Trends in Higher Education Series
College Board Advocacy & Policy Center Analysis Brief
Trends in Tuition and Fees, Enrollment,
and State Appropriations for Higher
Education by State
Jennifer Ma
Independent Policy Analyst
The College Board
Sandy Baum
Senior Fellow, George Washington University Graduate
School of Education and Human Development, and
Consultant to the College Board
Summary
In the past few years, a weak economy
has put increasing pressure on state and
institutional budgets. State appropriations
for higher education have not been
able to keep pace with increases in
enrollment, and college prices continue
to rise faster than average prices in
the economy. In this analysis brief, we
present information on recent trends in
tuition and fees, enrollment, and state
support for higher education by state,
paying particular attention to the public
two-year and four-year sectors.
Published Tuition and Fees by State,
2011-12
For the 2011-12 academic year, the
average enrollment-weighted published
price for in-state tuition and fees for
full-time undergraduate students in the
public two-year sector was $2,963 for
the nation as a whole. Average published
prices in the public two-year sector varied
widely across states, ranging from $1,119
in California and $1,498 in New Mexico
to $6,520 in Vermont and $6,741 in New
Hampshire (Figure 1).
In 2011-12, the average published price
for in-state tuition and fees for full-time
public four-year undergraduate students
in the nation was $8,244. Average
published prices in this sector ranged
from $4,125 in Wyoming and $5,123 in
Louisiana to $13,078 in Vermont and
$13,507 in New Hampshire (Figure 1).
Average published prices for tuition
and fees in 2011-12 for the private
nonprofit four-year sector ranged from
$6,198 in Utah and $6,614 in Idaho to
more than $35,000 in the District of
Columbia, California, Connecticut, and
Massachusetts (Figure 1). The national
average was $28,500.
Published Tuition and Fees by State,
2006-07 to 2011-12
Tables 1, 2, and 3 show the average
published tuition and fees by state from
2006-07 through 2011-12, as well as
the one-year, three-year, and five-year
percentage changes in tuition and fees
for the public two-year, public four-year,
and private nonprofit four-year sectors,
respectively.
July 2012
Utah
Idaho
Hawaii
Delaware
Mississippi
North Dakota
Arkansas
West Virginia
Alabama
Michigan
Nebraska
Kansas
South Carolina
Kentucky
Oklahoma
South Dakota
Montana
Tennessee
Missouri
Virginia
Nevada
Alaska
Georgia
Florida
Iowa
Arizona
Texas
North Carolina
Wisconsin
Ohio
U.S.
Illinois
Indiana
Louisiana
Maine
Minnesota
Washington
New Mexico
Oregon
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Colorado
New York
Vermont
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Maryland
District of Columbia
California
Connecticut
Massachusetts
Published Tuition and Fees
2
$9,000
$10,000
$5,000
$8,244
$1,119
$1,498
$3,000
$2,963
$4,000
$15,000
Public Four-Year In-State
$40,000
$35,000
$30,000
$13,078
$13,507
California
New Mexico
Texas
North Carolina
Arizona
Mississippi
Wyoming
Kansas
Louisiana
Nevada
Nebraska
Arkansas
Idaho
West Virginia
Missouri
Michigan
U.S.
Hawaii
Florida
Utah
Oklahoma
Georgia
Delaware
Montana
Illinois
Maine
Colorado
Connecticut
Indiana
Tennessee
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Maryland
South Carolina
Washington
Alaska
Wisconsin
North Dakota
Virginia
Oregon
Kentucky
New Jersey
Alabama
Iowa
New York
Massachusetts
South Dakota
Minnesota
Vermont
New Hampshire
$7,000
$6,520
$6,741
$8,000
Private Nonprofit Four-Year
$35,991
$36,724
$6,000
$4,125
$5,123
$1,000
$28,500
Wyoming
Louisiana
Utah
Alaska
New Mexico
West Virginia
Florida
Mississippi
Idaho
North Carolina
Montana
Nevada
Oklahoma
New York
Arkansas
Georgia
North Dakota
South Dakota
Nebraska
Kansas
District of Columbia
Tennessee
Iowa
Missouri
Colorado
Kentucky
Oregon
Maryland
Alabama
Texas
Wisconsin
U.S.
Indiana
Hawaii
Ohio
California
Connecticut
Maine
Arizona
Washington
Virginia
Minnesota
Rhode Island
Massachusetts
South Carolina
Delaware
Michigan
Illinois
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Vermont
New Hampshire
Published Tuition and Fees
$2,000
$6,198
$6,614
Published Tuition and Fees
Trends in Tuition and Fees, Enrollment, and State Appropriations
for Higher Education by State
Figure 1: Enrollment-Weighted Average Published Tuition and Fees for Full-Time Undergraduate Students, 2011-12
Public Two-Year In-State
$6,000
$5,000
$0
$12,000
$3,000
$0
$25,000
$20,000
$15,000
$0
Source: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2011, online Table 6c.
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In 2011-12, the average published in-state
tuition and fees in the public two-year
sector in the nation increased by 8.7%
from a year earlier. The state of California,
which enrolls about 15% of the nation’s
full-time students in this sector, had a
37% increase in tuition and fees at public
two-year colleges. Alabama and North
Carolina increased published tuition and
fees at public two-year colleges by 21%
and 17%, respectively. At the other end
of the spectrum, increases were less than
2% in Rhode Island, Montana, and North
Dakota (Table 1).
Note that the dollar figures in Table 1
(and other tables in this brief) are in
current dollars and not adjusted for
inflation. The table below shows the
Consumer Price Index from 2006-07
through 2011-12. During this five-year
period, the Consumer Price Index rose by
11%, an average annual increase of 2.1%.
Consumer Price Index — All Urban
Consumers, Not Seasonally Adjusted, All
Items, U.S. City Average 1982–1984 = 100
Academic
Year
CPI
(as of July)
Annual Percentage
Change
2006-07
203.5
2007-08
208.3
2.4%
2008-09
220.0
5.6%
2009-10
215.4
-2.1%
2010-11
218.0
1.2%
2011-12
225.9
3.6%
Note: The Consumer Price Index for all urban dwellers (CPI-U) is
used to adjust for inflation.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/
special.requests/cpi/cpiai.txt.
Between 2006-07 and 2011-12, the average
published price for public two-year in-state
July 2012
tuition and fees increased by less than
22% (an average annual increase of 4%) in
nine states: Maine, Maryland, Minnesota,
Missouri, Montana, North Dakota,
Ohio, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina.
During the same time period, seven states
increased their published two-year in-state
tuition and fees by more than 47% (an
average annual increase of 8%): Alabama,
California, Florida, Hawaii, Nevada, North
Carolina, and Virginia (Table 1).
In 2011-12, the average in-state tuition
and fees in the nation’s public four-year
sector increased by 8.3% from a year
earlier. The state of California, which
enrolls about 10% of the nation’s full-time
students in this sector, had a 21% increase
in tuition and fees at public four-year
institutions. Another nine states increased
published four-year in-state tuition and
fees by more than 10%. In contrast, tuition
and fee increases in Connecticut and
South Carolina were about 2.5% (Table 2).
Between 2006-07 and 2011-12, the average
public four-year in-state tuition and fees
increased by less than 22% (an average
annual increase of 4%) in five states:
Maryland, Missouri, Montana, Ohio, and
Wyoming. During the same time period,
12 states increased their published fouryear in-state tuition and fees by more than
47% (an average annual increase of 8%),
including four that nearly or more than
doubled their tuition and fees: Arizona,
California, the District of Columbia, and
Hawaii (Table 2).
In 2011-12, the average published tuition
and fees in the private nonprofit four-year
3
Trends in Tuition and Fees, Enrollment, and State Appropriations
for Higher Education by State
sector increased by a smaller percentage
than in the public sector. The increase in
tuition and fees in the private nonprofit
four-year sector was 4.5% for the nation
as a whole and ranged from 2.9% in New
Mexico to 7.1% in Oklahoma. Between
2006-07 and 2011-12, tuition and fees
in this sector increased by less than 22%
in eight states and by more than 47% in
just one state, Alaska (Table 3; note there
is only one private nonprofit four-year
institution in Alaska).
