EDUCATOR
IMPLEMENTATION
GUIDE
Pharmacology Made Easy 3.0
Pharmacology Made Easy 3.0
Table of Contents
DESCRIPTION FEATURES 3
BENEFITS 4
3
EDUCATOR
IMPLEMENTATION
GUIDE
5
RECOMMENDED USE IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES 5
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General Instructional Strategies for Educators
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Active Instructional Strategies for Educators
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Active Instructional Strategies for Students
RECOMMENDED TIME PRODUCT SUPPORT 7
8
TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS CONTENT OUTLINE 8
8
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Module 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
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Module 2: Neurological System (Part 1)
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Module 2: Neurological System (Part 2)
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Module 3: Musculoskeletal System
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Module 4: Respiratory System
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Module 5: The Cardiovascular System
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Module 6: The Hematologic System
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Module 7: The Gastrointestinal System
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Module 8: Reproductive and Genitourinary Systems
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Module 9: The Endocrine System
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Module 10: The Immune System
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Module 11: Pain and Inflammation
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Module 12: Infection
REFERENCES 20
EDUCATOR IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE www.atitesting.com
PAGE 2
© 2014 Assessment Technologies Institute®, Inc.
Pharmacology Made Easy 3.0
Description
Pharmacology Made Easy 3.0 is an interactive, media-rich online tutorial
designed to help students learn about pharmacology and drugs given in
practice. The tutorial contains 12 modules with about 200 prototype drugs
addressed. Each module focuses on drugs that relate to a body system
and contains detailed drug information related to the drugs’ use in the
management of alterations in health.
EDUCATOR
IMPLEMENTATION
GUIDE
Features
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Introduction to Pharmacology module
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Each module begins with a brief review of the anatomy and physiology of the body system of focus.
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Drugs are presented by category for easier learning.
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Rich media and animations are included to enhance learning.
Each category focuses on a prototype drug.
Dynamic presentation of media-rich pharmacology content
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Navigation is easy to use.
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Extensive use of images, illustrations, and animations help explain and illustrate concepts.
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Narration teaches proper pronunciation of the names of drugs.
Drug information tables address:
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Therapeutic effects
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Administration
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Precautions
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Side and adverse effects
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Patient instructions
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Food and drug interactions
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Interventions
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Contraindications
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Drug information tables are printable. (Look under the RESOURCES icon in the modules.)
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Drug-related safety alerts
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Drug therapy across the lifespan
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Guidelines for client education
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Video case studies that simulate providers interacting with clients focus on the clinical application
of drug information.
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10-item drills at the conclusion of each module reinforce content and enhance learning.
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25-item NCLEX®-style tests provided at the end of each module assesses knowledge acquisition.
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Rationales provided for both correct and incorrect answer choices.
Flag for Review feature on module tests allows student to skip a question and go back to it later
with no penalty.
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© 2014 Assessment Technologies Institute®, Inc.
Pharmacology Made Easy 3.0
Features (Continued)
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Individual and group reports can be generated.
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Tests – Time spent and percent correct
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Modules – Time spent and dates accessed
EDUCATOR
IMPLEMENTATION
GUIDE
The Critical Thinking Guide is a quick reference tool that is available within every module. (Look
for the CRITICAL THINKING GUIDE icon.) It presents the essential elements of the ATI Helix of Success.
It reviews:
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Knowledge and clinical judgment
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Priority setting frameworks
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Critically reading test items
Benefits
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Promotes student success in nursing education (traditional, online)
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Introduces drug categories and drugs, as well as reviews related disease processes
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Teaches all students to:
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Understand the pharmacologic action of drugs.
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Anticipate common side and adverse effects of drugs.
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Apply drug knowledge and use proper technique during drug administration.
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Provide needed client education regarding prescribed drugs.
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Avoid giving drugs to clients who could be harmed by their use.
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Recognize potential interactions that can cause adverse and even life-threatening effects.
Provides a quick review of drugs for students outside of their pharmacology course.
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Drug tables provide a quick reference tool for the prototype drugs.
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Drug tables can be used to prepare for drug administration during clinical experience.
Promotes student success on the NCLEX
Provides an excellent review of the most common categories of drugs and their prototypes.
Promotes success in nursing practice
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Monitor for the expected therapeutic effects of drugs.
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Provides an excellent resource for practicing nurses and students in graduate nurse programs.
Supports faculty instructional strategies
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Easy-to-understand and attention-catching format with audiovisual and interactive media.
