Name: ___________________________________________________
Biology G
Chapter 17 “Organizing Life’s Diversity”
Vocabulary Section 17.1
Binomial
Nomenclature
Class
Classification
Division
Family
Genus
Kingdom
Order
Phylum
Specific Epithet
Taxonomy
1
Period: _______
Vocabulary Section 17.2
Cladistics
Cladogram
Eubacteria
Fungus
Phylogeny
Protist
2
Section 17.1 – Classification
Directions: Use the pictures below to answer the questions about grouping and classifying.
D
1. Separate the items into two groups. Put the letters of the items in the proper section of the chart.
Items for feet
Items held in hands
2. Regroup the items using the chart below.
Used only outdoors
Used only indoors
Used indoors or outdoors
3. Which of the two ways of grouping these items might be used by a sporting goods store? _________
4. A certain student grouped the items as follows:
Group 1
D, N
Group 2
A, B, C, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M
a. What trait was used for Group 1? _____________________________________
b. What trait was used for Group 2? _____________________________________
5. Group the items again using a set of traits that has not been used. Write the traits on the lines.
Trait: ______________________ Trait ______________________ Trait ______________________
Directions: Use the diagram below about scientific and common names.
Common name:
Scientific name:
coyote
Canis latrans
wolf
Canis Lupus
dog
Canis familiaris
7. These animals share the same __________________ part of their scientific name.
8. Which scientific name is written incorrectly? ___________________________________
9. In the scientific name for the dog, familiaris is the _____________________ part of the name.
3
Section 17.1 – Classification
Directions: If the statement is true, write true. If it is false, rewrite the italicized part to make it true.
10. _____ The scientific name of a species consists of a family name and a descriptive species name.
11. _____ The scientific name of modern humans is Homo sapiens.
12. _____ Latin is the language of scientific names.
13. _____ The scientific names can be misleading.
14. _____ A phylum is related to a class as a family is related to an order.
15. _____ In the scientific name of the white oak, Quercus alba, Quercus is the species name.
16. _____ The greater the number of taxa two organisms have in common, the more closely related they
are.
Directions: Examine the table showing classification of four organisms. Answer the questions below.
Taxon
Green Frog
Mountain Lion
Domestic Dog
Human
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Ranidae
Rana
Rana clamitans
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Felis
Felis concolor
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Canis familiaris
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primates
Hominidae
Homo
Homo sapiens
1. Which taxon is the most specific? _____________________________
2. Which taxon is the broadest (largest)? ____________________________
3. Which taxon includes more species, an order or a family? _________________________
4. Which taxon includes only organisms that can successfully interbreed? _______________________
5. If two organisms belong to the same family, list the other taxonomic groups that the organisms have
in common.
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. Which two organisms in the chart are most closely related? List the taxonomic groups that they have
in common.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
7. To which taxa do all four organisms belong? ____________________________________________
8. What is the order, family, and genus of a human? ________________________________________
9. Using the information in the chart, how would you classify an organism with the scientific name
Rana temporaria? What type of organism is it?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
4
Section 17.2 – The Six Kingdoms
Directions: Complete the table below using your textbook or notes from section 17.2.
Evolutionary relationship
Information
Structural similarities
Breeding behavior
Geographical distribution
Chromosome comparisons
Biochemistry
Directions: Use the cladogram to answer the questions below.
1. What five probable ancestors of the modern bird (robin) are shown in the cladogam?
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. Which dinosaur is probably the most recent common ancestor of Velociraptor and Archaeopteryx?
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. Which traits shown on the cladogram are shared by the Archaeopteryx and robin?
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. Which traits shown on the cladogram are shared by the Allosaurus and Velociraptor?
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. Which traits shown on the cladogram are shared by the Sinornis and robin?
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. A fossil was found of a dinosaur that had hollow light bones, 3 toed foot, and a wishbone. Which
organism could the fossil possibly be?
______________________________
5
Section 17.2 – The Six Kingdoms
Directions: Read the passage below, which covers topics from your textbook. Answer the questions.