Published Tuition and Fees at State
Flagship Universities, 2007-08 to 2011-12
Tables 4a and 4b show the published
tuition and fees at flagship universities
for in-state and out-of-state students,
respectively.
Typically, published tuition and fee prices at
flagship universities are higher than those
at other public four-year institutions in the
state. In 2011-12, published in-state tuition
and fees at flagship universities ranged
from a low of $4,125 at the University
of Wyoming (the only public four-year
institution in the state) to a high of $17,053
at Penn State University Park (Table 4a). (As
shown in Table 2, the average 2011-12 public
four-year in-state tuition and fee price in
Pennsylvania was $12,079.)
In 2011-12, published out-of-state prices
for tuition and fees at flagship universities
varied widely across states, ranging from
$8,924 at the University of South Dakota
to more than $35,000 at the University
of California–Berkeley, the University of
Virginia, and the University of Michigan
(Table 4b).
4
Full-time enrollment at flagship universities
ranged from less than 10,000 at six states’
flagship universities (Alaska, Idaho,
Maine, North Dakota, South Dakota, and
Wyoming) to more than 30,000 at six
states’ flagship universities (Florida, Illinois,
Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas) in
fall 2010 (not shown).
State Appropriations for Higher
Education
State appropriations are a major source
of revenue for public colleges and
universities. Over the decade from
1998-99 to 2008-09, the average share
of revenues coming from state and local
appropriations decreased and the average
share of revenues coming from net
tuition increased for all types of public
institutions (Figure 2).
In 2008-09, state appropriations
contributed 24% of total revenues at
public degree-granting institutions.
However, there are vast differences in
the level of state support for higher
education among states. For example,
while state appropriations in Colorado
and the District of Columbia contributed
less than 6% of total revenues, state
appropriations in Alaska, Nevada, and
Wyoming contributed more than 40% of
total revenues at public degree-granting
institutions (Figure 3).
Differences in state support for higher
education among states are also shown in
Figure 4. In 2011-12, while average state
appropriations per $1,000 of personal
income were $5.63 for the nation, New
Hampshire provided $1.39 and Colorado
POLICY BRIEF I RESEARCH BRIEF I LITERATURE BRIEF I ANALYSIS BRIEF I INSIGHT BRIEF
College Board Advocacy & Policy Center
provided $2.88 per $1,000 of personal
income for higher education operations.
At the other end of the spectrum,
appropriations per $1,000 of personal
income were $11.09 in New Mexico,
$11.24 in North Carolina, and $12.63 in
Wyoming (Figure 4).
Table 5 shows state appropriations
for 2006-07, 2010-11, and 2011-12. In
2011-12, total state appropriations in the
U.S. declined by 7.5% from a year earlier.
All but nine states saw a decline in state
appropriations for higher education in
2011-12. The largest decline was 39%
in New Hampshire, followed by 25%
in Arizona. Another 16 states saw a
decline of more than 10%. Three states
(Illinois, North Dakota, and Rhode
Island) increased their appropriations
by more than 10%. Twenty states had
higher appropriations and 30 had lower
appropriations in 2011-12 than five years
earlier. Note that these figures have not
been adjusted for inflation.
Enrollment
Declines in state appropriations were
accompanied by increases in the
number of students enrolled in higher
education. In fall 2010, 15.1 million
students were enrolled in public degreegranting institutions, up 16% from five
years before. California had the largest
enrollment (2.2 million), followed by
Texas (1.3 million). The District of
Columbia enrolled 5,800 students and
Vermont enrolled 27,500. All states saw
an increase in total enrollment at public
institutions from fall 2005 to fall 2010,
with increases ranging from less than
July 2012
10% in eight states to more than 20% in
11 states (Table 6).
Tables 7a and 7b show total fall
enrollment for the public two-year and
public four-year sectors, respectively.
Alaska is the only state that saw a decrease
in total enrollment in the public twoyear sector from 2005 to 2010. (Because
of the reclassification of some two-year
colleges as four-year institutions, the
total enrollment numbers in 2005 and
2010 in Florida, Nevada, North Dakota,
and Washington are based on different
numbers of institutions and are not
comparable.) Total fall enrollment in
the public two-year sector in Indiana
increased by 77% from 2005 to 2010. Total
fall enrollment in the public two-year
sector in Louisiana more than doubled
from 2005 to 2010. This is because of the
unusually low enrollment number in fall
2005 due to Hurricane Katrina (Table 7a).
Between fall 2005 and fall 2010, the total
fall enrollment in the public four-year
sector decreased slightly in Louisiana,
Maine, and Wyoming. All other states saw
an increase. In general, the increase in
total fall enrollment in the public fouryear sector was much smaller than that in
the public two-year sector (Table 7b).
5
Trends in Tuition and Fees, Enrollment, and State Appropriations
for Higher Education by State
Figure 2: Institutional Revenues per FTE Student in Constant 2009 Dollars at Public Institutions, by Revenue
Source, 1998-99 to 2008-09, Selected Years
$30,000
Revenue in Constant 2009 Dollars
$25,000
$20,000
35%
34%
25%
$15,000
34%
$10,000
49%
38%
11%
56%
$5,000
14%
13%
47%
16%
43%
17%
42%
56%
47%
31%
37%
32%
25%
$0
14%
28%
33%
98-99
03-04
08-09
Public Doctoral
38%
43%
98-99
03-04
08-09
Public Master's
14%
16%
15%
64%
58%
57%
22%
26%
27%
41%
98-99
03-04
08-09
Public Bachelor's
98-99
03-04
08-09
Public Two-Year
Academic Year and Institution Type
Federal Appropriations and Federal, State, and Local Grants and Contracts
State and Local Appropriations
Net Tuition and Fee Revenue
Note: Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding.
Source: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2011, Figure 12A.
Figure 3: Institutional Revenues at Public Degree-Granting Institutions from State Appropriations and Tuition
and Fees, by State, 2008-09
100%
Percentage
80%
60%
40%
0%
Colorado
District of Columbia
Vermont
Oregon
Pennsylvania
New Hampshire
Utah
Illinois
South Carolina
Michigan
Wisconsin
Montana
Iowa
Rhode Island
Ohio
Arizona
Kentucky
California
Alabama
Arkansas
South Dakota
Washington
New Jersey
Missouri
U.S.
Virginia
Maryland
North Dakota
Texas
Indiana
Oklahoma
West Virginia
Kansas
New Mexico
Mississippi
Massachusetts
Maine
Minnesota
Nebraska
Tennessee
New York
Georgia
Florida
Connecticut
Louisiana
Hawaii
Delaware
Idaho
North Carolina
Alaska
Wyoming
Nevada
20%
State
State Appropriations
Tuition and Fees
Source: National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics 2010, Table 364.
6
POLICY BRIEF I RESEARCH BRIEF I LITERATURE BRIEF I ANALYSIS BRIEF I INSIGHT BRIEF
New Hampshire
Colorado
Massachusetts
Vermont
Pennsylvania
Arizona
Missouri
Oregon
Rhode Island
New Jersey
Virginia
Washington
Nevada
Connecticut
Michigan
Ohio
New York
Florida
Wisconsin
South Dakota
Minnesota
Maine
Maryland
South Carolina
Montana
U.S.
Delaware
California
Iowa
Tennessee
Idaho
Illinois
Kansas
Texas
Oklahoma
Indiana
Louisiana
Georgia
Utah
Kentucky
Nebraska
West Virginia
Hawaii
Alabama
Arkansas
Mississippi
North Dakota
Alaska
New Mexico
North Carolina
Wyoming
Appropriations per $1,000 in Personal Income
$3
$1.39
$2.88
$6
$5.63
$15
$12
$11.24
$12.63
College Board Advocacy & Policy Center
July 2012
Figure 4: State Appropriations for Higher Education per $1,000 in Personal Income, by State, 2011-12
$9
$0
State
Source: Illinois State University, Grapevine Data, Table 5.
7
Trends in Tuition and Fees, Enrollment, and State Appropriations
for Higher Education by State
Table 1: Enrollment-Weighted Average Published In-State Tuition and Fees for Full-Time Undergraduate
Students at Public Two-Year Institutions by State, Not Adjusted for Inflation, 2006-07 to 2011-12
Public Two-Year In-State Tuition and Fees
State
U.S.