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Provides initial learning, in-time learning, and content review.
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Can be used for independent study or as an adjunct to a traditional or online
pharmacology course.
Selected modules or categories of drugs can be assigned as an adjunct to lecture in any course.
EDUCATOR IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE www.atitesting.com
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© 2014 Assessment Technologies Institute®, Inc.
Pharmacology Made Easy 3.0
Recommended Use
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Lecture aid
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Classroom discussion
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Independent study
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Preparation for faculty-prepared pharmacology exam
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Preparation for standardized pharmacology exam
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Preparation for clinical practice
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Clinical post-conference
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Remediation activity
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Preparation for NCLEX and other certification exams
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Preparation for initial position post-graduation
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Remediation tool for at-risk students in a pharmacology course
EDUCATOR
IMPLEMENTATION
GUIDE
Implementation Strategies
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES FOR EDUCATORS
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Review Introduction to Pharmacology module at the beginning of a pharmacology course.
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Use modules during pharmacology course to support didactic content.
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Assign students modules/drug categories to review prior to pharmacology class.
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Require completion of modules as a content review prior to in‑class examinations.
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Assign module tests as practice or graded exams.
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Assign modules related to body systems and disorders being studied in other courses.
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Use the Pharmacology Made Easy 3.0 Content Outline on page 8 to assign drugs for review in
each course throughout the curriculum.
ACTIVE INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES FOR EDUCATORS
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Provide students with a clinical scenario, and have them identify potential drugs for the client and
related information.
Develop a quiz-style game using categories of drugs, and have groups of students compete against
each other.
Develop a “What’s My Drug” game by giving a student a drug’s name or drug table and having
other students ask “Yes” or “No” questions in an attempt to guess the name of the drug.
Label each stripe of a beach ball with one of these categories on each stripe: expected action,
therapeutic uses, side effects/adverse effects, medication/food interactions, client education,
nursing administration. Have students gently volley the ball and you say “catch.” The student who
catches the ball will read the first stripe they see. For example, if the student sees therapeutic uses
first, the student says one therapeutic use for the classification of medication.
Cut out the boxes of selected drug tables, and have a group of students attempt to reassemble them.
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© 2014 Assessment Technologies Institute®, Inc.
Pharmacology Made Easy 3.0
Implementation Strategies (Continued)
ACTIVE INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES FOR EDUCATORS (CONTINUED)
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EDUCATOR
Set up an “unsafe” room and have the students not only identify the safety hazards, but IMPLEMENTATION
also create
strategies to fix the problem. Examples include: medication left in the room, an item on the client’s GUIDE
food tray is contraindicated with one of his medications, or the client has an IV medication order
but does not have an IV site.
Role-play the emergency care provided to a client who is in anaphylactic shock.
Have small groups of students plot a graph of the onset, peak, and duration times of various types
of insulin.
Using the Internet, have students make a list of foods and drugs to be avoided by clients on certain
drugs, such as MAO inhibitors, certain antibiotics, and vitamin K.
Have students role-play client teaching about assigned drugs with each other in class. Then, have
them complete the teaching on a peer, standardized and/or hospitalized client.
Have students identify safety alerts, then have them formulate a plan for implementation in the
clinical setting.
Review the drills located at the end of each module as a formative evaluation of student knowledge.
Have students in small groups pull up the drug table for a different category of drug. Then, have
each group add three new safety alerts to their assigned category of drug. Have groups share alerts
in a large group.
Foster rich in-class discussion by viewing video case studies in class with students.
After reviewing a Pharmacology Made Easy 3.0 case study, break students into teams and have students
fill out the Medication Active Learning Template related to the medications on the case study.
Encourage students to use the Nursing Skill Active Learning Template, and review Skills Modules
related to medication administration.
Showcase a selected drug or drug category during a clinical post-conference.
Role-play emergent events, such as anaphylactic shock and cardiac arrest, then debrief. For the
next class period, conduct a student simulation on the same event.
Conduct an ongoing simulation or case study throughout the semester using the same chronically ill
client who is taking several medications. You can add a diagnosis, a fall, and/or hospitalizations.
Simulation – Demonstrate on a high-fidelity manikin the physiological effects medication can
have on the human body. Display the manikin’s vital signs and ECG on a screen in the classroom.
