
betterendthan
those produced by humans.
56. Suppose a bacteria culture were
mixed with recombinant plasmids
containing a gene for resistance to
penicillin. The bacterial culture was
then treated with penicillin. Which of
the following statements would not be
true?
A. Those bacteria that contain the plasmid
Positive end
will survive.
B. The gene for antibiotic resistance is
expressed in the bacteria that survive.
C. The penicillin will kill the bacteria that
transformed.
D. Those bacteria that are successfully
transformed will survive.
A. Insert the human insulin
gene
Positive end
into the plasmid.
B. Extract the insulin from a
bacterial culture
C. Use a restriction enzyme to cut out
the insulin gene from a human cell.
67. Wells 20 and 18
appear to have the
same fragments that Negative end
traveled the same
distance, one seems
darker than the
other. Which is
True?
Positive end
A. They contain the same DNA.
B. They contain same fragment sizes.
C. They contain different amounts of DNA.
D. All of the above.
B. They contain same fragment sizes.
C. They contain same amounts of DNA.
D. All of the above.
B. Producing clones
A. The DNA in her cells are identical.
C. Studying human genes
B. She has a funny nose.
D. increasing & improving food supply
C. She is genetically the same as her
offspring.
D. Her DNA source is a single body
cell.
63. What kind of cells were
used to make Dolly?
62. What
does this
figure
show?
A. body cell and egg cell.
B. Egg cell only
C. Body cell only
D. Egg and sperm cell.
A. Gel electrophoresis
B. DNA sequencing
C. Polymerase chain reaction
D. A restriction enzyme
producing DNA fragments.
65. Analyzing
DNA by gel
electrophoresis
allows
researchers to
64. One function of gel
electrophoresis is to
A. Separate DNA fragments.
B. Cut DNA
C. Recombine DNA
Positive end
A. They contain the same DNA.
60. Why is Dolly considered to
be a clone?
C. Human protein made by
transgenic bacteria last longer.
Negative end
Negative end
59. What is the advantage of
producing transgenic plants?
A. Using more pesticides
B. Transgenic bacteria produce human proteins in
large amounts, faster, safer and less expensive.
61. To produce
transgenic bacteria
that make insulin,
which of the
following steps did
scientists have to do
first?
57. If two DNA
samples showed an
identical pattern and
thickness of bands
produced by gel
electrophoresis, the
samples contained?
A. Identify similarities and
differences in the genomes of
different kinds of organisms.
B. Compare the phenotypes of
different organisms
C. Cut DNA with restriction
enzymes
Negative end
Positive end
68. During transformation,
A. A prokaryote is changed into a eukaryote.
B. A cell takes in DNA from outside the cell.
C. Foreign DNA is inserted into a plasmid.
D. A cell is mutated.
66. On an
electrophoresis gel,
band A is closer to
the positive end of
the gel than band
B. Which is True?
Negative end
C
Positive
A B end
A. Band B is smaller than Band A
and moves faster through the gel.
B. Band A is smaller than Band B
and moves faster through the gel.