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Percentage Change
2011-12
2010-11
2009-10
2008-09
2007-08
2006-07
1-Year
3-Year
5-Year
$2,963
$4,124
$3,831
$2,124
$2,661
$1,119
$3,397
$3,490
$3,086
—
$3,006
$3,078
$2,967
$2,666
$3,150
$3,521
$4,177
$2,426
$4,051
$2,452
$3,327
$3,700
$4,823
$2,863
$5,162
$2,208
$2,756
$3,087
$2,514
$2,513
$6,741
$4,111
$1,498
$4,253
$2,075
$3,926
$3,608
$3,043
$4,029
$3,663
$3,676
$3,731
$4,945
$3,551
$2,049
$3,009
$6,520
$3,968
$3,805
$2,700
$3,840
$2,325
$2,727
$3,417
$3,699
$1,979
$2,525
$819
$3,122
$3,408
$2,889
—
$2,773
$2,800
$2,710
$2,554
$3,010
$3,441
$3,912
$2,281
$3,900
$2,212
$3,260
$3,567
$4,594
$2,694
$4,939
$2,119
$2,580
$3,029
$2,412
$2,243
$6,271
$3,922
$1,325
$3,961
$1,776
$3,880
$3,473
$2,832
$3,745
$3,470
$3,652
$3,646
$4,585
$3,196
$1,858
$2,867
$6,250
$3,585
$3,360
$2,524
$3,623
$2,223
$2,558
$2,839
$3,622
$1,918
$2,378
$817
$2,768
$3,200
$2,763
—
$2,553
$2,596
$2,443
$2,418
$2,729
$3,279
$3,701
$2,121
$3,759
$2,049
$3,236
$3,394
$4,291
$2,527
$4,739
$1,855
$2,580
$2,978
$2,294
$2,022
$5,892
$3,794
$1,208
$3,871
$1,600
$3,878
$3,327
$2,704
$3,611
$3,448
$3,376
$3,481
$4,314
$2,971
$1,746
$2,710
$6,070
$3,087
$3,153
$2,524
$3,507
$2,164
$2,372
$2,835
$3,175
$1,821
$2,296
$634
$2,550
$2,984
$2,631
—
$2,292
$2,104
$2,192
$2,232
$2,597
$3,137
$3,512
$1,984
$3,684
$1,947
$3,156
$3,329
$3,925
$2,455
$4,562
$1,770
$2,586
$2,904
$2,240
$1,921
$5,607
$3,550
$1,146
$3,653
$1,350
$3,837
$3,176
$2,693
$3,336
$3,345
$3,090
$3,346
$3,939
$2,777
$1,662
$2,555
$5,830
$2,860
$2,962
$2,479
$3,422
$2,018
$2,294
$2,809
$2,894
$1,686
$2,138
$633
$2,459
$2,828
$2,422
—
$2,031
$2,120
$1,946
$2,092
$2,440
$3,003
$3,331
$1,928
$3,450
$1,915
$3,120
$3,252
$3,694
$2,329
$4,446
$1,709
$2,505
$2,770
$2,155
$1,763
$5,609
$3,387
$1,143
$3,547
$1,341
$3,455
$3,175
$2,486
$3,222
$3,234
$2,846
$3,235
$3,596
$2,632
$1,649
$2,444
$5,500
$2,561
$2,879
$2,345
$3,270
$1,922
$2,266
$2,786
$2,655
$1,660
$2,095
$724
$2,376
$2,672
$2,310
—
$2,031
$2,236
$1,732
$1,979
$2,301
$2,882
$3,202
$1,887
$3,270
$1,875
$2,926
$3,122
$3,579
$2,231
$4,264
$1,693
$2,391
$2,572
$2,013
$1,695
$5,234
$3,188
$1,102
$3,460
$1,257
$3,304
$3,103
$2,306
$3,161
$3,110
$2,686
$3,125
$3,449
$2,490
$1,610
$2,324
$5,230
$2,372
$2,738
$2,207
$3,145
$1,830
8.7%
20.7%
3.6%
7.3%
5.4%
36.6%
8.8%
2.4%
6.8%
N/A
8.4%
9.9%
9.5%
4.4%
4.7%
2.3%
6.8%
6.4%
3.9%
10.8%
2.1%
3.7%
5.0%
6.3%
4.5%
4.2%
6.8%
1.9%
4.2%
12.0%
7.5%
4.8%
13.1%
7.4%
16.8%
1.2%
3.9%
7.5%
7.6%
5.6%
0.7%
2.3%
7.9%
11.1%
10.3%
5.0%
4.3%
10.7%
13.2%
7.0%
6.0%
4.6%
24.9%
45.5%
20.7%
16.6%
15.9%
76.5%
33.2%
17.0%
17.3%
N/A
31.2%
46.3%
35.4%
19.4%
21.3%
12.2%
18.9%
22.3%
10.0%
25.9%
5.4%
11.1%
22.9%
16.6%
13.2%
24.7%
6.6%
6.3%
12.2%
30.8%
20.2%
15.8%
30.7%
16.4%
53.7%
2.3%
13.6%
13.0%
20.8%
9.5%
19.0%
11.5%
25.5%
27.9%
23.3%
17.8%
11.8%
38.7%
28.5%
8.9%
12.2%
15.2%
30.8%
48.0%
44.3%
28.0%
27.0%
54.6%
43.0%
30.6%
33.6%
N/A
48.0%
37.7%
71.3%
34.7%
36.9%
22.2%
30.4%
28.6%
23.9%
30.8%
13.7%
18.5%
34.8%
28.3%
21.1%
30.4%
15.3%
20.0%
24.9%
48.3%
28.8%
29.0%
35.9%
22.9%
65.1%
18.8%
16.3%
32.0%
27.5%
17.8%
36.9%
19.4%
43.4%
42.6%
27.3%
29.5%
24.7%
67.3%
39.0%
22.3%
22.1%
27.0%
Source: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2011, online Table 6c.
8
POLICY BRIEF I RESEARCH BRIEF I LITERATURE BRIEF I ANALYSIS BRIEF I INSIGHT BRIEF
College Board Advocacy & Policy Center
July 2012
Table 2: Enrollment-Weighted Average Published In-State Tuition and Fees for Full-Time Undergraduate
Students at Public Four-Year Institutions by State, Not Adjusted for Inflation, 2006-07 to 2011-12
Public Four-Year In-State Tuition and Fees
State
2011-12
2010-11
2009-10
2008-09
2007-08
U.S.