Have the students answer questions as a group through social media, academic portal, or student
response system. Their answers will guide the scenario and prompt nursing interventions. The use
of I-SBAR, I PASS the BATON, or other handoff communication tools and the Medication Active
Learning Template can be integrated.
Simulation – Demonstrate the administration of medications on a manikin or task trainer.
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© 2014 Assessment Technologies Institute®, Inc.
Pharmacology Made Easy 3.0
Implementation Strategies (Continued)
ACTIVE INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES FOR STUDENTS
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EDUCATOR
IMPLEMENTATION
Review categories of drugs prescribed to assigned clients prior to giving drugs during client
care.
GUIDE
Print off drug tables as a quick reference guide.
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Prepare for client care by reviewing the safety alerts for safety warnings.
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Remediate drug administration following an unsuccessful lab demonstration.
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Review Pharmacology Made Easy 3.0 modules, and take module tests prior to taking
ATI Pharmacology, RN Comprehensive Predictor®, and PN Comprehensive Predictor® assessments.
Review Pharmacology Made Easy 3.0 modules, and take module tests prior to taking the NCLEX and
other certification exams.
Recommended Time
MODULES
TIME
DRILLS*
TEST
TIME
Introduction
1 hr
10 items
25 items
25 min
Neurological System (2 parts)
3 hr
20 items
50 items
50 min
Musculoskeletal System
2 hr
10 items
25 items
25 min
Respiratory System
1.5 hr
10 items
25 items
25 min
Cardiovascular System
4 hr
10 items
25 items
25 min
Hematologic System
2 hr
10 items
25 items
25 min
Gastrointestinal System
2 hr
10 items
25 items
25 min
Reproductive and Genitourinary System
2.5 hr
10 items
25 items
25 min
Endocrine System
2.5 hr
10 items
25 items
25 min
Immune System
2.5 hr
10 items
25 items
25 min
Pain and Inflammation
3.5 hr
10 items
25 items
25 min
Infection
1.5 hr
10 items
25 items
25 min
*Add one minute for each drill item.
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PAGE 7
© 2014 Assessment Technologies Institute®, Inc.
Pharmacology Made Easy 3.0
Product Support
At ATI Nursing, we pride ourselves on timely, effective support to meet your needs. Please contact us
EDUCATOR
at 800-667-7531 if you need assistance with this product.
IMPLEMENTATION
GUIDE
Technical Requirements
For optimal testing experience, we recommend a wired
network connection. Full system requirements are available at
http://www.atitesting.com/TechnicalRequirements.aspx.
Content Outline
MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY
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Introduction
Side and adverse effects
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Drug categories
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Tolerance, cumulative effects, and toxicity
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Generic vs. trade or brand name
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Precautions and contraindications
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Prescription vs. nonprescription
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Drug-drug and drug-food interactions
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Pharmaceutics
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Drug therapy across the lifespan
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Pharmacokinetics
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Patient instructions
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Pharmacodynamics
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Summary
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Drills
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Expected pharmacological action and
therapeutic uses
MODULE 2: NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEM (PART 1)
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Introduction – definitions, A&P, common disorders
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Central nervous system depressants
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Drug therapy for sleep disorders
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Benzodiazepine – temazepam (Restoril)
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Non-benzodiazepine – zolpidem (Ambien)
Drug therapy for muscle spasms
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Centrally acting muscle relaxants – baclofen (Lioresal)
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Peripherally acting muscle relaxants – dantrolene (Dantrium)
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© 2014 Assessment Technologies Institute®, Inc.
Pharmacology Made Easy 3.0
Content Outline (Continued)
MODULE 2: NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEM (PART 1) (CONTINUED)
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Hydantoins – phenytoin (Dilantin)
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Iminostilbenes – carbamazepine (Tegretol)
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Valproic acid – valproic acid (Depakote, Depacon, Depakene)
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Other new drugs for seizure disorders
Drug therapy that supports anesthesia
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Local anesthesia – lidocaine (Xylocaine)
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General anesthesia/barbiturates – sodium thiopental (Pentothal)
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General anesthesia/benzodiazepine – midazolam (Versed)
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General anesthesia/opioid – fentanyl (Sublimaze)
CNS stimulants
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EDUCATOR
IMPLEMENTATION
GUIDE
Drug therapy for seizure disorders
Drug therapy for ADHD and narcolepsy
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Amphetamines – amphetamine and dextroamphetamine sulfate (Adderall)
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Methylphenidate – methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta)
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Non-amphetamine – modafinil (Provigil)
Chemical support of neuronal function
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Drug therapy for Parkinson’s disease
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Dopamine-replacement drugs – levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet)
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Direct-acting dopamine receptor agonists – pramipexole (Mirapex)
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Indirect-acting dopamine receptor agonists/MAOs – selegiline (Eldepryl, Zelapar ODT)
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Drug therapy for Alzheimer’s disease
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Cholinesterase inhibitors – donepezil (Aricept, Aricept ODT)
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NMDA receptor antagonist – memantine (Namenda)
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Drug that treat multiple sclerosis
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Immunomodulators – Interferon beta-1a (Avonex, Rebif), Interferon beta 1b (Betaseron)
Drug that treat migraine headaches
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Serotonin agonists – sumatriptan (Imitrex)
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Summary
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Drills
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Case study
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© 2014 Assessment Technologies Institute®, Inc.
