Power Point for Tooele County
10th Grade Health Teachers
Physical Changes at Puberty
Male
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Growth spurt occurs.
Acne may appear.
Larynx enlarges; voice deepens.
Facial hair appears.
Shoulders broaden.
Axillary (underarm) hair appears.
Perspiration increases.
Some breast enlargement may occur.
Muscles develop.
Pubic hair appears.
External genitals enlarge.
Sperm production begins.
First ejaculation occurs.
Long bone growth stops.
Physical Changes in Puberty
Female
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Growth spurt occurs.
Acne may appear.
Axillary (underarm) hair appears.
Perspiration increases.
Breasts develop.
Waistline narrows.
Hips widen.
Uterus and ovaries enlarge.
Pubic hair appears.
External genitals enlarge.
Ovulation occurs.
Menstruation begins.
Long bone growth stops.
Epididymis
A J-shaped tube located
on the back of each
testicle. Stores sperm
for 2-4 days after they
have been produced.
Sperm mature and gain
ability to move while
here.
2- Vas Deferens
18 inch tube that
receives sperm from the
epididymis of each
testicle. The two-vas
deferens loop over the
bladder and join at the
urethra.
3- Urethra
Tube that passes
through the penis to the
outside of the body.
3 Accessory Reproductive Organs
The combination of sperm and secretions from these= Semen
Seminal Vesicles
Paired glands located near the
bladder. Sperm travel through this
gland. Provides nutrition for the
sperm and helps them move easier.
Prostate Gland
Near the bladder at the midline of
the body. Secretes a thin milky fluid
that protects the sperm from the
acids in the female body.
Cowper’s Gland
Near the urethra below the prostate.
Secretes a clear fluid that protects
the sperm from acid in the male
urethra.
The Male Reproductive System External
Organs
Testes
Hang outside the body
within a sac of skin called the
Scrotum. The scrotum
protects the sperm by
keeping the temp. of them
lower than normal body
temp. Otherwise the sperm
can’t survive.
Testes or Testicles have two
major functions:
Production of Testosterone
Production of Sperm
The Male Reproductive System External
Organs
Penis
The male reproductive organ
that removes urine from the
males body and can deliver
sperm to the female
reproductive system. It’s
made of soft tissue and blood
vessels.
During sexual activity the
penis becomes firm or erect.
This occurs because the
blood vessels in the penis fill
with blood. The penis MUST
be erect during ejaculation.
Common Disorders of the male
reproductive system
Sterility- When a person is unable to reproduce. May
be caused by a number of conditions.
Undescended Testes- This results when one of the
testes does not descend into the scrotum at birth.
Hernia-Condition in which an organ in the body pushes
outward through the wall of bodies normally
containing the organ.
Common Disorders of the male
reproductive system
Enlarged Prostate-Common in middle age men. Does
not indicate disease or illness but causes pain and
discomfort.
Prostate and Testicular Cancer-Surgical removal of the
prostate is usually the treatment. It can occur in men
from 15-34. A doctor should check hard lumps,
enlargements of the organ, or unusual thickening of
tissue.
The Female Reproductive System
Internal and External
Ovaries
Two organs about the
size of an almond
located inside the
female a few inches
below the waist.
They have two
important functions:
Release Estrogen and
progesterone
Produce mature egg
cells
Eggs VS Sperm
When a girl is born each ovary contains about 200,000
eggs. The ovaries (at puberty release one ripened egg
every 28 days in a process called OVULATION.
In males, starting at puberty several hundred million
sperm are produced EACH DAY!!!
Fallopian Tubes
Two small tubes that carry the
released eggs from the ovaries
to the uterus.
Uterus
A hollow, muscular pear
shaped organ located between
the ovaries. AKA: Womb.
Here the fertilized egg can
develop into a baby. The base
of the uterus is called the
Cervix. The cervix will expand
to allow the baby to exit.