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
$8,244
$7,993
$5,456
$9,428
$6,646
$9,022
$7,849
$9,197
$10,496
$7,000
$5,626
$6,808
$8,352
$5,681
$11,600
$8,334
$7,562
$6,960
$7,963
$5,123
$9,354
$7,993
$10,173
$10,837
$9,966
$5,668
$7,668
$5,874
$6,934
$6,044
$13,507
$12,041
$5,457
$6,213
$5,685
$6,847
$8,904
$6,059
$7,988
$12,079
$10,007
$10,300
$6,873
$7,209
$8,078
$5,292
$13,078
$9,618
$9,484
$5,532
$8,193
$4,125
$7,613
$7,373
$5,261
$8,075
$6,304
$7,485
$7,078
$8,977
$9,623
$7,000
$5,034
$5,872
$7,458
$5,330
$10,969
$7,988
$7,155
$6,627
$7,519
$4,733
$8,945
$7,737
$9,488
$10,135
$9,387
$5,294
$7,271
$5,612
$6,600
$5,318
$11,946
$11,649
$5,128
$5,793
$5,323
$6,569
$8,605
$5,750
$7,434
$11,331
$9,319
$10,063
$6,318
$6,522
$7,744
$4,916
$12,474
$8,809
$8,197
$5,226
$7,711
$3,927
$7,050
$6,487
$4,922
$6,554
$5,980
$6,550
$6,270
$8,456
$9,012
$5,370
$4,444
$5,008
$6,638
$4,886
$10,410
$7,643
$6,712
$6,312
$7,116
$4,282
$8,544
$7,476
$9,239
$9,761
$8,788
$4,952
$7,215
$5,485
$6,234
$4,543
$11,075
$11,133
$4,786
$5,740
$4,539
$6,335
$8,170
$5,421
$6,906
$10,764
$8,503
$9,520
$6,031
$6,098
$7,328
$4,573
$12,016
$7,936
$7,321
$4,980
$7,169
$3,726
$6,591
$5,968
$4,678
$5,584
$5,914
$5,436
$5,792
$8,038
$8,291
$3,770
$3,825
$4,453
$5,823
$4,612
$10,021
$7,222
$6,433
$6,010
$6,809
$4,073
$8,078
$7,392
$8,239
$9,130
$8,317
$4,947
$7,228
$5,336
$5,956
$4,397
$10,293
$10,748
$4,520
$5,121
$4,391
$6,107
$8,140
$5,641
$6,239
$10,353
$7,727
$9,132
$5,698
$5,686
$6,919
$4,275
$11,341
$7,581
$6,433
$4,707
$6,796
$3,621
$6,191
$5,244
$4,425
$4,959
$5,599
$4,951
$5,435
$7,574
$7,808
$3,770
$3,386
$4,181
$5,017
$4,382
$9,099
$6,875
$6,218
$5,746
$6,279
$3,830
$7,334
$7,314
$7,887
$8,499
$7,798
$4,757
$6,845
$5,302
$5,581
$3,948
$9,698
$9,974
$4,248
$5,076
$4,306
$5,803
$8,129
$4,993
$5,946
$9,792
$7,221
$8,371
$5,343
$5,365
$6,450
$4,059
$10,485
$7,008
$5,986
$4,406
$6,413
$3,554
Percentage Change
2006-07
1-Year
3-Year
5-Year
$5,804
$4,906
$4,194
$4,674
$5,314
$4,549
$4,772
$7,135
$7,403
$3,210
$3,315
$3,909
$4,227
$4,156
$8,058
$6,555
$5,900
$5,213
$5,764
$3,770
$6,616
$7,216
$7,583
$7,673
$7,518
$4,450
$6,526
$5,258
$5,229
$3,645
$9,127
$9,331
$4,056
$5,041
$4,067
$5,512
$8,112
$4,432
$5,576
$9,051
$6,787
$7,913
$4,969
$4,973
$5,985
$3,816
$9,783
$6,556
$5,670
$4,166
$6,042
$3,515
8.3%
8.4%
3.7%
16.8%
5.4%
20.5%
10.9%
2.5%
9.1%
0.0%
11.8%
15.9%
12.0%
6.6%
5.8%
4.3%
5.7%
5.0%
5.9%
8.2%
4.6%
3.3%
7.2%
6.9%
6.2%
7.1%
5.5%
4.7%
5.1%
13.7%
13.1%
3.4%
6.4%
7.3%
6.8%
4.2%
3.5%
5.4%
7.5%
6.6%
7.4%
2.4%
8.8%
10.5%
4.3%
7.6%
4.8%
9.2%
15.7%
5.9%
6.3%
5.0%
25.1%
33.9%
16.6%
68.8%
12.4%
66.0%
35.5%
14.4%
26.6%
85.7%
47.1%
52.9%
43.4%
23.2%
15.8%
15.4%
17.6%
15.8%
16.9%
25.8%
15.8%
8.1%
23.5%
18.7%
19.8%
14.6%
6.1%
10.1%
16.4%
37.5%
31.2%
12.0%
20.7%
21.3%
29.5%
12.1%
9.4%
7.4%
28.0%
16.7%
29.5%
12.8%
20.6%
26.8%
16.8%
23.8%
15.3%
26.9%
47.4%
17.5%
20.6%
13.9%
42.0%
62.9%
30.1%
101.7%
25.1%
98.3%
64.5%
28.9%
41.8%
118.1%
69.7%
74.2%
97.6%
36.7%
44.0%
27.1%
28.2%
33.5%
38.2%
35.9%
41.4%
10.8%
34.2%
41.2%
32.6%
27.4%
17.5%
11.7%
32.6%
65.8%
48.0%
29.0%
34.5%
23.2%
39.8%
24.2%
9.8%
36.7%
43.3%
33.5%
47.4%
30.2%
38.3%
45.0%
35.0%
38.7%
33.7%
46.7%
67.3%
32.8%
35.6%
17.4%
Source: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2011, online Table 6c.
9
Trends in Tuition and Fees, Enrollment, and State Appropriations
for Higher Education by State
Table 3: Enrollment-Weighted Average Published Tuition and Fees for Full-Time Undergraduate Students at
Private Nonprofit Four-Year Institutions by State, Not Adjusted for Inflation, 2006-07 to 2011-12
Private Nonprofit Four-Year Tuition and Fees
Percentage Change
State
2011-12
2010-11
2009-10
2008-09
2007-08
2006-07
1-Year
3-Year
5-Year
U.S.
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
$28,500
$18,719
$25,406
$26,712
$18,250
$35,766
$33,129
$35,991
$13,888
$35,581
$26,494
$26,029
$12,610
$6,614
$28,903
$29,578
$26,551
$21,042
$22,171
$30,024
$31,414
$34,269
$36,724
$19,414
$31,462
$14,635
$24,476
$22,987
$20,213
$25,370
$33,761
$32,447
$31,656
$33,151
$27,015
$14,700
$28,376
$22,415
$31,827
$32,559
$33,943
$21,951
$22,926
$23,485
$26,828
$6,198
$33,643
$24,683
$31,618
$18,606
$27,239
—
$27,265
$17,632
$24,675
$25,583
$17,217
$34,286
$32,038
$34,542
$13,453
$34,223
$25,386
$24,898
$12,068
$6,360
$27,503
$28,260
$25,290
$20,024
$21,114
$28,823
$30,406
$32,841
$35,255
$18,638
$29,978
$14,102
$23,518
$21,780
$19,347
$24,560
$32,361
$31,035
$30,777
$31,742
$25,793
$14,246
$27,135
$20,936
$30,204
$31,272
$32,777
$20,982
$21,862
$22,446
$25,234
$5,981
$32,470
$23,216
$30,160
$17,906
$26,021
—
$26,129
$16,496
$23,031
$24,548
$16,744
$32,826
$31,098
$33,135
$13,432
$32,624
$24,432
$23,898
$11,451
$6,213
$26,272
$27,076
$24,198
$19,095
$19,974
$27,252
$29,377
$31,744
$33,793
$17,728
$28,675
$13,533
$22,673
$20,749
$19,337
$22,978
$31,311
$29,476
$29,647
$30,490
$24,755
$13,778
$26,104
$19,725
$28,980
$30,114
$30,714
$20,301
$20,541
$21,427
$23,765
$5,682
$31,164
$22,686
$28,824
$16,715
$24,916
—
$25,177
$15,604
$21,522
$24,056
$15,737
$31,651
$29,822
$31,902
$12,741
$31,379
$23,492
$22,939
$10,922
$6,027
$25,048
$26,078
$23,526
$18,101
$19,121
$26,424
$28,524
$30,404
$32,500
$17,619
$27,294
$13,315
$21,785
$19,825
$18,699
$22,978
$29,812
$28,318
$27,049
$29,223
$23,597
$13,187
$25,119
$18,613
$27,905
$28,941
$29,724
$19,701
$19,631
$20,538
$22,509
$5,353
$29,812
$22,071
$27,546
$16,644
$23,858
—
$23,745
$14,669
$20,069
$20,432
$14,722
$29,846
$28,699
$30,234
$12,402
$29,837
$22,264
$21,560
$10,426
$5,614
$23,555
$24,810
$22,221
$17,125
$17,956
$24,694
$27,364
$28,256
$30,941
$16,920
$25,560
$12,798
$20,649
$18,379
$17,424
$22,305
$28,263
$26,808
$25,965
$27,518
$22,082
$11,682
$23,719
$17,249
$26,654
$27,256
$28,047
$18,641
$18,447
$19,518
$20,774
$4,976
$28,176
$21,145
$25,772
$16,097
$22,540
—
$22,308
$13,512
$16,731
$20,003
$13,801
$28,077
$26,731
$28,547
$11,573
$27,658
$21,192
$20,124
$9,835
$5,326
$22,167
$23,545
$20,745
$16,150
$16,926
$22,122
$26,635
$26,497
$29,299
$15,964
$23,916
$12,263
$19,482
$17,093
$16,752
$20,873
$26,841
$25,175
$24,252
$25,446
$20,790
$11,171
$22,396
$16,256
$25,018
$25,675
$26,541
$17,588
$17,393
$18,484
$19,276
$4,649
$25,629
$20,396
$24,147
$15,488
$21,385
—
4.5%
6.2%
3.0%
4.4%
6.0%
4.3%
3.4%
4.2%
3.2%
4.0%
4.4%
4.5%
4.5%
4.0%
5.1%
4.7%
5.0%
5.1%
5.0%
4.2%
3.3%
4.3%
4.2%
4.2%
5.0%
3.8%
4.1%
5.5%
4.5%
3.3%
4.3%
4.5%
2.9%
4.4%
4.7%
3.2%
4.6%
7.1%
5.4%
4.1%
3.6%
4.6%
4.9%
4.6%
6.3%
3.6%
3.6%
6.3%
4.8%
3.9%
4.7%
N/A
13.2%
20.0%
18.0%
11.0%
16.0%
13.0%
11.1%
12.8%
9.0%
13.4%
12.8%
13.5%
15.5%
9.7%
15.4%
13.4%
12.9%
16.2%
16.0%
13.6%
10.1%
12.7%
13.0%
10.2%
15.3%
9.9%
12.4%
15.9%
8.1%
10.4%
13.2%
14.6%
17.0%
13.4%
14.5%
11.5%
13.0%
20.4%
14.1%
12.5%
14.2%
11.4%
16.8%
14.3%
19.2%
15.8%
12.9%
11.8%
14.8%
11.8%
14.2%
N/A
27.8%
38.5%
51.8%
33.5%
32.2%
27.4%
23.9%
26.1%
20.0%
28.6%
25.0%
29.3%
28.2%
24.2%
30.4%
25.6%
28.0%
30.3%
31.0%
35.7%
17.9%
29.3%
25.3%
21.6%
31.6%
19.3%
25.6%
34.5%
20.7%
21.5%
25.8%
28.9%
30.5%
30.3%
29.9%
31.6%
26.7%
37.9%
27.2%
26.8%
27.9%
24.8%
31.8%
27.1%
39.2%
33.3%
31.3%
21.0%
30.9%
20.1%
27.4%
N/A
Source: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2011, online Table 6c.