Pharmacology Made Easy 3.0
Content Outline (Continued)
MODULE 2: NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEM (PART 2)
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Introduction – definitions, A&P, common disorders
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Psychotherapeutic drugs
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EDUCATOR
IMPLEMENTATION
GUIDE
Drug therapy for anxiety disorders
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Benzodiazepines – diazepam (Valium), alprazolam (Xanax)
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Non-benzodiazepines – buspirone
Drug therapy for depression
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Tricyclic antidepressants – amitriptyline
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SSRIs – fluoxetine (Prozac)
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SNRIs – venlafaxine
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MAOIs – phenelzine (Nardil)
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Atypical antidepressants – bupropion HCL (Wellbutrin)
Drug therapy for bipolar disorder
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Lithium – lithium carbonate (Lithobid)
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Antiepileptic drugs (AED) – valproic acid (Depakote)
Drug therapy for schizophrenia
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Conventional antipsychotics – chlorpromazine
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Atypical antipsychotics – risperidone (Risperdal)
Autonomic nervous system drugs
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Drug therapy for glaucoma
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Beta adrenergic blocker – betaxolol (Betoptic), timolol (Timoptic)
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Cholinergic agonists – pilocarpine (Isopto Carpine)
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Cholinesterase inhibitors – echothiophate (Phospholine Iodide)
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Summary
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Drills
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Case study
MODULE 3: MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
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Introduction – definitions, A&P, common disorders
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Drug therapy for rheumatoid arthritis
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DMARD I – methotrexate
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DMARD II – etanercept (Enbrel)
Drug therapy for osteoporosis
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SERMs – raloxifene (Evista)
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Bisphosphonates – alendronate (Fosamax)
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Calcitonin – calcitonin-salmon (Miacalcin)
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Calcium supplements – calcium citrate (Citracal), calcium carbonate (Tums)
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© 2014 Assessment Technologies Institute®, Inc.
Pharmacology Made Easy 3.0
Content Outline (Continued)
MODULE 3: MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM (CONTINUED)
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Drug therapy for myasthenia gravis
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Cholinesterase inhibitors – neostigmine (Prostigmin), pyridostigmine (Mestinon)
EDUCATOR
IMPLEMENTATION
GUIDE
Drugs with neuromuscular blocking effects
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Neuromuscular blocking agents – succinylcholine (Anectine)
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Summary
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Drills
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Case study
MODULE 4: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
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Introduction – definitions, A&P, common disorders
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Drug therapy for airflow disorders
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Beta2-adrenergic agonists – albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)
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Inhaled anticholinergics – ipratropium (Atrovent, Atrovent HFA)
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Methylxanthines – theophylline (Theo-24, Theolair, Theochron)
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Glucocorticoids
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Oral – prednisone
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Inhalation – beclomethasone dipropionate (QVAR)
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Nasal – beclomethasone (Beconase AQ)
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Mast cell stabilizers – cromolyn (Crolom)
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Leukotriene modifiers – montelukast (Singulair)
Drug therapy for upper respiratory disorders – allergic rhinitis
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H1-receptor antagonists
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Sedating antihistamines – diphenhydramine
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Nonsedating antihistamines – cetirizine (Zyrtec)
Sympathomimetics
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Decongestants – phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
Drug therapy for upper respiratory disorders – cough
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Antitussives
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Opioid – codeine
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Nonopioid – dextromethorphan
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Expectorants – guaifenesin (Mucinex)
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Mucolytics – acetylcysteine
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Summary
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Drills
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Case study
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PAGE 11
© 2014 Assessment Technologies Institute®, Inc.
