Daily Grammar Chants
for
Beginning and Intermediate Students
of
Attic Greek
by
Rusticus Caementarius
MMVII
Teacher of the Latin and Greek Languages
Albioni Schola
To be practiced orally every day
until completely memorized.
C:\Users\Rusty\Documents\Projects\Other Projects - Greek\Daily Greek Chants (8.5x11) - 2012-06-17.doc
Created by Rusty Mason
Page 1 of 21
Printed: Printed: 6/17/2012 10:27:30 AM
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................................................. 2
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................................. 3
ALPHABET ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
BREATHINGS, SYLLABLES, ACCENT, ELISION, PUNCTUATION ..................................................................................... 4
VOWEL CONTRACTIONS ................................................................................................................................................................ 5
CONSONANT CHANGES .................................................................................................................................................................. 5
GRAMMAR BASICS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 6
INTRODUCTION TO NOUNS AND DECLENSIONS ................................................................................................................. 6
NOUN ENDINGS ................................................................................................................................................................................. 6
1st , 2nd , & 3rd DECLENSION ENDINGS ...................................................................................................................................... 7
3rd DECLENSION PARADIGMS ...................................................................................................................................................... 8
PRONOUNS .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
ADJECTIVES .......................................................................................................................................................................................12
NUMERALS ........................................................................................................................................................................................13
VERB BASICS .....................................................................................................................................................................................13
PARTICIPLES.....................................................................................................................................................................................15
Ω-VERB CONNECTING VOWELS WITH ENDINGS ..............................................................................................................16
VERB ENDING TYPES ....................................................................................................................................................................18
ΜΙ - VERBS .........................................................................................................................................................................................18
ADVERBS ............................................................................................................................................................................................20
SYNTAX - NOUNS .............................................................................................................................................................................21
C:\Users\Rusty\Documents\Projects\Other Projects - Greek\Daily Greek Chants (8.5x11) - 2012-06-17.doc
Created by Rusty Mason
Page 2 of 21
Printed: Printed: 6/17/2012 10:27:30 AM
INTRODUCTION
“Personally I believe the pupil should first address himself to the forms, and devote himself to
nothing else until they are completely mastered.”
– Charles E. Bennett & George P. Bristol, The Teaching of Latin and Greek in the Secondary School. (New York: Longmans, 1911), 65.
This set of chants is not intented to teach, but to help the student gain a firmer grounding in basic grammar. It
is to serve as an aid to memory, merely a supplement to a regular Attic Greek course, that the student might
instantly recall the forms and basic grammar rules. Knowing that the complexity of Greek grammar has been a
great discouragement to many students, I have endeavored to make this collection of chants as concise as
possible, eliminating duplications, simplifying some rules and combining others, and listing only those
fundamental items which students have difficulty mastering.1
These sheets are intended to be memorized and recited exactly. Students should practice several pages every
day until all the paradigms and rules have been completely mastered, then once a week thereafter. The teacher
should lead the chanting to ensure proper pronunciation and uniformity.
On Pronouncing Characters and Symbols
You may pronounce the Greek characters by saying their names (alpha, beta, gamma, &c.), their English/Latin
names, their sounds, or a combination thereof. The  symbol is “becomes” or “makes,” as you like, but be
everywhere consistent. Find a pronunciation and set of rules you like and stick to them.
I recommend that you read the paradigms for nouns and pronouns from top to bottom (masculine first, then
feminine, then the neuter), and adjectives from left to right (nominative masculine, feminine, neuter, genitive
masculine, feminine, neuter, et cetera.). The verbs may be read by tense or mood, as is appropriate for your
course of study.
Reference Grammars and Beginner Texts
Numbers next to the following abbreviations refer to the page.
H.
C.
G.
Hanson and Quinn, Greek, An Intensive Course. New York: Fordham University Press, 1992.
Chase and Phillips, Introduction to Greek. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1961.
Geannikis, Romiti, & Wilford, Greek Paradigm Handbook. Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008.
Numbers next to the following abbreviations refer to the section.
S.
J.
W.
P.
Herbert Weir Smyth, Greek Grammar for Colleges. Harvard University Press; Revised, 1956.
John Williams White, First Greek Book. Boston: Ginn and Company, 1896.
William W. Goodwin, A Greek Grammar, New Edition. London: MacMillan, 1894; Reprinted 1983.
Tufts University, Perseus Greek Word Study Tool, online.
Note 1: Though I have simplified and combined some paradigms and rules, many are taken from the sources listed here without alteration.
C:\Users\Rusty\Documents\Projects\Other Projects - Greek\Daily Greek Chants (8.5x11) - 2012-06-17.doc
Created by Rusty Mason
Page 3 of 21
Printed: Printed: 6/17/2012 10:27:30 AM
ALPHABET
Alpha (Αα), beta (Ββ), gamma (Γγ), delta (Δδ), epsilon (Εε), zeta (Ζζ), eta (Ηη), theta (Θθ), iota (Ιι), kappa
(Κκ), lambda (Λλ), mu (Μμ), nu (Νμ), ksi (Ξν), omicron (Οξ), pi (Πο), rho (Ρπ), sigma (΢ςρ), tau (Σσ), upsilon
(Ττ), phi (Υυ), chi (Φφ), psi (Χχ), omega (Ψψ).
vowels
α, ε, η, ι, ξ, τ, ψ
eight regular diphthongs
consonants
short vowels
α, ε, ι, ξ, τ
αι, ατ, ει, ετ, ητ, ξι, ξτ, τι
three double consonants: ζ, ν, χ
long vowels
ᾱ, η, ῑ, ψ, ῡ
three improper diphthongs
ᾳ, ῃ, ῳ
six semivowels: γ-nasal; liquids λ, μ, μ, π; sibilant ς
mutes
classes (cognate)
Labial
or ο-mutes
Palatal
or κ-mutes
Dental, Lingual, or σ-mutes
orders (coordinate)
ο β υ
κ γ φ
σ δ θ
Smooth:
Middle:
Rough:
ο κ σ
β γ δ
υ φ θ
BREATHINGS, SYLLABLES, ACCENT, ELISION, PUNCTUATION
breathings
All words beginning with a vowel have a smooth (ἀ) or rough (ἁ) breathing mark. Words
beginning with π have a rough breathing (ῥ).
Diphthongs and long vowels are pronounced twice as long as short vowels and are counted as
long for accenting. However, final αι and ξι are usually short, except in the optative mood.
syllables
A Greek word has as many syllables as it has vowels or diphthongs. A syllable is long by nature when it
contains a long vowel or diphthong. The last three syllables of a word are called the antepenult, penult, and
ultima.
accents


The three accents, acute (ά), circumflex (ᾶ), and grave (ὰ), stand over a vowel in a syllable.
The acute can stand on any of the three, the circumflex on a long penult or long ultima, and the grave on
the ultima.
general accent rules







