hp 10BII financial calculator user’s guide Edition 1 HP part number F1902-90001 檔名: title_English-050105.doc 頁碼: 第 1/2 頁 Notice REGISTER YOUR PRODUCT AT: www.register.hp.com THIS MANUAL AND ANY EXAMPLES CONTAINED HEREIN ARE PROVIDED “AS IS” AND ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO THIS MANUAL, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, NON-INFRINGEMENT AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. HEWLETT-PACKARD CO. SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY ERRORS OR FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THE FURNISHING, PERFORMANCE, OR USE OF THIS MANUAL OR THE EXAMPLES CONTAINED HEREIN. © Copyright 1988, 1989, 2001, 2004 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation of this manual is prohibited without prior written permission of Hewlett-Packard Company, except as allowed under the copyright laws. Hewlett-Packard Company 4995 Murphy Canyon Rd, Suite 301 San Diego,CA 92123 Printing History Edition 1 檔名: 10BII_English(MP02-2)-040917(Print) 頁碼: 第 2/2 頁 May 2003 10B.book Page 3 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM Welcome to the HP 10BII <RXU+3%,,UHIOHFWVWKHVXSHULRUTXDOLW\DQGDWWHQWLRQWRGHWDLOLQ HQJLQHHULQJDQGPDQXIDFWXULQJWKDWKDYHGLVWLQJXLVKHG+HZOHWW3DFNDUG SURGXFWVIRU\HDUV+HZOHWW3DFNDUGVWDQGVEHKLQGWKLVFDOFXODWRU³ZH RIIHUH[SHUWLVHWRVXSSRUWLWVXVHVHHLQVLGHWKHEDFNFRYHUDQG ZRUOGZLGHVHUYLFH Hewlett-Packard Quality 2XUFDOFXODWRUVDUHPDGHWRH[FHODQGWREHHDV\WRXVH n 7KLVFDOFXODWRULVGHVLJQHGWRZLWKVWDQGWKHGURSVYLEUDWLRQV SROOXWDQWVVPRJR]RQHWHPSHUDWXUHH[WUHPHVDQGKXPLGLW\ YDULDWLRQVWKDWLWPD\HQFRXQWHULQHYHU\GD\ZRUNOLIH n 7KHFDOFXODWRUDQGLWVPDQXDOKDYHEHHQGHVLJQHGDQGWHVWHGIRUHDVH RIXVH:HDGGHGPDQ\H[DPSOHVWRKLJKOLJKWWKHYDULHGXVHVRIWKH FDOFXODWRU n /RZSRZHUHOHFWURQLFVDQGDQDGYDQFHGSRZHUPDQDJHPHQWV\VWHP JLYHVH[WHQGHGEDWWHU\OLIH n 7KHPLFURSURFHVVRUKDVEHHQRSWLPL]HGIRUIDVWDQGUHOLDEOH FRPSXWDWLRQVXVLQJGLJLWVLQWHUQDOO\IRUSUHFLVHUHVXOWV n ([WHQVLYHUHVHDUFKKDVFUHDWHGDGHVLJQWKDWKDVPLQLPL]HGWKH DGYHUVHHIIHFWVRIVWDWLFHOHFWULFLW\DSRWHQWLDOFDXVHRIPDOIXQFWLRQV DQGGDWDORVVLQFDOFXODWRUV Welcome to the HP 10BII 3 10B.book Page 4 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM Features 7KHIHDWXUHVRIWKH+3%,,DQGWKHPDQXDOUHIOHFWWKHQHHGVDQG ZLVKHVRIPDQ\FXVWRPHUV n $ODUJHFKDUDFWHUGLVSOD\ n $Q$WD*ODQFHVHFWLRQLQWKHPDQXDOIRUTXLFNUHIHUHQFH n $SSOLFDWLRQVWRVROYHEXVLQHVVDQGILQDQFLDOWDVNV 7LPH9DOXHRI0RQH\/RDQVVDYLQJVOHDVHVDQGDPRUWL]DWLRQ VFKHGXOHV ,QWHUHVW&RQYHUVLRQ1RPLQDODQGHIIHFWLYHUDWHV &DVK)ORZV1HWSUHVHQWYDOXHDQGLQWHUQDOUDWHRIUHWXUQ %XVLQHVV3HUFHQWDJHV3HUFHQWFKDQJHPDUNXSDQGPDUJLQ FDOFXODWLRQV 6WDWLVWLFV0HDQVWDQGDUGGHYLDWLRQFRUUHODWLRQFRHIILFLHQWDQG OLQHDUUHJUHVVLRQIRUHFDVWLQJSOXVRWKHUVWDWLVWLFDOFDOFXODWLRQV n (QRXJKPHPRU\WRVWRUHDQLQLWLDOFDVKIORZDQGFDVKIORZ JURXSVZLWKXSWRFDVKIORZVSHUJURXS n 7HQQXPEHUHGVWRUDJHUHJLVWHUV n (DV\DFFHVVWRIXQFWLRQVVDYHVNH\VWURNHVDQGDGGVFRQYHQLHQFH $XWRLQFUHPHQWFDSDELOLW\IRUDPRUWL]DWLRQVFKHGXOHV /DEHOVIRUDPRUWL]DWLRQDQGFDVKIORZV $XWRPDWLFFRQVWDQW NH\PHPRU\ n 0DQ\H[DPSOHVDUHLQFOXGHGLQWKHPDQXDOVR\RXFDQFRPELQHWKHP IRU\RXUVSHFLILFQHHGV 4 Welcome to the HP 10BII 10BTOC.fm Page 5 Thursday, June 22, 2000 12:31 PM Contents 1 11 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 At a Glance... %DVLFV³$WD*ODQFH 3HUFHQWDJHV³$WD*ODQFH 0HPRU\.H\V³$WD*ODQFH« 7LPH9DOXHRI0RQH\790³$WD*ODQFH« 790:KDWLI«³$WD*ODQFH« $PRUWL]DWLRQ³$WD*ODQFH« ,QWHUHVW5DWH&RQYHUVLRQ³$WD*ODQFH« ,55<5DQG139³$WD*ODQFH« 6WDWLVWLFV³$WD*ODQFH« .H\ERDUG0DS 23 23 23 23 25 25 25 25 26 27 27 28 28 28 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 Getting Started 3RZHU2QDQG2II $GMXVWLQJWKH'LVSOD\&RQWUDVW 6LPSOH$ULWKPHWLF&DOFXODWLRQV 8QGHUVWDQGLQJWKH'LVSOD\DQG.H\ERDUG &XUVRU &OHDULQJWKH&DOFXODWRU &OHDULQJ0HPRU\ $QQXQFLDWRUV 6KLIW.H\ 6WDWLVWLFV.H\ ,1387.H\ 6:$3.H\ 0DWK)XQFWLRQV 'LVSOD\)RUPDWRI1XPEHUV 6SHFLI\LQJ'LVSOD\HG'HFLPDO3ODFHV 6FLHQWLILF1RWDWLRQ 'LVSOD\LQJWKH)XOO3UHFLVLRQRI1XPEHUV ,QWHUFKDQJLQJWKH3HULRGDQG&RPPD 5RXQGLQJ1XPEHUV 0HVVDJHV Contents 5 10BTOC.fm Page 6 Thursday, June 22, 2000 12:31 PM 2 33 33 33 34 34 35 35 35 36 Business Percentages 3HUFHQW.H\ )LQGLQJD3HUFHQW $GGLQJRU6XEWUDFWLQJD3HUFHQW 3HUFHQW&KDQJH 0DUJLQDQG0DUNXS&DOFXODWLRQV 0DUJLQ&DOFXODWLRQV 0DUNXSRQ&RVW&DOFXODWLRQV 8VLQJ0DUJLQDQG0DUNXS7RJHWKHU 3 37 37 37 39 40 41 42 43 43 Number Storage and Arithmetic 8VLQJ6WRUHG1XPEHUVLQ&DOFXODWLRQV 8VLQJ&RQVWDQWV 8VLQJWKH05HJLVWHU 8VLQJ1XPEHUHG5HJLVWHUV 'RLQJ$ULWKPHWLF,QVLGH5HJLVWHUV 'RLQJ$ULWKPHWLF 3RZHU2SHUDWRU 8VLQJ3DUHQWKHVHVLQ&DOFXODWLRQV 4 45 45 46 47 47 47 48 49 49 49 51 Picturing Financial Problems +RZWRDSSURDFKD)LQDQFLDO3UREOHP 6LJQVRI&DVK)ORZV 3HULRGVDQG&DVK)ORZV 6LPSOHDQG&RPSRXQG,QWHUHVW 6LPSOH,QWHUHVW &RPSRXQG,QWHUHVW ,QWHUHVW5DWHV 7ZR7\SHVRI)LQDQFLDO3UREOHPV 5HFRJQL]LQJD7903UREOHP 5HFRJQL]LQJD&DVK)ORZ3UREOHP 6 Contents 10BTOC.fm Page 7 Thursday, June 22, 2000 12:31 PM 5 53 53 54 55 55 60 63 