Pharmacology Made Easy 3.0
Content Outline (Continued)
MODULE 5: THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
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Introduction
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Drug therapy for hypertension
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ACE inhibitors – captopril (Capoten)
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ARBs – losartan (Cozaar)
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Aldosterone antagonists – eplerenone (Inspra)
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Direct renin inhibitors – aliskiren (Tekturna)
Calcium channel blockers – nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia)
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Sympatholytics
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Alpha1 adrenergic blockers – doxazosin (Cardura)
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Beta adrenergic blockers – atenolol (Tenormin), metoprolol (Lopressor)
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Adrenergic neuron blockers – reserpine
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Centrally acting alpha2 agonists – clonidine (Catapres)
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Alpha/beta blockers – carvedilol (Coreg)
Direct acting vasodilators – hydralazine
Drug therapy for heart failure
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RAAS Suppressants
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EDUCATOR
IMPLEMENTATION
GUIDE
Diuretics
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Thiazide diuretics – hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL)
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Loop diuretics – furosemide (Lasix)
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Potassium-sparing diuretics – spironolactone (Aldactone)
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Cardiac glycosides – digoxin (Lanoxin)
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Sympathomimetics – dobutamine
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Phosphodiesterase inhibitors – milrinone (Primacor)
Drug therapy for coronary heart disease
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Antilipemic
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HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) – atorvastatin (Lipitor)
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Fibrates – gemfibrozil (Lopid)
Antianginals
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Nitrates – nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitro-Dur), isosorbide (Isordil)
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© 2014 Assessment Technologies Institute®, Inc.
Pharmacology Made Easy 3.0
Content Outline (Continued)
MODULE 5: THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (CONTINUED)
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EDUCATOR
IMPLEMENTATION
GUIDE
Drug therapy for cardiac dysrhythmias
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Class I/sodium channel blockers
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Class IA – quinidine, procainamide
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Class IB – lidocaine (Xylocaine)
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Class IC – flecainide (Tambocor)
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Class II/beta adrenergic blockers – propranolol (Inderal)
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Class III/potassium channel blockers – amiodarone (Cordarone)
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Class IV/calcium channel blockers – verapamil (Calan)
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Summary
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Drills
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Case study
MODULE 6: THE HEMATOLOGIC SYSTEM
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Introduction – definitions, A&P, common disorders
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Drug therapy for anemia
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Iron deficiency anemia – iron freparations – ferrous sulfate (Feosol), iron dextran (INFeD)
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Pernicious anemia – vitamin B12, cyanocobalamin (Nascobal, Cyanoject)
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Megaloblastic (macrocytic) anemia – folic acid
Drug therapy for bleeding disorders
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Hemophilia
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Factor VIII – plasma-derived (Hemofil-M) or recombinant factor VIII (Advate)
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Factor IX – plasma-derived (AlphaNine SD) or recombinant factor IX (BeneFix)
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Desmopressin – desmopressin (DDAVP, Stimate)
Drug therapy to prevent and dissolve thrombi
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Anticoagulants
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Factor Xa and thrombin inhibitor – heparin
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Factor Xa inhibitor – enoxaparin (Lovenox)
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Vitamin K inhibitor – warfarin (Coumadin)
Antiplatelets
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Salicylics – aspirin (Ecotrin)
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ADP Inhibitors – clopidogrel (Plavix)
Thrombolytics – alteplase (Activase)
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© 2014 Assessment Technologies Institute®, Inc.