An accent on a noun is persistent; it tries to stay where it began in the nominative case.
An accent on a verb is recessive; it tries to move away from the ultima toward the antepenult.
An acute on the antepenult moves to the penult when the ultima becomes long.
An acute on the ultima changes to a grave when immediately followed by another word.
When the ultima is short, an accented long penult must be a circumflex.
When the ultima is long, an accented long penult must be an acute.
An accented and contracted syllable receives the circumflex
proclitics and enclitics
A proclitic is an unaccented monosyllabic word that is closely attached to the following word.
An enclitic is a word that loses its own accent and is pronounced as if it were a part of the preceeding word.
C:\Users\Rusty\Documents\Projects\Other Projects - Greek\Daily Greek Chants (8.5x11) - 2012-06-17.doc
Created by Rusty Mason
Page 4 of 21
Printed: Printed: 6/17/2012 10:27:30 AM
punctuation, elision, and nu-movable



Greek comma (,) period (.) colon or semicolon (·) question mark (;)
Elision is when a short final vowel is dropped before a word beginning with a vowel and is replaced by an
apostrophe.
μ-movable is appended to third person singular verbs ending in ε and to words ending in ςι. It is added at
the end of a sentence or before a word beginning with a vowel.
VOWEL CHANGES
(left column + top row = contraction, e.g., α + ε = ᾱ)
W#41, J#737, H.616
α after ε, ι,or π usually becomes ᾱ.
contractions
α
ε
η
ξ
α
αι
ε
ει
η
ῃ
ξ
ξι
ξτ
ψ
ῳ
ᾱ
η,ᾱ
αι
ῃ,αι
ῃ
αι
ᾱ
ει
η
ξτ
ᾳ,ᾱ
ει
η
ξι,ξτ
ᾱ
η
ᾳ
ῃ
ῃ
ξι,ῳ
ψ
ξτ
ῳ
ξι
ῳ
ξι
ψ
ξτ
ψ
ψ
ῳ
ῳ
ξτ
ψ
ῳ
ψ
ψ
ξτ
CONSONANT CHANGES
Mutes before θ:
Mutes before σ:
Mutes before κ:
Mutes before μ:
Mutes before ς:
Labials
Palatals
Dentals
(ο,β,υ) + θ  υθ
(ο,β,υ) + σ  οσ
(κ,γ,φ) + θ  φθ
(κ,γ,φ) + σ  κσ
(σ,δ,θ) + θ  ςθ
(σ,δ,θ) + σ  ςσ
(κ,γ,φ) + μ  γμ
(κ,γ,φ) + ς  ν
(σ,δ,θ) + κ  κ
(σ,δ,θ) + μ  ςμ
(σ,δ,θ) + ς  ς
(ο,β,υ) + μ  μμ
(ο,β,υ) + ς  χ



A labial or palatal mute before a dental is made co-ordinate with the dental.
ς is dropped between two consonants.
μ + ς  ς and, except in the dative plural, the preceeding vowel is lengthened (αᾱ, εει, ξξτ).


ς+ςς
μ before a labial becomes μ, and μ before a palatal becomes γ-nasal.
Before another liquid μ is changed to that liquid.
Only μ, π, or ρ can end a Greek word, all others are dropped.
μμμ  μμ
In duplications, an initial rough mute is always made smooth: θύψ  σέθτκα






A smooth mute before a rough vowel is made rough, including in elision.
Initial π is doubled when a vowel precedes it in forming a compound word, and after the syllabic augment.
C:\Users\Rusty\Documents\Projects\Other Projects - Greek\Daily Greek Chants (8.5x11) - 2012-06-17.doc
Created by Rusty Mason
Page 5 of 21
Printed: Printed: 6/17/2012 10:27:30 AM
GRAMMAR BASICS

There are eight parts of speech:
1. noun
A person place, or thing.
2. pronoun
A word which substitutes for a noun.
3. adjective
Modifies a noun.
4. verb
Asserts action or a state of being.
5. adverb
Modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
6. preposition
Shows a relationship between words and phrases.
7. conjunction
Joins words, phrases, or clauses.
8. interjection
Expresses sudden or strong feeling.


A substantive is any word or phrase which functions as a noun.
The two main parts of every sentence are the subject and predicate. The subject is what the sentence is
about. The predicate is everything else.
A word in apposition is explaining the noun using a different word. The nouns agree in case.

INTRODUCTION TO NOUNS AND DECLENSIONS










A declension is a pattern of spelling and ending changes for a noun (or adjective, pronoun, or participle).
A noun belongs to one of three declensions: the 1st or A-stem Declension, 2nd or O-stem Declension, or
the Consonant-stem Declension.
A noun (or adjective, pronoun, or participle) changes its form to show its function in a sentence.
The five cases of a declension and their primary functions are:
1. nominative
subject
2. genitive
possession
3. dative
indirect object of a verb
4. accusative
direct object of a transitive verb
5. vocative
direct address
The three genders are masculine, feminine, and neuter.
The three numbers are singular, dual, and plural.
Nouns are declined by adding the declension endings to the noun stem.
The nominative and genitive forms of a noun tell its declension.
All neuters have identical forms in the nominative, accusative, and vocative. Plurals end in α.
In the dual and plural of all nouns, the vocative is the same as the nominative.
NOUN ENDINGS




1st and 2nd declension genitive and dative endings are long.
1st and 2nd declension accents on the ultima are circumflexed in the genitive and dative
1st declension genitive plural always has the circumflex.
2nd declension stems in εξ and ξξ contract.
third declension noun stems


The stem is usually the genitive singular without ξρ.
The vocative singular of stems in -ιδ, and -μσ except oxytones, is the mere stem.


Consonant -ιρ nouns, except oxytones, drop the final dental of the stem and add μ in the accusative.
The ι, τ, or diphthong stem is the nominative singular without ρ.

In masculine and feminine μ, π, ρ, and ξμσ stems, final sigma is rejected and
the stem vowel is lengthened, ε  η or ξ  ψ.
C:\Users\Rusty\Documents\Projects\Other Projects - Greek\Daily Greek Chants (8.5x11) - 2012-06-17.doc
Created by Rusty Mason
Page 6 of 21
Printed: Printed: 6/17/2012 10:27:30 AM
third declension noun cases and accents








Nominative singular – in masculine and feminine μ, π, ρ, and ξμσ stems, final sigma is rejected and a short
stem vowel is lengthened, ε  η or ξ  ψ.
Accusative singular – consonant stems add α, vowel stems add μ.
Accusative singular – stems ending in unaccented ι-dental replace the dental with μ in the singular.
Accusative plural – α is short.
The vocative singular of masculine and feminine nouns is usually the stem.
The vocative singular is the same as the nominative when
o the nominative ends in ν or χ, or
o when the stem ends in μ or π and accents the ultima. Exceptions are ὀδξύρ, ἀμήπ, and οασήπ.
In the genitive and dative of monosyllabic stems, the accent stands on the ultima and the duals and the
genitive plural receive the circumflex.
ς stems – final ρ is dropped before adding all case endings.




