Unit 4 Review Sheet
Genetics and Biotechnology
Vocabulary
Heredity
Chromosomes
Nitrogenous Bases (what are they?)
DNA Replication
Protein
Protein synthesis
Expressed
Selective Breeding
Gel Electrophoresis
DNA
Genes
Base-Pair Rule
Semi-conservative Model
Transcription
Mutation
Genetic Engineering
Recombinant DNA
Restriction Enzymes
RNA
Nucleotide
Template
Amino Acid
Translation
Allele
Biotechnology
Gene Therapy
Genome
DNA and RNA Structure
- How many strands?
- What are its building blocks?
- What bases are found in DNA/RNA?
- What’s the Base-Pair rule?
- Where is DNA/RNA found in the cell?
- What is a chromosome? How many do we have? What’s special about sex chromosomes?
- How is RNA similar and different to DNA?
DNA Replication
- Why is DNA replication “semi-conservative?”
*You do NOT need to know the names of the enzymes involved in this process.
Protein Synthesis
- What is the relationship between DNA, genes and protein?
- What is junk DNA?
- What is transcription? What is translation? Where do these processes occur?
- Do you know how to use the codon chart?
- Why is the sequence of amino acids important to the shape and function of a protein?
*You do NOT need to know the names of the enzymes involved in this process.
Mutations
- What is a mutation?
- What kind of mutations can happen to DNA (i.e. a nucleotide is deleted)?
- Do all mutations result in a faulty protein? Why or why not?
- What is trisomy 12? What is another name for this disease?
Mendelian Genetics
- How many copies of genes does each of us have? Where do we get each copy from?
- What’s the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?
*You do NOT need to know how to do a Punnett Square for this exam.
Gel Electrophoresis
- Can you explain, in 2 sentences, what this lab procedure is?
- What is the purpose of this laboratory technique?
- How can this lab technique be used to determine relationships between organisms?
Nature vs. Nurture
- How can the environment influence gene expression?
- What kind of environmental factors can influence gene expression?
Biotechnology
- What is selective breeding? Genetic Engineering/Recombinant DNA? Gene Therapy?
- What is one positive and one negative effect these technologies have had on our society and the
environment?