Pharmacology Made Easy 3.0
Content Outline (Continued)
MODULE 6: THE HEMATOLOGIC SYSTEM (CONTINUED)
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EDUCATOR
IMPLEMENTATION
GUIDE
Drug therapy the supports hematopoiesis
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Erythropoietic growth factor – epoetin alpha (Epogen, Procrit)
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Leukopoietic growth factor – filgrastim (Neupogen)
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Thrombopoietic growth factors – oprelvekin (Neumega)
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Summary
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Drills
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Case study
MODULE 7: THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
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Introduction – definitions, A&P, common disorders
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Drug therapy for peptic ulcers
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Histamine2-receptor antagonists – ranitidine hydrochloride (Zantac)
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Proton pump inhibitors – omeprazole (Prilosec)
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Mucosal protectant – sucralfate (Carafate)
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Antacids – aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel)
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Prostaglandin E analog – misoprostol (Cytotec)
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Antibiotics – amoxicillin (Amoxil), metronidazole (Flagyl), tetracycline
Drug therapy for nausea
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Serotonin antagonists – ondansetron (Zofran)
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Antihistamines – dimenhydrinate
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Prokinetic – metoclopramide (Reglan)
Drug therapy for constipation
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Fiber supplements – psyllium (Metamucil)
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Stool softeners – docusate sodium (Colace), docusate sodium and senna (Peri-Colace)
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Stimulant laxatives – bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
Drug therapy for diarrhea
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Opioids – diphenoxylate and atropine (Lomotil), loperamide (Imodium)
Drug therapy for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
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5-HT3 serotonin receptor blocker – alosetron (Lotronex)
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Selective chloride channel activator – lubiprostone (Amitiza)
Drug therapy for inflammatory bowel disease
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5-aminosalicylates – sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)
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Immunosuppressants – azathioprine (Imuran)
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Summary
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Drills
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Case study
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PAGE 14
© 2014 Assessment Technologies Institute®, Inc.
Pharmacology Made Easy 3.0
Content Outline (Continued)
MODULE 8: REPRODUCTIVE AND GENITOURINARY SYSTEMS
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Introduction – definitions, A&P, common disorders
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Female reproductive drugs
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Estrogen and progesterone hormones
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Drug therapy for contraception and premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
☐☐
■■
☐☐
■■
Estrogen HRT
▲▲
Oral – conjugated equine estrogen (Premarin)
▲▲
Transdermal – estradiol (Estraderm)
▲▲
Intravaginal – estradiol (Vagifem, Estrace Vaginal Cream)
Estrogen and progesterone HRT
▲▲
Oral – conjugated estrogen and medroxyprogesterone acetate (Prempro)
▲▲
Transdermal – estradiol and norethindrone acetate transdermal system (CombiPatch)
Drug therapy for endometrial hyperplasia and endometriosis
☐☐
GnRH agonist – leuprolide (Lupron, Lupron Depot)
☐☐
Progesterone – medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera)
Ovulation-related hormones
■■
◯◯
Oral contraceptives – ethinyl estradiol and drospirenone (Yasmin)
Drug therapy for menopause
☐☐
◯◯
EDUCATOR
IMPLEMENTATION
GUIDE
Drug therapy for infertility
☐☐
LH and FSH stimulant – clomiphene (Clomid)
☐☐
Ovulation stimulant – hCG (Pregnyl)
☐☐
Hyperprolactinemia inhibitor – cabergoline
Oxytocics
■■
■■
Drug therapy that induces uterine contractions
☐☐
Oxytocin – oxytocin (Pitocin)
☐☐
Ergot alkaloids – methylergonovine (Methergine)
☐☐
Synthetic prostaglandin – dinoprostone (Cervidil)
Drug therapy to accelerate fetal lung maturity
☐☐
■■
Drug therapy to prevent and treat seizures
☐☐
■■
Betamethasone (Celestone)
Magnesium sulfate
Drug therapy that stops uterine contractions
☐☐
Beta2-adrenergic agonists – terbutaline (Brethine)
EDUCATOR IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE www.atitesting.com
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Pharmacology Made Easy 3.0
Content Outline (Continued)
MODULE 8: REPRODUCTIVE AND GENITOURINARY SYSTEMS (CONTINUED)
●●
Male reproductive drugs
◯◯
Testosterone hormone
■■
Drug therapy for replacement of androgens
☐☐
■■
■■
Testosterone – testosterone (Androderm, Delatestryl)
Drug therapy for benign prostatic hypertrophy and outflow disorders
☐☐
5-alpha reductase inhibitor – finasteride (Propecia, Proscar)
☐☐
Alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonists – tamsulosin (Flomax)
Drug therapy for erectile dysfunction
☐☐
●●
EDUCATOR
IMPLEMENTATION
GUIDE
PDE5 inhibitor – sildenafil (Viagra)
Urinary tract drugs
◯◯
Drug therapy for urinary incontinence/over-active bladder
■■
◯◯
Anticholinergics – oxybutynin chloride (Ditropan)
Drug therapy for urinary retention
■■
Cholinergics – bethanechol (Urecholine)
●●
Summary
●●
Drills
●●
Case study
MODULE 9: THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
●●
Introduction – definitions, A&P, common disorders
●●
Drug therapy for diabetes mellitus
◯◯
◯◯
◯◯
Oral hypoglycemics
■■
Sulfonylureas – glipizine (Glucotrol)
■■
Meglitinides – repaglinide (Prandin)
■■
Biguanides – metformin (Glucophage)
■■
Thiazolidinediones – pioglitazone (Actos)
■■
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors – acarbose (Precose)
■■
Gliptins – sitagliptin (Januvia)
Injectable hypoglycemics
■■
Insulin – lispro (Humalog), Regular (Humulin R), NPH (Humulin N), insulin glargine (Lantus)
■■
Amylin mimetics – pramlintide (Symlin)
■■
Incretin mimetics – exenatide (Byetta)
Hyperglycemics – glucagon (GlucaGen)
EDUCATOR IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE www.atitesting.com
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© 2014 Assessment Technologies Institute®, Inc.