Vagina
(Birth Canal) Hollow
tube leading from the
uterus to the outside of
the body. Walls are
elastic which allow baby
to pass through it
during birth.
Common Disorders of the Female
Reproductive system
Vaginitis – A vaginal infection or irritation. Symptoms
are a thick discharge, vaginal itching, and a burning
sensation during urination.
Sterility – Most common causes include blocking of the
fallopian tube, failure of the ovaries to produce eggs,
and ENDOMETRIOSIS (a condition in which the
endometrium grows somewhere other than in the
uterus. This can sometimes be corrected with
hormones or through surgery
Toxic shock syndrome – bacterial infection can cause a
rare disease know as Toxic Shock. Usually found in
menstruating women who are using tampons. Must
change tampons often.
Premenstrual Syndrome – some women experience a
lot of discomfort some time before menstruation.
Marked by nervous tension, mood swings headaches,
bloating and irritability. Believed to be caused by
dramatic change in hormone levels.
Cysts and Cancer Ovarian Cyst – a growth on the
outside of an ovary. Small cysts are common and
dissolve on their own. Large cysts may be painful and
must be surgically removed.
Cancer – Cancer can effect organs of the female
reproductive system. Cancer of the cervix can be found
by doing a Pap test.
Pap test – is a medical procedure where the doctor takes
a sample of cells from the cervix and looks for signs of
cancer.
Breast Cancer – breast cancer can be found by
detecting lumps and should be checked for every
month by self-examination.
How the Menstrual Cycle Works
A monthly series of hormone controlled changes that prepare the uterine
lining for pregnancy.
Increase in levels of what two hormones causes the release of an egg.
 Estrogen
 Progesterone
Release of an egg from the ovary = Ovulation
Before ovulation increasing levels of estrogen cause the uterine lining to
thicken.
This lining nourishes and supports the growing human during pregnancy.
Following ovulation the two hormones continue to thicken and maintain
the uterine lining.
IF pregnancy occurs that makes it soft and safe for the baby, IF pregnancy
does not occur, estrogen and progesterone levels quickly fall, causing a
breakdown of the lining and a discharge as it leaves the birth canal.
This being called:
MENSTRUATION!!!
Video – Ovulation
http://tooeleschools.org/public/Pages/Human-Sexuality.aspx
How life begins
Fertilization- Sperm travel from
the vagina through the uterus
and into the fallopian tubes
where fertilization normally
occurs. Only a small fraction of
sperm complete the journey to
the egg.
How many sperm does it take to
fertilize the egg?
Once the sperm penetrates the egg
the genetic material of the egg
and sperm combine to form one
cell called a zygote. (the info. For
the human.)
The fertilized egg divides: see
picture.
The embryo implants in the uterus
A developing human from
fertilization through the first
8 weeks of development is
called the embryo.
Once implantation of the
embryo happens the female is
considered pregnant and the
uterus is the embryo’s home
until the baby is born.
Placenta
A blood rich vessel that forms
in the mom’s uterus and that
provides nutrients and
oxygen to and removes wastes
from the developing human.
Most substances including
drugs and alcohol can pass
through the placenta into the
baby.
Girls: What you eat or intake,
the baby will also eat or
intake!
Pregnancy and Early Development
First TrimesterFirst three months, 0-12
weeks. A major time of
growth and change. The
embryo grows rapidly. By
the 4th week the heart
starts beating, arm and
leg buds appear, eyes and
brains start to develop.
By the end, brain waves
develop, bones and
muscles are developing,
has heart, brain, lungs,
arms, legs. Development
is complete but not all
parts are functional.