ς stems – in neuter ς stems, final ε is changed to ξ in nominative singular.
ι and τ stems – ι and τ usually replaced by ε except in nominative, accusative, and vocative singular.
ι and τ stems – final ψ in genitive counted as short.
Diphthong stems – τ drops off before vowel endings.
 Diphthong stems – genitive singular ending may be -ξρ or -ψρ .
 Diphthong stems – μα becomes before a μη before a short vowel and με long vowel .
1st , 2nd , & 3rd DECLENSION ENDINGS
1st
2nd
(Stems in α or η)
F.
F.
F.
F.
(ε,ι,π + ᾱ,α)
(o-stems)
M.
M.
M.&F.
N.
(ε,ι,π + ᾱρ)
Consonant, ι and τ
(ψ-stems)
M.&F.
(Attic-stems)
M.& F.
N.
singular
N.
G.
D.
A.
V.
ᾱ
ᾱρ
ᾳ
ᾱμ
ᾱ
α
ᾱρ
ᾳ
αμ
α
α
ηρ
ῃ
αμ
α
η
ηρ
ῃ
ημ
η
ᾱρ
ξτ
ᾳ
ᾱμ
ᾱ
ηρ
ξτ
ῃ
ημ
α
ξρ
ξτ
ῳ
ξμ
ε
ξμ
ξτ
ῳ
ξμ
ξμ
ψρ
ψ
ῳ
ψμ
ψρ
ρ
ξρ, ψρ
ι
α, μ
ρ
--ξρ, ψρ
ι
-----
ᾱ
αιμ
ᾱ
αιμ
ᾱ
αιμ
ᾱ
αιμ
ᾱ
αιμ
ᾱ
αιμ
ψ
ξιμ
ψ
ξιμ
ψ
ῳμ
ε
ξιμ
ε
ξιμ
αι
ῶμ
αιρ
ᾱρ
αι
αι
ῶμ
αιρ
ᾱρ
αι
αι
ῶμ
αιρ
ᾱρ
αι
αι
ῶμ
αιρ
ᾱρ
αι
αι
ῶμ
αιρ
ᾱρ
αι
αι
ῶμ
αιρ
ᾱρ
αι
ξι
ψμ
ξιρ
ξτρ
ξι
α
ψμ
ξιρ
α
α
ῳ
ψμ
ῳρ
ψρ
ῳ
ερ
ψμ
ςι
αρ, μρ
ερ
α
ψμ
ςι
α
α
dual
N. A.V.
G. D.
plural
N.
G.
D.
A.
V.
C:\Users\Rusty\Documents\Projects\Other Projects - Greek\Daily Greek Chants (8.5x11) - 2012-06-17.doc
Created by Rusty Mason
Page 7 of 21
Printed: Printed: 6/17/2012 10:27:30 AM
3rd DECLENSION PARADIGMS
N.
G.
D.
Α.
V.
N. A.V.
G. D.
N.V.
G.
D.
Α.
Labial
Stem
Palatal
Stem
(ο,β,υ)
(κ,γ,φ)
Dental Stems (σ,δ,θ)
ι - Dentals
Accented
Unaccented
Ultima
Ultima
D.
Α.
V.
N. A.V.
G. D.
N.V.
G.
D.
Α.
(μησεπ-)
(ἀμεπ-,
ἀμ(δ)π-)
guard
shield
bird
old man
month
orator
mother
man
κλώχ
κλψοόρ
κλψοί
κλῶοα
κλώχ
υύλαν
υύλακξρ
υύλακι
υύλακα
υύλαν
ἀςοίρ
ἀςοίδξρ
ἀςοίδι
ἀςοίδα
ἀςοί
ὄπμιρ
ὄπμιθξρ
ὄπμιθι
ὄπμιμ
ὄπμι1
γέπψμ
γέπξμσξρ
γέπξμσι
γέπξμσα
γέπξμ
μήμ
μημόρ
μημί
μῆμα
μήμ
ῥήσψπ
ῥήσξπξρ
ῥήσξπι
ῥήσξπα
ῥῆσξπ
μήσηπ2
μησπόρ
μησπί
μησέπα
μῆσεπ
ἀμήπ2
ἀμδπόρ
ἀμδπί
ἄμδπα
ἄμεπ
κλῶοε υύλακε
κλψοξῖμ υτλάκξιμ
ἀςοίδε
ἀςοίδξιμ
ὄπμιθε
γέπξμσε
ὀπμίθξιμ γεπόμσξιμ
μῆμε
ῥήσξπε
μησέπε ἄμδπε
μημξῖμ ῥησόπξιμ μησέπξιμ ἀμδπξῖμ
κλῶοερ
κλψοῶμ
κλψχί
κλῶοαρ
ἀςοίδερ
ἀςοίδψμ
ἀςοίςι
ἀςοίδαρ
ὄπμιθερ
ὀπμίθψμ
ὀπμίςι
ὄπμιθαρ
μῆμερ
μημῶμ
μηςί
μῆμαρ
(σπιήπες-)
G.
Syncopated
thief
υύλακερ
υτλάκψμ
υύλανι
υύλακαρ
ς-Stems
N.
Liquid Stems (λ,μ,μ,π)
ξμσ stem
γέπξμσερ
γεπόμσψμ
γέπξτςι
γέπξμσαρ
ῥήσξπερ
ῥησόπψμ
ῥήσξπςι
πήσξπαρ
Stems in ι and τ
(μέπες-) (γέπας-)
(οόλι-)
(ἄςστ-)
μησέπερ
μησέπψμ
μησπάςι
μησέπαρ
ἄμδπερ
ἀμδπῶμ
ἀμδπάςι
ἄμδπαρ
Diphthong Stems
(βαςιλέτ-)
(μαῦ-)
(βξῦ-)
trireme
portion
gift
city
town
king
ship
bull
σπιήπηρ
σπιήπξτρ
σπιήπει
σπιήπη
σπιῆπερ
μέπξρ
μέπξτρ
μέπει
μέπξρ
μέπξρ
γέπαρ
γέπψρ
γέπαι
γέπαρ
γέπαρ
οόλιρ
οόλεψρ
οόλει
οόλιμ
οόλι
ἄςστ
ἄςσεψρ
ἄςσει
ἄςστ
ἄςστ
βαςιλεύρ
βαςιλέψρ
βαςιλεῖ
βαςιλέᾱ
βαςιλεῦ
μαῦρ
μεώρ
μηί
μαῦμ
μαῦ
βξῦρ
βξόρ
βξί
βξῦμ
βξῦ
σπιήπει
σπιήπξιμ
μέπει
μεπξῖμ
γέπᾱ
γεπῷμ
οόλει
ἄςσει
οξλέξιμ ἀςσέξιμ
βαςιλέε
βαςιλέξιμ
μῆε
μεξῖμ
βόε
βξξῖμ
σπιήπειρ
σπιήπψμ
σπιήπεςι
σπιήπειρ
μέπη
μεπῶμ
μέπεςι
μέπη
γέπᾱ
γεπῶμ
γέπαςι
γέπᾱ
οόλειρ
οόλεψμ
οόλεςι
οόλειρ
βαςιλεῖρ
βαςιλέψμ
βαςιλεῦςι
βαςιλέᾱρ
μῆερ
μεῶμ
ματςί
μαῦρ
βόερ
βξῶμ
βξτςί
βξῦρ
ἄςση
ἄςσεψμ
ἄςσεςι
ἄςση
Notes: 1. Vocative singular in this word follows S., H., and P, but J.#744 and W. have ὄπμιρ. Iota in this stem is long.
2. These words are syncopated -επ stems. They have irregular accenting. See S. #262.
C:\Users\Rusty\Documents\Projects\Other Projects - Greek\Daily Greek Chants (8.5x11) - 2012-06-17.doc
Created by Rusty Mason
Page 8 of 21
Printed: Printed: 6/17/2012 10:27:30 AM
PRONOUNS
The Article
Personal and Intensive Pronouns
1st
N.
G.
D.
A.
N. A.
G. D.
N.
G.
D.
A.
2nd
3rd
self; same; he, she, it, they
ὁ
σξῦ
σῷ
σόμ
ἡ
σῆρ
σῇ
σήμ
σό
σξῦ
σῷ
σό
ἐγώ
ἐμξῦ, μξῦ
ἐμξί, μξί
ἐμέ, μέ
ςύ
ςξῦ
ςξί
ςέ
--ξὗ
ξἷ
ἕ
αὐσόρ
αὐσξῦ
αὐσῷ
αὐσόμ
αὐσή
αὐσῆρ
αὐσῇ
αὐσήμ
αὐσό
αὐσξῦ
αὐσῷ
αὐσό
σώ
σξῖμ
σώ
σξῖμ
σώ
σξῖμ
μώ
μῷμ
ςυώ
ςυῷμ
-----
αὐσώ
αὐσξῖμ
αὐσά
αὐσαῖμ
αὐσώ
αὐσξῖμ
ξἱ
σῶμ
σξῖρ
σξύρ
αἱ
σῶμ
σαῖρ
σάρ
σά
σῶμ
σξῖρ
σά
ἡμεῖρ
ἡμῶμ
ἡμῖμ
ἡμᾶρ
ὑμεῖρ
ὑμῶμ
ὑμῖμ
ὑμᾶρ
ςυεῖρ
ςυῶμ
ςυίςι
ςυᾶρ
αὐσξί
αὐσῶμ
αὐσξῖρ
αὐσξύρ
αὐσαί
αὐσῶμ
αὐσαῖρ
αὐσάρ
αὐσά
αὐσῶμ
αὐσξῖρ
αὐσά
Possessive Pronouns
ἐμόρ, ἐμή, ἐμόμ
ςόρ, ςή, ςόμ
1st Person
2nd Person
ἡμέσεπξρ, ἡμεσέπα, ἡμέσεπξμ
ὑμέσεπξρ, ὑμεσέπα, ὑμέσεπξμ
Reflexive Pronouns