One relatively new system of phylogenetic classification is called cladistics. Cladistics uses certain
features of organisms, called shared derived characteristics, to establish evolutionary relationships. A
derived character is a feature that apparently evolved only within the group under consideration. For
example, if the group being considered is birds, one example of a derived characteristic is feathers.
Most animals do not have feathers; birds are the only animals that do. Therefore, it is safe to assume
that feathers evolved within the bird group and were not inherited from some distant ancestor of the
birds.
Cladistic taxonomists agree that organisms that share a derived character – like feathers – probably
share it because they inherited it from a common ancestor. So shared derived characters, particularly a
group of several shared derived characters, are strong evidence of common ancestry between
organisms that share them. Ancestry diagrams made by means of cladistic analysis are called
cladograms.
1. What is the main idea of the passage?
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. What derived character is identified in the passage? __________________________________
3. As a number of shared derived characters between two organisms increases, the more or less
chance of a common ancestry. (circle the correct answer)
Directions: Examine the table below, then answer the questions that follow.
Kingdom
Six Kingdoms of Life
Cell type
Number of cells
Nutrition - Energy
Archaebacteria
Prokaryote
Unicellular
Autotroph and
heterotroph
Eubacteria
Prokaryote
Unicellular
Autotroph and
heterotroph
Protista
Eukaryote
Unicellular and
multicellular
Autotroph and
heterotroph
Fungi
Eukaryote
Unicellular and
multicellular
Heterotroph
Plantae
Eukaryote
Multicellular
Autotroph and rarely
heterotroph
Animalia
Eukaryote
Multicellular
Heterotroph
1. For which two kingdoms are all column entries exactly the same?
___________________________________________________
2. What is the only difference in the column entries for kingdoms Fungi and Animalia?
___________________________________________________
3. Which kingdoms are made up of cells with no true nucleus?
_______________________________________________________________
6
Chapter 17 Graphing and Applying Scientific Methods
Graphing: Directions: Using the TASTE method, make a bar graph for the number of species vs.
Kingdoms.
Kingdom
Number of Species
Archaebacteria
800
Eubacteria
5,000
Protista
150,000
Fungi
80,000
Plantae
275,000
Animalia
1,000,000
Scientific Methods: Is the Red Wolf a separate species?
The work of taxonomists results in changing views of species. This is due to both the discovery of new
species and the development of new techniques for studying classification.
Background Information:
1. The red wolf (Canis rufus) can breed and produce offspring with both the coyote (Canis latrans) and
the gray wolf (Canis lupus). Despite this fact, the three animals have been classified as separate
species.
2. A biologist measured their skills and concluded that in size and structure, the red wolf’s measurements
fell midway between the coyote and gray wolf.
3. Based on these data, the biologist concluded that they are separate species.
4. Geneticists, attempting to determine if the three animal types were separate species, found that the
nucleotide sequences from the red wolf’s DNA were not distinctively different from those of coyotes or
gray wolves.
5. The geneticists concluded that the red wolf is a hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote.
Questions:
1. What type of evidence was the biologist using in #2?
a. Genetic (chromosomes and DNA)
b. Structure and physical characteristics
c. Breeding behavior
d. Geographical location
2. What type of evidence was the geneticist using in #4?
a. Genetic (chromosomes and DNA)
b. Structure and physical characteristics
c. Breeding behavior
d. Geographical location
3. A hybrid is the offspring of two species. Which piece of background information, besides #4 and #5,
supports hybrid evidence? __________
4. If you supported the biologists work, how would you classify the coyotes, gray wolf, and red wolf?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. If you supported the geneticists work, how would you classify the coyotes, gray wolf, and red wolf?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
6. If the red wolf can breed and produce offspring with the coyote, then the red wolf and the coyote
must be the same species. This is an example of which part of the scientific method
a. Theory
c. Hypothesis
b. Independent variable
d. Conclusion
7
Chapter 17 Assessment
Directions: The table below shows the complete classification of several species of animals. Use the
table to answer the questions that follow.
