2002 UGANDA POPULATION AND
HOUSING CENSUS
Analytical Report
ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS
UGANDA BUREAU OF STATISTICS
Plot 9, Colville Street
P. O. Box 7186
Kampala
Tel: 256 41 706 000
Fax: 256 41 237 553
Email: ubos@ubos.org
Website: www.ubos.org
October 2006
Recommended Citation
Uganda Bureau of Statistics (2002), “The 2002 Uganda Population and Housing Census,
Economic Characteristics”, October 2006, Kampala, Uganda
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
FOREWORD
The Uganda Bureau of Statistics supports the Government’s results-based agenda by providing statistics
needed for planning, monitoring development performance and progress in the implementation of major
national development policies and initiatives. The Population and Housing Census is the major source of
demographic and social-economic statistics in Uganda. The country has conducted scientific population
and housing censuses at intervals of about ten years since 1948. The latest such census was conducted
in 2002 and was the most comprehensive census ever undertaken in Uganda. This census collected
household-based data on population, housing, agriculture, micro and small enterprises as well as
community information.
The Uganda Bureau of Statistics has published the 2002 Census results in different reports at different
times and with varying degrees of detail. The Monograph Series provide more detailed and subjectoriented analyses of the census data which relate the findings to the national development policies and
targets as outlined in the PEAP. This Monograph on Economic Characteristics contains information
on the activity status, characteristics of the working population and micro and small enterprises.
The Bureau is grateful to the many institutions and individuals who participated in the planning and/or
implementation of the Census. They include members of the Inter-Institutional Steering and Technical
Advisory Committees; District Census Committees; field Staff including Mapping Assistants, Enumerators
and Supervisors; the millions of individual respondents who provided the required information; Data
Processing staff and the authors of the various chapters of this and other Census reports.
The Government of Uganda funded the bigger part of the Census.
The Bureau is grateful for this
collaboration and also the support from the development partners who funded the other cost of the
census operations.
Finally, the Bureau appeals to the people of Uganda to make maximum use of the census data as a
basis for evidence-based policy debate and design; decision-making at every level of society;
investment and business transactions; and for many other purposes.
John B. Male - Mukasa
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
ii
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
PREFACE
th
th
The 2002 Census was conducted with reference to 12 /13 September 2002 as the Census Night.
During the census, trained enumerators visited every household and collected information on all
persons who spent the Census night in the household.
Special arrangements were made to
enumerate the mobile population as well as those living in institutions. Persons living in IDP camps
were enumerated as households and the information was recorded against the areas where they came
from. Specifically, persons who spent the Census Night in hotels and lodges were enumerated using a
special questionnaire. In addition, the characteristics of Household Heads who were not at home on
the Census Night were also recorded. The enumeration was completed within seven days for most
areas.
UBOS has produced several reports from the census data. In order to increase the utility of the
census data, subject specific monographs giving detailed analytical findings of the 2002 Census have
been written. These were written by a team of local experts in the different disciplines. In carrying out
the data analysis, differentials by sex and rural-urban residence have been studied.
Further
differentials have been studied with respect to socio-economic characteristics as well as spatial
distribution of the population. Also produced is an Abridged Version which contains the summary of
findings from all the monographs.
This monograph presents the Economic Characteristics (Activity Status, Characteristics of
Working Population and Micro and Small Enterprises). The other monographs in series include the
following;
Volume I: Population size and Distribution
Volume II: Population Composition
Volume III: Population Dynamics
Volume V: Education and Literacy
Volume VI: Household and Housing Conditions
Volume VII: Gender and Special Interest Groups
Where possible, the 2002 Census results are compared with those from previous data sources, mainly
the Censuses of 1969, 1980 and 1991, the Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) 2000-01
and the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) 2002/03.
However, these comparisons are
limited to national level data only, since disaggregation of data by district or other characteristics for
earlier dates could not be obtained.
For purposes of presentation of spatial differentials, data are shown for the country’s districts as at the
time of enumeration. These have been grouped into four regions namely Central, Eastern, Northern
and Western.
These are statistical groupings of districts without administrative or political
considerations. Previous studies have shown that Kampala City has indicators, which are usually very
iii
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
different from the rest of the districts. This thus makes the Central region appear to be fairing far
better than the other regions. In order to make a fair comparison of the regions, the indicators for
Central region are presented in two ways viz including and excluding Kampala City.
Prior to this monograph series, six other products were published. These are:
i.
Preliminary Results – giving total population by district and sex, released in October 2002.
ii.
Provisional Results – giving total population of administrative areas by sex, released in
November 2002.
iii.
Report on the Agricultural Module – giving information on household based agricultural
activities, released in September 2004.
iv.
Final Results: Main Report – giving population and household characteristics based on the
final results, released in March 2005.
v.
Post Enumeration Survey Report – giving the procedure and findings from the Post
Enumeration activity, released in October 2005.
vi. District Census Report– giving district specific population and household characteristics based
on the final results, released in November 2005.
In addition, the Bureau will be producing several other reports as outlined below:
i.
Administrative Report
ii.
District-level Analytical Reports
iii. Census Atlas
iv. Poverty Maps
iv
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS..........................................................................................................................v
LIST OF TABLES...................................................................................................................................vi
LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES...............................................................................................................vii
LIST OF FIGURE..................................................................................................................................viii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................................................ix
COUNTRY PROFILE..............................................................................................................................x
CHAPTER 1:..BACKGROUND................................................................................................................1
1.1
General Information about Uganda ........................................................................................ 1
1.2
Sources of Data...................................................................................................................... 3
1.3
The 2002 Uganda Population and Housing Census .............................................................. 4
CHAPTER 2:..ACTIVITY STATUS..........................................................................................................7
2.1
Background ............................................................................................................................ 7
2.2
Working Age Population......................................................................................................... 8
2.3
Labour Force ........................................................................................................................ 12
2.4
2.5
2.6:
2.7:
2.8:
2.9:
2.10:
Labour Force Participation Rate........................................................................................... 15
Unemployment ..................................................................................................................... 18
Economically Inactive Population ......................................................................................... 19
Inactivity rate ........................................................................................................................ 21
Status of Economically Inactive Persons ............................................................................. 22
Economic activity at Community Level ................................................................................. 23
Summary.......................................................................................................................... 24
CHAPTER 3:..CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WORKING POPULATION............................................25
3.1
Background .......................................................................................................................... 25
3.2
Status in Employment........................................................................................................... 25
3.2
Industry................................................................................................................................. 29
3.4
Occupation ........................................................................................................................... 31
3.7
Summary .............................................................................................................................. 34
CHAPTER 4: MICRO AND SMALL SCALE ENTERPRISES………………………………….………….37
4.1
Background .......................................................................................................................... 37
4.2
Distribution of MSEs ............................................................................................................. 38
4.3
Employment in MSEs ........................................................................................................... 40
4.4
Summary .............................................................................................................................. 43
CHAPTER 5: POLICY IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS…..…………………..……..….45
LIST OF REFERENCES........................................................................................................................47
GLOSSARY OF CENSUS TERMS........................................................................................................48
v
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1:
Number of Administrative Units by Census 1969 – 2002 .............................................. 1
Table 2.1:
Distribution of the Working Age Population (14 to 64 Years) by Selected
Characteristics ............................................................................................................. 10
Table 2.2:
Distribution of the Labour Force by Selected Characteristics...................................... 14
Table 2.4:
Labour Force Participation Rates by Selected Characteristics.................................... 17
Table 2.5:
Labour Force Participation Rates (LFPR) in selected districts by sex......................... 18
Table 2.6:
Unemployment Rate by Socio-economic Characteristics and Sex ............................. 19
Table 2.7:
Economically Inactive Population 14 to 64 Years by Selected Background
Characteristics ............................................................................................................. 21
Table 2.8:
Inactivity rate by age group.......................................................................................... 22
Table 2.9:
Reasons for not working Table 2.10: Economic Activities of Communities................. 23
Table 3.1:
Employment Status for selected countries .................................................................. 26
Table 3.2:
Percentage distribution of employed persons by Selected Characteristics ................. 27
Table 3.3:
Percentage Distribution of the Working Population by Status in Employment and
Socio-Economic Characteristics .................................................................................. 28
Table 3.4:
Working Population Percent distribution by employment categories and Socioeconomic characteristics.............................................................................................. 29
Table 3.5:
Percentage Distribution of the Working Population(14 – 64 Years) by Industry and Sex
30
Table 3.6:
Employment by sector for selected countries .............................................................. 31
Table 3.7:
Percentage Distribution of the Working Population (14 – 64 Years) by Major
Occupational Group and Sex ....................................................................................... 33
Table 4.1:
Spatial Distribution of MSEs by Residence and Region Table 4.2:Districts with the
highest Proportion of MSE’s in Uganda ....................................................................... 39
Table 4.4:
Distribution of MSEs by Industry Table 4.5:Employment of MSEs by Residence and
Region.......................................................................................................................... 40
Table 4.5:
Distribution of Persons Engaged in MSEs by Industry ................................................ 42
Table 4.7:
Ownership of MSEs by Industry................................................................................... 43
vi
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES
Table A1.1: Labour Participation Rates by District and Sex................................................................ 49
Table A1.1:
Labour Participation Rates by District and Sex ........................................................... 51
Table A1.2:
Selected Economic Activity Indicators by District ........................................................ 52
Table A1.2:
Selected Economic Activity Indicators by District ........................................................ 53
Table A1.3:
Distribution of Business Enterprises by District ........................................................... 54
Table A1.3:
Distribution of Business Enterprises by District ........................................................... 55
vii
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1: Map of Uganda showing the Districts as of September 2002 ............................................... 2
Figure 2.1: Labour Force Framework ...................................................................................................... 9
Figure 2.3: Distribution of Working Age Population by Activity Status................................................... 11
Figure 2.4: Distribution of the Labour Force by Age Groups ................................................................. 15
Figure 3.1: Percentage distribution of employed persons by Sector of employment and sex ............... 31
Figure 3.2: Proportion of the Working Population (14 – 64 Years) who were engaged in Subsistence
farming .................................................................................................. 34
viii
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Ugandan labour force consists of persons aged 14 to 64 years who were either in employment
paid employment, self-employed or unpaid family workers) or were unemployed (without work and
available for work). Out of the 12 million persons of working age, 6.7 million (56 percent) were in the
labour force.
About 70 percent of the working persons were subsistence farmers, with females having a slightly
higher percentage (80) compared to males at 63 percent. The census findings showed that about 9 in
every 10 persons with no formal education were in subsistence agriculture and the percentage
reduced with increased levels of education. The unemployment rate in Uganda was 4.6 percent, with
a high urban unemployment rate of 10 percent as compared to 4 percent in the rural areas. The
unemployment rate was lowest amongst persons without secondary education (4 percent) and highest
amongst those with post secondary education (7.2 percent).