1st Person – myself, ourselves
M.
G.
D.
A.
G.
D.
A.
2nd Person – yourself, yourselves
F.
M.
F.
M.
ἐματσξῦ
ἐματσῷ
ἐματσόμ
ἐματσῆρ
ἐματσῇ
ἐματσήμ
ςεατσξῦ
ςεατσῷ
ςεατσόμ
ςεατσῆρ
ςεατσῇ
ςεατσήμ
ςατσξῦ
- or - ςατσῷ
ςατσόμ
ἡμῶμ αὐσῶμ
ἡμῖμ αὐσξῖρ
ἡμᾶρ αὐσξύρ
ἡμῶμ αὐσῶμ
ἡμῖμ αὐσαῖρ
ἡμᾶρ αὐσάρ
ὑμῶμ αὐσῶμ
ὑμῖμ αὐσξῖρ
ὑμᾶρ αὐσξύρ
ὑμῶμ αὐσῶμ
ὑμῖμ αὐσαῖρ
ὑμᾶρ αὐσάρ
F.
ςατσῆρ
ςατσῇ
ςατσήμ
3rd Person – himself, herself, itself; themselves
G.
D.
A.
G.
D.
A.
ἑατσξῦ
ἑατσῷ
ἑατσόμ
ἑατσῆρ
ἑατσῇ
ἑατσήμ
ἑατσξῦ
ἑατσῷ
ἑατσό
ἑατσῶμ
ἑατσξῖρ
ἑατσξύρ
ἑατσῶμ
ἑατσαῖρ
ἑατσάρ
ἑατσῶμ
ἑατσξῖρ
ἑατσά
- or -
αὑσξῦ
αὑσῷ
αὑσόμ
αὑσῆρ
αὑσῇ
αὑσήμ
αὑσξῦ
αὑσῷ
αὑσό
- or -
αὑσῶμ
αὑσξῖρ
αὑσξύρ
αὑσῶμ
αὑσαῖρ
αὑσάρ
αὑσῶμ
αὑσξῖρ
αὑσά
C:\Users\Rusty\Documents\Projects\Other Projects - Greek\Daily Greek Chants (8.5x11) - 2012-06-17.doc
Created by Rusty Mason
Page 9 of 21
Printed: Printed: 6/17/2012 10:27:30 AM
Demonstrative Pronouns
this (already mentioned, hic, haec, hoc)
this (the following)
that (yonder, ille, illa, illud)
ξὗσξρ
σξύσξτ
σξύσῳ
σξῦσξμ
αὕση
σαύσηρ
σαύσῃ
σαύσημ
σξῦσξ
σξύσξτ
σξύσῳ
σξῦσξ
ὅδε
σξῦδε
σῷδε
σόμδε
ἥδε
σῆςδε
σῇδε
σήμδε
σόδε
σξῦδε
σῷδε
σόδε
ἐκεῖμξρ
ἐκείμξτ
ἐκείμῳ
ἐκεῖμξμ
ἐκείμη
ἐκείμηρ
ἐκείμῃ
ἐκείμημ
ἐκεῖμξ
ἐκείμξτ
ἐκείμῳ
ἐκεῖμξ
σξύσψ
σξύσξιμ
σξύσψ
σξύσξιμ
σξύσψ
σξύσξιμ
σώδε
σξῖμδε
σώδε
σξῖμδε
σώδε
σξῖμδε
ἐκείμψ
ἐκείμξιμ
ἐκείμψ
ἐκείμξιμ
ἐκείμψ
ἐκείμξιμ
ξὗσξι
σξύσψμ
σξύσξιρ
σξύσξτρ
αὗσαι
σξύσψμ
σαύσαιρ
σαύσᾱρ
σαῦσα
σξύσψμ
σξύσξιρ
σαῦσα
ξἵδε
σῶμδε
σξῖςδε
σξύςδε
αἵδε
σῶμδε
σαῖςδε
σάςδε
σάδε
σῶδε
σξῖςδε
σάδε
ἐκεῖμξι
ἐκείμψμ
ἐκείμξιρ
ἐκείμξτρ
ἐκεῖμαι
ἐκείμψμ
ἐκείμαιρ
ἐκείμᾱρ
ἐκεῖμα
ἐκείμψμ
ἐκείμξιρ
ἐκεῖμα
Interrogative Pronoun/Adjective
who?, which?, what? (quis?, quid?)
M. F.
N.
G.
D.
A.
N. A.
G. D.
N.
G.
D.
A.
Ν.
Indefinite Pronoun/Adjective (enclitic)
some, any (aliquis, aliquid)
somebody, anything (quīdam, quiddam)
M. F.
Ν.
σίρ
σίμξρ, σξῦ
σίμι, σῷ
σίμα
σί
σίμξρ, σξῦ
σίμι, σῷ
σί
σιρ
σιμόρ, σξτ
σιμί, σῳ
σιμά
σι
σιμόρ, σξτ
σιμί, σῳ
σὶ
σίμε
σίμξιμ
σίμε
σίμξιμ
σιμέ
σιμξῖμ
σιμέ
σιμξῖμ
σίμερ
σίμψμ
σίςι
σίμαρ
σίμα
σίμψμ
σίςι
σίμα
σιμέρ
σιμῶμ
σιςί
σιμάρ
σιμά
σιμῶμ
σιςί
σιμά
C:\Users\Rusty\Documents\Projects\Other Projects - Greek\Daily Greek Chants (8.5x11) - 2012-06-17.doc
Created by Rusty Mason
Page 10 of 21
Printed: Printed: 6/17/2012 10:27:30 AM
N.
G.
D.
A.
N. A.
G. D.
N.
G.
D.
A.
Relative Pronoun
Ιndefinite Relative Pronoun
who, which
whoever, whichever
ὅρ
ξὗ
ὧ
ὅμ
ἥ
ἧρ
ἧ
ἥμ
ὅ
ξὗ
ὧ
ὅ
ὅςσιρ
ξὗσιμξρ, ὅσξτ
ὧσιμι, ὅσῳ
ὅμσιμα
ἥσιρ
ἧςσιμξρ
ἧσιμι
ἥμσιμα
ὅ σι
ξὗσιμξρ, ὅσξτ
ὧσιμι, ὅσῳ
ὅ σι
ὥ
ξἷμ
ὥ
ξἷμ
ὥ
ξἷμ
ὥσιμε
ξἵμσιμξιμ
ὥσιμε
ξἵμσιμξιμ
ὥσιμε
ξἵμσιμξιμ
ξἵ
ὧμ
ξἷρ
ξὕρ
αἵ
ὧμ
αἷρ
ἅρ
ἅ
ὧμ
ξἷρ
ἅ
ξἵσιμερ
ὧμσιμψμ, ὅσψμ
ξἷςσιςι, ὅσξιρ
ξὕςσιμαρ
αἵσιμερ
ὧμσιμψμ
αἷςσιςι
ἅςσιμαρ
ἅσιμα, ἅσσα
ὧμσιμψμ, ὅσψμ
ξἷςσιςι, ὅσξιρ
ἅσιμα, ἅσσα
Reciprocal Pronoun
M.
F.
Ν.
dual
G.
D.
A.
ἀλλήλξιμ
ἀλλήλξιμ
ἀλλήλψ
ἀλλήλαιμ
ἀλλήλαιμ
ἀλλήλα
ἀλλήλξιμ
ἀλλήλξιμ
ἀλλήλψ
ἀλλήλψμ
ἀλλήλξιρ
ἀλλήλξτρ
ἀλλήλψμ
ἀλλήλαιρ
ἀλλήλαρ
ἀλλήλψμ
ἀλλήλξιρ
ἄλληλα
plural
G.
D.
A.
C:\Users\Rusty\Documents\Projects\Other Projects - Greek\Daily Greek Chants (8.5x11) - 2012-06-17.doc
Created by Rusty Mason
Page 11 of 21
Printed: Printed: 6/17/2012 10:27:30 AM
ADJECTIVES
Declining
Adjectives agree with their nouns in case, gender, and number. An adjective or participle, generally with the
article, may be used as a noun.
The masculine and neuter forms are declined according to the second declension and the
feminine according to the first. In regular adjectives, the accent of the feminine nominative singular and
genitive plural follow that of the masculine.
2-1-2 contracts
The masculine and neuter forms are declined according to the contracted second declension,
and the feminine according to the first; the vocatives are like the nominatives.
3-1-3 adjectives The masculine and neuter forms are declined according to the third declension, the feminine
according to the first.
2-2 and 3-3 adjs Declined the same as 2-1-2 and 3-1-3 adjectives except with masculine and neuter forms only.
Attic declension Declined like Attic declension nouns except that vocatives are the same as nominatives.
2-1-2 adjectives
Comparatives