10
POLICY BRIEF I RESEARCH BRIEF I LITERATURE BRIEF I ANALYSIS BRIEF I INSIGHT BRIEF
College Board Advocacy & Policy Center
July 2012
Table 4a: Published In-State Tuition and Fees for Full-Time Undergraduate Students at Flagship Universities,
Not Adjusted for Inflation, 2007-08 to 2011-12
In-State Tuition and Fees
State
Name
2011-12
2010-11
2009-10
2008-09
2007-08
1-Year
Percentage
Change
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
University of Alabama
University of Alaska Fairbanks
University of Arizona
University of Arkansas
University of California–Berkeley
University of Colorado at Boulder
University of Connecticut
University of Delaware
University of Florida
University of Georgia
University of Hawaii at Manoa
University of Idaho
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Indiana University Bloomington
University of Iowa
University of Kansas
University of Kentucky
Louisiana State University and Agricultural
and Mechanical College
University of Maine
University of Maryland: College Park
University of Massachusetts Amherst
University of Michigan
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
University of Mississippi
University of Missouri
University of Montana
University of Nebraska–Lincoln
University of Nevada, Reno
University of New Hampshire
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey:
New Brunswick/Piscataway Campus
University of New Mexico
State University of New York at Buffalo
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
University of North Dakota
Ohio State University: Columbus Campus
University of Oklahoma
University of Oregon
Penn State University Park
University of Rhode Island
University of South Carolina
University of South Dakota
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
University of Texas at Austin
University of Utah
University of Vermont
University of Virginia
University of Washington
West Virginia University
University of Wisconsin–Madison
University of Wyoming
$8,600
$5,570
$9,299
$7,174
$12,835
$10,098
$10,670
$11,192
$5,657
$8,693
$9,100
$5,856
$13,838
$9,524
$7,765
$8,452
$9,128
$7,900
$5,316
$8,237
$6,768
$10,940
$9,390
$10,416
$10,208
$5,045
$7,338
$8,096
$5,402
$13,096
$9,028
$7,417
$7,980
$8,610
$7,000
$5,133
$6,855
$6,459
$9,749
$7,932
$9,886
$9,486
$4,373
$6,172
$7,168
$4,932
$12,528
$8,613
$6,824
$7,673
$8,123
$6,400
$4,828
$5,531
$6,400
$7,656
$7,278
$9,338
$8,646
$3,790
$5,532
$6,259
$4,632
$12,240
$8,231
$6,544
$7,275
$7,736
$5,700
$4,496
$5,037
$6,038
$7,164
$7,317
$8,842
$8,150
$3,370
$5,259
$5,390
$4,410
$11,130
$7,837
$6,293
$7,146
$7,096
8.9%
4.8%
12.9%
6.0%
17.3%
7.5%
2.4%
9.6%
12.1%
18.5%
12.4%
8.4%
5.7%
5.5%
4.7%
5.9%
6.0%
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
$5,870
$5,764
$5,233
$5,086
$4,543
1.8%
$10,588
$8,655
$12,797
$13,961
$13,022
$5,792
$8,989
$5,722
$7,563
$6,176
$15,250
$12,754
$10,142
$8,416
$11,917
$13,152
$12,203
$5,439
$8,501
$5,476
$7,224
$5,561
$13,672
$12,582
$9,626
$8,053
$11,917
$12,662
$11,287
$5,106
$8,501
$5,330
$6,857
$4,901
$12,743
$11,886
$9,100
$8,005
$10,417
$11,037
$10,634
$5,107
$8,485
$5,150
$6,585
$4,561
$11,756
$11,540
$8,330
$7,969
$9,924
$10,447
$9,885
$4,932
$8,099
$5,141
$6,216
$4,029
$11,070
$10,686
4.4%
2.8%
7.4%
6.2%
6.7%
6.5%
5.7%
4.5%
4.7%
11.1%
11.5%
1.4%
$5,809
$7,482
$7,008
$7,092
$9,735
$7,829
$8,789
$17,053
$11,366
$10,168
$7,209
$8,456
$9,794
$6,763
$14,784
$11,576
$10,826
$5,674
$9,665
$4,125
$5,506
$7,136
$6,671
$6,934
$9,420
$7,428
$8,190
$16,319
$10,476
$9,786
$6,762
$7,382
$9,416
$6,274
$14,066
$10,628
$8,973
$5,406
$8,983
$3,927
$5,101
$7,013
$5,625
$6,726
$8,726
$6,929
$7,428
$15,308
$9,528
$9,156
$6,468
$6,855
$8,930
$5,746
$13,554
$9,672
$7,964
$5,304
$8,310
$3,726
$4,834
$6,285
$5,397
$6,513
$8,679
$7,423
$6,435
$14,561
$8,678
$8,838
$5,828
$6,250
$8,532
$5,285
$12,844
$9,505
$6,907
$5,100
$7,568
$3,621
$4,571
$6,218
$5,340
$6,130
$8,676
$6,507
$6,168
$13,639
$8,184
$8,346
$5,393
$5,932
$7,670
$4,987
$12,054
$8,500
$6,385
$4,722
$7,188
$3,554
5.5%
4.8%
5.1%
2.3%
3.3%
5.4%
7.3%
4.5%
8.5%
3.9%
6.6%
14.5%
4.0%
7.8%
5.1%
8.9%
20.7%
5.0%
7.6%
5.0%
Source: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2011, online Table 6d.
