Templates Working Group Summary of key findings Office of Learning and Teaching Background In response to several project initiatives undertaken by the Office of Learning and Teaching in 2012 a working group was established to review Learnline templates. The Templates Working Group was formed with representation from the Office of Learning and Teaching, and university academic staff. The group met fortnightly from August to December and considered input from a range of sources including; Academic research and online resources CDU student SELT data and feedback Blackboard World, 2012 Blackboard’s Learning and Teaching Conference, September, 2012, OLT’s exemplary course rubrics tools and OLT’s 6 Key Principles for Online Teaching. The primary objectives of the template Working Group were defined as; Analyse existing student data in relation to Learnline feedback Identify existing ‘templates’ across the university Agreement on the checklist to be used for assessment of templates Critically analyse the rubric against what students have said to ensure that we are capturing the main concerns Assess the templates against the rubric (pre-teaching checklist) Identify reusable objects/modules of generic content (what do we have? do we need to update/improve it? what else do we need?) Review template themes from Blackboard Service pack update release and decide on which will meet CDU’s needs Group Membership Table 1 - Template Working Group Membership Office of Learning and Teaching Innovative Learning Resource Development Helen Rysavy Learnline Development & Training Bill Searle, Michael Davey, Zac Watt, Holly Burgoyne, Ken Gibson Education & Training Developer (HE) Trevor Billany, Bopelo Boitshwarelo , Alison Reedy – ACIKE Project Template Working Group – Summary of key findings 2012 Page 2 Education & Training Developer (VET) Tony Allan School of Education Amander Dimmock , Laurence Tamatea Faculty of EHSE Paul Irving, Sheryl Maher School of Law & Business Darius Pfitzner HEPPP Project (IntoUni) Julie Esson Background As a starting point it is important to first define a template. Hill, Fresen and Geng (2012) provide a useful definition stating that a ‘‘course template’’ refers to a framework for, or initial state of, a course site, at the point of delivery from the instructional technologist to the instructor. A template is more developed than a blank site that is available in the course platform, but it awaits the teaching and learning content and the body of knowledge that constitutes the core materials and activities in the course. While there is considerable information on course and unit templates in scholarly articles and internet searches, most of these relate to interface elements such as wizards, which guide the creation process. As such this body of knowledge is not particularly helpful to the discussion around the design of templates. However there is a smaller body of work both within the literature and in examples from other institutions which demonstrate a variety of approach on a continuum of driving factors from pedagogical to the more practical. At one end of the spectrum there is a model based upon pedagogical frameworks and theory driving the design and approval of templates while at the other is the more practical or pragmatic approach around consistency, design, layout, and accessibility as the key driver. The argument for pedagogic design as the driving force is strong if there is agreement and support at the highest level for moving an institution to a particular teaching approach. For example, the UNSW has established guides for the creation of online units and have based their guides on constructivism and activity based theory; in this instance they provide 2 templates developed around collaborative learning and problem/project based learning design. UNSW also provides a basic template that is not centred on learning design principles but more focused on unit structure, attributes and design (McAlpine, & Allen 2007). The University of Queensland provides a template that was designed in collaboration with academic staff and implemented in 2010 which incorporates items that are required in order to meet minimum presence requirements. In this example the template provides structure and navigation elements via the unit menu and faculty can customise the template provided they maintain the minimum requirements. (University of Queensland, Blackboard Course Template, 2010). However this would either mean that only a limited number of disciplines or courses would use such templates or if rolled out more broadly would limit the academic/teaching freedom quite considerably. Moving along the spectrum there is more information and agreement around pragmatic approaches which focus on consistency, design, layout and accessibility. Wright (2011) offers a comprehensive list of components, intended for reviewing existing sites, for example accessibility, organisation, layout, instructional strategies, and so on. Wright’s (2011) list of components resonates with the design and pedagogical factors presented by Fresen (2005) who synthesised six categories of factors; institutional, technology, lecturer, student, instructional design and pedagogical that determines the success of the design process which is eventually realised in an online course. Template Working Group – Summary of key findings 2012 Page 3 Jara and Mohamad (2007), present components leading to a list of suggested pedagogical templates for e-learning, which they deem to be models of technology integration. They disclaim comprehensive coverage: ‘‘These templates do not attempt to cover the full range of possibilities nor to consider all variables . . .’’ As such they appear to be overlaying technological aspects to a defined set of approaches. Similarly, Hernandez-Leo, Asensio-Perez and Dimitriadis (2005) propose a structured and scripted method of incorporating collaborative teaching methods into standards-based learning design. Both Brouns et al. (2005) and Hernandez-Leo et al. (2005) provide scenarios for successful re-use of learning designs already known to work and prompting, as the next logical step, the design of practical templates In a course template project at the University of Glamorgan (Woodward, 2010), the first goal was ‘‘To provide students with a consistent, accessible overview within their own modules’’, but the project team recognised that ‘‘academic staff should retain flexibility and choice in how they present the detail of their content, and that the template should facilitate the work of building a module and not restrict it’’. This is a fundamental consideration in deciding on a direction or beginning point on the continuum. CDU currently has no approved pedagogic approach and given the dual sector nature and the extent of disciplines at CDU this in itself would require a massive undertaking with vast implications for online teaching and academic freedom. Additionally, student feedback indicates that they are most concerned with the more pragmatic elements. The SELT data from Semester 1 2012 provides an insight into the experiences of our students studying via Learnline. In considering this data the working group categorised the feedback into four main areas: navigation, difficulty in finding content, consistency of design and Learnline training. The common themes in the feedback were: units needed to be easier to navigate unit navigation and structure needed to be consistent would be helpful if resources were grouped into specific categories clearer instruction for activities, assessment and content be provided options be considered to simplify the layout Student orientation to Learnline The feedback from student evaluations backs the notion of consistency, design, layout and accessibility as key elements of a template which supports the goals of project from University of Glamorgan (Woodward, 2010). In this summary the working group presents how a template can support the development of a unit site by offering components for consideration and modification by individuals. The summary presents a suggested framework however at this stage has not considered the higher level pedagogy for reasons previously stated, but has delivered a navigational framework and structure to support site development. Template Working Group – Summary of key findings 2012 Page 4 Why use a Template? An important consideration in moving forward is to consider the benefits in using a template which will both inform the work in developing the template but also provides a basis for ‘selling’ the concept. In the context of online learning and teaching a template brings a number of benefits; Table 2 - Benefits of templates University Value Lecturer Value Student Value Brand & Theme Rapid editing Consistency Consistency Maximise time & effort Common structure Common content Meet targets Navigation Content management Best practice Unified experience When developing site templates Blackboard (2012) identify five key areas requiring consideration: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Navigation Collaboration Content Assessment Support These five areas also resonate with the literature and as such have been used to guide further analysis and discussion. The following table identifies the elements that align to each of these areas. Table 3 - Five key areas to consider when developing templates Navigation Collaboration Content Assessment Support How to use this unit Unit tour Chronological Discussion Feedback Interaction Thematic Activities Cooperation Community Icons Images Common or generic Call to action File types Standards Objectives Assignment Options Standards Formative / summative Learn more… Contacts & Options System Requirements Add-ons and utilities Template Working Group – Summary of key findings 2012 Page 5 Identify existing Learnline templates: Learnline templates have been provisioned through the Office of Learning and Teaching via the Learnline Development and Training Team and provide an effective method in managing the annual unit copy process and associated unit production cycle. Over time the suite of templates has grown from an initial Higher Education template to more individualised theme/discipline and project related templates with some templates surfacing from faculty and school, currently the suite includes the following; CDU HE Template o Developed by the Office of Learning and Teaching previous manifestation (TLQG). Most commonly used template across Higher Education Units and is used when creating a new unit on Learnline when one has not existed previously. Provides common core content items, reusable items, basic navigation structure and CDU brand elements. ACIKE Template o Developed and approved by the Office of Learning and Teaching during the ACIKE/BIITE project, 2012. Commonly used for all ACIKE units. Provides common core content items, reusable items, navigation structure, framework, guidance for site development and customised styling. Business Template (formally used by Evolve Project) o Developed by the School of Business during the Evolve project, 2011. Commonly used for all Business and Law units. Provides common core content items, navigation structure and companion guidelines for site development. Education Template o Developed by the School of Education, 2012 modelled on the ACIKE/BIITE template. Commonly used for all Education units. Provides common core content items, navigation structure, framework, guidance