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EC351 Computer Systems
Computer Engineering
University of Tripoli
Spring 2015
Instructor Muharrem Drebi
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Course Outline
GENERAL INFORMATION
Course Code and Name: EC351 Computer Systems, 3 credits.
Prerequisite: EC251
Location: Room 213.
Schedule: 9:30AM-10:45AM Saturday and Tuesday.
Instructor: Muharrem Drebi.
Email: m.drebi@ec.uot.edu.ly
Class web site: http://ec.uot.edu.ly/~mmdrebi/ec351/
Computer Engineering Department, University of Tripoli
EC351 Computer Organization,
Instructor: Muharrem Drebi
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Course Outline
Description:
Computer Organization is an introductory course to computer systems, the course provides an overview of
computer hardware components such as processors, memory subsystems, I/O devices and computer
software like assembly language, operating systems, compilers, assemblers and linkers. The course also
talks about the interface between hardware and software and the interactions that occurs between them.
OBJECTIVES
Get a basic understanding on the computer system Internal structure, its units and how they
interact and work together.
Get a basic understanding on computer performance measures
Get a basic understanding on how computer system executes a program from C to machine
language.
Learn to code simple programs in assembly language to access computer hardware.
SCHEDULE (subject to change)
• Assignments: we may have a weekly assignment.
• Two midterms and final.
Computer Engineering Department, University of Tripoli
EC351 Computer Organization,
Instructor: Muharrem Drebi
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Course Outline
GRADING
15% For first Midterm, 15% for Second Midterm, 20% for
Quizzes/Project/Homework and 50% Final Exam.
COURSE MATERIALS
Computer Organization and Design, THE HARDWARE/SOFTWARE
INTERFACE by David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessy 5th Edition 2014
Chapters to be covered in this semester are 1, 2,3, 4 and selected topics
from Chapter 5 and 6.
Some useful material from selected sites on the Internet.
Computer Engineering Department, University of Tripoli
EC351 Computer Organization,
Instructor: Muharrem Drebi
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Computer Engineering Department, University of Tripoli
EC351 Computer Organization,
Instructor: Muharrem Drebi
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What we should learn from this class?
Understanding how a C or a high level language program get
translated into machine language instructions and how the
hardware executes them will help us understand the hardware and
software that affects program performance.
How can we improve program performance?
Why Intel & AMD are shifting from Process scaling or process
shrinking and new architectures to the Many Integrated Core
(MIC) architecture? Ex. Intel 50 core on one single die! Knights
Corner
Computer Engineering Department, University of Tripoli
EC351 Computer Organization,
Instructor: Muharrem Drebi
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Introduction
Computer components
Computers can be regarded as systems of interconnected functional units
controlled by a main Central Processing Unit or the CPU or simply the
processor.
The five classic components of a computer are
1) Input
2) Output
3) Memory
4) Datapath
Processor
5) Control
with the last two sometimes
combined and called the
processor.
Computer Engineering Department, University of Tripoli
EC351 Computer Organization,
Instructor: Muharrem Drebi
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Introduction
Computer classification
Computers can be classified by size, function, cost, tolerance, power consumption,
Processor type :
Desktop computer :is for personal use and has high tolerance for failure.
Server: is for multiple users, the server is accessed via network and with low
tolerance to failure.
Supercomputer: is a subclass of servers with High performance computing
power (HPC) and very low tolerance for failure.
Embedded computer: is a computer with a predefined specific function
integrated inside another device. Low cost and lowest tolerance for failure.
Workstation computer: is a subclass of desktop computers with much
higher performance and much higher cost.
Computer Engineering Department, University of Tripoli
EC351 Computer Organization,
Instructor: Muharrem Drebi
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Computers Manufactured per year
Computer Engineering Department, University of Tripoli
EC351 Computer Organization,
Instructor: Muharrem Drebi
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Embedded processors in the world
Computer Engineering Department, University of Tripoli
EC351 Computer Organization,
Instructor: Muharrem Drebi
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Introduction
Processor Microarchitectures Classification
Processor microarchitectures can be classified along multiple
orthogonal dimensions.
Pipelined/Nonpipelined Processors: Pipelined processors
split the execution of each instruction into multiple phases,
allowing processing of different instructions in different phases
simultaneously. Instruction level parallelism (ILP)
In-Order/Out-of-Order Processors: OOO processors
execute instructions non sequentially, allowing more free
resources and increased ILP.
Computer Engineering Department, University of Tripoli
EC351 Computer Organization,
Instructor: Muharrem Drebi
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Introduction
Processor Microarchitectures Classification
Scalar/Superscalar Processors: Superscalar processors
execute more than 1 instruction at the same time in each pipeline
stage. Very Long Instruction Word or VLIW is a special case of a
superscalar processor. Intel's Itanium, instructions
dependencies are resolved by the compiler. GPUs are VLIW
Vector Processors: They operate on many operands called
vectors. Example: Intel AVX extensions with Single Instruction
Multiple Data instructions or SIMD instructions.
Computer Engineering Department, University of Tripoli
EC351 Computer Organization,
Instructor: Muharrem Drebi
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Introduction
Processor Microarchitectures Classification
Multicore Processors: More than one processing unit or core,
Intel I7 is a four core processor.
Multithreaded Processors: Execute simultaneously more
than one thread per core.
Computer Engineering Department, University of Tripoli
EC351 Computer Organization,
Instructor: Muharrem Drebi
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Where we are? And where we are
heading?
Multi core processors: Packing as many cores as possible. Issues ?
Interconnect congestion, Latency, Power, Cache Coherency,
Parallel programming. Solutions? Network On Chip (NOC),
optical NOCs.
Low power: NUDT the world fastest supercomputer (as of Nov
2013) with 33.863 petaFLOPS and is consuming ~8.2
MegaWatt and uses 18,688 AMD Opteron 6274 16-core CPUs
and 18,688 Nvidia Tesla K20X GPUs . 1 petaFLOPS=1015 FLOPS
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_(supercomputer)
3D chips ? Intel 3D transistors already presented in 2011
Nanoscale silicon Photonics for optical NOC interconnects. Intel
recent breakthrough in silicon Photonics . (~ 50Gbps)
Exascale supercomputers: 1018 FLOPS ~ Year ->2020.
Quantum computing, Qbits! Year->2030s or 2040s? Or ????
Computer Engineering Department, University of Tripoli
EC351 Computer Organization,
Instructor: Muharrem Drebi
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TOP 10 Super Computers in the world
Computer Engineering Department, University of Tripoli
EC351 Computer Organization,
Instructor: Muharrem Drebi
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TOP 10 Super Computers in the world
Computer Engineering Department, University of Tripoli
EC351 Computer Organization,
Instructor: Muharrem Drebi