Organism
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
House cat
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Felis
domesticus
Red fox
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Vulpes
fulva
Dog
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
familiaris
Wolf
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
lupus
Gopher
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Geomyidae
Thomomys
bottae
Fly
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Muscidae
Musca
domestica
1. What kind of animal is Vulpes velox? How do you know? __________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the complete taxonomic classification (kingdom to species) of Vulpes velox?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
3. Which two animals are most closely related? ____________________________________________
4. Why did you choose these two? ______________________________________________________
5. At which taxonomic category do gophers and house cats first diverge (differ)? __________________
6. Is the dog more closely related to the red fox or the house cat? Why?
________________________________________________________________________________
Directions: Use the fan
diagram to answer the
questions below.
1. Which kingdom has the
greatest number of
species?
___________________
2. Which kingdom evolved
first?
____________________
3. Which group of animals
were the first to evolve?
____________________
____________________
8
Chapter 17 Assessment
Directions: Using the information below, tell how you would decide into what kingdom each organism
described below fits.
Organism A: You are looking at a drip of pond water through a microscope. You discover something
you have never seen before. It does not swim around. It is made up of a green cell. Each cell is shaped
like a shoebox, and has a large nucleus.
Organism B: You are walking along a beach looking into the water. In the water you find a soft
organism that looks like a thick pink flower. It is about 3 cm high. The bottom part is a cylinder. As you
watch, a small fish swims toward the opening in the top of the organism. The flowerlike parts catch the
fish and slowly push it into the opening.
Organism C: You look at a large bush in the schoolyard. You know that it has been growing in the same
place for more than a year. It has green leaves.
1. What traits would help you classify these organisms? ___________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Fill out the table with characteristics for each kingdom that contains eukaryotes.
3. In what kingdom would you classify Organism A? ________________________________________
4. In what kingdom would you classify Organism B? ________________________________________
5. In what kingdom would you classify Organism C? ________________________________________
Directions: Study the lettered diagrams below. One the line, write the letter or letters that answer the
questions.
_________ 6. If the above objects were divided into groups based on whether they were living or
nonliving, which would be placed in the living group?
_________ 7. Which objects would be placed in the nonliving group?
_________ 8. The nonliving group could be divided into two groups based on
a. size
b. wood and metal
c. both a and b
d. neither a or b
_________ 9. The living group could be divided into two groups based on
a. legs and no legs b. animal and plant c. long and short hair d. eyes and no eyes
_________10. The living group could be divided further into
a. shell and no shell b. tail and no tail
c. feet and no feet
9
d. hair and no hair
Chapter 17 Assessment
Directions: Match the definitions in Column A with the word in Column B.
Column A
Column B
______ 1. Grouping objects or information based on similarities
a. Aristotle
______ 2. Naming system that gives each organism a two- word
name
______ 3. Developed the first system of classification
b. Linnaeus
______ 4. Branch of Biology that groups and names organisms
d. classification
______ 5. Designed a 2-word naming system of classifying
organisms based on similarities
e. taxonomy
c. genus
f. binomial nomenclature
______ 6. Consists of a group of similar species
Directions: Match the vocabulary term with the definition.
Kingdom
Order
Phylum
Family
Class
__________________________ 7. group of related phyla.
Genus
Species
__________________________ 8. group of related orders.
__________________________ 9. group of related genera.
__________________________10. group of related species.
__________________________11. group of related classes.
__________________________12. group of related families.
__________________________13. group that can interbreed and produce offspring.
Directions: Circle the letter that bests completes the statement.
14. A heterotrophic eukaryote that absorbs nutrients from materials in the environment.
a. Bacteria
b. Fungus
c. Animal
d. Plant
15. Prokaryote that live in extreme and harsh environments are
a. Protists
b. Animals
c. Archaebacteria
d. Fungi
16. Escherichia coli, a type of bacterium that lives in the small intestine is classified in the Kingdom
a. Protista
b. Eubacteria
c. Animalia
d. Fungi
17. A butterfly feeds on insects and is made of many cells. It would be classified in the Kingdom
a. Protista
b. Eubacteria
c. Animalia
d. Fungi
10