11
Trends in Tuition and Fees, Enrollment, and State Appropriations
for Higher Education by State
Table 4b: Published Out-of-State Tuition and Fees for Full-Time Undergraduate Students at Flagship
Universities, Not Adjusted for Inflation, 2007-08 to 2011-12
Out-of-State Tuition and Fees
State
Name
2011-12
2010-11
2009-10
2008-09
2007-08
1-Year
Percentage
Change
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
University of Alabama
University of Alaska Fairbanks
University of Arizona
University of Arkansas
University of California–Berkeley
University of Colorado at Boulder
University of Connecticut
University of Delaware
University of Florida
University of Georgia
University of Hawaii at Manoa
University of Idaho
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Indiana University Bloomington
University of Iowa
University of Kansas
University of Kentucky
Louisiana State University and Agricultural
and Mechanical College
University of Maine
University of Maryland, College Park
University of Massachusetts Amherst
University of Michigan
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
University of Mississippi
University of Missouri
University of Montana
University of Nebraska–Lincoln
University of Nevada, Reno
University of New Hampshire
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey:
New Brunswick/Piscataway Campus
University of New Mexico
State University of New York at Buffalo
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
University of North Dakota
Ohio State University: Columbus Campus
University of Oklahoma
University of Oregon
Penn State University Park
University of Rhode Island
University of South Carolina
University of South Dakota
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
University of Texas at Austin
University of Utah
University of Vermont
University of Virginia
University of Washington
West Virginia University
University of Wisconsin–Madison
University of Wyoming
$21,900
$17,210
$25,509
$17,606
$35,713
$30,330
$27,566
$27,462
$27,934
$27,682
$23,932
$18,376
$27,980
$29,540
$25,099
$22,608
$18,740
$18,878
$20,500
$15,906
$24,597
$16,000
$33,819
$29,493
$26,880
$25,408
$27,322
$26,946
$21,536
$16,994
$27,238
$27,689
$23,713
$21,538
$17,678
$16,549
$19,200
$15,036
$22,572
$15,445
$32,418
$28,193
$25,584
$23,408
$23,744
$25,946
$19,328
$15,111
$26,336
$26,173
$22,445
$20,185
$16,723
$14,415
$18,000
$14,248
$18,665
$15,278
$28,264
$26,756
$24,050
$21,126
$20,640
$22,343
$16,915
$14,712
$26,024
$24,769
$20,658
$18,909
$15,884
$13,800
$16,518
$13,466
$16,271
$14,492
$26,784
$24,797
$22,786
$19,400
$17,791
$20,726
$14,654
$14,490
$25,216
$22,316
$19,465
$17,556
$14,896
$12,843
6.8%
8.2%
3.7%
10.0%
5.6%
2.8%
2.6%
8.1%
2.2%
2.7%
11.1%
8.1%
2.7%
6.7%
5.8%
5.0%
6.0%
14.1%
$26,308
$26,026
$25,585
$37,782
$18,022
$14,797
$21,784
$20,099
$19,848
$19,771
$28,570
$25,416
$25,172
$24,831
$23,813
$36,001
$16,503
$13,894
$20,516
$19,172
$18,924
$18,851
$27,642
$24,044
$23,972
$24,156
$23,414
$34,937
$15,529
$13,046
$19,682
$17,794
$17,926
$17,698
$26,992
$22,834
$22,510
$23,076
$21,914
$33,069
$14,634
$12,468
$19,558
$16,425
$17,205
$15,656
$25,236
$21,488
$20,540
$22,208
$20,499
$31,301
$21,515
$11,436
$18,755
$15,504
$16,236
$14,839
$24,030
$19,854
4.5%
4.8%
7.4%
4.9%
9.2%
6.5%
6.2%
4.8%
4.9%
4.9%
3.4%
5.7%
$19,999
$16,932
$26,834
$16,767
$24,630
$19,278
$27,653
$28,066
$27,454
$26,352
$8,924
$25,298
$32,506
$21,389
$34,424
$35,898
$28,310
$17,844
$25,415
$12,855
$18,691
$15,546
$25,286
$16,373
$23,604
$18,295
$25,830
$27,114
$27,182
$25,362
$8,259
$22,420
$31,266
$19,841
$32,630
$32,902
$25,601
$17,002
$24,233
$12,237
$17,234
$15,036
$23,609
$15,862
$22,404
$17,704
$23,730
$25,972
$26,198
$23,732
$7,892
$20,646
$30,006
$18,193
$31,454
$31,326
$24,639
$16,402
$23,095
$11,697
$15,708
$12,545
$22,295
$15,325
$22,298
$17,404
$19,992
$24,940
$24,776
$22,908
$7,148
$18,908
$27,760
$16,601
$29,682
$29,798
$23,324
$15,770
$21,818
$11,031
$14,942
$12,478
$20,988
$14,523
$21,918
$15,621
$19,332
$23,712
$23,038
$21,632
$6,631
$17,874
$24,544
$15,662
$27,938
$27,515
$22,131
$14,600
$21,438
$10,394
7.0%
8.9%
6.1%
2.4%
4.3%
5.4%
7.1%
3.5%
1.0%
3.9%
8.1%
12.8%
4.0%
7.8%
5.5%
9.1%
10.6%
5.0%
4.9%
5.1%
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Source: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2011, online Table 6d.
12
POLICY BRIEF I RESEARCH BRIEF I LITERATURE BRIEF I ANALYSIS BRIEF I INSIGHT BRIEF
College Board Advocacy & Policy Center
July 2012
Table 5: Total State Appropriations for Higher Education (in Thousands) by State, Not Adjusted for Inflation,
2006-07 to 2011-12, Selected Years
Total State Appropriations (in Thousands)
State
U.S.
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Percentage Change
2011-12
2010-11
2006-07
1-Year
5-Year
$72,543,813
$1,470,952
$355,185
$814,458
$903,590
$9,663,254
$647,496
$944,555
$213,194
$3,622,862
$2,631,581
$512,328
$333,670
$3,585,962
$1,549,460
$739,052
$739,612
$1,235,422
$1,290,048
$270,803
$1,605,769
$1,150,151
$1,641,659
$1,283,690
$954,184
$930,090
$202,105
$650,437
$473,256
$83,300
$1,998,300
$798,972
$4,673,772
$3,906,416
$343,964
$2,013,797
$945,260
$598,020
$1,826,879
$193,746
$859,409
$179,516
$1,414,996
$6,464,047
$728,929
$88,225
$1,624,027
$1,361,376
$536,383
$1,153,559
$336,098
$78,390,541
$1,543,661
$342,154
$1,087,207
$915,441
$11,169,670
$765,512
$1,076,131
$212,456
$4,117,296
$2,972,740
$511,556
$348,064
$3,200,025
$1,564,731
$758,712
$795,182
$1,279,424
$1,582,177
$276,690
$1,596,186
$1,214,704
$1,869,659
$1,381,065
$1,018,694
$1,000,998
$209,542
$653,935
$550,169
$137,555
$2,050,400
$847,234
$5,032,313
$4,055,333
$311,678
$2,282,711
$1,105,825
$650,163
$2,108,381
$171,275
$928,624
$196,616
$1,659,586
$6,270,812
$734,890
$94,227
$1,903,978
$1,592,882
$527,396
$1,330,088
$384,795
$75,377,603
$1,685,067
$286,003
$1,196,750
$796,304
$11,036,612
$689,786
$923,951
$233,226
$4,390,185
$2,774,268
$503,627
$375,282
$2,848,130
$1,456,514
$804,449
$788,721
$1,253,992
$1,459,847
$256,024
$1,450,215
$1,256,793
$2,035,388
$1,400,500
$879,466
$978,772
$171,369
$604,026
$593,776
$123,966
$1,973,721
$954,683
$4,568,118
$3,466,353
$215,719
$2,208,184
$1,033,365
$640,984
$2,153,998
$196,361
$1,127,265
$178,778
$1,505,274
$5,709,137
$718,209
$85,923
$1,854,731
$1,631,059
$455,445
$1,170,359
$276,930
-7.5%
-4.7%
3.8%
-25.1%
-1.3%
-13.5%
-15.4%
-12.2%
0.3%
-12.0%
-11.5%
0.2%
-4.1%
12.1%
-1.0%
-2.6%
-7.0%
-3.4%
-18.5%
-2.1%
0.6%
-5.3%
-12.2%
-7.1%
-6.3%
-7.1%
-3.5%
-0.5%
-14.0%
-39.4%
-2.5%
-5.7%
-7.1%
-3.7%
10.4%
-11.8%
-14.5%
-8.0%
-13.4%
13.1%
-7.5%
-8.7%
-14.7%
3.1%
-0.8%
-6.4%
-14.7%
-14.5%
1.7%
-13.3%
-12.7%
-3.8%
-12.7%
24.2%
-31.9%
13.5%
-12.4%
-6.1%
2.2%
-8.6%
-17.5%
-5.1%
1.7%
-11.1%
25.9%
6.4%
-8.1%
-6.2%
-1.5%
-11.6%
5.8%
10.7%
-8.5%
-19.3%
-8.3%
8.5%
-5.0%
17.9%
7.7%
-20.3%
-32.8%
1.2%
-16.3%
2.3%
12.7%
59.5%
-8.8%
-8.5%
-6.7%
-15.2%
-1.3%
-23.8%
0.4%
-6.0%
13.2%
1.5%
2.7%
-12.4%
-16.5%
17.8%
-1.4%
21.4%
Source: Illinois State University, Grapevine Data, Table 1.