Most comparitives and superlatives are formed by adding -σεπξρ, -σεπᾱ, -σεπξμ and -σασξρ, -σαση, σασξμ to the noun stem.
ξ-stems with a short penult lengthen ξ  ψ.
They are declined like 2-1-2 adjectives.
Some adjectives, chiefly in -τρ and -πξρ, are compared using -ῑψμ and -ιςσξρ.
Irregular Adjectives
N.
G.
D.
Α.
V.
N. A.V.
G. D.
N.V.
G.
D.
Α.
μέγαρ, great
οᾶρ, all
οξλύρ, much, many
(μεγα, μεγαλξ)
(οαμσ)
(οξλτ, οξλλξ)
μέγαρ
μεγάλξτ
μεγάλῳ
μέγαμ
μεγάλε
μεγάλη
μεγάληρ
μεγάλῃ
μεγάλημ
μεγάλη
μέγα
μεγάλξτ
μεγάλῳ
μέγα
μέγα
οᾶρ
οαμσόρ
οαμσί
οάμσα
οᾶςα
οάςηρ
οάςῃ
οᾶςαμ
οᾶμ
οαμσόρ
οαμσί
οᾶμ
οoλύρ
οξλλξῦ
οξλλῷ
οξλύμ
οξλλή
οξλλῆρ
οξλλῇ
οξλλήμ
οξλύ
οξλλξῦ
οξλλῷ
οξλλύ
οάμσερ
οάμσψμ
οᾶςι
οάμσαρ
οᾶςαι
οαςῶμ
οάςαιρ
οάςᾱρ
οάμσα
οάμσψμ
οᾶςι
οάμσα
οξλλξί
οξλλῶμ
οξλλξῖρ
οξλλξύρ
οξλλαί
οξλλῶμ
οξλλαῖρ
οξλλάρ
οξλλά
οξλλῶμ
οξλλξῖρ
οξλλά
μεγάλψ μεγάλᾱ μεγάλψ
μεγάλξιμ μεγάλαιμ μεγάλξιμ
μεγάλξι
μεγάλψμ
μεγάλξιρ
μεγάλξτρ
μεγάλαι
μεγάλψμ
μεγάλαιρ
μεγάλᾱρ
μεγάλα
μεγάλψμ
μεγάλξιρ
μεγάλα
First Four Cardinal Numerals
N.
G.
D.
Α.
εἷρ
ἑμόρ
ἑμί
ἕμα
μία
μιᾶρ
μιᾷ
μίαμ
ἕμ
ἑμόρ
ἑμί
ἕμ
δύξ
δτξῖμ
δτξῖμ
δύξ
σπεῖρ
σπιῶμ
σπιςί
σπεῖρ
σπία
σπιῶμ
σπιςί
σπία
C:\Users\Rusty\Documents\Projects\Other Projects - Greek\Daily Greek Chants (8.5x11) - 2012-06-17.doc
Created by Rusty Mason
σέσσαπερ
σεσσάπψμ
σέσσαπςι
σέσσαπαρ
σέσσαπα
σεσσάπψμ
σέσσαπςι
σέσσαπα
Page 12 of 21
Printed: Printed: 6/17/2012 10:27:30 AM
NUMERALS
Cardinal
5
6
7
8
9
10
οέμσε
ἕν
ἑοσά
ὀκσώ
ἐμμέα
δέκα
11
12
13
14
15
16
ἕμδεκα
δώδεκα
σπειςκαίδεκα
σεσσαπεςκαίδεκα
οεμσεκαίδεκα
ἑκκαίδεκα
17
18
19
20
21
30
ἑοσακαίδεκα
ὀκσψκαίδεκα
ἐμμεακαίδεκα
εἴκξςι
εἴκξςι καὶ εἶρ
σπιάκξμσα
VERB BASICS
Voice
active voice
middle voice
passive voice
Subject is doing the action.
Subject is performing the action on or for himself.
Subject is being acted upon.
Persons
First persons
second persons
third persons
The one or ones talking.
The one or ones you are talking to.
The one or ones you are talking about.
Three Numbers
singular, dual, plural
Just as in nouns.
Four Primary Tenses
present tense
future tense
perfect tense
future perfect tense
For states of being or ongoing actions happening now.
For states of being or ongoing actions in the future.
For completed actions having effect on present conditions.
For completed actions in the future.
Three Secondary or Historic Tenses
imperfect tense
aorist tense
pluperfect tense
For states of being or ongoing action in the past.
For simple completed action, usually in the past.
For previously completed actions.
Four Moods
indicative mood
subjunctive mood
optative mood
imperative mood
Used to express statements or questions of fact.
Used to make “what if” statements or questions.
Used to make statements or questions that are less certain than the subjunctive.
Used to make direct commands.
Verb Stem
The fundamental part of a verb.
C:\Users\Rusty\Documents\Projects\Other Projects - Greek\Daily Greek Chants (8.5x11) - 2012-06-17.doc
Created by Rusty Mason
Page 13 of 21
Printed: Printed: 6/17/2012 10:27:30 AM
Principal Parts
1st person singular indicative of the following tenses:
present active
future active
aorist active
perfect active
perfect middle
aorist passive
λύψ
λύςψ
ἔλτςα
λέλτκα
λέλτμαι
ἐλύθημ
Augment
Verbs in a secondary tense of the indicative mood prefix an augment to the verb stem.
syllabic augment
Prefix ε to verb beginning with a consonant.
temporal augment
Lengthen first syllable of verb beginning with a vowel or diphthong:
α, ε
 η
ι, ξ, τ  ῑ, ψ, ῡ
αι, ᾳ
 ῃ
ξι
 ῳ
ξτ is never augmented; ει and ετ are often without augment.
Verb Stem Duplication
Shows completed action:
perfect tense