At the time of the 2002 Census, there were 1.1 million Micro Small Enterprises (MSE) in the country,
employing 1.7 million people. The majority of the MSEs were in the trade sector.
ix
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
COUNTRY PROFILE
Male
Population
Female
Total
Number ('000)
100.0
100.0
100.0
Urban
12.3
12.2
12.4
24,227
2,981
Rural
87.7
87.8
87.6
21,246
Selected Age Groups
Children (0-17 years)
57.6
54.6
56.1
13,371
Adults Uganda (18 Years and over)
42.4
45.4
43.9
10,470
Primary School Age (6 -12 years)
22.5
21.4
21.9
5,228
Secondary School Age (13 - 19 years)
16.4
16.1
16.3
3,875
8.2
9.5
8.9
2,113
Working Age Uganda (14 - 64 years)
49.0
51.3
50.2
11,964
Child Labour Age (5 - 17 years)
38.4
36.4
37.4
8,911
Adolscents (10 - 24 years)
33.9
34.4
34.2
8,147
Youth (18 - 30 years)
21.0
23.6
22.3
5,321
Child Bearing (15 - 49years)
---
43.7
---
5,331
Child Mothers (12 - 17years)
---
14.7
---
1,798
64.1
65.8
64.9
15,483
Post Secondary School Age (20 - 24 years)
Aged 10 Years and Over
Aged 50 Years and Over
7.7
8.1
7.9
1,887
Older Persons (60 Years and over)
4.5
4.6
4.6
1,090
Both Parents Alive
86.6
86.7
86.6
11,581
Only Mother Alive
8.0
7.9
7.9
1,061
Only Father Alive
2.7
2.6
2.6
352
Both Parents Dead
2.6
2.5
2.6
345
Do not Know
0.2
0.2
0.2
26
Parental survival ( For Children Below 18 Years)
Persons with Disabilities (PWDs)
All PWDs1
---
---
---
838
Physical
48.0
45.4
46.7
392
Hearing problem
15.8
17.6
16.6
139
Sight Problem
23.9
27.2
25.4
213
Speech Problem
5.6
4.5
5.0
42
Mental Retardation
4.3
3.9
4.1
34
Mental Illness
4.3
3.9
4.1
34
10.3
11.5
10.9
91
10,782
Others
1
Some persons had more than one disability, therefore cases do not add up to PWDs
Education and Literacy
Population aged 10+ and are Literate
77.4
62.4
69.6
Pop Aged 6 -12 years and enrolled in School
86.3
86.2
86.2
4,509
Pop Aged 10+ and Never been to School
13.0
26.5
20.0
3,099
x
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
Male
Female
Total
Number ('000)
Pop aged 14 - 64 years & Working
59.4
47.7
53.3
6,371
Pop aged 5 - 17 years & Working
7.2
6.8
7.0
622
Economic Activities
Marriage And Child Bearing
Women Aged 50 years + and Never Married
---
3.3
---
33
Girls aged 12-17 years who are mothers
---
6.8
---
122
Urban
Rural
Total
Households
---
---
---
5,043
Male Headed
72.4
77.7
76.9
3,880
Female Headed
27.6
22.3
23.1
1,164
4.2
4.8
4.7
---
Subsistence Farming
11.9
77.0
67.9
3,425
Other Economic Activity
71.6
14.8
22.8
1,147
Other Support
16.5
8.2
9.3
471
Average Household Size
Number ('000)
Source of Livelihood
State of Dwelling Unit
Temporary Building Materials
26.1
78.5
71.2
3,589
Semi-permanent Building Materials
14.2
10.9
11.4
574
Permanent Building Materials
59.8
10.6
17.5
881
Iron Sheets
82.3
50.3
54.8
2,764
Thatch
11.3
48.2
43.0
2,171
Brick Walls
67.9
40.0
43.9
2,214
Mud and Pole
16.5
54.8
49.4
2,492
Cement Screed
58.4
10.5
17.2
866
Rammed Earth
28.8
85.0
77.1
3,889
Covered Toilet
91.1
66.3
69.7
3,517
Built Bathroom
67.5
29.2
34.5
1,742
Built Kitchen
42.0
59.5
57.0
2,877
Dwelling Unit
30.1
86.1
78.2
3,946
Bicycle
18.8
36.2
33.7
1,701
Television
19.7
2.1
4.6
231
Radio
68.5
46.1
49.2
2,483
Mobile Phone
21.8
2.3
5.0
254
Fixed Phone
2.7
0.2
0.5
27
Construction Materials
Household Facilities
Household Assets
xi
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND
1.1
General Information about Uganda
1.1.1
Location and Size
Uganda is located in East Africa and lies across the equator, about 800 kilometres
inland from the Indian Ocean. It lies between 10 29’ South and 40 12’ North latitude,
0
0
29 34 East and 35 0’ East longitude. The country is landlocked, bordered by Kenya
in the East; Sudan in the North; Democratic Republic of Congo in the West; Tanzania
in the South; and Rwanda in South West.
It has an area of 241,038 square
kilometers, of which the land area covers 197,323 square kilometres.
1.1.2
Administration
The country was divided into 56 districts at the time of the 2002 Population Census.
The districts are sub divided into lower administrative units. These are counties, subcounties, parishes and villages or Local Council 1 (LC 1). Overtime, the numbers of
districts and lower level administrative units have continuously increased with the aim
of making administration and delivery of services easier.
This however, had a
negative element in that most of the districts do not have time series data and hence it
is not possible to do a trend analysis. The numbers of administrative units at the
various census nights since 1969 are given in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1:
Number of Administrative Units by Census 1969 – 2002
Census Year
Level of Administrative Unit
1969
1980
1991
2002
District
21
33
38
56
County
111
140
163
163
Sub-county
594
668
884
958
3,141
3,478
4,636
5,238
Parish
In addition, Uganda has a Local Governments System at different levels. These are
LC V (District); LC IV (County / Municipality); LC III (Sub – County); LC II (Parish); and
LC I (Village).
The role of the local governments is to implement and monitor
government programmes at the respective levels.
1
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Figure 1.1:
Economic Activity
Map of Uganda showing the Districts as of September 2002
SUDAN
MOYO
YUMBE
KITGUM
KOTIDO
ADJUMANI
N
ARUA
PADER
GULU
MOROTO
NEBBI
R.
N
ile
LIRA
APAC
KATAKWI
MASINDI
D.R CONGO
NAKAPIRIPIRIT
KABERA
-MAIDO
L . A l b e rt
SOROTI
L . Ky o g a
KUMI
HOIMA
NAKASONGOLA
KAPCHORWA
PALLISA
KAMULI
BUNDIBUGYO
KIBOGA
KIBAALE
KAYU
-NGA
LUWERO
MBALE
IGANGA
KABAROLE
KYENJOJO
JINJA
MUBENDE
SIRONKO
WAKISO
MUKONO
TORORO
BUGIRI
BUSIA
MAYUGE
KAMPALA
KENYA
KAMWENGE
MPIGI
KASESE
SSEMBABULE
L . G e o rg e
L . E dw a r d
BUSHENYI
MBARARA
MASAKA
KALANGALA
RUKU
-NGIRI
Lake V ictoria
RAKAI
KANUNGU
NTUNGAMO
TANZANIA
KISORO
0
KABALE
KEY
RWANDA
International Boundary
District Boundary
Water Body
2
Central Region
Eastern Region
Northern Region
Western Region
50
100KM
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
1.1.3
Economic Activity
Geography
The country enjoys equatorial climate with plenty of rain and sunshine
moderated by the relatively high altitude. In most parts of the country, the
0
0
mean annual temperatures range from 16 C to 30 C. Nevertheless, the
Northern and Eastern regions sometimes experience relatively high
temperatures exceeding 300 C and the South Western region sometimes has
0
temperatures below 16 C.
The Central, Western and Eastern regions have two rainy seasons, from
March to May for the first rains, and the second rains from September to
November.
The Northern region receives one rainy season from April to
October, and the period from November to March has minimal rain. Most of
the country receives between 750 mm and 2100 mm annually. The country
has loamy soils with varying proportions of sandy and clay. In addition, it has
varying vegetation with tropical rain forest vegetation in the South and
savannah woodlands and semi arid vegetation in the North.
1.1.4
Culture and Religion
Uganda’s population is made up of different ethnic groups with varying
customs and norms. These play a major role in shaping the behaviours and
ways of life of the people in the country. Some of the traditional values have
changed due to the integration of the people as a result of migration and/or
intermarriages. The cultural groupings, such as, Baganda, Basoga, Batoro,
Banyoro, Itesoit etc are headed by traditional kings or chiefs who are not
politically elected but have an indirect role in community governance and
moral build up.
There are a number of languages spoken because of the many tribes in
Uganda, however English is the official language. The Swahili language is
being promoted in the spirit of Regional Socio-Economic Corporation, and
integration of the East African Community.
The 1995 Constitution of the Republic of Uganda recognizes the freedom to
practice any religion.
1.1.5
Education
Uganda’s education system is both formal and informal. Under the formal
system, the four – tier educational model is followed that is seven years of
1
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
primary education, four years of ordinary level secondary education, two years
of advanced level secondary education and the tertiary level of education.
Each level is nationally examined and certificates are awarded. University
education is offered by both public and private institutions.
The Universal Primary Education (UPE) was introduced in 1997 to offer free
education at the primary level. However, access to secondary and tertiary
education is limited to only those who can meet the costs. There are plans by
the Government to introduce Universal Secondary Education (USE) in 2007.
The government also sponsors about 4,000 students every year through the
public universities. In addition, the private sponsorship scheme is operational
in the public universities. University education can also be obtained from any
of the seven private universities in the country. In addition, a large number of
institutions both private and public also offer tertiary education.
In addition to formal education there exists informal education to serve all
those persons who did not receive formal education.
Under the informal
system, a range of practical/hands-on skills are imparted to those who have
not gone through or only partially gone through the formal system of
education. The majority in the informal system are the young adults and/or
drop out and disadvantaged children. The Functional Adult Literacy (FAL)
programme in the Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development also
targets older people who did not get chance to go through formal training.
1.1.6
Macro economy
Uganda’s economic performance was performing well in the early years of
independence; with rapid economic growth and development. In the early
post independence period (1962-1966), the economy grew at an average of
6.7 percent per year.
By the end of the 1960’s, commercial agriculture
accounted for more than one-third of GDP and industrial output had increased
to nearly nine percent of GDP, given the new food processing industries. In
the early 1970’s, the government targeted an annual GDP growth rate of
about 5.6 percent. However, the political instability and associated economic
mismanagement resulted in a persistent economic decline that left Uganda
among the world’s poorest and least developed countries.
In early 1980s, Structural Adjustment programs were introduced which led to
strong economic growth of GDP. Hence, the period that followed showed a
remarkable increase in productivity and output. This was given impetus by
macroeconomic stability resulting from the macroeconomic reforms. The led
2
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
to the economy reverting to its high GDP growth rates and low and stable
inflation and interest rates from the 1990’s to present. The PEAP target was
for a GDP growth rate of 5.2 percent in 2003, and an average of 7 percent
thereafter.
The economy of Uganda is primarily based on the agricultural sector, with
over 70 percent of the working population being employed by the sector.
Agricultural exports account for over 45 percent of the total export earnings
with coffee, tobacco and fish continuing to be the main export commodities
that bring in foreign exchange.
In the last 5 years, the telecommunication sector has been the fastest growing
sector of the economy, and this is due to the expansion programs and
increase in coverage by the major telecommunication companies in the
country which have led to increased numbers of subscribers and providers of
the services.
1.2
Sources of Data
The main data sources for establishing benchmarks for economic and social
indicators for Uganda are censuses and surveys. Information is also obtained
from administrative records.
1.2.1
The Earlier Population Estimates
Prior to 1900, there was limited information on Uganda’s population. The first
official population estimates of the Uganda Protectorate were made in 1900
and 1901, and gave a population at 2 million and 2.5 million respectively
which were more or less accepted until the first census was carried out in the
year 1911.
1.2.2
The Population Censuses 1911 - 1991
The population censuses in Uganda have been conducted in the years 1911,
1921, 1931, 1948, 1959, 1969, 1980, 1991 and 2002. The 1911, 1921 and
1931 population censuses were mainly administrative in nature, and for all the
three censuses, separate enumeration procedures were made for the African
and non-African population in the country. For the non-African population and
for the Africans living on non-African premises, census forms were collected
from their local administrative centres. The population census results of 1911,
1921 and 1931 were 2.5 million, 2.9 million and 3.5 million respectively.
3
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
The 1948 Population Census was the first scientific census to be carried out in
Uganda. This was followed by the 1959 Censuses. During the two censuses,
the African Population and the non-African population were enumerated
separately. The two censuses were followed by sample censuses of 10 percent
and 5 percent respectively. The sample censuses were intended to provide
detailed data to help in the planning processes.
The first post independence census was conducted in 1969 followed by 1980
and 1991. The methodology used during these censuses was similar; people
were enumerated where they spent the census night (De facto Census) and
conducted simultaneously for Africans and Non-Africans. Two different types of
schedules were used to collect the data. The first schedule contained limited
questions and was administered at 100 percent coverage while the built in
sample covered 10 percent of the rural areas and 100 percent of the urban
areas and was intended to provide detailed data to aid in planning.
1.3
The 2002 Uganda Population and Housing Census
The 2002 Population and Housing Census was the most comprehensive
census ever conducted in Uganda.
The census collected data on the
demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the population; household
and housing conditions, agriculture; activities of micro and small enterprises;
and the community characteristics.
A structured questionnaire was
administered to all households and the institutional population.
1.3.1
Census Implementation
The reference night (Census Night) was 12th/13th September 2002, and the
th
th
actual enumeration was carried out between 13 and 19 September 2002.
The enumeration was done by trained enumerators who canvassed the entire
country and administered the questionnaires to the household head, or in
his/her absence any other knowledgeable household member.
Special
arrangements were made to enumerate institutional, homeless and mobile
populations.
The census administered a standard questionnaire to all
persons countrywide.
For purposes of presentation of the results, the country’s 56 districts have
been grouped into four regions namely Central, Eastern, Northern and
Western. These are statistical groupings of districts without administrative or
political status. In order to show a clearer trend, the 1980 and 1991 censuses
4
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
data was redistributed according to the 2002 district boundaries and other
lower administrative units.
1.3.2
Quality of the Census Data
Quality is important aspect of data as it enhances their credibility, increases
their potential use and the benefits to be derived from them. Census data
quality can be compromised by poor measurement of characteristics as well
as poor quality control in implementation of methodologies.
