BANK4STUDY
Profit & Loss – A Quants Chapter
By Bank4Study
Author – Team B4S
2015-2016
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Profit & Loss
Cost Price (C.P.) : The Price at which an
article is purchased, is called its cost
price.
Price Selling (S.P.) : The Price at which
an article is sold, is called its selling price.
Profit (Gain): When S.P. > C.P., then there
is profit, and Profit = S.P. – C.P.
Loss: When C.P. > S.P., then there is loss,
and Loss = C.P. – S.P.
1. Profit % = (
Profit
C.P.
× 100) %
Loss
2. Loss % = ( C.P. × 100) %
C.P × (100 + Profit %)
3. S.P = (
)
100
C.P × (100 − Loss %)
4. S.P = (
100
)
S.P ×100
5. C.P = ( (100 + Profit %))
S.P ×100
6. C.P = ( (100 − Loss %))
Note : Gain % or loss % is always
calculated on C.P.
Discount - A discount is a reduction in
the marked (or list) price of an article.
“20% discount “means a reduction of
20% in the marked price of an article.
For example, if the marked price of an
article is Rs 100, it is sold for Rs 80, i.e. Rs
20 less than the marked price.
Marked Price (or List price): The seller
marks the goods mare than the cost price
in order to earn a profit. This addition to
cost price is called Mark Up Price & this
mark up value added to cost price is
called Marked Price. Since this price is
written (marked) on the article, so it is
called the marked price.
Marked Price = CP + Mark Up Price
Selling price (S.P.): In case of discount
selling, the price of the article obtained by
subtracting discount from the marked
price is called the Selling price (S.P.).
S.P = Marked Price - Discount
The discount percent is always calculated
on the Marked Price unless specified.
Discount
Discount percent = Marked Price × 100
If there are two successive profits of x%
and y% in a transaction then the resultant
profit percent is
xy
= (x + y + 100)
If there is a profit of x% and loss of y% in
a transaction, then the resultant profit
and loss percent is
xy
= (x − y − 100)
Where the S.P of two articles is same and
one is sold at the loss of x% and another
is sold at a profit of x% or If profit% and
loss% is same and S.P is same then
x2
= (10) (In these cases there will be always
Loss)
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If cost price of x articles is equal to the
selling price of y articles, then profit
percent.
CP – SP
=(
SP
× 100)
If a trader professes to sell his goods at
cost price, but uses false weights, then
Error
Gain% = ((True Value)– (Error) × 100)
Solved Question Based on IBPS & SBI Exam Pattern
1. A shopkeeper buys an article for Rs. 360 and sells it for Rs. 270. Find his gain or loss
percent.
Solution: Here C.P. = Rs. 360, and S.P. = Rs. 270
Since C.P. > S.P., ∴ there is a loss.
Loss = C.P. – S.P. = Rs (360 – 270) = Rs. 90
Loss
Loss % = ( C.P. × 100) %
90
= 360 × 100 = 25%
2. Sudan purchased a house for Rs 4,52,000 and spent Rs 28,000 on its repairs. She had to
sell it for Rs 4,92,000. Find her gain or loss percent.
Solution: Here C.P. = Cost price + Overhead charges
= Rs (452000 + 28000) = Rs 4,80,000
S.P. = Rs4,92,000
Since, S.P. > C.P., ∴ Gain = (492000 – 480000) = Rs12000
Gain % =
12000 × 100
48000
= 2.5%
3. By selling a book for Rs 258, a publisher gains 20%. For how much should he sell it to
gain 30%?
S.P. = Rs. 258
Profit = 20%
S.P ×100
C.P = ( (100 + Profit %))
=
258 × 100
120
= 215
Now, if Profit = 30% and C.P. = Rs. 215, then,
C.P × (100 + Profit %)
S.P = (
=
215 × 130
100
100
)
= Rs 279.50
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4. A man bought oranges at 25 for Rs 100 and sold them at 20 for Rs 100. Find his gain or
loss percent.
Solution: C.P. of 25 oranges = Rs 100
∴ C.P. of 1 orange = Rs
100
25
and S.P. of 1 orange = Rs
= Rs 4
100
20
= Rs 5
∴ Profit on 1 orange = Rs (5 – 4) = Rs 1
1
Profit % = 4 × 100 = 25 %
5. A man sold two horses for Rs 29700 each. On one he lost 10% while he gained 10% on
the other. Find his total gain or loss percent in the transaction.