Single consonant (except π):
first consonant + ε + stem: λύψ  λέλτκα
(a rough mute is smoothed):

Two (not liquid + mute) or double consonants or π:

Short vowel or diphthong:
θύψ  σέθτκα
ε + stem: ςσπασεύψ  ἐςσπάσετκα
temporal augment: ἁποάζψ  ἥποακα
pluperfect tense

Single consonant:

Others:
ε + perfect duplication: λέλτκα  ἐλελύκη
perfect duplication: ςσπασεύψ  ἐςσπασεύκη
ἁποάζψ  ἡποάκη
C:\Users\Rusty\Documents\Projects\Other Projects - Greek\Daily Greek Chants (8.5x11) - 2012-06-17.doc
Created by Rusty Mason
Page 14 of 21
Printed: Printed: 6/17/2012 10:27:30 AM
Indicative Verb Personal Endings
Active Voice1
Primary2
Tenses
Middle & Passive Voices
Secondary2
Tenses
Primary2
Tenses
Secondary2
Tenses
singular
1st
2nd
3rd
μι or –
ς (ςι)
ςι (σι) or –
μ or –
ρ
–
μαι
ςαι
σαι
μημ
ςξ
σξ
σξμ
σξμ
σξμ
σημ
ςθξμ
ςθξμ
ςθξμ
ςθημ
μεμ (μερ)
σε
μςι (μσι)
μεμ (μερ)
σε
μ or ςαμ
μεθα
ςθε
μσαι
μεθα
ςθε
μσξ
dual
2nd
3rd
plural
1st
2nd
3rd
Notes: 1. Exception: the first aorist passive uses active voice endings.
2. Primary tenses: present, future, perfect, future perfect. Secondary tenses: imperfect, aorist, pluperfect
Indicative Ψ-Verb Connecting Vowels
Active, Perf & 1st Aorist
Middle, 1st Aorist
Active, Present & Future
All Other:
α
α
ψ
ξ
α
α
ει
ε
ε
α
ει
ε
–
–
–
–
α
α
ε
ε
α
α
ε
ε
α
α
ξ
ξ
α
α
ε
ε
α
α
ξ
ξ
Vowel Contraction
Verbs with stems ending in α, ε, ξ contract with the connecting vowels and personal endings in
all three voices in the imperfect indicative, and in the present of all moods and participles. Words are accented
before contraction.
PARTICIPLES