In particular,
quality can be compromised through inadequate coverage, use of untested
methodology and procedures, inaccurate responses, high non response
errors and data processing errors (editing, coding, data entry, tabulation, etc).
•
the 2002 census process paid attention to quality management and
enhancement. In particular, special measures were taken to ensure
quality census data. These included, among others:
•
dividing up the whole country into compact and manageable
enumeration areas which can be covered by one enumerator.
•
producing enumeration area maps to avoid omission or double
counting during enumeration
•
ensuring that each enumerator exhaustively canvassed the assigned
area.
•
using simple and pre-tested questionnaires.
•
preparation of an Enumerators’ Instructions Manual to act as a fulltime guide to the census enumeration.
•
adequate publicity of the census exercise throughout the country.
•
adequate training of all field staff lasting for a period of 6-7 days
•
intensive supervision at all levels – parish, sub-county, district and
national
•
checking and editing the census questionnaires.
•
100 percent verification of all data entered into the computer.
•
carefully checking all data for internal consistency as well as
consistency with data from other sources.
•
conducting a Post Enumeration Survey (PES) with the aim of
measuring the magnitude, direction and sources of errors for the
2002 Census.
1.3.3
Exclusion of data from Kotido District
The final results showed that Kotido District had a very high population growth
rate of 9.5 percent per annum and an average household size of 6.8 persons.
5
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
These were much higher than what was observed for the same district in
1991 and for the neighbouring districts in 2002.
UBOS carried out an
investigation of the Census data and found that a number of indicators for
Kotido district deviated from other reliable results obtained from other studies.
A deeper review of a representative sample of the census data for the district
revealed that there was a deliberate duplication of households and individuals
to inflate the population figures.
Statistical methods were applied on the population of Kotido to come up with
more reliable estimates of the population of the district as of 2002. UBOS
subsequently adjusted the population of Kotido district downwards to be
consistent with the results from other studies carried out around the same
time. Despite this adjustment, it was not possible to have obtained detailed
characteristics of the population and households.
Since most of the indicators from the district were not reliable, a decision was
taken to carry out the census analysis without Kotido data.
Thus, the
indicators shown in this report exclude the figures for Kotido district apart from
indicators on population size, growth and distribution.
Because of this, the analysis of population size and Growth is based on the
total population of 24.2 million, while the rest of the analysis is based on the
population excluding persons enumerated in Hotels and Kotido district, which
was 23.8 million.
1.4
Organisation of the Report
This monograph is organized into five Chapters.
Chapter 1 gives an
introduction which includes the background to the census, the 2002 census
processes, data quality and the organization of this report. Chapter 2 presents
the activity status of the population. Chapter 3 covers characteristics of working
population while Chapter 4 gives the micro and small enterprises. Chapter 5
presents the policy implications and recommendations.
6
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
CHAPTER 2: ACTIVITY STATUS
2.1
Background
This chapter provides background information on the working age population
and economic activities of communities obtained from the 2002 Population
and Housing Census.
Human capital is a prerequisite for development,
hence raising its quality and productivity is recognized as a critical factor for
increasing economic growth and reducing poverty levels.
The key labour
market indicators that are obtainable from the 2002 Population and Housing
Census include; Labour force participation rate, Employment-population ratio,
Unemployment rate, Youth unemployment rate and Inactivity rate.
2.1.1
Government Framework
The primary objective of economic policies is to improve the welfare and the
quality of life of the population of a country.
One way of achieving this
objective is through a broad-based economic growth which will ensure that an
increasing number of persons are gainfully employed.
In a bid to respond to the need for reducing poverty and improving the welfare
of the people, Government has made the issue of investment and
employment creation a priority. Pillar 2 of the PEAP is enhancing production,
competitiveness and incomes. This Pillar shows that one of the objectives of
the PEAP is promotion of employment creation, by increasing the ability of
firms to be innovative and adopt new technologies that are labour-friendly and
eventually develop a new economic order.
The national employment policy aims at the promotion of rapid productive
employment in all sectors of the economy. The policy spells out the need to
analyse and understand the implications of gender roles in labour
management and strategies to reduce them.
2.1.2
Sources of Data
These include the National Household Surveys and the 2002 Census asked
three questions relating to economic activity of individuals namely activity
status, occupation and industry.
The three questions relating to economic activity of individuals were asked to
all persons aged 5 years and above. However, the analysis was done for
7
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
persons in the official working age bracket of 14 to 64 years1. The Micro and
Small Scale Enterprises (MSE) module collected information on nonagricultural Micro and Small Enterprises operated by a household, while the
Community module collected information on the main activities carried out in
the communities.
2.2
Working Age Population
The working age population is divided into two distinct groups; those in the
labour force (economically active) and those not in the labour force
(economically inactive).
The economically active population (labour force)
comprises of those persons who during the last 7-days period prior to the
census were either employed or unemployed (but actively looking for work).
The official working age population in Uganda is 14 – 64 yearsi, which is
slightly different from the internationally used definition of 15 – 64 years. The
census results showed that in Uganda, there were 12 million persons of
working age (see Figure 2.1). Of these, 6.3 million persons were females (52
percent) while 5.7 million were males (48 percent).
1 Report on National Workshop on Concepts and Definitions of Labour Statistics in Uganda,
May 2005
8
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Figure 2.1:
Economic Activity
Labour Force Framework
Total Population of
Uganda
23.8 M
Working-age
Population
(14-64 years)
12.0 M
Below or above
Working Age
Population
11.8 M
The Labour Force
Not in the Labour Force
6.7 M
5.3 M
Employed Population
Unemployed Population
6.4 M
0.3 M
Adapted from ILO, “Surveys of Economically Active Population, Employment,
Unemployment and Underemployment, an ILO Manual on Concepts and Methods”’ 1991
2.2.1
Selected Characteristics of Working Age Population
Table 2.1 shows that 85 percent of the working age population resides in rural
Only 15% of the working
age population resides in
urban areas
areas while only 15 percent reside in the urban2 areas. This was slightly
higher than the national urbanization level of 12 percent of the total
population. Females make up more than half (52 percent) of the working age
population.
The distribution of working age population by region is almost proportional to
the regional distribution of the total population. The Central region had the
largest share of the working age population (29 percent), followed by the
Western region with 27 percent, and the Eastern region with 25 percent. The
Northern region had the least proportion of the working age population of 20
percent. When Kampala is excluded from the Central region, the contribution
9
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
of the Central region to working age population is only higher than that of the
Northern region.
More than 9 million persons (77 percent) of the working age population had
77% of the working age
population had education
below secondary
education level below secondary education. Only 4 percent of the working
age population had education above secondary level.
This indicates that
majority of the working age population lacked secondary education and is
therefore of low quality (unskilled).
Table 2.1:
Distribution of the Working Age Population (14 to 64
Years) by Selected Characteristics
Number
(‘000)
Percentage
Male
Female
Both Sexes
Residence
Urban
1,754
14.9
14.4
14.7
Rural
10,209
85.1
85.6
85.3
751
6.3
6.3
6.3
Region
Kampala
Central
3,415
29.0
28.1
28.5
Central without Kampala
2,665
22.7
21.8
22.3
Eastern
2,962
24.5
25.0
24.8
Northern
2,419
20.2
20.3
20.2
Western
3,168
26.3
26.6
26.5
2,519
13.0
28.4
21.0
Education
None
Primary
6,720
59.3
53.3
56.2
Secondary (S1 – S3)
1,381
13.1
10.2
11.5
S4 & S5
636
6.7
4.1
5.3
S6 & Above
707
7.9
4.1
5.9
11,963
47.7
52.3
100
Uganda
Figure 2.2 shows that majority of the working age population is in the age
bracket 15- 19 years, while a few of them were 55 years and above. It is also
observed that the proportion of the working age population decreases as age
increases.
2 The 2002 census defined Urban areas as only gazetted urban areas (cities, municipalities and
town councils)
10
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Figure 2.2
Economic Activity
Age distribution of the Working Ag e Population
25
21.9
20
17.7
14.5
Percent
15
11.5
10
8.3
6.8
5.2
5
4.4
4
2.7
3
0
14
15 – 19
20 – 24
25 – 29
30 – 34
35 – 39
40 – 44
45 – 49
50 – 54
55 – 59
60 – 64
Age
2.2.2
Activity Status of the Working Age Population
Figure 2.3 shows that more than half of the working age population was
economically active while three percent were looking for work. The remaining
44 percent were outside the labour force. Figure 2.3 shows some minor
variations in the distribution of the working age population by sex.
Figure 2.3:
Distribution of Working Age Population by Activity Status
80
60
51
36
40
38
37
23
20
11
3
2
0
Working
(non-Subsistence)
Working
(Subsistence)
Male
11
Looking for Work
Female
Inactive
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
2.3
Economic Activity
Labour Force
The labour force (the economically active population) comprises of all persons
aged 14 to 64 years who, during the reference period (last 7 days) were either
employed or unemployed that is its part of the working age population. The
employed persons refers to all persons who were employed in the week prior
to the census night, and were categorized as being in; paid employment
(employees) or self-employment (employers, own-account workers, members
of producers' cooperatives, contributing family workers) depending on where
they spent more time. The unemployed persons include all persons aged 14
to 64 years who during the reference period of the seven days prior to the
census were;
a.
Without work that is were not in paid employment or self
employment
b.
Currently available for work that is were available for paid
employment or self employment during the last 4 weeks
c.
Seeking for work, but included those who did not necessarily
seek work that is did not necessarily take steps to search.
2.3.1
Size and Sex Composition of the Labour Force
The 2002 Census showed that the country had a labour force of about 6.7
The labour force is
6.7million persons
million persons, which constituted 56 percent of the working population as
depicted in Table 2.2.
The proportion was slightly higher for males (53
percent) compared to that of females (47 percent).
2.3.2
Distribution of the Labour Force by Selected Characteristics
Table 2.2 shows that the distribution of the labour force by residence as
86 % of the labour
force resides in rural
areas
stated above was almost proportional to the regional distribution of the total
population. Eighty six percent of the labour force resided in the rural areas.
The proportion of the males in the labour force residing in urban areas was 15
percent, slightly higher than that their female counterparts of 12 percent.
The distribution of the labour force by region was proportional to the regional
Central region had the
highest proportion of
the labour force
distribution of the total population.
The Central region had the highest
proportion of the labour force of 31 percent, followed by the Western region
with 27 percent. The Northern region had the least proportion of the labour
force of 19 percent. However, apart from the Central region, the proportion of
the labour force is higher among females compared to their male counterparts
in all the other three regions.
12
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
About 25 percent of the labour force in 2002 had never been to school.
77 % of the labour
force was below
secondary education
level
Those with primary and 53 percent had primary level education. If a working
minimum level of education necessary to function in a modern economy is
fixed at senior four and above, then, only 13 percent of the labour force had
that minimum qualification. Therefore, the ability for most of the labour force
to compete for jobs in the formal sector was limited.
Education levels in the labour force varied by sex. Thirty four percent of the
females in the labour force had no education compared to 16 percent of their
male counterparts. About 5 percent of the female working population had
education level above senior six compared to 9 percent for their male
counterparts.
The United Nations defines a youth as a person aged 15 to 24 years while in
46 % of the labour
force was youths
Uganda; a youth is defined as a person aged 18 to 30 years. The proportion
of the youths in the total labour force is 30 and 46 percent according to the
international and national definitions of the youth respectively. In all instances
female youth are more likely to join the labour force (32 and 48 percent) than
their male counterparts (28 and 45 percent) respectively.
This is likely to imply that the school drop-out rate is higher for females than
males. The youth need to be planned for because many of them are leaving
school and joining the labour force for the first time, and may not have any
experience. It should be noted that 70 percent of the labour force were adults
i.e. aged 25 to 64. The proportion was slightly higher for males (72 percent)
compared to that of females (67 percent).
13
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Table 2.2:
Economic Activity
Distribution of the Labour Force by Selected
Characteristics
Percentage
Background Characteristics
Male
Female
Both sexes
Number (‘000)
Residence
Urban
15.4
11.5
13.6
960
Rural
84.6
88.5
86.4
5,708
Regions
Kampala
7.0
5.2
6.2
265
Central without Kampala
25.0
22.4
23.8
899
Central
32.0
27.6
29.9
2,051
Eastern
22.8
24.0
23.4
1,547
Northern
18.9
19.6
19.3
1,259
Western
26.3
28.8
27.5
1,810
None
15.7
34.0
24.3
1,531
Primary
56.3
49.7
53.2
3,599
Secondary (S1 – S3)
Education
11.5
7.6
9.7
657
S4 & S5
7.1
3.7
5.5
377
S6 & Above
9.3
5.1
7.3
504
15 – 24 (Youth – International)
27.6
32.0
29.6
2,026
18 – 30 (Youth – National)
44.9
48.1
46.4
2,814
25 – 64 (Adults)
71.8
67.3
69.7
4,592
Uganda
53.1
46.9
100.0
6,668
Special Groups
2.3.3
Age Distribution of the Labour Force
As potrayed in the Figure 2.3, the size of the labour force increases from the
The labour force was
at peak in the 20 to 24
year age group
age group 15 to 19 years, reaches a peak at the age group of 20 to 24 years,
and then it starts dropping. This means the age group of 20-24 years which is
closely followed by 25-29 year age bracket have the highest percentage of the
labour force.
In these age brackets, many persons are completing there
education and attaining certificates, diplomas or degrees. Beyond these age
groups, the size of the labour force falls as age increases. About 81 percent
of the labour force falls within the age group of 20 to 54 years. In Uganda, a
person is expected to retire from public service at the age of 55 years.
14
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Figure 2.4:
Economic Activity
Distribution of the Labour Force by Age Groups
20.0
18.1
18.0
17.7
16.0
14.8
14.0
12.3
12.0
Percent
10.7
10.0
8.7
8.0
5.7
6.0
4.9
4.0
3.3
3.1
2.0
0.7
0.0
14
15 – 19
20 – 24
25 – 29
30 – 34
35 – 39
40 – 44
45 – 49
50 – 54
55 – 59
60 – 64
Age Groups
2.3.4
Distribution of the Labour force by Marital Status
Majority of the labour force were currently married (67 percent) with no major
variations between males and females, as shown in Table 2.3. Twenty two
percent of the labour force had never married, the proportion being higher for
males (27 percent) compared to their female counterparts (16 percent).
However, 11 percent of the labour force was either widowed, had divorced or
separated.
Table 2.3: Marital Status of the Labour force
Percentage
Marital Status
Male
Female
Both sexes
Never married
27.4
15.5
21.9
Married
66.8
67.7
67.2
Widowed/Divorced/Separated
5.8
16.8
10.9
Uganda
100
100
100
2.4
Labour Force Participation Rate
The labour force participation rate measures to what extent, which a country’s
working age population is economically active (or in the labour force). It is the
size of the labour force relative to the size of the working age population. The
labour force participation rate provides an indication of the relative size of the
supply of labour available for the production of goods and services. Table 2.4
15
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
shows that the over all the labour force participation rate was 56 percent with
no major differences by residence. The labour force participation rate for
males in the rural areas was higher than that for those living in urban areas
(67 percent compared to 62). The participation rate for females in urban
areas was slightly higher in rural areas compared to their urban counterparts.
Among the regions, Central region had the highest labour force participation
rate of 60 percent while the Eastern and Northern had the lowest rate of 52
percent. This is partly attributed to the fact that several females are engaged
in household domestic duties. The labour force participation rates by district
are shown in Appendix Table 2.1.
The results also show that persons with education level of senior six and
above had the highest labour force participation rate of 71 percent. This is
partly because many of them have already left school and joined the labour
force. This is followed by those with no education at all of 60 percent. The
labour force participation rates for persons with primary or secondary
education is slightly lower than those without any education level or those who
have completed senior six and above because several of these persons are
still attending school, hence they have not yet joined the labour force.
The labour force participation rate reaches a peak at the age group of 35 to
44 years, beyond which it starts to fall. In general, female participation rates
are lower than those of their male counterparts. This is partly because many
females are engaged in non-economic activities. i.e. is domestic duties like
cooking at home or caring for own children. The domestic duties do not
contribute to measured national income according to the System of National
Accounts (SNA).
16
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Table2.4:
Economic Activity
Labour Force Participation Rates by Selected
Characteristics
Percentage
Background Characteristics
Male
Female
Both sexes
Residence
Urban
67.3
42.9
54.7
Rural
61.8
50.6
55.9
70.3
50.4
60.1
Eastern
69.3
58.0
51.5
47.1
60.2
52.2
Northern
57.6
47.0
52.1
Western
62.1
52.7
57.2
None
72.2
56.0
60.8
Primary
59.8
47.2
53.6
Secondary (S1 – S3)
55.3
38.4
47.5
S4 & S5
67.3
47.2
59.3
S6 & Above
75.6
63.8
71.3
Regions
Central
Central without Kampala
Education
Age groups
14
8.0
8.1
8.0
15 – 19
31.8
30.8
31.3
20 – 24
63.7
51.5
57.0
25 – 29
79.5
58.4
68.3
30 – 34
82.2
60.6
71.4
35 – 39
82.3
61.9
71.7
40 – 44
81.5
62.5
71.7
45 – 49
80.8
62.0
70.9
50 – 54
78.3
59.9
68.3
55 – 59
75.4
56.0
64.9
60 – 64
70.9
52.1
61.1
Special Groups
15 – 24 years (Youth – International)
45.4
40.4
42.8
18 – 30 years (Youth – National
Definition)
25 – 64 years (Adults)
65.1
51.7
57.8
80.1
69.5
69.5
15 – 64 years
65.7
51.7
58.4
Uganda
62.6
49.5
55.7
Table 2.5 shows the five districts with highest and five districts with the lowest
labour force participation rate. Kalangala has the highest participation rate of
76 percent (91 percent for males and 49 percent for females), Kaberamaido
had the least participation rate of 18 percent.
17
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Table 2.5:
Economic Activity
Labour Force Participation Rates (LFPR) in selected
districts by sex
District
Highest LFPR
Male
Female
Total
Kalangala
90.8
49.3
75.7
Ssembabule
76.0
67.9
71.8
Kamwenge
69.7
69.1
69.4
Mubende
73.3
61.5
67.3
Kaberamaido
24.2
11.7
17.7
Moyo
31.6
24.9
28.3
Katakwi
37.9
27.0
32.0
Nakapiripirit
53.1
19.1
35.6
lowest LFPR
2.5
Unemployment
Since there are no unemployment benefits in Uganda, all able bodied persons
attempt to do some work. Hence, unemployment is a state of total lack of
work for those persons who were without work, willing to work but did not do
anything i.e. zero hours in the last 7 days.
The questions used in 2002
Census were not detailed enough to capture the levels of underemployment
and therefore this information is not presented in this report.
For Uganda as whole, unemployment was 5 percent (5 percent for males and
4 percent for females).
Among the regions, the Central region had the
highest unemployment rate (7 percent) and the least rate was exhibited in the
Northern and Western regions with 3.4 percent. The high rate for Central
region is partially due to the high unemployment rate for Kampala since its
Unemployment was
5 % while youth
unemployment rate
was 7 %
exclusion leads to a reduction in rate for Central region to 5.6 percent. The
youth unemployment rate was 7 percent which is high compared to that for
the young persons (18-30 years) which is 2 percent.
The level of education has a direct relationship with the unemployment rate.
Persons with primary
education and no
education had the
lowest Unemployment
Rate
From table 2.6 it is seen that the lowest unemployment rate is seen among
those with no schooling or with primary education (about 4 percent) while
those with post secondary education had the highest unemployment rate (7
percent). This could be attributed to the fact that persons with no formal
education may be willing to take on any form of employment. Among the
population with post primary education, the unemployment rate was higher for
women than men.
18
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Table 2.6:
Economic Activity
Unemployment Rate by Socio-economic Characteristics
and Sex
Socio–economic Characteristics
Unemployment Rate
Characteristics
Male
Female
Total
Residence
Urban
8.9
11.6
10.0
Rural
4.6
2.7
3.7
Central
6.9
7.3
7.1
Central without Kampala
6.1
5.1
5.6
Eastern
4.8
2.5
3.7
Northern
4.0
2.7
3.4
Western
4.5
2.2
3.4
15 – 24
8.7
5.7
6.9
18-30
2.9
1.7
2.3
None
5.9
2.8
3.9
Primary
4.6
3.1
3.9
Secondary
5.7
7.1
6.2
Above secondary
6.4
8.8
7.2
Total (14 – 64 yrs)
5.2
3.8
4.6
Region
Selected Age Groups
Educational Attainment
2.6:
Economically Inactive Population
Economically inactive people are those among the working age population
who during the reference period (last 7 days prior to the census) were neither
employed nor unemployed and not working because of school attendance;
household duties; retirement or old age; or other reasons like not interested in
working, and disability etc. Economically inactive people were not engaged in
any economic activity during the reference period.
19
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
2.6.1:
Economic Activity
Size and Sex Composition
Table 2.7 shows that a total of 5.3 million persons of the population were
Economically
inactive females
outnumber the
males
economically inactive. Out of these, 3.2 million were females representing 60
percent, and 2.1 million males representing 40 percent of the total
economically inactive population.
2.6.2:
Spatial Distribution of Inactive population
Economic inactivity is more of a rural phenomenon than urban. 4.5 million of
the economically inactive population resided in rural areas and only 0.8 million
were in urban areas as potrayed in Table 2.7. This is because Uganda’s
population is predominantly rural.
In the rural areas males (87 percent) were more likely to be economically
inactive than their female (84 percent) counterparts whereas the reverse is
true in the urban areas where females (16 percent) were more likely to be
inactive compared to their male counterparts at 13 percent.
The distribution of the economically inactive persons among the regions was
more or less equal.
Northern region had the lowest number of the
economically inactive at 22 percent and Eastern region had the highest
proportion of the economically inactive population of 27 percent, accounting
for 1,415,194 persons of the total.
The proportion of females who are
economically inactive in Kampala district is (7 percent) higher compared to
that of males (4 percent).
Almost 20 percent of the economically inactive population had no education at
all, while 58 percent had primary level education. Females with no education
at all are more likely to be economically inactive (26 percent) compared to
their male counterparts (10 percent).
Majority of the economically inactive population were in the age group of 15 to
19 years (34 percent), followed by those in the age group of 20 to 24 years
After the age of 19,
more females are
economiclly inactive
(17 percent). Several people in those age groups including those who are
aged 14 are still attending school. Almost 62 percent of economically inactive
population is below the age of 25. After the age of 19, females are more likely
to be economically inactive compared to their male counterparts.
20
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Table 2.7:
Economic Activity
Economically Inactive Population 14 to 64 Years by
Selected Background Characteristics
Inactive Population
Socio–economic
Characteristics
Number
Male
Both
sexes
Female
Residence
Rural
Urban
Region
Kampala
4,501,049
87.0
83.6
85.0
794,712
13.0
16.4
15.0
302,931
4.4
6.6
5.7
1,061,280
18.6
21.0
20.0
Central
1,364,211
23.0
27.6
25.8
Eastern
1,415,194
27.5
26.2
26.7
Northern
1,159,256
22.8
21.2
21.9
Western
1,357,100
26.6
24.9
25.6
Central without Kampala
Education Level
No Education
Primary
Secondary (S1-S3)
Secondary (S4 & S5)
S6 & Above
987,635
9.7
25.0
18.8
3,073,308
63.5
55.2
58.6
724,730
15.7
12.5
13.8
259,225
5.9
4.3
4.9
203,123
5.2
3.0
3.9
Age
14
571,921
13.4
9.0
10.8
15-19
1,802,583
41.0
29.4
34.0
20-24
908,582
16.2
17.8
17.2
25-29
549,882
7.8
12.1
10.4
30-34
395,251
5.8
8.6
7.5
35-39
40-44
281,281
228,530
4.0
3.4
6.2
5.0
5.3
4.3
45-49
154,622
2.3
3.4
2.9
50-54
150,909
2.2
3.3
2.8
55-59
112,266
1.7
2.4
2.1
60-64
139,924
2.3
2.9
2.6
Total
5,295,761
40.3
59.7
100
2.7:
Inactivity rate
The inactivity rate is the proportion of the working age population that is not in
The inactivity rate
is lowest in the
age group 35-44
the labour force. The inactivity rate was highest at the age of 14 years (92
percent) and declines with age, reaching the lowest level of 28 percent in the
age groups of 35 – 39 years and 40 – 44 years. It then rises there after as
shown in Table 2.8. The pattern was the same for the males and females.
21
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
The high inactivity rates exhibited between the ages of 14 to 24 years can be
explained by the fact that this is the prime age for school going.
Table 2.8:
Inactivity rate by age group
Inactivity Rate
Age Group
Male
Female
Total
14
91.1
91.3
92.0
15-19
67.7
69.0
68.7
20-24
36.5
48.8
43.0
25-29
30.7
42.1
31.7
30-34
19.1
39.9
28.6
35-39
18.0
38.6
28.3
40-44
18.8
37.9
28.3
45-49
19.4
38.3
29.1
50-54
22
40.4
31.7
55-59
24.9
44.3
38.9
60-64
29.2
48.0
44.3
Total
37.4
50.5
44.3
2.8:
Status of Economically Inactive Persons
During the census the economically inactive persons were classified into
several categories including household workers, fulltime students, those who
were too old to work, pensioners, etc.