for site development and customised styling. EIT Template o Developed by School of Engineering and IT in 2009 and redeveloped by LDT in 2012 to address specific formatting issues (HTML issues). Commonly used for all Engineering and IT units. Provides common core content items, reusable items and navigation structure. VET Template (under development) o Currently in draft form, developed by the Office and Learning and Teaching, 2012, VET Development Team. Provides common core content items, navigation structure, framework and guidance for site development. AUR VET Template o Developed by VET Automotive, 2012 to address specific requirements relating to CDX Automotive Online Interactive Program resources. Provides common core content items and navigation structure with embedded content from CDX Automotive. Template Working Group – Summary of key findings 2012 Page 6 Comparing the existing Learnline Templates The table below shows a comparison of the seven templates and demonstrates the differences in approach to navigation, structure and style. It is evident that while there is some consistency demonstrated in the use of common communication tools and determining announcements as the home page there is some disparity surrounding the learning materials items, student grades link and assessment information. Using this information and that garnered from student feedback, the literature sample and other sources has informed the proposed template models presented in this report. Table 4 - Comparison of existing templates Summary of existing reusable objects, generic content Reusable objects are used extensively throughout Learnline and enable common core content items to be populated into Learnline units during the unit copy process. This assists to facilitate rapid editing of the units, provides elements that are common across all units and is managed via the institution Content Collection. As these objects are created as html items it also enables currency of content to be managed in one location and updated across all units if content requires editing or updating. These objects cannot be edited by the lecturer or unit builder. Note: Changes to content in a reusable object will impact content in all units and not from a point in time; subsequently a unit with a reusable object from a previous teaching period will also be affected. This is particularly relevant for legacy units with active student enrolments. Template Working Group – Summary of key findings 2012 Page 7 The table below is a summary of identified and commonly used reusable items. Table 5 - Summary of reusable objects in Learnline Common Learnline Reusable Objects ACIKE Project Reusable Objects Assessment Assessment Submission Safe Assign Submission Instructions (Draft) Safe Assign Submission Instructions (no Draft) Using Safe Assign Examination Information Assessment Rules and Plagiarism Breach of Academic Integrity Tips for taking online quizzes Assessment Assessment Submission Instructions Academic & Assessment Rules Assignment coversheet Content Content E-Reserve Information Study Skills Information Think about your OH&S My Grades Census dates Information SELTS Information Faculty Learning and Teaching Committee student representation Graduate Attributes generic information Support Template Working Group – Summary of key findings 2012 Academic Language and Learning Success Program ACIKE LibGuide acike-unit-tour-YouTube Consent Forms Continuous Feedback Continuous Feedback Form Copyright, Privacy & CDU Disclaimer Copyright Regulations 1969 - Part VB Feedback Library Services My Grades Need Help Netiquette Office of Indigenous Academic Support olt_talent_release_sept2012 Online classroom help PTS Assessment Requirements Referencing requirements Resources for developing and maintaining ACIKE Learnline units Search CDU books, eBooks, Journals and Databases via Summon Search eReserve Page 8 Summary of Generic Content items in Learnline Templates Common core content items are those items that have been copied from a previous unit offering or existing template and have not been created as a reusable item. They contain specific content that can be contextualised to the individual unit and edited by the lecturer or unit builder. The following items have been identified. Printable Unit Information generic information Copyright, Privacy and CDU Disclaimer CDU Library Online Tutorials Review of Unit Themes available through Service Pack enhancements Recent releases of Blackboard Learn present a range of theme and style options that allows for deeper customisation of units and includes the ability to modify look and feel, colour scheme and apply teaching styles and design themes. This feature enables optional content examples created in the unit, alters the unit menu structure, applies a background image, modification of colour and controls the structure of the unit. Applying the themes/styles however does not replace existing unit items or content, as the new structure and style is added and the look and feel changed instantly. Innocently the themes can be applied at any stage during unit development or indeed at any time once deployed, correspondingly the change is instant and immediate altering the entire unit. Currently, there is no option to develop a unique unit theme/style and then select that option to apply, consequently enabling this feature would alter any CDU brand elements employed in unit templates and create additional requirements to modify edit and contextualise the added elements. Blackboard offers five unit theme/styles categories; some based upon teaching styles others around systems and content. 