The EYE
Chapter Twelve
Medical Terminology
HIT # 141
Anatomy
• Sclera = outer protective layer of the eye white
portion.
• Cornea = transparent anterior part of the sclera,.
• Choroid = middle layer of the eye.
• Iris = muscular structure that give the eye its
color, allows light to pas through.
• Pupil = opening in the center of the iris.
• Lens = behind the pupil, focus and bend light.
• Retina = innermost layer, contains the vision
receptors.
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Anatomy
• Aqueous fluid = watery liquid found in the
anterior cavity of the eye.
• Vitreous fluid = jelly like fluid found behind the
lens in the posterior cavity of the eye.
• Lacrimal glands & ducts = produce and drain
tears.
• Optic nerve = carries visual impulses from the
retina to the brain.
• Conjunctiva = mucous membrane lining the
eyelids and anterior portion of the sclera.
Combining forms for the EYE
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Blephar/o = eyelid.
Conjunctiv/o = conjunctiva.
Cor/o core/o pupill/o = pupil.
Corne/o kerat/o = cornea.
Dacry/o lacrim/o = tear, tear duct.
Irid/o iri/o = iris.
Ophthalm/o ocul/o = eye.
Opt/o = vision.
Retin/o = retina.
Scler/o = sclera.
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Combining forms for the EYE
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Cry/o = cold.
Dipl/o = two, double.
Phot/o = light.
Ton/o = tension, pressure.
Prefix and Suffixes
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Bi- bin- = two.
-ician = one who.
-opia = vision.
-phobia = abnormal fear of or aversion to
-plegia = paralysis
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Disease & Disorder Terms
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Blepharitis = inflammation of the eyelid.
Blepharoptosis = drooping of the eyelid.
Conjunctivitis = inflammation of the conjunctiva.
Dacryocystitis = inflammation of the tear sac.
Diplopia = double vision.
Iridoplegia = paralysis of the iris.
Keratitis = inflammation of the cornea.
Ophthalmalgia = pain in the eye.
Ophthalmorrhagia = rabid flow of blood from the
eye.
Disease & Disorder Terms
• Photophobia = fear of, sensitivity to light.
• Retinoblastoma = tumor arising from the
developing retinal cell.
• Sclerokeratitis = inflammation of the sclera
and cornea.
• Scleromalcia = softening of the sclera.
• Astigmatism = defective curvature of the
refractive surface of the eye.
• Cataract = clouding of the lens of the eye.
• Glaucoma = increased intraocular tension.
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Disease & Disorder Terms
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Hyperopia = farsightedness.
Myopia = nearsightedness.
Nyctalopia = poor vision at night.
Nystagmus = involuntary, rhythmic
movements of the eye.
• Retinitis pigmentosa = hereditary progressive
disease marked by night blindness with
atrophy and retinal pigment changes.
• Strabismus = squint or crossed eyes.
• Sty = infection of the oil gland of the eyelid.
Surgical Terms
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Blepharoplasty = surgical repair of the eyelid.
Dacryocystotomy = incision into the tear sac.
Iridectomy = excision of part of the iris.
Keratoplasty = surgical repair of the cornea.
Cryoextraction of the lens = cataract is lifted
from the eye with an extremely cold probe.
• Enucleation = removal of the eye.
• Phacoemulsification = remove cataracts,
ultrasonic needle probe breaks up the lens.
• Vitrectomy = removal of all or part of the
vitreous fluid.
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Surgical Terms
• Redial keratotomy = spoke like incisions are
made to flatten the cornea, correcting
nearsightedness (myopia).
• Strabotomy = incision into the tendon of an
extrinsic muscle to relieve strabismus.
• Fluorescein Angiography = x-ray filming of the
blood vessels using fluorescing dye.
• Keratometer = used to measure the curvature of
the cornea.
• Ophthalmoscope = used for visual examination
of the eye.
Procedural Terms for the EYE
• Optometer = used to measure vision, power
and range.
• Pupillometer = used to measure width and
diameter of the pupil.
• Tonometer = used to measure pressure within
the eye, used to diagnose glaucoma.
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Complementary Terms
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Binocular = pertaining to both eyes.
Intraocular = pertaining to within the eye.
Lacrimal = pertaining to tears or tear duct.
Ophthalmic = pertaining to the eye.
Ophthalmologist = physician who specializes
in ophthalmology.
• Optic = pertaining to vision.
• Optician = one who is skilled in filling
prescription for lenses.
• Retinopathy = noninflammatory disease of
the retina.
Complementary Terms
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Miotic = agent that constricts the pupil.
Mydriatic = agent that dilates the pupil.
Oculus dexter = OD, right eye.
Oculus sinister = OS, left eye.
Oculus uterque = OU, each eye.
Optometrist = health professional who
prescribes corrective lenses.
• Visual acuity = VA, sharpness of vision of
either distance or nearness.
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ABBREVIATIONS
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ARMD = age-related macular degeneration
Ast = astigmatism
ECCE = extracapsular cataract extraction.
ICCE = intracapsular cataract cryoextraction.
IOP = intraocular pressure
OD = right eye
OS = left eye
OU = both eyes
ophth = ophthalmology
PRK = photorefractive keratectomy
ABBREVIATIONS
• PERRLA = pupils equal, round, reactive to
light, and accommodation.
• REM = band from Georgia, popular with the
college age crowd. Or Rapid eye movement
• RK = radial keratotomy
• VA = visual acuity or veterans administration
• VF = visual field
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I think I see now
The end of Chapter # 12
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