Solution: S.P. of first horse = Rs 29700
Loss = 10%
C.P =
29700 × 100
90
= Rs 33000
S.P. of 2nd horse = RS 29700
Profit = 10%
C.P =
29700 × 100
110
= Rs 27000
Total CP = Rs (33000 + 27000) = Rs 60,000
Total SP = Rs (2 × 29700) = Rs 59400
Net Loss = Rs (60000 – 59400) = Rs 600
600
Loss % = 60000 × 100
6. The cost price of 15 articles is equal to the selling price of 12 articles. Find the gain
percent.
Solution: Let the C.P. of 15 articles be Rs 15
then S.P. of 12 articles = Rs 15
15
S.P. of 15 articles = 12 × 15 = Rs
Gain =
75
4
Gain % =
− 15 =
15
4
15
75
4
15
4
× 100 = 25%
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7. A watch was sold at a profit of 12%. Had it been sold for Rs 33 more, the profit would
have been 14%. Find the cost price of the watch.
Solution: Let the cost price of the watch be Rs x
x ×112
112x
S.P = 100 = 100
If the watch is sold for Rs. 33 more than S.P. =
112x
100
+ 33
New profit = 14%
C.P = x =
(
112x
+33) ×100
100
114
or 114x = 112 x + 3300 or 2x = 3300
x = 1650 or C.P. = Rs 1650
8. A coat is marked at Rs 2400. Find its selling price if a discount of 12% is offered.
Solution: Here, Marked Price (M.P.) of the coat = Rs 2400
Discount = 12%
Net selling price (S.P.) = M.P. – Discount
= Rs 2400 – 12% of Rs 2400
12
= Rs 2400 – (100 × 2400)
= Rs 2112
9. A machine listed at Rs 8400 is available for Rs 6300. Find the rate of discount offered.
Solution: Here, Marked Price (M.P.) = Rs 8400
Net selling price (S.P.) = Rs 6300
Discount offered = Rs (8400 – 6300) = Rs 2100
2100
Discount % = 8400 × 100% = 25%
Note: Discount is always calculated on Marked Price.
10. A wholesaler’s list price of a fan is Rs 1250 and is available to a retailer at a discount of
20%. For how much should the retailer sell it, to earn a profit of 15%.
Solution: M.P. = Rs 1250
Discount = 20% of Rs 1250 =
20
= 100 × 1250 = 250
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∴ Cost Price of the retailer = Rs (1250 – 250) = Rs 1000
Profit = 15%
C.P × (100 + Profit %)
1000 × 115
100
100
S.P = (
)=
= Rs 1150
11. A shopkeeper marks his goods 25% more than their cost price and allows a discount of
10%. Find his gain or loss percent.
Solution: Let the C.P. of an article = Rs 100
∴ Marked Price (M.P.) = Rs 100 + 25% of Rs 100
= Rs 125
Discount offered = 10%
Net selling Price = Rs 125 – 10% of Rs 125
10
= 125 − (100 × 125) = Rs 112.50
∴ Gain = Rs (112.50 – 100) = Rs 12.50
Gain % =
12.50
100
× 100 = 12.5%
12. An article listed at Rs 5400 is offered at a discount of 15%. Due to festival season, the
shopkeeper allows a further discount of 5%. Find the selling price of the article.
Solution: M.P. = Rs 5400, Discount = 15%
∴ SP = Rs 5400 – 15% of Rs 5400
15
= 5400 − 100 × 5400 = Rs 4590
Festival discount = 5%
∴ Net selling Price = Rs 4590 – 5% of Rs 4590
5
== 4590 − 100 × 4590
= Rs (4590 – 229.50)
= Rs 4360.50
∴ Net selling price of article = Rs 4360.50
13. A retailer buys books from a wholesaler at the rate of Rs 300 per book and marked
them at Rs 400 each. He allows some discount and gets a profit of 30% on the cost price.
What percent discount does he allow to his customers?
Solution: C.P. of one book = Rs 300
M.P. = Rs 400
Profit = 30%
C.P × (100 + Profit %)
300 × 130
100
100
S.P = (
)=
= Rs 390
∴ Discount offered = Rs (400 – 390) = Rs 10
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10
Discount % = 400 × 100 = 2.5%
14. A man sells two horses for Rs. 4000 each neither losing nor gaining in the deal. If he
sold one horse at a gain of 25%, the other horse would be sold at a loss of:
25x
Ans: Let the other horse be sold at x% loss = 25 − x − 100 = 0
= x = 20%
15. A shopkeeper mixes two varieties of tea, one costing Rs. 35 per kg and another at Rs. 45
per kg. in the ratio 3:2. If he sells the mixed variety at Rs. 41.60 per kg. what is his gain or
loss percent?
