VACCINATION
ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION
MUDr. Jana Dáňová
Charles University, Prague
3rd Faculty of Medicine
Center of Preventive Medicine
Division of Epidemiology
ACTIVE IMMUNITY
Active immunity attained naturally
‰ after
apparent or inapparent infection
‰ duration depents on type of inf.agent
Active immunity attained artificially
‰ after
aplication of vaccines
‰ persistence of antibodies depents on the
type of a vaccine
PASSIVE IMMUNITY
Pasive immunity attained naturally
‰ transplacentar
transfer of antibodies from
mother to child
‰ duration 2-6 month
Pasive immunity attained artificially
‰ aplication
of specific protective antibodies
‰ heterologous and homologous
immunoglobulins
PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION
‰ aplication of antibodies – specific
immunoglobulins
‰ aplication after exposure to the
infection
‰ profylactic aplication
‰ therapeutic aplication
VACCINATION
ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION
MOST IMPORTANT TYPE OF PREVENTION OF
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
↓
PRIMARY PREVENTION
HISTORY OF VACCINATION
1796 - Edward Jenner
- vaccination against smallpox
(variola)
1885 - Louis Pasteur
- vaccination against rabies
VACCINE *
containes antigen of one or more
microorganisms and after aplication
to human or animal body causes
antibody response – active
immunization
TYPES OF VACCINES
according method of preparation
‰ live attenuated
‰ inactivated (killed)
‰ anatoxin (toxoid)
‰ split
‰ polysaccharide
‰ synthetic
INTERVALS BETWEEN
VACCINATIONS
‰ after inactivated (killed) vaccine 2 weeks
‰ after live attenuated vaccine 4 weeks
(except OPV and application of other
vaccines)
‰ after BCG revaccination 8 weeks
‰ after BCG primovaccination 12 weeks
‰ after skin tests (including tuberculin) 1 week
‰ after immunostimulans 7 – 10 weeks
ORGANIZATION OF VACCINATION
IN CZECH REPUBLIC
‰ vaccination is important among
children, they are in childhood mostly
exposed to infectious diseases
‰ strategy of vaccination is regulated by
statement of Ministry of Health
‰ vaccination in CR against infectious
diseases is divided to several groups
TYPES OF VACCINATION
IN CZECH REPUBLIC
‰ routine vaccination
‰ special vaccination
‰ emeregency vaccination
‰ vaccination in injueries
‰ vaccination of people going abroad
‰ vaccination on request
ROUTINE VACCINATION
‰ tbc
‰ diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and
diseases caused by Haemophilus
influenzae b
‰ poliomyelitis
‰ measles, mumps, rubella
‰ viral hepatitis B
ROUTINE VACCINATION
of persons in higher risk of diseases
‰ influenza
(every year)
‰ infections caused by Str.pneumaniae
(once among people in senior houses etc. )
‰ viral hepatitis B
(dialysis, sexual and familiar contact with VHB)
SPECIAL VACCINATION
‰ viral hepatitis B
(health care workers)
‰ rabies
(workers in higher risk of disease)
‰ influenza and infections caused by
Str.pneumoniae
(people worked in senior houses)
EMERGENCY VACCINATION
‰ vaccination in specific conditions
‰ planed by Ministry of health
‰ free of charge
VACCINATION OF PEOPLE
GOING ABROAD
‰ prevention of infection before traveling
abroad
‰ vaccination schedule depents on
geografic area
‰ strategy of vaccination is prepared by
physicians who are responsible for it
VACCINATION IN INJURIES
‰ vaccination of persons - prevention of
wound infections
‰ vaccination against tetanus, rabies
VACCINATION ON REQUEST
‰ vaccination of persons on request
‰ use of licenced vaccines
‰ each vaccination is paied
‰ examples:
VHA, VHB, tick - borne enc.,
meningococcal men., influenza etc.