VACCINATION
ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION
MUDr. Jana Dáňová
Charles University, Prague
3rd Faculty of Medicine
Center of Preventive Medicine
Division of Epidemiology
ACTIVE IMMUNITY
Active immunity attained naturally
after
apparent or inapparent infection
duration depents on type of inf.agent
Active immunity attained artificially
after
aplication of vaccines
persistence of antibodies depents on the
type of a vaccine
PASSIVE IMMUNITY
Pasive immunity attained naturally
transplacentar
transfer of antibodies from
mother to child
duration 2-6 month
Pasive immunity attained artificially
aplication
of specific protective antibodies
heterologous and homologous
immunoglobulins
PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION
aplication of antibodies – specific
immunoglobulins
aplication after exposure to the
infection
profylactic aplication
therapeutic aplication
VACCINATION
ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION
MOST IMPORTANT TYPE OF PREVENTION OF
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
↓
PRIMARY PREVENTION
HISTORY OF VACCINATION
1796 - Edward Jenner
- vaccination against smallpox
(variola)
1885 - Louis Pasteur
- vaccination against rabies
VACCINE *
containes antigen of one or more
microorganisms and after aplication
to human or animal body causes
antibody response – active
immunization
TYPES OF VACCINES
according method of preparation
live attenuated
inactivated (killed)
anatoxin (toxoid)
split
polysaccharide
synthetic
INTERVALS BETWEEN
VACCINATIONS
after inactivated (killed) vaccine 2 weeks
after live attenuated vaccine 4 weeks
(except OPV and application of other
vaccines)
after BCG revaccination 8 weeks
after BCG primovaccination 12 weeks
after skin tests (including tuberculin) 1 week
after immunostimulans 7 – 10 weeks
ORGANIZATION OF VACCINATION
IN CZECH REPUBLIC
vaccination is important among
children, they are in childhood mostly
exposed to infectious diseases
strategy of vaccination is regulated by
statement of Ministry of Health
vaccination in CR against infectious
diseases is divided to several groups
TYPES OF VACCINATION
IN CZECH REPUBLIC
routine vaccination
special vaccination
emeregency vaccination
vaccination in injueries
vaccination of people going abroad
vaccination on request
ROUTINE VACCINATION
tbc
diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and
diseases caused by Haemophilus
influenzae b
poliomyelitis
measles, mumps, rubella
viral hepatitis B
ROUTINE VACCINATION
of persons in higher risk of diseases
influenza
(every year)
infections caused by Str.pneumaniae
(once among people in senior houses etc. )
viral hepatitis B
(dialysis, sexual and familiar contact with VHB)
SPECIAL VACCINATION
viral hepatitis B
(health care workers)
rabies
(workers in higher risk of disease)
influenza and infections caused by
Str.pneumoniae
(people worked in senior houses)
EMERGENCY VACCINATION
vaccination in specific conditions
planed by Ministry of health
free of charge
VACCINATION OF PEOPLE
GOING ABROAD
prevention of infection before traveling
abroad
vaccination schedule depents on
geografic area
strategy of vaccination is prepared by
physicians who are responsible for it
VACCINATION IN INJURIES
vaccination of persons - prevention of
wound infections
vaccination against tetanus, rabies
VACCINATION ON REQUEST
vaccination of persons on request
use of licenced vaccines
each vaccination is paied
examples:
VHA, VHB, tick - borne enc.,
meningococcal men., influenza etc.
0