1. Focus on Activity 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Activity Case Study Conference Session Constructivism Expedition-Based Experiential Learning Project Format 2. Focus on Communication 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Cooperative Learning Guided Discussion Social Learning Web 2.0 3. Focus on Content 3.1 3.2 By Chapter By Lecture Template Working Group – Summary of key findings 2012 Page 9 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 By Lesson By Module By Subject By Topic By Unit Science Focused Traditional 4. Focus on Systems 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 ANGEL Blackboard Classic Blackboard Learn-Default CourseInfo eCollegial Open Source 1 Open Source 2 WebCT 1 WebCT 2 5. Focus on Time 5.1 5.2 Daily Weekly Template Group Outputs Overview 1. Objective a. Determine to develop two1 templates (one for HE and one for VET) with multiple aspects of variability. TWG understands that more than two templates will emerge2 producing an outcome that aligns with original intent of 5-8 templates. 2. Description of what CDU’s template should look like: a. Templates will contain a shell3 that is to provide consistency in navigation, location of information common to multiple units, site appearance and feel. b. The shell will include: i. Specified headings, sub-headings and the order of these headings that are to be contained in the left side menu ii. Guidance as to the information is expected to be contained under each heading iii. Corporate Branding iv. Guidance in areas of site design such as linking information that may have otherwise been repeated under multiple headings within a site. 1 Reference: Minutes 26 Sept. 2 A limiting criterion for allowing emergence of new templates is that there must be consistency across a school to ensure students following any particular pathway experience consistency and familiarity regarding all their Learnline sites. 3 Terminology: The Shell is the compulsory component of the template containing minimum standards. Template Working Group – Summary of key findings 2012 Page 10 c. Options that enable consistency to the student as well as flexibility in learning design. For example the landing /home page can be: i. An announcements page ii. Dashboard page (designed according to guidelines) 3. Implementation: a. Template development and build, May – June 2013 b. Consultation and feedback, June – July2013 c. Companion guidelines developed to support unit development using a standard template, S1-S2 2013 d. Professional Development required to implement change and introduce the effective use of the new templates, S2 2013 e. Recommended implementation, SS, 2013 4. Alignment: Charles Darwin University Strategic Plan 2012 – 2014 1.1 Identify factors that affect student success, and target support and other programs towards those factors. 1.4 Provide high-quality student support and best practice, contemporary learning environments, both on and off campus, which enhance students’ educational experience. 1.6 Facilitate and support faculty-led innovative approaches that best meet the University’s learning, teaching and training challenges. Charles Darwin University, Learning and Teaching Plan 2012-14 Objective 4; Improving Learnline, Objective 4.4. 5. Consideration was given to other complementary initiatives such as: i. Alignment to 6 Key Principles for Online Teaching developed by the Office of Learning and Teaching; 1. Structured Learning 2. Active Learning 3. Teacher Presence 4. Collaboration 5. Feedback 6. Inclusiveness ii. Evaluating Exemplary Learnline Units: Rubric, Review Tool and Summary Sheet iii. Learnline Development and Training Unit Readiness Assessment Criteria (under development) iv. Usability, Accessibility and Copyright for files in Learnline, a best practice guide Template Working Group – Summary of key findings 2012 Page 11 Template Group Outputs Agreement on the checklist to be used for assessment of templates Critically analyse the rubric against what students have said to ensure that we are capturing the main concerns Assess the templates against the rubric (pre-teaching checklist) Running in parallel to the work of the Template Working Group was a number of projects that impacted the decision to reach agreement on a suitable checklist for the assessment of the proposed templates. This includes the complimentary activities identified in section 4 in the Group Outputs Overview above. At this stage the group made a decision to focus on the template structure and design and integrate elements aligned to the 6 Key Principles for Online Teaching developed by the Office of Learning and Teaching. This is yet to be tested and evaluated and is part of the summary of actions that conclude this report. At this point further consideration will also need to be given to integrate learning and teaching styles or pedagogical approaches into the template design. It is anticipated that moving the template in this direction will also require more thorough development work and wide consultation to ensure that such an approach does not dictate but rather supports the development of sites. As a result, the working group resolved to focus the output on developing a standard unit navigation structure, a framework for design, identifying common core content items and conforming to CDU brand. The group determined that the key areas of unit navigation be grouped by specified top level menu item headings and sub headings and ordered in such a way to assist commonality and present consistency across the templates. An overview of the proposed navigation structure and menu content items for Higher Education and VET are shown in the tables below. The Learning Materials menu item sub headings was identified as the common navigation item whereby faculties, schools and