Pharmacology Made Easy 3.0
Content Outline (Continued)
MODULE 9: THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (CONTINUED)
●●
●●
●●
EDUCATOR
IMPLEMENTATION
GUIDE
Drug therapy for thyroid disorders
◯◯
Thyroid replacements – levothyroxine (Synthroid)
◯◯
Antithyroid drugs
■■
Propylthiouracil – propylthiouracil (PTU)
■■
Radioactive iodine – iodine-131 (131I, Iodotope)
Drug therapy for hypothalamic disorders
◯◯
Growth hormone – somatropin (Genotropin, Nutropin, Humatrope, Serostim)
◯◯
Antidiuretic hormone – desmopressin (DDAVP, Stimate, Minirin )
Drug therapy for adrenal disorders
◯◯
Glucocorticoids – hydrocortisone (Solu-Cortef)
◯◯
Mineralocorticoids – fludrocortisone (Florinef)
●●
Summary
●●
Drills
●●
Case study
MODULE 10: THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
●●
Introduction – definitions, A&P, common disorders
●●
Drug therapy to prevent disease
●●
◯◯
Childhood vaccines
◯◯
Adult and older adult vaccines
Drug therapy for cancer
◯◯
Cytotoxic drugs
■■
■■
Antimetabolites
☐☐
Folic acid analog – methotrexate
☐☐
Pyrimidine analog – cytarabine (Cytosar-U, DepoCyt)
☐☐
Purine analogs – mercaptopurine (Purinethol)
Alkylating agents
☐☐
Nitrogen mustards – cyclophosphamide
☐☐
Nitrosoureas – carmustine (BiCNU)
■■
Platinum compounds – cisplatin
■■
Antitumor antibiotics
☐☐
■■
■■
Anthracyclines – doxorubicin (Adriamycin, Doxil)
Antimitotics
☐☐
Vinca alkaloid – vincristine
☐☐
Taxanes – paclitaxel (Taxol, Abraxane)
Topoisomerase inhibitors – topotecan (Hycamtin)
EDUCATOR IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE www.atitesting.com
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© 2014 Assessment Technologies Institute®, Inc.
Pharmacology Made Easy 3.0
Content Outline (Continued)
MODULE 10: THE IMMUNE SYSTEM (CONTINUED)
◯◯
◯◯
Hormonal agents
■■
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists – leuprolide (Lupron, Lupron Depot)
■■
Androgen receptor blockers – flutamide
■■
Estrogen receptor blockers – tamoxifen (Soltamox)
■■
Aromatase inhibitors – anastrozole (Arimidex)
■■
Monoclonal antibody – trastuzumab (Herceptin)
Biologic response modifiers
■■
◯◯
Interferon – interferon alfa-2a (Roferon-A), interferon alfa-2b (Intron A)
Targeted antineoplastic drugs
■■
●●
EDUCATOR
IMPLEMENTATION
GUIDE
BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor – imatinib (Gleevec)
Drug therapy for HIV
◯◯
Antiretrovirals
■■
■■
Viral entry blockers
☐☐
Entry and infusion inhibitors – enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)
☐☐
CCR5 antagonist – maraviroc (Selzentry)
Enzyme inhibitors
☐☐
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) – zidovudine (Retrovir)
☐☐
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) – delavirdine (Rescriptor)
☐☐
Integrase inhibitor – raltegravir (Isentress)
☐☐
Protease inhibitors (PIs) – ritonavir (Norvir)
●●
Summary
●●
Drills
●●
Case study
MODULE 11: PAIN AND INFLAMMATION
●●
Introduction – definitions, A&P, common disorders
●●
Drug therapy for pain
◯◯
◯◯
◯◯
Nonopioid analgesics
■■
NSAIDs (COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors) – aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
■■
NSAIDs (COX-2 inhibitor) – celecoxib (Celebrex)
■■
Acetaminophen – acetaminophen (Tylenol)
■■
Centrally acting nonopiods – tramadol (Ultram)
Opioid analgesics
■■
Opioid agonists – morphine
■■
Opioid agonist-antagonists – butorphanol, pentazocine (Talwin)
Opioid antagonists – naloxone
EDUCATOR IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE www.atitesting.com
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© 2014 Assessment Technologies Institute®, Inc.