Ans: - C.P of 5 kg. mix = Rs. (35 × 3 + 45 × 2) = Rs. 195
S.P. of 5 kg. mix = Rs. (41.60 × 5) = Rs. 208
Gain = Rs. (208 - 195) = Rs. 13
13
Gain % = 195 × 100 =
20
3
%
16. The cost price of 10 articles is equal to the selling price of 9 articles. Find the gain
percent.
Ans: Let the CP of 1 article = Rs. 1
Then CP of 9 articles = Rs. 9
CP of 10 articles = Rs. 10
SP of 9 articles = Rs. 10
Gain =
10−9
10
× 100 =
100
9
%
17. A Shopkeeper sells Sugar at a profit of 10% and uses weights which are 20% less than
the marked weight. The total gain earned by him will be
Ans: Let us consider a packet of Sugar marked 1 Kg.
Then its actual weight = 80% of 1Kg. = 0.8 Kg.
Let C.P. of 1 Kg be Rs. x
Then C.P. of 0.8Kg = Rs. 0.8 x
110
Now, S.P. = 110% of C.P. of 1 Kg = 100 × x = RS 1.1x
0.3x
Gain % = 0.8x × 100 = 37.5%
18. Two-third of a consignment was sold at a profit of 5% and the remainder at a loss of
2%. If the total profit was Rs.400, the value of the consignment (in rupees) was?
Let the value of the consignment is Rs. X
=
2x
3
× 5% −
1x
3
× 2% = 400
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==
2x
3
10x
5
× 100 −
1x
3
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2
× 100 = 400
2x
= 300 − 30 = 400
X = 15000
19. An article when sold at a gain of 5% yields Rs.15 more than when sold at a loss of 5%.
What is the cost price?
Solution : Let the cost price is x
5% gain =
5% loss =
=
105x
100
100 + 5
105
= 100
100
100 − 5
100
95
= 100
95x
− 100 = 15
105x−95x
= 100 = 15
= x = 150
20. Profit after selling a commodity for Rs. 425 is the same as the loss after selling it for Rs.
355. What is the cost of the commodity?
Profit = Selling Price – Cost Price
Assume cost Price = x
P = 425 –x
425 – x = 355 +x
425 – 355 = 2x
70 = 2x
X = 35
P = 425 – 35 = 390
21. A man bought some oranges at Rs.10 per dozen and bought the same number of
oranges at Rs.8 per dozen. He sold these oranges at Rs.11 per dozen and gained Rs. 120.
The total number of oranges bought by him was ?
Ans : Cost price:
1 dozen oranges = Rs. 10
1 dozen oranges = Rs. 8
2 dozen oranges = Rs. 18
1 dozen oranges = Rs. 9
Selling price:
1 dozen oranges = Rs. 11
Profit per dozen is Rs. 2
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Therefore x dozen x profit = Rs. 120
120
x= 2
X = 60 dozen
22. A man bought apples at the rate of 8 for Rs.34 and sold them at the rate of 12 for Rs.57.
How many apples should be sold to earn a net profit of Rs. 45?
Ans : To find cost price per apple:
8 apples = Rs. 34
1 apple = Rs. 4.25
Selling price per apple:
12 apples = Rs. 57
1 apple = Rs. 4.75
Profit per apple = selling price – cost price
4.75 – 4.25 = .50
Therefore X × 0.50 = 45
X = Rs. 90
23. Toffees are bought at the rate of 3 for a rupee. To gain 50% they must be sold at?
Ans : Let 3 toffees cost price is Re.1
1
So 1 toffee cost price is 3
So
So
1
3
1
3
1
+ ( × 50%)= x
3
1
+ (3 ×
50
100
)= x
1
So x = 2
Hence 2 toffees for a rupee.
24. Ajay bought 15 kg of dhal at the rate of Rs.14.50 per kg and 10kg at the rate of Rs.13 per
kg. He mixed the two and sold the mixture at the rate of Rs.15 per kg. What was his total
gain in this transaction?
