Anatomy 1, Dr. Nelson, Tuesday 7:00-10:00 pm
Study Guide: Chapter 4, Tissues/Histology
READ CHAPTER 4, pages:113-144
Be able to answer the goals at the beginnings of the primary chapter sections
Be able to answer the “Check your understanding” questions at the end of the major sections.
Students should be able to:
INTRODUCTION
1. Explain the differences and similarities between single celled and complex multi-celled organisms
regarding the way functions and activities to maintain life are carried out
2. Explain what is meant by the phrase “human body cells are specialized”.
3. Explain what is meant by the term “tissue”.
4. List the basic four types (main groups) human tissues are divided into.
PREPARING HUMAN CELLS FOR MICROSCOPY
1. Explain what is meant by “fixing” a cell that is to be viewed microscopically.
2. Explain how thin a tissue must be in order to be viewed through a microscope.
3. Explain why tissue specimens must be “stained”.
EPITHELIAL TISSUE-EPITHLIUM-EPITHELIA
1. Explain, in general terms, what is meant by, “epithelium covers and lines” and give some
examples.
2. Explain what type of epithelium doesn’t meat the previous definition in No. 1 and discuss the
function of this type of epithelium provides.
3. Explain what is meant by the phrase, “epithelium forms boundaries between environments”.
4. Explain what functions epithelium can perform as an interfacing tissue.
5. Describe what is meant by the term polarity using the words “apical and basal surface”.
6. Explain what a microvilli is and what its function is.
7. Describe what “tight junctions and desmosomes” are and explain their function and importance.
8. Describe “reticular lamina” and explain its function.
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9. Explain the difference between simple and stratified endothelium.
10. Describe the basic shape that all endothelia cells have in the transverse plane...
11. Describe and name the three basic common shapes of endothelial cells.
12. Describe what functions simple epithelium is concerned with.
13. Simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, pseudostratified, stratified squamous,
stratified cuboidal, stratified columnar and transitional epithelium.
Describe the morphology (shape/appearance) of the fore mentioned tissues and be able to identify
diagrams or photomicrographs of each.
GLANDULAR EPITHELIM
1. Define the term”gland”
2. Describe a secretion
3. Describe a multicelular and unicellular gland and explain their differences.
4. Differentiate between endocrine gland and exocrine glands
5. Let’s not worry about types of exocrine glands, figure 4.4, page 123. Okay?
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
1. List the four main classes of connective tissue
2. Describe the major functions of connective tissue.
3. Describe the three main elements of connective tissue
4. Explain what the matrix of a connective tissue is and what two parts comprise it.
5. List the three different fibers that occur in the matrix of some connective tissues.
6. Explain the characteristic that collagen fibers have due to the “cross linked” arrangement and
describe where such fibers may be found.
7. Explain the difference between fixed and wandering ccells
8. Name the wandering cells and describe their function.
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TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
1. Connective Tissue is divided into classes. One of these classes is Connective tissue Proper. List
the sub classes of this class and explain what tissues each sub class is subdivided into. (Table 4.1,
pg 134)
2. Describe the general, obvious structural features of areolar connective tissue and explain what the
word areolar means.
3. Describe the basic function of areolar tissue.
4. Explain how adipose tissue differs from areolar tissue.
5. Explain what composses most of the adipose cell volume.
6. Explain how long we could live without eating if we did’t have any fat tissue
7. State the percentage of fat found in an normal person, a morbidly obese person.
8. Describe how reticular tissue is similar to areolar tissue.
9. Explain the derivation/meaning of stroma and describe its function.
10. List the three types of Dense connective tissue.
11. Explain what the prominent element/characteristic of all dense connective tissue is. Due to this
characteristic what other name can it also be ferered to?
12. Explain what fibers are found in dense regular connective tissue and what can be said about te
direction these fibers are arranged in and what what characteristic does this arrangement provede.
13. Describe in what structures are dense regular connective tissues are typically.
14. Describe the difference in the arrangement of collagen fibers in dense irregular connective tissue
compared to dense regular connective tissue.
15. Explain how, due to the difference in fiber arrangement, the characteristics change and describe
these differences.
16. Describe where (which structures) dense regular and dense irregular would be found.
17. Describe what kind of fibers dense connective elastic tissue have.
18. What function does the elastic fibers provide and where is such a characteristic a benefit.
19. Explain what is meant by cartilage has qualities between bone and dense connective tissue.
20. Explain what is meant by the statement that cartilage is avascular.
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21 Explain how cartilage gets nutrients.
22. Explain what kind of cells are found in the matrix of cartilage.
23. Explain what the little cavities cartilage cells live in are called.
24. Explain what the most abundant cartilage in the human body is and where its found.
25. Explain what type of fibers are found in hyaline cartilage.
26. Explain the fiber difference between hyaline and elastic cartilage.
27. Explain wher in the human body elastic cartilage could be found.
28. Explain why fibrocartilage is described as the perfect intermediate between hyaline cartilage and
dense regular connective tissue.
29. Explain the characteristics of fibrocartilage and where it is subsequently found.
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