From Table 2.6, household work (which mostly includes household chores
like cooking, fetching water, washing utensils and clothes, cleaning house and
compound, etc.) featured as the prominent reason for not being economically
active among persons aged 14 to 64 years of age (2.6 million) followed by
those attending school i.e. full time students (2.1 million). This accounted for
48 percent and 39 percent of the total economically inactive population
respectively.
The proportion of women engaged in household work (61
percent) was significantly higher (slightly more than twice) than that for men
(29 percent). This could be attributed to the cultural tendencies in our society,
that housework is a domain of females. The proportion of males attending
school (full time students) is far much higher for males (54 percent) than that
of females (29 percent).
The proportion of economically inactive persons that is of concern is that of
people not working and not looking for work who constitute (10 percent).
Less than one percent of the economically inactive persons were either retired
or pensioners.
22
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Table 2.9:
Economic Activity
Reasons for not working
Reason
Number
Household work
2,555,392
28.8
61.4
48.3
Full time student
2,052,385
53.7
28.7
38.8
Not working and not looking for work
513,934
13.9
6.9
9.7
Too old or too young
107,593
1.7
2.2
2.0
Retired/pensioner
15,815
0.5
0.1
0.3
Others
50,642
1.7
0.6
1.0
5,295,761
100
100
100
Total
2.9:
Male
Female
Both sexes
Economic activity at Community Level
The census collected information about the most dominant economic
activities of the community. This was based on the perception of the opinion
leaders in the community.
Majority of the persons in the communities were engaged in crop farming.
Majority of the
residents in
communities are
engaged in crop
farming-87%
Table 2.10 shows that 4 out 5 of the communities were engaged in crop
farming, closely followed by animal rearing. The two activities collectively
accounted for 90 percent of the communities’ economic activities.
Eight
percent of the communities were in employment income in the Central region
compared to only 1 percent in the Northern region.
Table 2.10:
Economic
Activity
Crop farming
Economic Activities of Communities
Central
without
K’la
Kampal
a
Central
Easter
n
N
W
Ugand
a
81.8
0.1
75.7
90.0
88.6
89.9
86.6
Animal rearing
Employment
income
Trading
in
agricultural
Produce
5.2
1.7
4.8
1.7
4.1
3.5
3.5
4.3
64.2
7.9
2.1
1.2
1.8
3.0
3.3
9.3
2.8
2.3
2.1
1.9
2.3
Fishing
Trading in
non-agricultural
products
2.2
1.0
4.0
1.6
1.4
0.9
1.8
2.2
19.4
3.5
1.5
1.2
1.4
1.8
Other
1.1
4.2
1.3
0.9
1.4
0.6
1.0
Total
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Number
8,389
687
9,076 10,274
Note: C=Central - E=Eastern - N=Northern - W=Western
11,055
12,799
43,204
23
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
2.10: Summary
The working age population (14 to 64 years) is about 12 million persons of
which 6.3 million (52 percent) are female.
It was found that 85 percent of the working age population resided in rural
areas while only 15 percent are in urban areas.
There were 6.7 million persons who were economically active (the labour
force) of which 53 percent were females and 86 percent of them were was
residing in rural areas.
The total number of persons not in the labour force (not economically active)
were 5.3 million persons representing 44 percent of the total working age
population. The overall inactivity rate was therefore about 44 percent. This
rate was higher for females at 51 percent than males at 37 percent. The
Northern and Eastern regions had the highest inactivity rate of 48 percent.
Crop farming was a predominant activity of communities in Uganda followed
by animal rearing and employment income.
24
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
CHAPTER 3:
Economic Activity
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WORKING
POPULATION
3.1
Background
The working population refers to persons who are gainfully employed or
otherwise occupied with production. In Uganda, the working population refers
to persons aged 14-64 years who were either engaged in work for pay or
profit during the last seven days prior to the census; or had formal job
attachment during the same reference period or were unpaid family workers.
Therefore, the working population refers to the employed labour force. The
labour force comprises of persons who during the past 7 days, prior to the
census were either employed or unemployed but looking for work.
The
census showed that the country’s labour force aged 14-64 years was about
6.7 million persons.
The working population underpins the high rates of economic growth that
Uganda has experienced over a decade following steadfast implementation of
macroeconomic stabilization policies.
As a means of ensuring that the
benefits of economic growth reach the poor, the Poverty Eradication Action
Plan (PEAP) was formulated as the overall national planning framework. The
PEAP is being implemented through sector policies, plans and programmes.
One of the sector plans that directly address the challenges faced by the
working population is the Social Development Sector Strategic Investment
Plan (SDIP), which targets such social development concerns as inequity,
inequality, exclusion, unemployment and low productivity. More specifically, it
maps out interventions designed to create an enabling environment for
increasing employment opportunities and productivity for improved livelihoods
and social security for all, especially the poor and vulnerable.
3.2
Status in Employment
Status in employment refers to wage and salaried workers (employees), the
self employed (employers and own account workers) and unpaid family
workers. Such information provides insight into the socio economic status of
the society.
An economy with a high proportion of its working population as paid
employees signifies advanced economic development. A big proportion of
own account workers can be an indication of low development in the formal
25
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
economy and high reliance on the informal sector. A situation where large
shares of the employees are unpaid family workers portrays low development,
limited job creation, widespread poverty and often a largely rural economy.
Table 3.1 shows information on Status of Employment for selected countries.
The status of the working population is to a large extent influenced by such
factors as rural/urban divide, geographical location, educational levels, sex
and age.
Self-employment is in many instances a euphemism for
underemployment, and is therefore likely to feature more where and for whom
employment opportunities are scarce.
Table 3.1:
Employment Status for selected countries
Country
Year
Wage &
salaried
workers
(employees)
(%)
Employers
(a) (%)
Ownaccount
workers
(b) (%)
Total
selfemployed
workers
(a+b)
Contributin
g family
workers (%)
Austria
2001
87.2
5.4
5
10.4
2.4
Botswana
2000
69.7
13.2
-
-
17.1
France
2001
91.1
-
-
8.9
0
Ghana
1992
16.9
-
-
81.2
-
Japan
2001
83.7
2.7
8.1
10.8
5.1
Kenya
1994
20.8
-
-
17.6
-
Netherlands
2001
89
-
-
10.4
0.6
New Zealand
2001
80.1
7.2
11.8
19
0.9
South Africa
2002
80.7
14.8
3.4
18.2
1
Sweden
2001
90
-
-
9.7
0.3
UK
2001
88.4
-
-
11.2
0.3
Uganda
2002
16.0
0.4
42.6
Source: Key Indicators of Labour market Third Edition-ILO
Dash (-) indicates figures are not available
43
41
Table 3.2 shows that 43 percent of the working population is self-employed.
This high percentage is an indication of low growth in the formal economy,
thus a high rate of job creation in the informal economy. This was followed by
unpaid family workers.
A large share of unpaid family (41 percent) also
indicates a situation of poor development, minimal job generation growth,
widespread poverty and large rural economy.
The share of the wage-
employed population is low at about 16 percent.
This observed small
proportion of employee’s category in the economy indicates slow economic
development.
Central region had a notable percentage of working population who worked as
employees compared to other regions. Given that a large share of employee
signifies high level of development, this explains low poverty in the central
region.
26
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
Table 3.2 also shows that the working population who had attained higher
71 % of paid
employees
had above
secondary
education
levels of education has higher chances of getting paid employment jobs; the
results have revealed that 71 percent of paid employees have above
secondary education.
Lack of formal education is most likely to consign
people to being unpaid family workers while completion of primary education
concentrates people in self-employment while secondary and post-secondary
education enables relatively larger numbers to get paid employment.
Table3.2:
Percentage distribution of employed persons by Selected
Characteristics
Self
Unpaid
Employed
Family
Paid
All
Worker
Employee
Categories
Sex
Male
Female
60.3
18.1
21.6
100.0
24.1
66.1
9.9
100.0
Residence
Urban
41.2
8.7
50.1
100.0
43.6
45.6
10.8
100.0
44.7
27.3
27.9
100.0
44.4
45.1
10.5
100.0
43.0
47.7
9.3
100.0
41.0
46.2
12.8
100.0
40.0
54.4
5.6
100.0
46.5
43.3
10.3
100.0
45.2
24.2
30.6
100.0
23.5
5.9
70.6
100.0
15-24
24.4
60.1
15.5
100.0
18-30
35.3
46.7
18.0
100.0
14-64
43.3
40.6
16.1
100.0
25-64
51.7
31.9
16.4
100.0
Rural
Region
Central region
Eastern region
Northern region
Western region
Educational Attainment
No Formal Education
Primary
Secondary
Above Secondary
Special age groups
Uganda
43.3
40.6
16.1
100.0
Note: special age groups: 15-24- youth (International), 18-30- youth Constitutional, 25-64adults, 14-64- labour force
From Table 3.3, it is observed that on the overall, the majority of the working
One in every
6 working persons
were employees
population was self employed (44 percent), followed by unpaid family workers
(41 percent), with the remaining 15 percent being Paid employees. The low
proportion of paid employee was because of the large proportion of the
27
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
working population who were either subsistence farmers or unpaid family
worker.
Among the working females, the majority (66 percent) were unpaid family
workers while the male working population dominated the self employed
category. Only 9 percent of the working females were in paid employment
compared to 20 percent for their male counterparts. Paid employees were
more likely to be found in the Central and Western regions compared to the
Eastern and the Northern regions. This is reflective of the level of economic
development taking place in those regions.
Table 3.3:
Percentage Distribution of the Working Population by Status in
Employment and Socio-Economic Characteristics
Socio-Economic
Characteristics
Self
Employed
Unpaid Family
Worker
Paid
Employee
Total
Sex
Male
59.9
19.8
20.3
100
Female
24.9
65.8
9.4
100
Residence
Urban
41.3
9.1
49.6
100
Rural
43.9
46.0
10.1
100
45.4
28.0
26.6
100
Central Exc. Kampala City
47.4
33.9
18.7
100
Eastern
45.1
45.1
9.8
100
Northern
42.4
49.0
8.6
100
Western
41.1
46.8
12.1
100
No Formal Education
40.0
55.0
5.0
100
Primary
46.8
43.2
10.0
100
Secondary
45.7
24.0
30.3
100
Above Secondary
24.1
6.1
69.8
100
14 – 19
13.5
73.8
12.6
100
20 – 24
31.5
51.1
17.4
100
25 – 39
46.9
34.1
19.0
100
40 – 64
59.7
28.3
12.1
100
Uganda
43.6
41.3
15.2
100
Region
Central
Education Attainment
Age Groups
The level of productivity and earnings and, hence the access to remunerative
employment, of an individual is positively related to his/her level of education.
Table 3.4 shows that 78 percent of all the working population had either no
28
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
formal education or were below secondary education.
This means that
creating the demand for jobs alone without having a labour force with the
necessary skills to match the available jobs opportunities may not solve the
under-employment and unemployment problem in the country.
Table 3.4 reveals that of 76 percent of the unpaid family workers were
females. Only 29 percent of all persons in paid employment were females.
Eastern and
Northern Regions
had the least
percentage of paid
employees
Among the working females only 10 percent are in paid employment (Table
3.4). Paid employees are more likely to be found in central and western
regions compared to the eastern and northern regions.
This may be a
reflectiion of the level of economic development taking place in those
regions
Table 3.4:
Working Population Percent distribution by employment
categories and Socio-economic characteristics
Self
Employed
Unpaid Family
Worker
Paid
Employee
All
Categories
Sex
Male
74.0
23.7
71.3
53.1
Female
26.0
76.3
28.7
46.9
Urban
12.9
2.9
42.2
13.6
Rural
87.1
97.1
57.8
86.4
Central
30.9
20.1
51.9
29.9
Eastern
24.0
26.0
15.2
23.4
Northern
19.1
22.6
11.1
19.3
Western
26.0
31.3
21.8
27.5
22.4
32.6
8.5
24.3
Primary
57.1
56.7
33.9
53.2
Secondary
17.3
9.9
31.5
16.5
3.2
0.9
26.1
6.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Residence
Region
Educational
Attainment
No Formal Education
Above Secondary
Uganda
3.2
Industry
Industry is defined as the type of activity carried out by the enterprise where a
person is working. Industry in the 2002 Census was categorized using the
International Standard of Industrial Classifications (ISIC) Revision III.