13
Trends in Tuition and Fees, Enrollment, and State Appropriations
for Higher Education by State
Table 6: Total Fall Enrollment at Public Degree-Granting Institutions by State, 2000 to 2010, Selected Years
Fall Enrollment at Public Degree-Granting Institutions
State
U.S.
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Percentage Change
2010
2009
2005
2000
1-Year
5-Year
10-Year
15,142,809
267,083
32,303
366,976
155,780
2,223,648
269,407
127,194
40,408
5,840
790,027
436,109
60,090
64,204
585,515
337,705
177,781
185,623
229,725
224,811
51,482
309,779
224,493
562,444
276,176
159,695
256,119
48,261
107,980
113,103
44,072
358,256
150,856
723,500
475,598
48,904
547,551
197,642
208,002
432,889
43,224
205,080
44,569
242,486
1,334,885
178,599
27,524
409,004
330,874
96,104
301,212
36,292
14,810,642
260,277
30,493
350,435
149,474
2,289,470
255,438
123,211
40,428
5,253
759,479
418,037
57,945
63,261
588,741
325,072
170,870
182,736
221,508
215,511
49,668
298,185
218,999
553,022
270,336
155,517
245,568
46,653
104,149
112,397
43,507
348,934
143,101
712,466
470,239
46,727
522,002
189,953
201,246
425,979
43,409
200,204
41,674
231,741
1,258,841
170,921
27,028
401,093
328,391
94,533
295,090
35,682
13,021,834
228,153
28,866
320,865
128,117
2,008,155
234,509
111,705
38,682
5,595
648,999
342,012
50,157
60,303
555,149
267,298
148,907
170,319
201,579
181,043
47,519
256,073
188,295
505,586
240,853
135,896
217,722
42,997
93,181
100,043
41,007
304,315
120,976
626,222
396,755
42,808
453,001
179,225
163,752
380,271
40,008
174,686
37,548
200,394
1,081,335
148,960
24,090
349,195
296,756
85,148
268,928
32,611
11,752,786
207,435
26,559
284,522
101,775
1,927,771
217,897
101,027
34,194
5,499
556,912
271,755
44,579
53,751
534,155
240,023
135,008
159,976
151,973
189,213
40,662
223,797
183,248
467,861
218,617
125,355
201,509
37,387
88,531
83,120
35,870
266,921
101,450
583,417
329,422
36,014
411,161
153,699
154,756
339,229
38,458
155,519
34,857
202,530
896,534
123,046
20,021
313,780
273,928
76,136
249,737
28,715
2.2%
2.6%
5.9%
4.7%
4.2%
-2.9%
5.5%
3.2%
0.0%
11.2%
4.0%
4.3%
3.7%
1.5%
-0.5%
3.9%
4.0%
1.6%
3.7%
4.3%
3.7%
3.9%
2.5%
1.7%
2.2%
2.7%
4.3%
3.4%
3.7%
0.6%
1.3%
2.7%
5.4%
1.5%
1.1%
4.7%
4.9%
4.0%
3.4%
1.6%
-0.4%
2.4%
6.9%
4.6%
6.0%
4.5%
1.8%
2.0%
0.8%
1.7%
2.1%
1.7%
16.3%
17.1%
11.9%
14.4%
21.6%
10.7%
14.9%
13.9%
4.5%
4.4%
21.7%
27.5%
19.8%
6.5%
5.5%
26.3%
19.4%
9.0%
14.0%
24.2%
8.3%
21.0%
19.2%
11.2%
14.7%
17.5%
17.6%
12.2%
15.9%
13.1%
7.5%
17.7%
24.7%
15.5%
19.9%
14.2%
20.9%
10.3%
27.0%
13.8%
8.0%
17.4%
18.7%
21.0%
23.4%
19.9%
14.3%
17.1%
11.5%
12.9%
12.0%
11.3%
28.8%
28.8%
21.6%
29.0%
53.1%
15.3%
23.6%
25.9%
18.2%
6.2%
41.9%
60.5%
34.8%
19.4%
9.6%
40.7%
31.7%
16.0%
51.2%
18.8%
26.6%
38.4%
22.5%
20.2%
26.3%
27.4%
27.1%
29.1%
22.0%
36.1%
22.9%
34.2%
48.7%
24.0%
44.4%
35.8%
33.2%
28.6%
34.4%
27.6%
12.4%
31.9%
27.9%
19.7%
48.9%
45.1%
37.5%
30.3%
20.8%
26.2%
20.6%
26.4%
Source: NCES, Digest of Education Statistics 2011, Table 224; Digest of Education Statistics 2008, Table 215; Digest of Education Statistics 2002, Table 196.
14
POLICY BRIEF I RESEARCH BRIEF I LITERATURE BRIEF I ANALYSIS BRIEF I INSIGHT BRIEF
College Board Advocacy & Policy Center
July 2012
Table 7a: Total Fall Enrollment at Public Two-Year Degree-Granting Institutions by State, 2000 to 2010,
Selected Years
Public Two-Year Fall Enrollment
State
U.S.
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Percentage Change
2010
2009
2005
2000
1-Year
5-Year
10-Year
7,218,038
97,814
836
230,220
61,785
1,582,109
105,513
58,253
15,474
—
126,779
174,543
29,836
14,824
380,500
105,914
106,380
85,298
106,399
79,701
17,838
147,376
104,951
260,710
138,241
82,817
111,528
10,761
49,612
12,587
14,909
180,406
86,958
328,708
253,871
7,011
207,216
72,350
108,884
151,119
17,775
101,880
6,438
97,945
710,864
45,904
6,738
197,004
161,301
22,733
116,044
23,381
7,101,445
93,856
820
218,072
59,569
1,629,609
96,793
55,112
15,681
—
179,631
164,321
28,089
14,678
383,960
99,911
100,635
82,702
100,112
71,150
16,239
140,223
102,321
254,782
134,458
81,798
104,360
11,032
46,707
12,942
13,851
177,173
81,369
317,122
247,917
6,623
196,676
68,323
107,241
147,876
17,760
98,697
6,173
92,226
662,634
47,278
6,299
190,854
157,447
21,728
113,360
23,255
6,184,229
78,401
1,101
200,845
47,771
1,398,758
79,803
46,227
13,978
—
277,446
144,594
22,330
12,014
352,824
59,969
82,118
74,262
84,669
33,514
12,435
119,246
84,209
215,585
110,324
66,298
86,742
9,134
40,220
16,371
13,750
151,885
64,137
271,308
200,507
9,205
173,962
65,617
80,513
124,077
16,042
78,883
5,485
74,829
543,491
35,796
5,515
154,967
190,423
17,807
115,357
19,485
5,697,388
70,443
1,163
178,680
32,549
1,375,900
79,735
40,817
12,019
—
318,723
104,269
23,777
10,096
340,372
50,308
65,746
70,541
48,536
42,220
7,569
103,361
81,224
192,051
102,119
61,361
79,219
5,328
35,681
44,952
10,480
124,585
51,765
247,414
166,661
8,122
157,191
58,182
83,588
99,273
15,583
68,251
4,975
86,041
460,004
27,299
4,412
138,039
181,107
6,169
102,516
16,972
1.6%
4.2%
2.0%
5.6%
3.7%
-2.9%
9.0%
5.7%
-1.3%
N/A
-29.4%
6.2%
6.2%
1.0%
-0.9%
6.0%
5.7%
3.1%
6.3%
12.0%
9.8%
5.1%
2.6%
2.3%
2.8%
1.2%
6.9%
-2.5%
6.2%
-2.7%
7.6%
1.8%
6.9%
3.7%
2.4%
5.9%
5.4%
5.9%
1.5%
2.2%
0.1%
3.2%
4.3%
6.2%
7.3%
-2.9%
7.0%
3.2%
2.4%
4.6%
2.4%
0.5%
16.7%
24.8%
-24.1%
14.6%
29.3%
13.1%
32.2%
26.0%
10.7%
N/A
-54.3%
20.7%
33.6%
23.4%
7.8%
76.6%
29.5%
14.9%
25.7%
137.8%
43.4%
23.6%
24.6%
20.9%
25.3%
24.9%
28.6%
17.8%
23.4%
-23.1%
8.4%
18.8%
35.6%
21.2%
26.6%
-23.8%
19.1%
10.3%
35.2%
21.8%
10.8%
29.2%
17.4%
30.9%
30.8%
28.2%
22.2%
27.1%
-15.3%
27.7%
0.6%
20.0%
26.7%
38.9%
-28.1%
28.8%
89.8%
15.0%
32.3%
42.7%
28.7%
N/A
-60.2%
67.4%
25.5%
46.8%
11.8%
110.5%
61.8%
20.9%
119.2%
88.8%
135.7%
42.6%
29.2%
35.8%
35.4%
35.0%
40.8%
102.0%
39.0%
-72.0%
42.3%
44.8%
68.0%
32.9%
52.3%
-13.7%
31.8%
24.4%
30.3%
52.2%
14.1%
49.3%
29.4%
13.8%
54.5%
68.2%
52.7%
42.7%
-10.9%
268.5%
13.2%
37.8%
Source: NCES, Digest of Education Statistics 2011, Table 224; Digest of Education Statistics 2008, Table 215; Digest of Education Statistics 2002, Table 196.