Participles are verbal adjectives formed from the verb tense stems (without augment), occuring in the
present, future, aorist, perfect, and future perfect tenses.
Participles have tense and voice like verbs, and have gender, number, and case like nouns.
The vocative case is everywhere like the nominative.
Participles in -αψμ, -εψμ, and -ξψμ are contracted.
C:\Users\Rusty\Documents\Projects\Other Projects - Greek\Daily Greek Chants (8.5x11) - 2012-06-17.doc
Created by Rusty Mason
Page 15 of 21
Printed: Printed: 6/17/2012 10:27:30 AM
Ω-VERB CONNECTING VOWELS WITH ENDINGS
Active Voice
--------------------- primary tenses ------------------
--------------------------------------- secondary tenses1 --------------------------------------------
Present (λτ+)
Perfect
1st Aorist
2nd Aorist
Imperfect
Future (λτ+ς+)
1st (λε+λτ+κ+)
(ε+λτ+ς+)
(ε+λιο+)
(ε+λτ+)
2nd (λε+λξιο+)
Pluperfect
1st (ε+λε+λτ+κ+)
2nd (ε+λε+λξιο+)
indicative1
ψ
ειρ
ει
εσξμ
εσξμ
ξμεμ
εσε
ξτςι
α
αρ
ε
ασξμ
ασξμ
αμεμ
ασε
ᾱςι
α
αρ
ε
ασξμ
άσημ
αμεμ
ασε
αμ
ξμ
ερ
ε
εσξμ
έσημ
ξμεμ
εσε
ξμ
ψ
ῃρ
ῃ
ησξμ
ησξμ
ψμεμ
ησε
ψςι
ψ
ῃρ
ῃ
ησξμ
ησξμ
ψμεμ
ησε
ψςι
ψ
ῃρ
ῃ
ησξμ
ησξμ
ψμεμ
ησε
ψςι
ψ
ῃρ
ῃ
ησξμ
ησξμ
ψμεμ
ησε
ψςι
ξιμι
ξιρ
ξι
ξισξμ
ξίσημ
ξιμεμ
ξισε
ξιεμ
ξιμι
ξιρ
ξι
ξισξμ
ξίσημ
ξιμεμ
ξισε
ξιεμ
αιμι
αιρ, ειαρ
αι, ειε
αισξμ
αίσημ
αιμεμ
αισε
αιεμ, ειαμ
ξιμι
ξιρ
ξι
ξισξμ
ξίσημ
ξιμεμ
ξισε
ξιεμ
ε
έσψ
εσξμ
έσψμ
εσε
όμσψμ
ειμ
ψμ, ξτςα, ξμ
έμαι
ώρ, τῖα, όρ
ξμ
άσψ
ασξμ
άσψμ
ασε
άμσψμ
αι
ᾱρ, ᾱςα, αμ
ε
έσψ
εσξμ
έσψμ
εσε
όμσψμ
εῖμ
ώμ, ξῦςα, όμ
ξμσξρ, ξτςηρ, ξμσξρ
όσξρ, τίᾱρ, όσξρ
αμσξρ, άςηρ, αμσξρ
όμσξρ, ξύςηρ, όμσξρ
S. 1st
2nd
3rd
D. 2nd
3rd
Pl. 1st
2nd
3rd
ξμ
ερ
ε
εσξμ
έσημ
ξμεμ
εσε
ξμ
η
ηρ
ει
εσξμ
έσημ
εμεμ
εσε
εςαμ
subjunctive (no future)
S. 1st
2nd
3rd
D. 2nd
3rd
Pl. 1st
2nd
3rd
optative
S. 1st
2nd
3rd
D. 2nd
3rd
Pl. 1st
2nd
3rd
imperative (no future)
S. 2nd
3rd
D. 2nd
3rd
Pl. 2nd
3rd
infinitive
participle
Notes: 1. Only the secondary tenses of the indicative mood have augment; infinitives and participles do not have augment.
C:\Users\Rusty\Documents\Projects\Other Projects - Greek\Daily Greek Chants (8.5x11) - 2012-06-17.doc
Created by Rusty Mason
Page 16 of 21
Printed: Printed: 6/17/2012 10:27:30 AM
Middle & Passive Voice
---------------------- primary tenses ---------------------
Present
Fut. Mid.
1st Fut. Pass.
2nd Fut. Pass.
Fut. Perfect
indicative1
S. 1st
2nd
3rd
D. 2nd
3rd
Pl. 1st
2nd
3rd
(λτ+)
Perfect
(λτ+ς+)
(λε+λτ+)
(λτ+θης+)
(υαμ+ης+)
(λε+λτ+ς+)
ξμαι
ει
εσαι
εςθξμ
εςθξμ
όμεθα
εςθε
ξμσαι
------------------------------------------ secondary tenses1 --------------------------------------------
1st Aorist
2nd Aorist
Aorist Passive
Pluperfect
Middle
Middle
1st (ε+λτθ+)
(ε+λε+λτ+)
(ε+λτ+ς+)
(ε+λιο+)
Imperfect3
2nd (ε+υαμ+)
(ε+λτ+)
μαι
ςαι
σαι
ςθξμ
ςθξμ
μεθα
ςθε
μσαι4
άμημ
ψ
ασξ
αςθξμ
άςθημ
άμεθα
αςθε
αμσξ
όμημ
ξτ
εσξ
εςθξμ
έςθημ
όμεθα
εςθε
ξμσξ
ημ
ηρ
η
ησξμ
ήσημ
ημεμ
ησε
ηςαμ
μημ
ςξ
σξ
ςθξμ
ςθημ
μεθα
ςθε
μσξ5
μέμξρ ὦ
μέμξρ ᾖρ
μέμξρ ᾖ
μέμψ ἦσξμ
μέμψ ἦσξμ
μέμξι ὦμεμ
μέμξι ἦσε
μέμξι ὦςι
ψμαι
ῃ
ησαι
ηςθξμ
ηςθξμ
ώμεθα
ηςθε
ψμσαι
ψμαι
ῃ
ησαι
ηςθξμ
ηςθξμ
ώμεθα
ηςθε
ψμσαι
ῶ
ῇρ
ῇ
ῆσξμ
ῆσξμ
ῶμεμ
ῆσε
ῶςι
αίμημ
αιξ
αισξ
αιςθξμ
αίςθημ
αίμεθα
αιςθε
αιμσξ
ξίμημ
ξιξ
ξισξ
ξιςθξμ
ξίςθημ
ξίμεθα
ξιςθε
ξιμσξ
είημ
είηρ
είη
είησξμ or
ειήσημ or
είημεμ or
είησε or
είηςαμ or
αι
άςθψ
αςθξμ
άςθψμ
αςθε
άςθψμ
αςθαι
άμεμξρ
ξῦ
έςθψ
εςθξμ
έςθψμ
εςθε
έςθψμ
έςθαι
όμεμξρ
ησι
ήσψ
ησξμ
ησψμ
ησε
έμσψμ
ῆμαι
είρ, εῖςα, έμ
subjunctive (no futures)
S. 1st
2nd
3rd
D. 2nd
3rd
Pl. 1st
2nd
3rd
ψμαι
ῃ
ησαι
ηςθξμ
ηςθξμ
ώμεθα
ηςθε
ψμσαι
optative
S. 1st
2nd
3rd
D. 2nd
3rd
Pl. 1st
2nd
3rd
ξίμημ
ξιξ
ξισξ
ξιςθξμ
ξίςθημ
ξίμεθα
ξιςθε
ξιμσξ
μέμξρ εἴημ
μέμξρ εἴηρ
μέμξρ εἴη
μέμψ εἴησξμ or
μέμψ εἰήσημ or
μέμξι εἴημεμ or
μέμξι εἴησε or
μέμξι εἴηςαμ or
εἶσξμ
εἴσημ
εἶμεμ
εἶσε
εἶεμ
εῖσξμ
είσημ
εῖμεμ
εῖσε
εῖεμ
imperative (no futures)
S. 2nd
3rd
D. 2nd
3rd
Pl. 2nd
3rd
infinitive
participle
ξτ
έςθψ
εςθξμ
έςθψμ
εςθε
έςθψμ
εςθαι
όμεμξρ
ςξ
ςθψ
ςθξμ
ςθψμ
ςθε
ςθψμ
ςθαι
μέμξρ
έμσξρ, είςηρ, έμσξρ
Notes: 1. Only the secondary tenses of the indicative mood have augment (infinitives and participles do not have augment). 3. The imperfect tense exists only in the
indicative; it has no infinitive and no participle. 4. μέμξι εἰςί for mute and liquid verbs. 5. μέμξι ἦςαμ for mute and liquid verbs.
C:\Users\Rusty\Documents\Projects\Other Projects - Greek\Daily Greek Chants (8.5x11) - 2012-06-17.doc
Created by Rusty Mason
Page 17 of 21
Printed: Printed: 6/17/2012 10:27:30 AM
VERB ENDING TYPES
(from Mastronarde)
I.
Vowel verbs:
II.
Verbs in -έψ
III.
Verbs in
-άψ
after -ε,
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
-ι, -π stem
Verbs in -όψ
Verbs in -άζψ
Verbs in -έζψ
Verbs in -ίζψ
Labial Plosives (ο-mutes)
Velar Plosives (κ-mutes)
Dental Plosives (σ-mutes)
Liquids (λ,μ,μ,π)
Pres
Act
Fut
Act
Aor
Act
Perf
Act
-ψ,
-έψ,
-άψ,
-άψ,
-όψ,
-άζψ,
-έζψ,
-ίζψ,
-οσψ,
-οψ,
-υψ,
-ςψ,
-ήςψ,
-ήςψ,
-ςψ,
-ώςψ,
-άςψ,
-έςψ,
-ιέψ,
-χψ,
-ςα,
-ηςα,
-ηςα,
-ᾱςα,
-ψςα,
-αςα,
-εςα,
-ιςα,
-χα,
-κα,
-ηκα,
-ηκα,
ᾱκα,
-ψκα,
-ακα,
-εκα,
-ικα,
-υα,
-γψ,
-φψ,
-κψ,
-σσψ,
-θψ,
-δψ,
-λλψ,
-ίμψ,
-ίπψ,
Perf
Mid
Aor
Pass
-μαι,
-ημαι,
-ημαι,
-ᾱμαι,
-ψμαι,
-αςμαι,
-εςμαι,
-ιςμαι,
-μμαι,
-θημ
-ήθημ
-ήθημ
-θημ
-ώθημ
-άςθημ
-έςθημ
-ίςθημ
-υθημ
-οημ
-βημ
-υημ
-γθημ
-φημ
-νψ,
-να,
-γα,
-φα,
-γμαι,
-ςψ,
-ςα,
-κα,
-ςμαι,
-ςθημ
-λέψ,
-μέψ,
-ιλα,
-ιμα,
-λκα,
-κα,
-πέψ,
-ιπα,
-πκα,
-λμαι,
-ιμαι,
-ςμαι,
-πμαι,
-λθημ
-μθημ
-μημ
-πθημ
-πημ
(2nd aorist)
(2nd aorist)
(2nd aorist)
ΜΙ - VERBS