29
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
The agriculture sector
employs 73 % of the
working population
Economic Activity
Agriculture employed 73 percent of the working population (81 percent of the
females and 67 percent of the males). This is a reflection of Uganda’s low
level of overall economic performance. Uganda’s predominantly agricultural
economy is most likely to be generally backward. Manufacturing employs a
paltry 2.3 percent with the ratio of men twice as high as that for women. All
industries were dominated by men except the agricultural sector, which
dominated by women and is the least dynamic and lowest paying sector.
Table 3.5:
Percentage Distribution of the Working Population (14 –
64 Years) Industry and Sex
Industry
Male
Agriculture
Female
Both sexes
66.5
81.1
73.3
Wholesale and Retail Trade
5.5
4.7
5.1
Education
3.6
2.8
3.2
Manufacturing
3.1
1.5
2.3
Transport, Storage and Communication
3.5
0.2
1.9
Fishing
2.9
0.5
1.8
Public Administration
2.7
0.8
1.8
Construction
3.1
0.1
1.7
Others
12.0
10.2
9.5
Total
100
100
100
Figure 3.1 shows that the majority of those who were in employment (77
77 % of the working
population were in
agriculture sector
percent) were in agriculture (the primary sector).
The census findings
matched with those of earlier surveys in indicating that the majority of the
work force is engaged in subsistence farming. This is largely due to the fact
that there have been very slow shifts in the employment patterns from
agricultural to industry and to services as is the trend in developed
economies. The large share of the primary sector reflects a stagnant share of
wage employment and a high proportion of contributing family workers who
are widespread in the rural sector in Uganda.
30
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Figure 3.1:
Economic Activity
Percentage distribution of employed persons by Sector
of employment and sex
90
77.4
76.7
80
77.05
70
60
50
40
30
19.8
17.6
20
10
18.7
5.7
2.9
4.3
Male
Female
Both Sexes
0
Agriculture
Manufacturing
Services
Table 3.6 illustrates that for developed countries (such as Australia, Canada
Denmark, Taiwan, China) agriculture contributes less than 10 percent to the
total employment, while for less developed countries (such as Angola, Sudan
and Uganda) over 70 percent are employed in agriculture.
Table 3.6:
Employment by sector for selected countries
Country
Year
Agriculture (%)
Uganda
2002
77.1
Angola
1990
Sudan
1990
Industry (%)
Services (%)
4.3
18.7
74.5
8
17.4
69.5
8.5
22.1
Kenya
1999
18.6
19.5
61.9
Korea, Republic
2001
10.3
27.4
62.3
Taiwan, China
1997
9.6
28.5
61.9
Australia
2001
4.9
20.9
74.1
Denmark
2001
3.3
25.4
70.9
22.7
74.4
Canada
2001
2.9
Source: Key Indicators of Labour market Third Edition-ILO
3.4
Occupation
Occupation refers to the actual work that a person does at his/her place of
work whether in paid employment, unpaid family worker or self-employment.
The occupations were classified according to the International Standard
Classification of Occupations (ISCO) 1988 but were customised to the
Uganda situation.
7 in every 10
employed persons
were subsistence
agricultural
workers
Table 3.7 shows the distribution of the workforce by occupation. It shows that
the majority of the working population (71 percent) was in subsistence
agriculture and fisheries workers. The other significant categories are Service
31
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
and Sales Workers, Craft Related Workers and the Associate Professionals.
The remaining groups all contributed less than 5 percent of the total work
force.
In the urban areas the share of subsistence agriculture was less dominant (12
percent) compared to 80 percent for the rural areas. A sizeable percentage of
workers in the workforce in urban areas were in service and sales occupation
(34 percent) or engaged in Elementary occupations (12 percent).
The Gender bias against females was manifested in all occupations apart
from Clerks, Agricultural and Fishery Workers as well as Service Workers,
Shop Attendants and Market Sales Workers. It should be noted that these
areas are all among the least paying and most menial which is characteristic
of many developing economies.
32
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Table 3.7:
Economic Activity
Percentage Distribution of the Working Population
(14 – 64 Years) by Major Occupational Group and Sex
Major Occupation
Rural
Categories
M
Urban
F
T
M
16.7
12.3
Total
F
T
M
F
T
87.8
79.9
63.1
79.9
71.0
Subsistence Agricultural
Worker
9.5
72.6
Service Workers, Shop
and
Market
Sales
Workers
25.8
45.9
33.7
5.7
5.4
5.6
8.8
9.9
9.3
Associate Professionals
13.0
15.1
13.8
5.7
3.2
4.5
6.8
4.5
5.7
Elementary Occupations
13.3
10.4
12.1
6.2
1.7
4.1
7.3
2.7
5.1
15.4
1.3
9.9
3.7
0.4
2.1
5.5
0.5
3.1
14.2
0.7
8.9
3.0
0.1
1.6
4.7
0.1
2.5
Workers
0.6
0.5
0.5
1.8
0.8
1.3
1.6
0.8
1.2
Professionals
4.8
3.5
4.3
0.6
0.2
0.4
1.2
0.6
0.9
Clerks
1.8
4.5
2.9
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.6
0.7
0.6
Officials/Administrators
1.7
1.4
1.5
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.4
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Craft
and
Related
and
Machine
Workers
Plant
Operators
and
Assemblers
Market
Oriented
Agricultural and Fishery
Managers/Senior
M=Males, F= Female, T= Both sexes
The census indicates that agriculture was the dominant economic activity in
the country. The sector provided employment for 72 percent of the labour
force. However, most of the agriculture is of subsistence nature. Subsistence
farming is usually associated with, risk and uncertainty (especially when
based on seasonal rains) and low productivity. It is generally characterised by
engagement in crop production, stock rearing and associated activities mainly
for ‘own consumption’.
Figure 3.2 shows that 69 percent of the employed persons were engaged in
subsistence agriculture. There were more subsistence agricultural workers
among the females (80 percent) compared to the males (63 percent). About
79 percent of the working population in rural areas was engaged in
subsistence farming and Central region had the least percentage of
subsistence farmers in comparision to others.
33
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
The level of education is directly related to one being engaged in subsistence
or non subsistence economic activity. Overall, 86 percent of working persons
with no formal education were engaged in subsistence agriculture compared
to 12 percent for those who had attained above secondary level of education.
Figure 3.2:
Proportion of the Working Population (14 – 64 Years) who
were engaged in Subsistence farming
100
80
Percent
80
69
79
76
82
86
76
75
63
51
60
44
40
12
20
12
.
Ed
u
P
c
Se rim
c o ary
nd
a
Te r y
rti
ar
y
o
N
C
en
t
Ea ral
st
N ern
or
th
W ern
es
te
rn
rb
an
R
ur
al
U
M
a
Fe l e
m
al
e
U
ga .
nd
a
0
Characteristics
3.7
Summary
Uganda’s working population was 6.4 million persons, with 70 percent of this
population predominantly in agriculture. Women are predominantly engaged
in subsistence agriculture and elsewhere as unpaid family workers.
Professional, managerial and other top paying decision-making level jobs
were dominated by males. The Ugandan labour force consists of persons
aged 14 to 64 years who were either employed (in paid employment, selfemployed and unpaid family workers) or unemployed (without work and
available for work).
It is estimated that there were 12 million Ugandans in working age group, of
which 6.4 million were in the labour force. More females (52 percent) were
either working or looking for work as compared to males but they were less
likely to be employed. Most of the labour force was rural based. Participation
levels by sex showed higher participation rates among women in rural than
those in urban areas. The largest portion of the labour force was found in the
Central region. Persons with out formal education or primary education are
more likely to find jobs compared to those with secondary education and
above.
34
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
About 69 percent of the employed persons were subsistence farmers, 80
percent were female, compared to 61 percent of the employed males. The
census findings showed that about 9 in every 10 persons without formal
education were more likely to be in subsistence agriculture with the
percentage of subsistence farmers reducing as education levels increase.
35
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
This page is blank
36
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
CHAPTER 4: MICRO AND SMALL SCALE ENTERPRISES
4.1
Background
A business enterprise is an economic activity that is operated with the view of
making profit. The number of persons engaged in the activity was used to
classify an enterprise. An enterprise with 1 to 4 persons was classified as
micro scale, while one with 5 to 9 persons was classified as a small
scaleenterprise.
The 2002 Census included a module on Micro and Small scale Enterprises
(MSEs). The module solicited information on the type of business, ownership,
employment and premises of the MSE operated by a household member in
the same district. This excluded enterprises engaging in primary agricultural
production. The information collected was linked to household members, and
is therefore associated with errors of omission (for persons not enumerated in
households) or duplication (where one MSE is operated by more than one
person and hence recorded more than once).
Past efforts to collect data on MSE include:
•
Survey of Industrial Production (by the Statistics Department)- 1963
•
Annual
Surveys
of
Industrial
Production
(by
the
Statistics
Department)- 1964 to 1969 and 1971
•
Survey of Industrial Production (by Statistics Department)- 1970
•
Census of Business Establishments (COBE)-1990
•
Integrated Household Survey (IHS) – 1991/2
•
Uganda Business Inquiry (UBI)- 2001/2002
•
Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) 2002/3
4.1.1
Objectives of the 2002 Census MSE module
The primary objective of the MSE module was to give an idea of the
magnitude of the sector. The data provides baseline information for many
studies and related surveys.
The module was to provide a basis for
constructing an appropriate sampling frame that could be utilized in a detailed
household based business enterprise survey and other related surveys.
37
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
4.2
There were over 1
million Micro and
Small Enterprises
Economic Activity
Distribution of MSEs
In the 2002 Census, a total of 1.1 million household based micro and small
business enterprises were recorded. Of these over one million (97 percent)
were Micro and 36,000 were small enterprises.
Table 4.1 shows that most of the MSEs were found in urban areas (99.7
percent). The Central region had the highest share of MSEs (35 percent),
followed by Eastern Region with 25 percent. The Western region had 23
percent while Northern Region had the least share (17 percent).
Table 4.1:
Spatial Distribution of MSEs by Residence and Region
Size of Enterprises
Micro
Small
Enterprises
Enterprises
Total
All MSEs
Percent
Rural
3,500
151
3,651
0.3
Urban
1,012,837
35,580
1,048,417
99.7
Residence
Region
Central
355,269
6,621
371,890
35.3
Central (Excl Kampala)
256,959
11,018
267,977
5.5
Eastern
260,261
7,465
267,726
25.4
Northern
170,387
4,307
174,694
16.6
Western
230,420
7,338
237,758
22.6
1,016,337
35,731
1,052,068
100
Total
4.2.1
Distribution of MSEs by District
Table 4.2 shows that the largest number of MSEs constituting 10 percent was
found in Kampala district and this could be attributed to the fact that it is
urban.
Wakiso had the second largest share of enterprises (5 percent).
Mbarara district had the highest percentage in the western region while Arua
district had the highest percentage in Northern Region.
In the Eastern
Region, Mbale district had proportionately more business enterprises
compared to other districts.
At the other end of the scale, as shown in Table 4.3, Nakapiripirit, Pader and
Yumbe had the least proportion (less than 1 percent) of business enterprises
in Uganda. Appendix Table 4.1 shows the distribution of MSE’s by District.
38
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Table 4.2:
Economic Activity
Districts with the highest Proportion of MSE’s in Uganda
DISTRICT
Percentage of Enterprises
Kampala
9.9
Wakiso
4.7
Mukono
4.1
Mbarara
4.0
Arua
3.8
Masaka
3.7
Mbale
3.4
Iganga
2.9
Bushenyi
2.8
Rakai
2.8
Apac
2.7
Lira
2.6
Table 4.3:
Districts with the Least Proportion of MSE’s in Uganda
DISTRICT
Percentage of Enterprises
Nakapiripirit
0.1
Pader
0.4
Yumbe
0.5
Kisoro
0.5
Kaberamaido
0.5
Ssembabule
0.6
Kalangala
0.6
Kitgum
0.6
Bundibugyo
0.6
Nakasongola
0.6
Kanungu
0.6
4.2.2
Distribution of Enterprises by Industry
Table 4.4 shows that nearly two thirds (63 percent) of the MSEs were
More than half of the
MSEs were engaged in
Trade
engaged in Trade, followed by the Manufacturing sector with 20 percent. Six
percent of the enterprises were engaged in the Transport, Storage and
Communication and the other sectors contributed less than 12 percent.