Pharmacology Made Easy 3.0
Content Outline (Continued)
MODULE 11: PAIN AND INFLAMMATION (CONTINUED)
●●
EDUCATOR
IMPLEMENTATION
GUIDE
Drug therapy for inflammation
◯◯
Uricosurics (fout) – allopurinol (Zyloprim)
◯◯
Glucocorticoids – prednisone
●●
Summary
●●
Drills
●●
Case study
MODULE 12: INFECTION
●●
Introduction – definitions, A&P, common disorders
●●
Drug therapy for bacterial infections
◯◯
◯◯
◯◯
Drugs that interfere with cell wall synthesis
■■
Penicillins – amoxicillin (Amoxil), amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (Augmentin)
■■
Cephalosporins – cephalexin (Keflex)
■■
Monobactams – aztreonam (Azactam)
■■
Carbapenem – imipenem and cilastatin (Primaxin)
■■
Vancomycin – vancomycin (Vancocin)
Antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis
■■
Tetracyclines – tetracycline
■■
Macrolides – erythromycin
■■
Aminoglycosides – gentamicin
Drugs that inhibit DNA replication or cell division
■■
●●
Drug therapy for urinary tract and other bacterial infections
◯◯
●●
Sulfonamides – trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra)
■■
Urinary tract antiseptics – nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin)
Antimicobacterials – isoniazid (INH, Nydrazid-IM form), rifampin (Rifadin)
Drug therapy for parasitic infections
◯◯
●●
Drugs that inhibit folic acid synthesis
■■
Drug therapy for tuberculosis
◯◯
●●
Fluoroquinolones – ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Antiparasitics – metronidazole (Flagyl), chloroquine (Aralen)
Drug therapy for fungal infections
◯◯
Antifungals
■■
Polyene antibiotics – amphotericin B (Fungizone)
■■
Azoles – ketoconazole
EDUCATOR IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE www.atitesting.com
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© 2014 Assessment Technologies Institute®, Inc.
Pharmacology Made Easy 3.0
Content Outline (Continued)
MODULE 12: INFECTION (CONTINUED)
●●
EDUCATOR
IMPLEMENTATION
GUIDE
Drug therapy for viral infections
◯◯
Antivirals – acyclovir (Zovirax)
●●
Summary
●●
Drills
●●
Case study
References
Berman, A. J., and Snyder S. (2012). Kozier & Erb’s fundamentals of nursing: Concepts, process, and
practice (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Ford, S. M., & Roach, S. S. (2014). Roach’s introductory clinical pharmacology (10th ed.). Philadelphia:
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Ignatavicius, D. D., & Workman, M. L. (2013). Medical-surgical nursing (7th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders.
Kozier, B., Erb, G., Berman, A. J., & Burke, K. (2011). Fundamentals of nursing (9th ed.).
Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Lehne, R. A. (2013). Pharmacology for nursing care (8th ed.). St. Louis: Saunders.
Lilley, L. L., Rainforth-Collins, S., & Snyder, J. S. (2014). Pharmacology and the nursing process (7th Ed.).
St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
Lowdermilk, D. L., Perry, S. E., Cahsion, M.C., & Aldean, K.R. (2012). Maternity & women’s health care
(10th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
Pillitteri, A. (2014). Maternal and child health nursing: Care of the childbearing and childrearing family
(7th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Potter, P. A., Perry, A. G., Stockert, P., & Hall, A. (2012). Fundamentals of nursing (8th ed.).
St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. http://www.fda.gov.
Wilson, B. A., Shannon, M. T., & Shields, K. M. (2014). Pearson nurse’s drug guide.
Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
EDUCATOR IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE www.atitesting.com
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© 2014 Assessment Technologies Institute®, Inc.