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Chapter 11 Study Guide
Society and Religion
1. In which two countries did the Reformation begin?
List the four things that undermined the authority of the medieval church:
2.
3.
4.
5.
List the four factors that contributed to the growing lay criticism of the church:
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. What was the common goal of religious movements in the 13th to 15th centuries?
11. What constructive lay religious movement began in Northern Europe?
List four components of the ideology and practice of the Brothers of the Common Life:
12.
13.
14.
15.
16. Who wrote the Imitation of Christ?
17. What system of the medieval church allowed ecclesiastical posts to be sold to the highest bidders?
Martin Luther and German Reformation to 1525
18. What occupation did Martin Luther’s father have?
19. What had the medieval church always taught about salvation?
20. What is the remission of the temporal penalty imposed on penitents for their confessed mortal sins?
21. What did Pope Leo X want to build in Rome?
22. Who preached indulgences for the Catholic Church?
23. What did Martin Luther write that made him famous and led German officials to prosecute him?
24. What did this treatise begin?
25. Who became the Holy Roman Emperor in 1519?
26. In which work did Martin Luther urge German princes to force reforms on the Catholic Church?
27. In which work did Martin Luther summarize his teachings of salvation by faith alone?
28. When was the Diet of Worms?
29. What did Martin Luther write while at the Wartburg Castle?
List the three groups that spread the Reformation in the late 1520’s and 1530’s:
30.
31.
32.
33. What defensive alliance was created by German Protestant lands to prepare for war against the emperor?
34. What did Martin Luther oppose in 1524-1525?
35. How many peasants died in this event?
The Reformation Elsewhere
36. Who led the reformation in Zurich?
37. What sought to unite German and Swiss Protestants?
38. What theological point did Luther and Zwingli disagree on?
39. What happened to Ulrich Zwingli in the second Battle of Kappel?
40. Who are the descendents of the 16th century Anabaptists?
41. Which group wanted a rapid and thorough implementation of Apostolic Christianity?
42. What did this group believe about baptism?
43. What doctrine states that God has foreordained who will be saved and who will be damned?
44. Whose followers believed that society required a complete moral transformation?
45. Which city became the center of Calvinism?
Political Consolidation of the Lutheran Reformation
46. Who introduced Lutheranism to Denmark?
47. What German city became a refuge for persecuted Protestants in the mid-16th century?
48. What established a permanent division between Catholicism and Lutheranism in Germany?
49. According to the Peace of Augsburg, who would decide the religion of the land?
The English Reformation to 1553
50. Who translated the New Testament into English?
51. Who was the chief minister to Henry VIII?
52. What title was given to Henry VIII for defending the seven sacraments against Martin Luther?
53. Who was Henry VIII’s first wife?
54. Who were her parents?
55. Who was her nephew?
56. Why did Henry VIII become the head of the Church of England?
57. Which two advisors of Henry VIII harbored Lutheran sympathies?
58. What council met for seven years and declared that Henry VIII would rule the church in England “as far as
Christ allows.”?
59. What act made Anne Boleyn’s children the legitimate heirs to the throne?
60. Who carried on the English Protestant Reformation upon the death of Henry VIII?
61. Which act imposed the Book of Common Prayer on all English Churches?
62. Who wrote the Book of Common Prayer?
List four key figures of the English Reformation:
63.
64.
65.
66.
67. Which Queen of England sought to restore Catholic doctrine?
68. Who became the Queen of England and reigned from 1558-1603?
Catholic Reform and Counter-Reformation
69. Which group followed the ideals of Saint Francis and was recognized by the Pope in 1528?
70. Which women’s order was founded in 1535 to promote the education of women of all classes?
71. Who founded the Jesuits?
72. What did he teach about higher church authority and spiritual direction?
73. Which council of reform focused on internal church discipline?
List four reforms established by this council:
74.
75.
76.
77.
78. How many doctrinal concessions did this council make to the Protestants?
The Social Significance of the Reformation in Western Europe
List the three men who were considered “magisterial reformers” by scholars:
79.
80.
81.
List four examples of how the church calendar regulated daily life in the 15th century:
82.
83.
84.
85.
86. How did Protestant Reformers view marriage?
87. What stance did Protestant Reformers take in regards to anti-women and anti-marriage literature?
88. What would Protestants allow on grounds of adultery or abandonment?
Family Life in Early Modern Europe
89. What was the church-sanctioned age for marriage prior to the 16th century?
Literary Imagination in Transition
90. Which literary author spent several years as a slave?
91. Which work is Miguel de Cervantes famous for?
92. What does Don Quixote mistake for dragons in this work?
93. Who was the greatest playwright in the English language?
94. Which company did he write for?
95. Which two contemporaries influenced Shakespeare’s writing?
List four plays be Shakespeare?
96.
97.
98.
99.
100. Who was the Queen of England at the time of Shakespeare?