Ans : 15 × 14.50 = 217.5
10 × 13 = 130
The difference rate is
15 (15 – 14.50)
= 15 × 0.50 = 7.5
10 (15 – 13)
=10 × 2 = 20.0
Total = 27.5
Answer = Rs. 27.50
1
25. A shopkeeper on selling a pen for Rs.10 loses 11 of what it costs him. His cost price is
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1
Ans : Given Loss is 11 of Cost Price
1
11
CP = CP – 10
1
10 = CP - 11 CP
11CP − 1CP
10 =
CP = 11
11
26. By selling a pen for Rs.15, a man loses one sixteenth of what it costs him. The cost of the
pen is
Ans : Let us assume cost price is x
1x
So x – 15 = 16
X = 16
*26. If the selling price of 18 articles is equal to the CP of 21 articles then the loss or gain
percent is?
Ans = (
=
21−18
18
2
CP – SP
SP
× 100)
× 100
= 16 3 % profit
27. If the cost price of 12 tables is equal to the selling price of 16 tables, then the loss
percent is?
CP – SP
=(
SP
12 – 16
=(
16
× 100)
× 100)
= 25% loss
28. Rahim buys mangoes at the rate of 3kg for Rs.21 and sells them at 5kg for Rs.50. To
earn Rs.102 as profit, he must sell mangoes for?
Ans : CP 3 kg Mangoes Rs 21 Þ 1 kg = Rs. 7
SP of 5 kg Mangoes Rs 50 Þ 1 kg = 10
Difference for 1 kg is (10-7) = 3
1 kg = Rs.3
So ? = Rs.102
102
3
= 34 kg
29. I sold a book at a profit of 16%. Had I sold it for Rs. 18 more, 20% would have been
gained. Find the cost price.
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Ans: Here 120% of C.P ̶ 116% of C.P. = Rs. 18
4% of cost = Rs.18
C.P =
18×100
4
CP = Rs 450
Or
More Gain ×100
C.P = Diff in percentage profit
CP =
18×100
20−16
= Rs 450
30. A discount series of 10%, 20% and 40% is equal to a single discount of
Ans: Equivalent single discount
60
80
= 100 − 100 × 100 × 90
= 56.8%
Let’s do some practice
1. A Kg of tea costs Rs 49.50. But the supplier gives 10 gms less for every Kg he sold. What
is the actual cost?
(a) 49.001
(b) 49.005
(c) 49.01
(d) 49.05
2. An article is listed at Rs.65. A customer bought this article for Rs.56.16 and got two
successive discounts of which one is 10%. Find the other discount of this scheme.
a) 4%
b) 3%
c) 6%
d) None
3. A cash payment that will settle a bill for 250 chairs at Rs.50 per chair less 20% and 15%
with a further discount of 5% on cash payment is
a) Rs.7025 b) Rs.8075 c) Rs.8500 d) None
4. A person sells walkmans at Rs.1134 each after giving a discount of 19% on the marked
price. Had he not given the discount, he would have earned a profit of 40% on the cost
price. The C.P. of each walkman is …..
a) Rs.1000 b) Rs.1200 c) Rs.1400
d) None
5. Rajesh sells tape recorder to Harish at a loss of 10% and Harish sells it to Karim at a loss
of
20%. If Karin pays Rs.1440 for it, at what price did Rajesh buy?
a) Rs.1920 b) Rs.1200 c) Rs.1800
d) None
6. Andrew sells a scooter to his friend at 10% loss. If the friend sells it for Rs.54000 and
gains
20% find the original cost price of the scooter.
a) Rs.50000 b) Rs.45000 c) Rs.40000 d) None
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7. A sells an article to B at a profit of 10% and B sells it to C at a profit of 20%. Find the
resultant profit.
a) 35%
b) 20%
c) 32%
d) None
8. A manufacturer sells an article to a wholesale dealer at a profit of 20% and the wholesale
dealer sells it to a retail merchant at a loss of 5%. Find the resultant profit or loss%
a) 14% loss b) 14% gain c) 12% gain d) None
9. A man sold two watches for Rs.3750 each; on one he gained 5% and on the other he lost
20%. Find his gain or loss% in the whole transaction.
1
1
1
a) 14 % loss b) 2 %gain
c) 4 % gain d) None
10. A man sells two articles, each for the same price of Rs.640. He earns 20% profit on the
first and 40% profit on the second. Find his overall profit %.