coordinators had some licence to determine the structure. The rationale to this conclusion is that each faculty, school theme and coordinator approaches the delivery structure of Learning Materials differently. The working group identified that Learning Materials are presented in Learnline by; activities, projects, tasks, weeks, modules, subjects, folders and topics. In considering Mobile Learnline (Blackboard Mobile) the working group determined that mobile best practice options are promoted and supported by the Office of Learning and Teaching to facilitate mobile access to units. Mobile best practice will need further consideration when developing companion guidelines to support unit development. This view is also backed up by the notion of not presenting too many template options and to enable efficient management of the biannual unit copy process. Template Working Group – Summary of key findings 2012 Page 12 Proposed Template HE Unit Navigation Structure Table 6 - Proposed Higher Education Navigational Structure Unit Menu Item Related Content Landing Page (Unit Home Page) Announcement Page Unit Dashboard (What’s New, To Do) Unit information/Unit outline Set Text Study Plan Staff Contacts Unit Tour Copyright statement OH&S The home page is the entry point to the unit and consists of either unit announcements or the unit dashboard. The Unit Announcements entry point is the minimum requirement with dashboard considered as an alternative option. The dashboard option contains modules to help students keep up to date in the unit. Links to any unit announcements and new content and posts are displayed via My Announcements, What’s New and To Do modules. About this unit This area is for lecturers to add unit outline or unit information. A staff contacts link with contact details should be added here. Additional content options include a unit tour (how to use this unit) and information regarding copyright and OH&S. Assessment Information and links to all the unit assessment items can be provided here. Include assessment overview, assessment items and submission points, links to relevant instruction and guidelines and CDU Assessment rules and related Governance policy. Template Working Group – Summary of key findings 2012 Assessment Overview Assessment Rules and Plagiarism Breach of Academic Integrity Relevant CDU Governance links Assessment Submission Using Safe Assign Safe Assign Submission Instructions (Draft) Safe Assign Submission Instructions (no Draft) Examination Information Cover sheet and instructions Page 13 Learning materials This area contains instructions and tools that guide the students through what they have to do in the unit. It could be structured by weeks, subjects or activities, as a set of topics, or simply as a folder where all activities can be accessed in one place. This should contain links to relevant content items as well as tools – e.g. discussions, quizzes and assignments in context with the learning materials. Learning with others This area is all about opportunities for student interaction, collaboration and communication. It would identify the nominated tools, provide instruction and contain links to the relevant tools using the Unit Tool Link option. Tools not being used should be hidden from student view. Resources Academic Study Skills support Relevant links, external websites in context to the unit of study Relevant Learnline Community sites Relevant Legislation This area provides help and support services to the student and includes links to relevant support services offered by CDU. At a minimum it should Template Working Group – Summary of key findings 2012 Links to communication and collaboration tools o Blogs o Wikis o Journals o Online Classroom o Groups o Discussion Board Any activity that enables student to student interaction Unit Tools link Hide Tools not being used in the unit Groups all resources that relevant to units (student My Learning) CDU Library eReserve information and links eReadings (Journals, articles etc...) Referencing and citations o Useful resources contain information that is additional to the material in the ‘Learning Materials’ area can be added here e.g. Library, web links, glossary, reference documents. Help & Support Contains links via Unit navigation to tasks, activities and materials. Structure is to be determined by theme / school and coordinator. Possible options include: Weeks / Subjects / Activities / Modules / Folders / Topics Learning materials contain links to relevant tools activities and resources in context with the content item. (E.G. Link directly to the Discussion Board to post a related post to the content item) Student focused and related support services at CDU Learnline Support resources and guides 24 HR Student Support information Page 14 include Learnline support and CDU IT support options. Student counselling options and information CDU Student Services ITMS Student Services Relevant Policies and Procedures Proposed Template Unit Navigation Structure (for VET) Table 7 - Proposed navigation structure VET Unit Menu Item Landing Page (Unit Home Page) About this unit Related Content Announcement Page Unit Dashboard (What’s New, What’s due) Staff Contacts Unit Outline (Attach Printable format in approved format) Under Unit outline the following can also be displayed as items in the order provided (Optional as all are to be in attached printable format and items present an opportunity to emphasise what is important): o RPL information for students o Elements of the unit (Learning Outcomes) o Employability Skills incorporated in this unit (optional at this stage) o Delivery Plan in a table format with columns titled with the following: Session date and time Learning Activity Resources