39
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Table 4.4:
Economic Activity
Distribution of MSEs by Industry
Number of
Type of Industry
Enterprises
Wholesale & Retail Trade, Motor
Vehicle Repairs
Per Percent Distribution
Micro
Small
Total
665.2
63.7
49.2
63.2
205.0
19.3
25.5
19.5
66.0
6.4
2.4
6.3
Community & Social services
26.0
2.5
2.7
2.5
Hotels and Restaurants
24.4
2.2
5.5
2.3
Construction
16.8
1.5
4.8
1.6
Education
13.3
1.2
2.7
1.3
Others
35.4
3.2
7.2
3.4
100
100
100
Manufacturing
Transport, Storage and
Communication
Total
1,052.1
Trade includes wholesale, retail, motor vehicle repairs
4.3
Employment in MSEs
The employment in MSEs includes employees and working proprietors. Table
4.5 shows that the MSEs were employing a total of 1.7 million persons
countrywide.
The distribution of the MSE employees is not even across the regions. Close
to two in every five persons employed in MSEs were females. Nearly half (48
percent) of persons engaged in enterprises in Northern region were women
implying that women had almost equal chances to those of men of being
engaged in enterprises in Northern region. In other regions, the percentage of
women engaged in enterprises was very close at 38, 36 and 39 percent for
Western, Eastern and Central region respectively.
Table 4.5:
Employment of MSEs by Residence and Region
Number of
Employees
Share of
National Total
Percentage of
Female
6,175
0.4
37.2
1,694,453
99.6
39.8
Central
637,230
37.5
39.7
Central (Excl Kampala)
456,728
26.9
39.0
Eastern
421,986
24.8
36.2
Northern
265,282
15.6
48.3
Western
376,130
22.1
37.9
1,700,628
100
39.8
Location
Residence
Rural
Urban
Region
Total
40
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
4.3.1
Economic Activity
Persons Engaged in MSEs by Industry
Table 4.5 shows that in the industry of Micro enterprise, most persons were
engaged in the Wholesale & retail trade, motor vehicle repairs industry and
this was followed by the manufacturing Industry.
More than half of the
persons engaged in hotel and restaurant industry together with the Private
Household with Employed Persons industry were females in the micro type of
enterprise. The small scale enterprises like wise had most persons employed
in the Wholesale & retail trade, motor vehicle repairs industry.
This was
followed by Manufacturing and Hotel & Restaurant industries. However, the
Hotel & Restaurant industry employed more females compared to either the
Wholesale & retail trade, motor vehicle repairs industry or the Manufacturing
industry.
Generally, Wholesale and Retail Trade Industry had the highest number of
persons engaged (over 1 million) in MSEs. The Hotel & Restaurant industry
employed more females than all other industries, while the Transport, Storage
and Communication, Construction and Fishing industries employed the least
proportion of females, each having less than 10 percent of the persons
engaged as females.
41
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Table 4.5:
Economic Activity
Distribution of Persons Engaged in MSEs by Industry
Micro
Industry
1.Agriculture, Hunting
and
Related Service
Small
Total
Numbe
r
%
Female
Numbe
r
%
Female
Numbe
r
%
Female
10,493
29.5
4,647
38.5
17,375
2. Fishing
9,339
6.2
3,585
11.3
18,417
7.2
3. Mining and Quarrying
5,689
30.3
1,837
34.7
8,989
31.2
232,455
46.7
54,472
36.5
347,777
45.1
4. Manufacturing
5. Electricity, Gas
and Water supply
6. Construction
7.Wholesale & retail
trade,
motor vehicle
repairs
8. Hotels & Restaurants
9. Transport, Storage
and Communication
10.
Financial
Intermediation
11. Real Estate, renting
and
business activities
12.
Public
Administration,
Defence,
Social
Security
13. Education
14. Other Community,
social services
15. Private Household
with
Employed Persons
16.Extra-territorial
organizations
and bodies
Total
4.3.2
31.9
312
21.0
77
23.4
196
21.9
17,972
5.4
10,527
10.9
35,541
7.1
776,643
41.3
104,484
39.3
1,042,7
85
41.1
28,125
68.6
11,887
63.3
51,634
67.4
71,660
5.6
5,236
23.6
85,323
6.7
832
21.1
400
36.3
1,053
26.9
12,345
25.4
4,251
32.6
18,451
27.1
1,782
30.9
1,042
41.6
3,181
34.4
15,288
39.8
6,157
52.6
24,111
43.1
30,740
46.5
5,728
51.2
44,639
47.1
820
52.3
184
55.4
1,142
52.8
3
1,214,4
98
33.3
6
66.7
55.6
40.0
214,520
38.2
9
1,700,6
23
39.8
Ownership of MSEs by Industry
Similar to persons engaged, Table 4.7 shows that ownership of enterprises
was largest in Wholesale and Trade industry regardless of the type of MSE
and it was followed by the Manufacturing industry.
The industries of
Electricity, Gas and Water supply, Hotel & Restaurant, Extra-territorial
organisations and bodies, and Manufacturing had more than half of their
owners as females.
The least proportion of female owners were in the
Industries of Construction, Transport, Storage and Communication, and in the
Fishing Industry.
Each of these had less than 10 percent of owners as
females.
42
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Table 4.7:
Economic Activity
Ownership of MSEs by Industry
Micro
Industry
1.Agriculture, Hunting &
Related Service
2. Fishing
3. Mining and Quarrying
Small
Total
Numbe
r
%
Female
Number
%
Femal
e
Numbe
r
%
Femal
e
10,493
31.6
1,622
34.6
12,115
32.0
9,339
7.1
841
14.1
10,180
7.7
5,689
31.0
688
27.2
6,377
30.5
232,455
51.5
17,482
36.5
249,937
50.5
312
73.4
28
21.4
340
69.1
17,972
5.8
3,169
9.5
21,141
6.4
776,643
40.9
35,404
36.4
812,047
40.7
8.Hotels & Restaurants
9.Transport, Storage &
Communication
10. Financial
Intermediation
11. Real Estate, renting &
business activities
12. Public Administration,
Defence,
Social Securit
28,125
64.7
3,080
53.0
31,205
63.6
71,660
7.0
1,671
22.7
73,331
7.3
832
34.3
194
33.0
1,026
34.0
12,345
25.4
1,567
26.8
13,912
25.6
1,782
24.6
350
33.1
2,132
26.0
13. Educatio
14.Other Community,
social services
15. Private Household with
Employed Persons
16. Extra-territorial
organisations
& bodies
15,288
35.1
1,825
40.1
17,113
35.6
30,740
44.8
1,939
47.3
32,679
45.0
820
48.9
62
43.5
882
48.5
3
1,283,7
43
33.3
6
66.7
55.6
40.4
69,928
35.4
9
1,284,4
26
4. Manufacturing
5. Electricity, Gas and
Water supply
6. Construction
7.Wholesale & retail trade,
motor
vehicle repairs
Total
4.4
40.1
Summary
The Micro and Small scale Enterprises in the country were 1.1 million
employing about 1.7 million people.
Central region had the highest percentage of MSEs (35 percent) with
Kampala alone having 10 percent. The Northern region had the highest share
of women employed in MSEs.
The majority of the MSEs were in the Wholesale & Retail Trade, Motor
Vehicle Repairs industry. The Hotel & Restaurant industry employed the most
females than all other industries, while the Transport, Storage and
Communication, Construction and Fishing industries employed the least
proportion of females, each having less than 10 percent of the persons
engaged as females.
43
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
44
Economic Activity
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
CHAPTER 5: POLICY IMPLICATIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
Creation and sustainability of an enabling working environment
Being able to work is the main asset and potential income source for both the
poor and non poor.
Improving the labour conditions at work places and
increasing the opportunities for more jobs will reduce poverty. As such, there
is an urgent need to put in place an explicit Employment Policy to set
guidelines for employers and employees in order to improve the work
environment.
Rapid expansion of non-farm activities, particularly in the rural areas is
required in order accelerate labour absorption. Relatively large and wagelabour based enterprises are needed where the wage income is higher than
the return from both farm and self-employment activities. The access to nonfarm income is particularly important to raise both household income of the
poor.
It is critical to create better employment opportunities in rural areas, not only
to reduce rural poverty, but also to slow down on rural-urban migration. This
will require an increase in off-farm activities, the need for appropriate skills
and a rise in productivity from farm activities.
Important measures needed to enhance opportunities in the Informal sector
include developing lending mechanisms, which can meet the credit needs for
operators which are often without collateral; improving accessibility to product
and input markets; providing entrepreneurs with basic business skills, and
streamlining the institutional environment.
Commercialisation of agriculture necessitates conducive land tenure systems
and
optimal
size
farms
both
requiring
movement
of
surplus
and
underemployed working population into other sectors. This requires deliberate
land reform policies as well as incentives for expansion of the non-agricultural
sectors.
Affirmative action for women needs strengthening beyond the political
structures to the grassroot level so that women and girls should have equal
access to education and are also supported to own and inherit assets and are
able to ascend to managerial and professional positions in the workforce.
45
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
It is recommended that government should step up the industrialization drive
to be able to absorb the increasing population through job creation and other
related employment opportunities that accompany such shifts.
46
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
LIST OF REFERENCES
Report on National Workshop on Concepts and Definitions of Labour Statistics in Uganda, May 2005
“Surveys of Economically Active Population, Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment, an
ILO Manual on Concepts and Methods”’ 1991
MFPED 2004: The Poverty Eradication Action Plan 2004/5- 2007/8
Uganda Bureau of Statistics (2005): 2002 Uganda Population and Housing Census, Main Report.
47
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
GLOSSARY OF CENSUS TERMS
Economic Activity - Work which involves the production of goods and/or services for sale or
exchange and production of certain products for own consumption. This excludes household duties
like caring for the sick, cooking food, collecting children from school, fetching water, etc.
Working Population – All persons aged 5 years and above whose Activity Status was paid employee,
self employed or unpaid family worker.
Looking for Work – Persons aged 5 years and above who were without work and had taken specific
steps in a specified recent period to seek paid employment or self-employment.
Economically Active Population – All persons aged 5 years and above who were either working or
actively looking for work.
Unpaid Family Workers – Members of the household who work in an enterprise operated by the
household without pay or profit.
Household Worker – A person aged five (5) years or more of either sex involved in housework and
who is not paid for the chores he/she performs.
Economically Inactive Population - Refers to all persons aged 5 years and above who were not
engaged in economic activities during the reference period (seven days prior to the census date) and did
not look for work.
These include household domestic workers, the sick, those who are too old or too
young to work, pensioners or rentiers, those not working and are not interested in work.
Industry – The type of economic activity carried out by an enterprise where a person is working,
irrespective of what work the person actually does there
Occupation – The actual work that an individual does at the place of work. This is irrespective of the
main activity that the organization he/she is involved in.
Subsistence Farming – includes traditional agriculture (crop growing), livestock rearing or herding,
fishing, hunting and gathering. Subsistence farmers produce primarily for own consumption but may
sell some of the produce.