1
1
3
a) 292 %
b) 28 2 %
c) 29 13 %
4) None
11. Raja buys a watch for Rs.350 and sells it for Rs.392. Find his profit percentage.
a) 9%
b) 12%
c) 14%
d) None
12. Kumar purchased an article for Rs.5200 and spent Rs.800 on its repair. He had to sell it
for
Rs.5500. Find his profit or loss percentage.
1
1
a) 83 % loss b) 72 % profit
c) 9% loss
d) None
13. A tooth paste marked Rs.80 is sold for Rs.68. Find the rate of discount.
a) 12%
b) 14%
c) 15%
d) None
14. Mr. Sharma bought 200 dozen mangoes at Rs.10 per dozen. He spent Rs.500 on
transportation. He sold them at Rs.1 each. Find the profit or loss%.
a) 4%
b) 6%
c) 5%
d) None
15. Mr. Shekar sold his bike for Rs.10500 at a profit of 5%. Find the C.P. of the bike.
a) Rs.10300 b) Rs.10700
c) Rs.10000
d) None
16. Sujan buys a binocular for Rs.1800 and sells it at 10% loss. Find its S.P.
a) Rs.1620 b) Rs.1730
c) Rs.1650 d) None
17. Ravi purchased 120 rims of paper at Rs.80 per rim. He spent Rs.280 on transportation,
paid tax at the rate of 40 paisa per rim and also paid Rs.72 to the workers. He wants to gain
8% then find the S.P. per rim.
a) Rs.89
b) Rs.90
c) Rs.95
d) None
18. A shopkeeper loses 7% by selling an item for Rs.31. For how much should he sell the
ball so as to gain 5%?
a) Rs.50
b) Rs.65
c) Rs.35
d) None
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19. A shopkeeper sold some articles at Rs.35 per article and gained 40% on it. What would
be the S.P. of each article if he wants to gain 60% profit?
a) Rs.40
b) Rs.45
c) Rs.50
d) None
20. A man bought oranges at the rate of 6 for Rs.20 and sold them at 4 for Rs.16. Find his
estimated profit%.
a) 23%
b) 18%
c) 20%
d) None
21. X sold an article to Y. Y gave X Rs.20. X gives the 20 rupee to Z and gets change. He gives
Rs.12 back to Y. Y left with the article. Now Z comes back to X and says that the 20 rupee
note was counterfeit and demanded refund. X gave 20 rupees to Z. Now, if X had been
selling the article at 100% profit, how much has X lost in the whole transaction?
a) 20
b) 25
c) 33
d) 16
Solution : 12 rupees + cost price of article = 12 rupees + 4 rupees (because 100% profit) =
16 rupees.
22. A coffee seller has two types of coffee Brand A costing 5 bits per pound and Brand B
costing 3 bits per pound. He mixes two brands to get a 40 pound mixture. He sold this at 6
bits per pound. The seller gets a profit of 33 ½ percent. How much he has used Brand A in
the mixture?
a) 8 pounds b) 1.25 pounds
c) 30 pounds
d) Can’t be determined.
23. If a radio is purchased for Rs 490 and sold for Rs 465.50 find the loss%?
a) 5%
b) 25%
c) 26%
d) None of these
24. The price of an article including the sales tax is Rs 616.The rate of sales tax is 10%,if the
shopkeeper has made a profit of 12%,then the cost price of the article is?
a) 500
b) 600
c) 200
d) can’t be determined
100
100
Solution : 616 × 110 price before sales tax =560 cost = 560 × 112= 500 Cost
25. Vidin bought paper sheets for Rs 7200 and spent Rs 200 on transport. Paying Rs 600, he
had 330 boxes made, which he sold at Rs 28 each. His profit percentage is
a)8%
b) 15.5%
c) 20%
d) 5%
26. A person earns 15% on investment but loses 10% on another investment .If the ratio of
the two investments be 3:5, what is the gain or loss on the two investments taken together?
a)4%
b) 2%
c) 1%
d) 0.63%
27. The profit earned by selling an article for Rs 900 is double the loss incurred when the
same article is sold for Rs 450 .At what price should the article be sold to make 25% profit?
a) 120
b) 750
c) 250
d) 720
28. If an article is sold at 5% gain instead of 5% loss, the seller gets Rs 6.72 more. The C.P of
the article is?