Present:
Present and 2nd aorist:
stem is often reduplicated with ι connecting vowel.
add the personal endings without the ξ/ε connecting
vowels, except in the subjunctive.

Present active indicative, singular:
lengthen the stem vowel.
endings: μι, ρ, ςι, σξμ, σξμ, μεμ, σε, ᾱςι (for μςι;
stem ε does not contract with ᾱςι).

Present, optative connecting vowels:
active, middle, passive: ι.
active: ι or ιη.
C:\Users\Rusty\Documents\Projects\Other Projects - Greek\Daily Greek Chants (8.5x11) - 2012-06-17.doc
Created by Rusty Mason
Page 18 of 21
Printed: Printed: 6/17/2012 10:27:30 AM
COMMON PREPOSITIONS
With the Genitive
ἄμετ -- without
ἀμσί -- instead of, for
ἀοό -- from, off, away from
διά -- through
ἐοί -- on, upon, toward, in the time of
ἐν, ἐκ -- out of, from, succession
ἔμεκα -- for the sake of
κασά -- down from, down upon, against
μεσά -- with, in company with
οαπά -- from beside, from
οεπί -- about, concerning
οπό -- before, in front of, on behalf of
οπόρ -- over, against, by
ὑοέπ -- over, for, in behalf of, concerning
ὑοό -- under, from under; by (of agency), through
With the dative
ἀμά -- up on
ἐμ – in, at, among, on, within, during
ἐοί -- on, by, over, for
οαπά -- beside, with, in the presence of, at
οεπί -- about, around
οπόρ – at, in addition to
ςύμ – by, with (instrumentality), in company with
ὑοό -- under, by
With the accusative
αμυί -- about, around, near, approximately,
concerning
ἀμά -- up along, through, over, w/numerals: at the
rate of
διά -- because of, on account of
εἰρ, ἐρ -- into, up to, until, at, to a purpose
ἐοί -- to, up to, toward, against
κασά -- down along, during, by, according to,
approximately
μεσά -- after, follow after, into the midst of
οαπά -- to the side of, alongside, beyond, on
account of
οεπί -- about, around, near, approximately,
concerning
οπόρ -- to, (motion) toward, according to, regarding
ὑοέπ -- over, beyond, exceeding
ὑοό -- under, at the foot of, during, toward
C:\Users\Rusty\Documents\Projects\Other Projects - Greek\Daily Greek Chants (8.5x11) - 2012-06-17.doc
Created by Rusty Mason
Page 19 of 21
Printed: Printed: 6/17/2012 10:27:30 AM
ADVERBS
C., Appendix 3
interrogative
indefinite
demonstrative
relative
indefinite relative or
indirect interrogative
ξὗ, ἔμθα – where
ὅοξτ – wherever
ἐμθέμδε, ἐμσεῦθεμ,
ἐκεῖθεμ – thence
ὅθεμ – whence
ὁοόθεμ – whence-
ἐμθάδε,
ἐκεῖςε -- thither
ξἷ, ὅοξι,
ἔμθα -- whither
ὅοξι – whither-
ὅσε, ἡμίκα – when
ὁοόσε – whenever
σῇδε, σαύσῃ – this
ᾗ – in which way,
ὅοη – in which
way, thus
as
way, as
ὡρ – as, how
ὅοψρ – how
Of Place
οξῦ -- where?
οξτ – somewhere
ἔμθα, ἐμθάδε,
ἐμσαῦθα – there
ἐκεῖ -- yonder
οόθεμ -- whence?
οξθέμ – from some
place
οξῖ -- whither?
οξι – to some place
soever
soever
Of Time
οόσε – when?
οξσέ – sometime
σόσε – then
Of Method
οῇ – which way,
οῃ – somehow
how?
Of Manner
οῶρ – how?
οψρ – somehow
ὥρ, ὧδε,
ξὕσψρ – thus
ἐκείμψρ – in that way
C:\Users\Rusty\Documents\Projects\Other Projects - Greek\Daily Greek Chants (8.5x11) - 2012-06-17.doc
Created by Rusty Mason
Page 20 of 21
Printed: Printed: 6/17/2012 10:27:30 AM
SYNTAX - NOUNS
Common uses of the noun cases (from C.)
1. nominative
subject of a finite verb
predicate nominative
2. genitive
possession
absolute
partitive
personal agent, with ὑοό
source
place from which (usually with prepositions)
time within which
comparison
separation
3. dative
indirect object of a verb
place where (usually with prepositions)
time when
possession
interest
degree of difference
agent (with perfect passive system and a with verbals)
means or instrument
specification
4. accusative
direct object of a transitive verb
subject of infinitive or participle in indirect discourse
subject of the infinitive in other constructions
duration of time or extent of space
specification
place to which
5. vocative
direct address
C:\Users\Rusty\Documents\Projects\Other Projects - Greek\Daily Greek Chants (8.5x11) - 2012-06-17.doc
Created by Rusty Mason
Page 21 of 21
Printed: Printed: 6/17/2012 10:27:30 AM