required by students Assessment Tasks (Schedule) o Assessment (which links to Assessment Outline subheading in Assessment section) OH & S Copyright, Privacy and CDU Disclaimer Template Working Group – Summary of key findings 2012 Page 15 Unit Tour Assessment Learning materials Template Working Group – Summary of key findings 2012 How to navigate o Brief statement, video or slide presentation outlining the unit E.G When you log into this unit your home page will be XXXXX. To navigate back to the home page at any time click the home icon in the unit menu. Overview of the unit structure o This unit is delivered by sessions or otherwise o Narrative of unit layout and what is expected of the student, in terms Where to find Help & Support Link in the unit menu Student autonomy Timeline and submission benchmarks When to contact lecturer and links / guidance to lecturer contact details Assessment Overview in a table format with columns titled with the following: Assessment Task Instructions Resources required by students Due Date Assessment submission process Using Safe Assign: Submission Instructions (If appropriate) Safe Assign Submission Instructions (no Draft) Cover sheet link and instructions (If appropriate) Plagiarism Breach of Academic Integrity Relevant CDU Governance links Minimum standard is to present learning materials in sessions. The structure of which should provide the following: Topic of the session Overview of the activities to be done in Page 16 Learning with others Resources Template Working Group – Summary of key findings 2012 the session (set expectations) Outline of what elements will be covered in the session Content o The rest will vary depending on the design of the unit. Typically they will contain information content, graphics, links via unit navigation to tasks, activities and/or materials. Structure is to be determined by team leader, EPM and TPWG chair. o Learning materials contain links to relevant tools activities and resources in context with the content item. (E.G. Links directly to the Discussion Board to post a related post to the content item) o Third party SCORM packages are imported to here. Links to communication and collaboration tools o Blogs o Wikis o Journals o Online Classroom o Groups o Discussion Board Any activity that enables student to student interaction Unit Tools link Hide Tools not being used in the unit Groups all resources that relevant to units (student My Learning) o Legislation o Relevant links, external websites in context to the unit of study o Relevant Community sites o eReserve Information and links (If appropriate) o eReadings and text books Page 17 o o o Help & Support (Journals, articles etc..) (If appropriate) Academic Study Skills support (If appropriate) Referencing and citations (If appropriate) Instructions on how to write a CV and a cover letter Student focused and related support services at CDU o Learnline Support resources and guides o 24 HR Student Support information o Student counselling options and information o CDU Student Services (Enrolment Help and Equity) o ITMS Student Services o Library contact details o Relevant Policies and Procedures Summary of actions Table 8 - Summary of follow-up actions Action Timeframe Who 1. Re-convene TWG May – Sept OLT 2. Development of 2 templates “proof of concept” VET and HE May – June VET Ed Development Team HE Ed Development Team LL Development & Training Team 3. Template Working Group to review and refine provide feedback May - June TWG 4. Review modify & edit reusable items and agree on suite of objects June VET Ed Development Team HE Ed Development Team LL Development & Training Team 5. Review & consultation with faculties and schools May– August TWG 6.Fine tune templates to August – Sept VET Ed Development Team Template Working Group – Summary of key findings 2012 Page 18 incorporate feedback HE Ed Development Team LL Development & Training Team 7. Develop companion guidelines, including mobile best practice. June– Sept VET Ed Development Team HE Ed Development Team LL Development & Training Team 8. Present template options to academic community through forums Sept VET Ed Development Team HE Ed Development Team LL Development & Training Team 9. Review and assess templates against approved readiness assessment criteria May - Sept VET Ed Development Team HE Ed Development Team LL Development & Training Team 10.Pilot approved templates Summer Semester 2013 Nov – Feb 2014 VET Ed Development Team HE Ed Development Team LL Development & Training Team Template Working Group – Summary of key findings 2012 Page 19 Sample Template Unit Navigation Structure Unit Home Top level Navigation Divider Sub navigation grouped by common items Template Working Group – Summary of key findings 2012 Page 20 References: Blackboard (2013) The Official Blackboard Help Site - Blackboard Learn 9.1 SP10 Course Options, Using Course Structures Charles Darwin University (2012) CDU Student Experience of Learning and Teaching (SELT) Semester 1, 2012. Hill, R., Fresen, J & Geng, F. (2012) ‘Derivation of electronic course templates for use in higher education’, Research in Learning Technology, The Journal of the Association for Learning Technology (ALT) Volume 20 McAlpine, I. & Allen, B. (2007). ‘Designing for active learning online with learning design templates’. In ICT: Providing choices for learners and learning. Proceedings ascilite Singapore 2007 The University of Queensland (2010) The University of Queensland, Blackboard Course template available online at: (http://www.elearning.uq.edu.au/node/307) Webber, C. (2012) Using Templates to Improve Course Design, presented at Blackboard World Conference 2012, New Orleans. Template Working Group – Summary of key findings 2012 Page 21