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a) 12.2
b) 5.20
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c)67.2
d) 9.22
29. A person sells 2 items for Rs. 12 each. For one he profits 25% and for the other he
losses 20%. Altogether did he loss or gain? And by how much?
a) 21p
b) 22p
c) 18p
d) 60p
30. Swan bought 15 apples for Rs.10 and sold them at the rate of 12 apples for Rs.12. What
is the percentage of profit made by her?
a) 45%
b) 35%
c) 27%
d) 50%
31. The percentage by which the marked price exceeds the cost price of an article and the
percentage of discount allowed on the article are in the ratio of 3:2. If it is sold at the cost
price, what is the percentage of discount allowed?
1
a) 20%
b) 25%
c) 333 %
d) 50%
Solution : If CP is raised by 3x %, the discount should be 2x %. Also, after discount SP=CP
=> increase of 3x% X decrease of 2x%. From inspection, 33.33% discount => 50% increase
(since 3:2) and 1.5 X 0.6666 = 1.
32. The purchase prices of three articles are in the ratio 3:4:5 the first one is sold at a profit
of 10% and the second at a loss of 7.5%. If the overall percentage of profit or loss of the first
two articles is the same as the percentage profit or loss of all the articles taken together,
what is the percentage of profit or loss in the case of the third article?
a) 8.75
b) 1.25
c) 0
d) Can’t be determined.
Solution : CP of first two articles is in ration of 3:4. So for 2 articles, gain/loss % = (3/7) X10
– (4/7) X7.5 = 0. So, overall profit/loss% = 0 => (3/12) X10 – (4/12) X7.5 + (5/12) x = 0 =>
x=0%.
33. A dishonest oil merchant claims that he gets a profit of only 5% but he gives only one
liter of oil instead of 1kg. If 1.25 liter of oil weighs 1kg what is his overall percentage of
profit
a)31.25%
b) 25%
c) 26%
d) None of these
Solution : Overall profit = 1.05 X (1.25/1) = 1.3125 => 31.25% gain
34. A fruit vendor sells mangoes and bananas and gets equal revenue from each. He gets a
profit of 20% on each mango and a profit of 25% on each banana. If the ratio of the number
of bananas sold to the number of mangoes sold is 4:1, what is the ratio of the cost price of a
banana to that of a mango?
a)1:5
b) 6:25
c) 2:9
d) Can’t be determined
Solution : For mango, SP = 1.2 CPm and for banana SP = 1.25 CPb. Revenue from mango
revenue from banana => 1.2 CPm = 4 X 1.25 CPb (since they are sold in ratio of 1:4) So,
CPb/CPm = 6:25.
35. A trader buys 150 pens for Rs.1000 and he marks each of them at Rs.10. He gives a
discount of 20% on each pen and he gives 1 pen free on bulk purchases of 9 pens. What is
his minimum possible overall percentage of profit?
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a)8%
b) 10%
c) 20%
d) 5%
Solution : 150 pens for Rs.1000 => total CP = 1000. 1 pen free for every 9 pens => he can
sell 135 pens (for least possible profit) SP of each pen = 10 and discount = 20% => SP = 8.
Total SP = 135 X 8 = 1080 => SP/CP = 1080/1000 = 1.08 => 8%.
36. A trader gives a discount on an article such that the profit as a percent of marked price
is the same as the discount as a percent of cost price. What is the ratio of the actual profit
percentage to the actual discount percentage of the article?
a) 4:1
b) 2:1
c) 1:2
d) Can’t be determined
Solution: Profit% of MP = discount% of CP => profit%/discount% can’t be determined
without the values of MP and CP.
37. The cost price of a computer is Rs.1000 less than the selling price of a television and the
selling price of the computer is 30% more than the cost price of the television. If the selling
price of the computer is 4% more than the selling price of the television, what is the
percentage of profit on selling the television?
a)20%
b) 25%
c) 162/3% d) Can’t be determined.
Solution: CP computer = SP TV – 1000 and SP computer = 1.3 X CP TV. SP Computer =
1.04 SP TV => 1.3 CP TV = 1.04 SP TV => SP/CP = 1.25 => 25% gain.
38. The marked prices of two articles are in the ratio of 1:2, their discount percentages are
also in the ratio of 1:2 and the profit they get is also in the ratio of 1:2. What is the ratio of
their cost price
a)1:2
b) 5:8
c) 2:5
d) Can’t be determined
Solution: Without the knowledge of at least one of the prices the ratio of CP’s can’t be
Determined
39. A trader purchases two watches. He marks the first one up by Rs.200 over the cost price
and gives a discount of 20% on it. The second one he marks up by 50% and gives a discount
of Rs.160. If he gains 15% on both the watches put together and 8% on the first alone, what
is the percentage of profit on the second watch?
a)21%
b) 22%
c) 18.5%
d) Can’t be determined
Solution : MP1 = CP1 + 200 and discount = 20%.Also MP2 = 1.5CP2 and discount = Rs. 160.