15
Trends in Tuition and Fees, Enrollment, and State Appropriations
for Higher Education by State
Table 7b: Total Fall Enrollment at Public Four-Year Degree-Granting Institutions by State, 2000 to 2010,
Selected Years
Public Four-Year Fall Enrollment
State
U.S.
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Percentage Change
2010
2009
2005
2000
1-Year
5-Year
10-Year
7,924,771
169,269
31,467
136,756
93,995
641,539
163,894
68,941
24,934
5,840
663,248
261,566
30,254
49,380
205,015
231,791
71,401
100,325
123,326
145,110
33,644
162,403
119,542
301,734
137,935
76,878
144,591
37,500
58,368
100,516
29,163
177,850
63,898
394,792
221,727
41,893
340,335
125,292
99,118
281,770
25,449
103,200
38,131
144,541
624,021
132,695
20,786
212,000
169,573
73,371
185,168
12,911
7,709,197
166,421
29,673
132,363
89,905
659,861
158,645
68,099
24,747
5,253
579,848
253,716
29,856
48,583
204,781
225,161
70,235
100,034
121,396
144,361
33,429
157,962
116,678
298,240
135,878
73,719
141,208
35,621
57,442
99,455
29,656
171,761
61,732
395,344
222,322
40,104
325,326
121,630
94,005
278,103
25,649
101,507
35,501
139,515
596,207
123,643
20,729
210,239
170,944
72,805
181,730
12,427
6,837,605
149,752
27,765
120,020
80,346
609,397
154,706
65,478
24,704
5,595
371,553
197,418
27,827
48,289
202,325
207,329
66,789
96,057
116,910
147,529
35,084
136,827
104,086
290,001
130,529
69,598
130,980
33,863
52,961
83,672
27,257
152,430
56,839
354,914
196,248
33,603
279,039
113,608
83,239
256,194
23,966
95,803
32,063
125,565
537,844
113,164
18,575
194,228
106,333
67,341
153,571
13,126
6,055,398
136,992
25,396
105,842
69,226
551,871
138,162
60,210
22,175
5,499
238,189
167,486
20,802
43,655
193,783
189,715
69,262
89,435
103,437
146,993
33,093
120,436
102,024
275,810
116,498
63,994
122,290
32,059
52,850
38,168
25,390
142,336
49,685
336,003
162,761
27,892
253,970
95,517
71,168
239,956
22,875
87,268
29,882
116,489
436,530
95,747
15,609
175,741
92,821
69,967
147,221
11,743
2.8%
1.7%
6.0%
3.3%
4.5%
-2.8%
3.3%
1.2%
0.8%
11.2%
14.4%
3.1%
1.3%
1.6%
0.1%
2.9%
1.7%
0.3%
1.6%
0.5%
0.6%
2.8%
2.5%
1.2%
1.5%
4.3%
2.4%
5.3%
1.6%
1.1%
-1.7%
3.5%
3.5%
-0.1%
-0.3%
4.5%
4.6%
3.0%
5.4%
1.3%
-0.8%
1.7%
7.4%
3.6%
4.7%
7.3%
0.3%
0.8%
-0.8%
0.8%
1.9%
3.9%
15.9%
13.0%
13.3%
13.9%
17.0%
5.3%
5.9%
5.3%
0.9%
4.4%
78.5%
32.5%
8.7%
2.3%
1.3%
11.8%
6.9%
4.4%
5.5%
-1.6%
-4.1%
18.7%
14.8%
4.0%
5.7%
10.5%
10.4%
10.7%
10.2%
20.1%
7.0%
16.7%
12.4%
11.2%
13.0%
24.7%
22.0%
10.3%
19.1%
10.0%
6.2%
7.7%
18.9%
15.1%
16.0%
17.3%
11.9%
9.2%
59.5%
9.0%
20.6%
-1.6%
30.9%
23.6%
23.9%
29.2%
35.8%
16.2%
18.6%
14.5%
12.4%
6.2%
178.5%
56.2%
45.4%
13.1%
5.8%
22.2%
3.1%
12.2%
19.2%
-1.3%
1.7%
34.8%
17.2%
9.4%
18.4%
20.1%
18.2%
17.0%
10.4%
163.4%
14.9%
25.0%
28.6%
17.5%
36.2%
50.2%
34.0%
31.2%
39.3%
17.4%
11.3%
18.3%
27.6%
24.1%
43.0%
38.6%
33.2%
20.6%
82.7%
4.9%
25.8%
9.9%
Source: NCES, Digest of Education Statistics 2011, Table 224; Digest of Education Statistics 2008, Table 215; Digest of Education Statistics 2002, Table 196.
16
POLICY BRIEF I RESEARCH BRIEF I LITERATURE BRIEF I ANALYSIS BRIEF I INSIGHT BRIEF
About Trends in Higher Education
The Trends series helps answer critical
questions on college affordability. Are
college prices rising at an unprecedented
rate? How much does student financial aid
help students cover the costs of attending
college? The data provided in Trends
and the accompanying commentary can
inform policymakers, researchers, student
advocates, and others in their analyses of
these issues.
http://trends.collegeboard.org
Contact Information for the Authors
Jennifer Ma
jma@collegeboard.org
Sandy Baum
sbaum@skidmore.edu
About the College Board
The College Board is a mission-driven notfor-profit organization that connects students
to college success and opportunity. Founded
in 1900, the College Board was created to
expand access to higher education. Today,
the membership association is made up of
over 6,000 of the world’s leading educational
institutions and is dedicated to promoting
excellence and equity in education. Each
year, the College Board helps more than
seven million students prepare for a
successful transition to college through
programs and services in college readiness
and college success — including the SAT®
and the Advanced Placement Program®.
The organization also serves the education
community through research and advocacy
on behalf of students, educators and schools.
The College Board Advocacy & Policy
Center was established to help transform
education in America. Guided by the College
Board’s principles of excellence and equity in
education, we work to ensure that students
from all backgrounds have the opportunity
to succeed in college and beyond. We make
critical connections between policy, research
and real-world practice to develop innovative
solutions to the most pressing challenges in
education today.
advocacy.collegeboard.org
For further information, visit www.collegeboard.org.
© 2012 The College Board. College Board, Advanced Placement Program, SAT and the acorn logo are
registered trademarks of the College Board. All other products and services may be trademarks of their
respective owners. Visit the College Board on the Web: www.collegeboard.org.
12b-5761