48
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
ANNEX TABLES
49
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Table A1.1:
Economic Activity
Labour Participation Rates by District and Sex
Working Age Population (14-64)
Labour Force Population (14-64)
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
5,702,749
6,261,112
11,963,861
3,568,717
3,099,383
Kalangala
15,533
8,904
24,437
14,107
Kampala
UGANDA
Labour Force
Participation Rate
Male
Female
Total
6,668,100
62.6
49.5
55.7
4,389
18,496
90.8
49.3
75.7
59.7
Central
358,691
392,150
750,841
264,879
183,031
447,910
73.8
46.7
Kiboga
57,160
54,499
111,659
40,986
31,646
72,632
71.7
58.1
65.0
Luwero
108,257
115,321
223,578
73,844
63,707
137,551
68.2
55.2
61.5
Masaka
176,626
196,323
372,949
117,782
102,976
220,758
66.7
52.5
59.2
92,388
95,813
188,201
60,951
50,085
111,036
66.0
52.3
59.0
Mubende
163,913
167,913
331,826
120,127
103,255
223,382
73.3
61.5
67.3
Mukono
197,073
201,743
398,816
132,604
84,150
216,754
67.3
41.7
54.3
30,425
30,297
60,722
21,520
14,695
36,215
70.7
48.5
59.6
Mpigi
Nakasongola
Rakai
110,206
120,648
230,854
70,772
64,128
134,900
64.2
53.2
58.4
Ssembabule
42,668
45,369
88,037
32,440
30,799
63,239
76.0
67.9
71.8
Kayunga
62,531
72,314
134,845
38,533
35,890
74,423
61.6
49.6
55.2
240,164
258,509
498,673
175,330
118,601
293,931
73.0
45.9
58.9
Bugiri
90,392
103,976
194,368
50,745
48,146
98,891
56.1
46.3
50.9
Busia
50,848
58,808
109,656
27,036
24,528
51,564
53.2
41.7
47.0
Iganga
146,468
175,289
321,757
91,698
92,572
184,270
62.6
52.8
57.3
97,475
100,850
198,325
64,793
47,127
111,920
66.5
46.7
56.4
Wakiso
Eastern
Jinja
Kamuli
151,151
172,402
323,553
97,813
89,854
187,667
64.7
52.1
58.0
Kapchorwa
45,061
47,561
92,622
29,038
25,797
54,835
64.4
54.2
59.2
Katakwi
66,800
78,052
144,852
25,286
21,075
46,361
37.9
27.0
32.0
Kumi
85,853
100,376
186,229
33,325
33,682
67,007
38.8
33.6
36.0
Mbale
174,435
185,362
359,797
109,450
89,665
199,115
62.7
48.4
55.3
Pallisa
111,032
128,245
239,277
60,610
62,737
123,347
54.6
48.9
51.5
Soroti
Tororo
Kaberamaid
o
85,550
94,817
180,367
46,360
38,335
84,695
54.2
40.4
47.0
123,306
136,663
259,969
74,952
70,505
145,457
60.8
51.6
56.0
29,339
32,445
61,784
7,109
3,806
10,915
24.2
11.7
17.7
Mayuge
70,110
80,003
150,113
49,283
50,641
99,924
70.3
63.3
66.6
Sironko
68,642
70,826
139,468
42,718
38,257
80,975
62.2
54.0
58.1
50
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Table A1.1:
Economic Activity
Labour Participation Rates by District and Sex
Working Age Population
(14-64)
Male
Female
Total
Labour Force Population
(14-64)
Male
Female
Total
Labour Force Participation
Rate
Male
Female
Total
NORTHERN
Adjumani
50,625
54,218
104,843
26,269
24,546
50,815
51.9
45.3
48.5
Apac
157,024
172,031
329,055
105,954
115,004
220,958
67.5
66.9
67.1
Arua
200,318
232,160
432,478
103,141
80,172
183,313
51.5
34.5
42.4
Gulu
117,303
125,543
242,846
66,602
50,182
116,784
56.8
40.0
48.1
70,624
74,471
145,095
38,003
26,811
64,814
53.8
36.0
44.7
175,847
190,124
365,971
102,727
92,950
195,677
58.4
48.9
53.5
Kitgum
Lira
Moroto
49,883
56,680
106,563
32,788
30,342
63,130
65.7
53.5
59.2
Moyo
50,713
51,444
102,157
16,050
12,822
28,872
31.6
24.9
28.3
Nebbi
98,041
117,318
215,359
64,353
69,740
134,093
65.6
59.4
62.3
Nakapiripirit
38,941
41,538
80,479
20,671
7,940
28,611
53.1
19.1
35.6
Pader
81,581
88,208
169,789
51,842
45,862
97,704
63.5
52.0
57.5
Yumbe
59,368
64,706
124,074
34,396
40,286
74,682
57.9
62.3
60.2
49,749
56,304
106,053
33,993
35,095
69,088
68.3
62.3
65.1
169,404
196,272
365,676
95,589
97,986
193,575
56.4
49.9
52.9
WESTERN
Bundibugyo
Bushenyi
Hoima
86,371
86,649
173,020
63,221
48,638
111,859
73.2
56.1
64.7
Kabale
104,245
129,572
233,817
57,034
66,709
123,743
54.7
51.5
52.9
90,058
90,393
180,451
63,784
53,430
117,214
70.8
59.1
65.0
Kabarole
Kasese
123,871
140,363
264,234
72,407
74,524
146,931
58.5
53.1
55.6
Kibaale
93,650
100,237
193,887
53,042
48,745
101,787
56.6
48.6
52.5
Kisoro
43,137
62,723
105,860
28,798
41,413
70,211
66.8
66.0
66.3
Masindi
114,629
116,335
230,964
73,812
51,200
125,012
64.4
44.0
54.1
Mbarara
274,803
291,180
565,983
172,533
147,658
320,191
62.8
50.7
56.6
Ntungamo
89,811
103,491
193,302
47,251
44,441
91,692
52.6
42.9
47.4
Rukungiri
62,868
74,803
137,671
36,315
36,711
73,026
57.8
49.1
53.0
Kamwenge
61,222
71,235
132,457
42,674
49,238
91,912
69.7
69.1
69.4
Kanungu
48,430
54,794
103,224
30,974
33,213
64,187
64.0
60.6
62.2
Kyenjojo
88,136
92,842
180,978
60,403
49,646
110,049
68.5
53.5
60.8
51
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Table A1.2:
Region
/District
Economic Activity
Selected Economic Activity Indicators by District
Labour Force
Absorption
Rate
Working Population by
Industry
Manufacturing
Sector
Services
Sector
% Working
Micro Small Enterprises
Population
in
Subsistence Unemployment
Number Employment
Rate
Farmers
Central
Kalangala
70.7
6.3
12.9
71.6
6.6
6,046
11,720
Kampala
52.3
6.8
43.5
97.9
12.4
103,913
180,502
Kiboga
63.3
1.0
4.0
19.6
2.7
9,708
15,190
Luwero
58.5
2.2
9.4
31.1
5.0
9,895
17,364
Masaka
55.8
1.7
9.9
29.7
5.8
24,528
43,369
Mpigi
55.2
1.6
5.2
24.6
6.4
39,413
64,827
Mubende
65.4
1.6
5.5
21.8
2.9
17,439
29,477
Mukono
50.2
5.0
12.5
49.7
7.6
25,877
42,095
Nakasongola
56.8
3.3
6.3
33.9
4.7
43,239
77,713
Rakai
56.6
1.5
7.5
24.2
3.1
6,664
11,859
Ssembabule
69.6
0.6
3.1
14.0
3.1
29,663
46,907
Kayunga
52.6
1.3
5.4
20.3
4.6
5,897
9,041
Wakiso
53.8
4.6
24.1
70.3
8.7
49,608
87,166
55.8
3.5
17.5
49.3
7.1
371,890
637,230
Bugiri
48.1
1.2
5.0
18.4
5.5
13,748
21,992
Busia
43.1
2.4
13.9
32.9
8.3
14,064
21,803
Iganga
55.4
1.6
6.8
20.4
3.2
30,529
51,259
Jinja
52.5
9.5
18.4
54.3
7.0
20,986
32,987
Kamuli
56.6
1.7
5.1
19.0
2.4
5,720
8,040
Kapchorwa
58.1
1.0
3.6
21.4
1.8
22,048
37,491
Katakwi
30.5
2.9
4.0
23.1
4.7
7,547
11,836
Kumi
35.3
2.5
4.4
20.5
1.9
7,439
11,143
Mbale
53.3
1.7
8.3
25.5
3.7
26,045
42,695
Pallisa
50.2
1.1
3.4
18.5
2.6
10,644
17,579
Soroti
45.9
5.2
8.9
39.9
2.2
36,114
57,552
Tororo
53.7
2.0
7.4
23.4
4.0
16,598
24,874
Kaberamaido
16.3
1.7
6.7
30.6
7.6
13,402
20,772
Mayuge
64.0
0.7
2.7
14.0
3.9
18,360
25,916
Sironko
56.4
1.1
3.0
17.5
2.9
24,482
36,047
50.3
2.4
6.8
24.3
3.7
267,726
421,986
Region
Eastern
Region
52
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Table A1.2:
Economic Activity
Selected Economic Activity Indicators by District
Region
Labour Force
Absorption
rate
Working Population by
Occupation
Industry
Manufacturing Services Working Population
Sector
Sector
in Subsistence
Farmers%
Adjumani
47.9
1.6
4.1
19.0
1.1
11,509
17,894
Apac
66.6
0.5
1.0
7.5
0.8
28,501
39,945
District
Micro & Small
Enterprises
Unemployment
Rate
Number Employment
Northern
Arua
41.1
1.5
6.9
24.9
3.0
40,129
61,107
Gulu
46.6
1.8
7.0
28.9
3.1
14,215
21,697
Kitgum
42.6
1.0
4.7
27.5
4.7
6,230
9,663
Kotido
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Lira
52.4
1.7
4.5
18.7
1.9
27,807
41,145
Moroto
56.3
3.5
3.1
27.4
4.9
7,922
15,339
Moyo
26.6
3.4
5.7
31.3
5.9
7,477
11,678
Nebbi
61.3
1.2
4.5
13.9
1.6
1,164
2,392
Nakapiripirit 30.1
1.3
2.3
19.6
15.4
20,920
30,733
Pader
56.6
0.2
1.1
12.8
1.6
3,952
6,369
Yumbe
59.2
0.7
2.2
11.0
1.7
4,868
7,320
50.7
1.3
4.0
18.3
2.6
174,694 265,282
Bundibugyo 62.8
0.7
2.7
17.3
3.6
6,435
11,332
Bushenyi
1.6
6.4
23.8
3.3
29,824
46,635
Region
Western
51.2
Hoima
63.1
2.3
6.0
27.0
2.3
16,427
26,576
Kabale
50.8
1.6
7.1
23.9
4.1
17,192
28,441
Kabarole
62.7
3.4
9.0
36.3
3.5
15,931
22,922
Kasese
52.9
1.5
8.0
28.0
4.8
8,336
13,573
Kibaale
51.0
1.2
3.2
15.0
2.8
6,672
10,938
Kisoro
64.5
0.7
2.9
15.0
2.7
21,207
33,486
Masindi
51.9
2.5
5.5
25.8
4.1
15,373
25,445
Mbarara
54.7
1.5
7.7
29.1
3.3
5,186
8,162
Ntungamo
45.7
1.3
8.7
28.1
3.6
13,698
21,335
Rukungiri
51.1
1.6
8.0
27.6
3.6
20,352
34,458
Kamwenge 67.7
0.7
2.1
10.5
2.5
42,131
63,992
Kanungu
60.6
1.6
3.5
21.6
2.6
10,513
16,376
Kyenjojo
59.1
3.3
4.0
23.3
2.8
8,481
12,459
Region
55.2
1.7
6.1
24.7
3.4
237,758 376,130
Uganda
53.3
2.3
9.3
30.7
4.5
1,052,068 1,700,628
Data for Kotido District were excluded from the analysis
53
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Economic Activity
Table A1.3:
Distribution of Business Enterprises by District
District Name
Micro Enterprises
Small Enterprises
Total
Central
Kalangala
5,819
227
6,046
Kampala
98,310
5,603
103,913
Kiboga
9,431
464
9,895
Luwero
23,325
1,203
24,528
Masaka
37,829
1,584
39,413
Mpigi
16,770
669
17,439
Mubende
24,964
913
25,877
Mukono
41,353
1,886
43,239
6,362
302
6,664
Nakasongola
Rakai
28,726
937
29,663
Ssembabule
5,741
156
5,897
Kayunga
9,445
263
9,708
Wakiso
47,194
2,414
49,608
Bugiri
13,359
389
13,748
Busia
13,587
477
14,064
Iganga
29,358
1,171
30,529
Jinja
20,312
674
20,986
Kamuli
21,304
744
22,048
Kapchorwa
7,424
123
7,547
Katakwi
7,314
125
7,439
26,045
Easternn
Kumi
25,367
678
Mbale
35,046
1,068
36,114
Pallisa
16,185
413
16,598
Soroti
18,079
281
18,360
Tororo
23,881
601
24,482
Kaberamaido
5,618
102
5,720
Mayuge
10,303
341
10,644
Sironko
13,124
278
13,402
54
The 2002 Population and Housing Census
Table A1.3:
District Name
Economic Activity
Distribution of Business Enterprises by District
Micro Enterprises
Small Enterprises
Total
Adjumani
11,261
248
11,509
Apac
28,088
413
28,501
Arua
39,020
1,109
40,129
Gulu
13,781
434
14,215
6,038
192
6,230
27,177
630
27,807
Moroto
7,513
409
7,922
Moyo
7,305
172
7,477
Nebbi
20,920
Northern
Kitgum
Lira
20,495
425
Nakapiripirit
1,105
59
1,164
Pader
3,847
101
3,948
Yumbe
4,753
115
4,868
Western
Bundibugyo
6,177
258
6,435
Bushenyi
28,906
918
29,824
Hoima
15,864
563
16,427
Kabale
16,506
686
17,192
Kabarole
15,593
338
15,931
Kasese
20,503
704
21,207
Kibaale
14,876
497
15,373
Kisoro
5,014
172
5,186
Masindi
19,451
901
20,352
Mbarara
41,153
978
42,131
Ntungamo
10,244
269
10,513
Rukungiri
8,289
192
8,481
Kamwenge
8,048
288
8,336
Kanungu
6,462
210
6,672
Kyenjojo
13,334
364
13,698
1,016,333
35,731
1,052,064
UGANDA
55