Also SP1/CP1 = 8% gain. With this information it can’t be said what is the profit % on 2nd
watch
40. Jawed sells 2,000 mangoes in a week. He recovers his total cost by selling first 1,200
Mangoes. He sells the next 300 Mangoes for a loss of 20% and he sells the last 500 Mangoes
for a loss of 40%. What is his overall percentage of profit?
a)45%
b) 35%
c) 27%
d) 12.5%
Solution : 300 sold at loss of 20% and 500 old at a loss of 40% => loss% = (3/8)X20 +
(5/8)X40 = 32.5 => loss factor = 0.675 Already he got a gain by SP of 1200 = CP of 2000.
So overall profit % = (2000/1200) X 0.675 = 1.125 => 12.5% gain.
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41. A person loses 10% on one investment but gains 20% on another. If the ratio of the
investments is 3:4, what is the percentage of gain or loss on the two investments taken
together?
61
41
111
a) 8 %
b) 7 %
c) 9 %
d) None of these
42. A trader professes to sell all articles at a loss of 25%, but sells three-fifth of them at a
gain of 25% and the remaining at a loss of 25%. What is his overall percentage of gain or
loss
a) 5% loss
b) 10% gain c) 5% gain d) No loss, No gain
43. A man sells an article at a profit of 20%. If he had bought it at 10% less and sold it for
Rs.18 more, he would have gained 40%. Find the cost price of the article.
a) Rs.500
b) Rs.300
c) Rs.400
d) Rs.550
44. Mayan Botha purchased 20 dozens of toys at the rate of 375 Rs per dozen .He sold each
one of them at the rate of Rs 33.What was his percentage profit?
a) 5.6%
b) 6.6%
c) 6.7%
d) None of these
45. A man bought 2 articles at the same price and sells them together at 30% gain. Had he
bought the first article at 20% less and the second article at 10% more and then sold them
together for Rs.48 less, he would have gained 20% on the whole. What is the total cost of 2
articles?
a)Rs.200
b) Rs.300
c) Rs.400
d) Rs.500
46. A merchant sells an item at a 20 percent discount. But still makes a gross profit of 20
percent of the cost. What percent of cost would be gross profit on the item have been if it
had been sold without the discount?
(a)20%
(b)40%
(c)50%
(d)60%
47. A dealer professes to sell his goods at cost price and uses an 880gm weight instead of a
kg. What is his percentage of gain?
a) 13.13%
b) 13.33%
c) 13.36%
d) 13.63%
Solution : Gain % = 1000/880 => 1. 1363 => 13.63%
48. P sold an article for Rs.1080 thereby losing 10% Q sold another article for Rs.1800 at a
loss of 10%. Who incurred a greater loss?
a) P
b) Q
c) Cannot say
d) Both have equal
Solution: For P, SP=1080 and loss=10% => CP = 1080/0.9 =1200 => loss = 1200-1080 =
120. For Q, SP=1800 and loss=10% => CP = 1800/0.9 = 2000 => loss = 2000-1800 = 200.
49. A single discount equivalent to a discount series of 20%, 10% and 25% is
a) 55%
b) 54%
c) 4 6%
d) 42%
50. A trader allows two successive discounts of 20% and 10%. If he sells an article for Rs.
108, then the market price of the article is
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a) Rs. 140
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b) Rs. 142
c) Rs. 148 d)
d) Rs. 150
Answers:
1-b
2-a
3-b
11-b 12-a 13-c
4-a
5-b
14-b 15-c
6-a
7-c
8-b
9-c
10-c
16-a 17-b 18-c
19-a 20-c
21-d 22-c
23-a 24-a 25-b 26-d 27-b 28-c
29-d 30-d
31-d 32-c
33-a 34-b 35-a 36-d 37-b 38-d 39-d 40-d
41-b 42-c
43-b 44- a 45-b 46-c
47-c
48- b 49- c 50-d
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