Beginning of Second Trimester
At the end of 4 months:
Fetus is 6 1/2 to 7 inches long
Weight is about 6 to 7 ounces
Fetus is developing reflexes such as
sucking and swallowing. Fetus may begin
sucking his/her thumb
 Tooth buds are developing
 Sweat glands are forming on palms and
soles
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Beginning of Second Trimester
At the end of 4 months:
Fetus is 6 1/2 to 7 inches long
Weight is about 6 to 7 ounces
Fetus is developing reflexes such as
sucking and swallowing. Fetus may begin
sucking his/her thumb
 Tooth buds are developing
 Sweat glands are forming on palms and
soles
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Second Trimester Continues
At the end of 5 months:
Fetus is 8 to 10 inches long
Weight is about 1 pound
Hair begins to grow on his/her head
Soft woolly hair called lanugo will
cover its body (and some may remain
until a week after birth when it is
shed)
 Mother begins to feel fetal movement
 Internal organs are maturing
 Eyebrows, eyelids and eyelashes appear
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Second Trimester Continues Again!
At the end of 6 months:
Fingers and toes are well defined
Sex is identifiable
Skin is bright pink, transparent and
covered with soft, downy hair
 Although recognizably human in
appearance, the baby would not be
able to survive outside the mother's
body
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Third Trimester
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At the end of 7 months:
Fetus is 14 to 16 inches long
Weight is about 2 1/2 to 3 1/2 pounds
Taste buds have developed
Fat layers are forming
Organs are maturing
Skin is still wrinkled and red
If born at this time, he/she will be
considered a premature baby and
require special care
Third Trimester Continues
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At the end of 8 months:
Fetus is 16 1/2 to 18 inches long
Weight is about 4 to 6 pounds
Overall growth is rapid this month
Tremendous brain growth occurs at this
time
Most body organs are now developed
with the exception of the lungs
Movements or "kicks" are strong enough
to be visible from the outside
Kidneys are mature
Skin is less wrinkled
Fingernails now extend beyond
fingertips
Third Trimester Continues AGAIN!
 At the end of 9 months:
 Fetus is 19 to 20 inches long
 Weight is about 7 to 7 1/2 pounds
 The lungs are mature
 Baby is now fully developed and can
survive outside the mother's body
 Skin is pink and smooth
 He/she settles down lower in the
abdomen in preparation for birth and
may seem less active
Video – Baby Center Inside Pregnancy
http://tooeleschools.org/public/Pages/Human-Sexuality.aspx
Stages of Childbirth
Starts with the onset of labor and goes through 3 stages.
Dilation- (Stage 1)
Uterus contracts which causes the cervix to dilate or open
up.
Moms water breaks: The membranes surrounding the
baby rupture. The amniotic fluid surrounding the baby is
released out of the vagina.
The babies head begins to push into the birth canal.
The cervix and vagina have to dilate enough for the head
and the body of the baby to pass through it.
The first stage ends when the cervix is fully dilated to 10
centimeters
Stages of Childbirth Continue
Expulsion- (2nd Stage)
The babies head fully emerges and the
shoulders rotate. An episiotomy may be done at
this stage.
Episiotomy- Surgical incision at the outer end
of the vagina to allow more room for the
delivery of the baby.
This stage ends with the delivery of the baby
Stages of Childbirth Continues AGAIN!!!!
Placental- (Third Stage)
After the delivery ends when the uterus expels the placenta or
“Afterbirth” and umbilical cord from the mothers body.
After the birth the dr. suctions muccous from the babies
mouth so that it can breathe. The cord is then tied and cut.
The baby and mother are both checked for signs of problems.
The mother may now breast feed her baby if all is well.
Most dr.s recommend this because the breast milk provides
all the nutrients an infant needs and helps protect the baby
from infections and stomach problems. It also establishes
a bond between mother and baby.
Video – Labor and Birth
http://tooeleschools.org/public/Pages/Human-Sexuality.aspx
Types of Childbirth
Natural
Vaginal Birth
C-Section
Baby and placenta are carefully lifted out of the
moms body during surgery because of too much
stress on the baby or uterus.
C-Sections can happen because of:
Breach birth (wrong position).
Baby too big for birth canal.
Umbilical cord wrapped around the babies neck.
Early Child Development
THE END!!! SEE YUH!!!