67 72 72 73 Time Value of Money Calculations 8VLQJWKH790$SSOLFDWLRQ &OHDULQJ790 %HJLQDQG(QG0RGHV /RDQ&DOFXODWLRQV 6DYLQJV&DOFXODWLRQV /HDVH&DOFXODWLRQV $PRUWL]DWLRQ ,QWHUHVW5DWH&RQYHUVLRQV ,QYHVWPHQWV:LWK'LIIHUHQW&RPSRXQGLQJ3HULRGV &RPSRXQGLQJDQG3D\PHQW3HULRGV'LIIHU 6 75 75 77 77 78 79 80 83 84 Cash Flow Calculations +RZWR8VHWKH&DVK)ORZ$SSOLFDWLRQ 139DQG,55<5'LVFRQWLQXLQJ&DVK)ORZV 2UJDQL]LQJ&DVK)ORZV (QWHULQJ&DVK)ORZV 9LHZLQJDQG5HSODFLQJ&DVK)ORZV &DOFXODWLQJ1HW3UHVHQW9DOXH &DOFXODWLQJ,QWHUQDO5DWHRI5HWXUQ $XWRPDWLF6WRUDJHRI,55<5DQG139 7 85 85 86 86 86 87 87 87 87 88 90 93 Statistical Calculations &OHDULQJ6WDWLVWLFDO'DWD (QWHULQJ6WDWLVWLFDO'DWD 2QH9DULDEOH6WDWLVWLFV 7ZR9DULDEOH6WDWLVWLFVDQG:HLJKWHG0HDQ &RUUHFWLQJ6WDWLVWLFDO'DWD &RUUHFWLQJ2QH9DULDEOH'DWD &RUUHFWLQJ7ZR9DULDEOH'DWD 6XPPDU\RI6WDWLVWLFDO&DOFXODWLRQV 0HDQ6WDQGDUG'HYLDWLRQVDQG6XPPDWLRQ6WDWLVWLFV /LQHDU5HJUHVVLRQDQG(VWLPDWLRQ :HLJKWHG0HDQ Contents 7 10BTOC.fm Page 8 Thursday, June 22, 2000 12:31 PM 8 95 95 95 96 97 98 98 98 99 101 103 104 105 106 108 108 110 112 113 113 115 Additional Examples %XVLQHVV$SSOLFDWLRQV 6HWWLQJD6DOHV3ULFH )RUHFDVWLQJ%DVHGRQ+LVWRU\ &RVWRI1RW7DNLQJD&DVK'LVFRXQW /RDQVDQG0RUWJDJHV 6LPSOH$QQXDO,QWHUHVW &RQWLQXRXV&RPSRXQGLQJ <LHOGRID'LVFRXQWHGRU3UHPLXP0RUWJDJH $QQXDO3HUFHQWDJH5DWHIRUD/RDQ:LWK)HHV /RDQ:LWKD3DUWLDO2GG)LUVW3HULRG $XWRPRELOH/RDQ &DQDGLDQ0RUWJDJHV :KDWLI«790&DOFXODWLRQV 6DYLQJV 6DYLQJIRU&ROOHJH&RVWV *DLQV7KDW*R8QWD[HG8QWLO:LWKGUDZDO 9DOXHRID7D[DEOH5HWLUHPHQW$FFRXQW &DVK)ORZ([DPSOHV :UDS$URXQG0RUWJDJHV 1HW)XWXUH9DOXH A 117 117 118 119 119 119 119 121 122 122 122 123 Assistance, Batteries, and Service $QVZHUVWR&RPPRQ4XHVWLRQV (QYLURQPHQWDO/LPLWV 3RZHUDQG%DWWHULHV /RZ3RZHU$QQXQFLDWRU %DWWHU\6SHFLILFDWLRQV ,QVWDOOLQJ%DWWHULHV 'HWHUPLQLQJLIWKH&DOFXODWRU5HTXLUHV6HUYLFH /LPLWHG2QH<HDU:DUUDQW\ :KDW,V&RYHUHG :KDW,V1RW&RYHUHG &RQVXPHU7UDQVDFWLRQVLQWKH8QLWHG.LQJGRP 8 Contents 10BTOC.fm Page 9 Thursday, June 22, 2000 12:31 PM 123 123 124 124 124 125 125 126 ,IWKH&DOFXODWRU5HTXLUHV6HUYLFH 2EWDLQLQJ6HUYLFH 6HUYLFH&KDUJH 6KLSSLQJ,QVWUXFWLRQV :DUUDQW\RQ6HUYLFH 6HUYLFH$JUHHPHQWV 5HJXODWRU\,QIRUPDWLRQ (QGXVHUWHUPVDQGFRQGLWLRQV B 129 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 132 132 133 134 135 More About Calculations ,55<5&DOFXODWLRQV 3RVVLEOH2XWFRPHVRI&DOFXODWLQJ,55<5 +DOWLQJDQG5HVWDUWLQJ,55<5 (QWHULQJD*XHVVIRU,55<5 (IIHFWRI8VLQJΣ²WR&RUUHFW'DWD 5DQJHRI1XPEHUV (TXDWLRQV 0DUJLQDQG0DUNXS&DOFXODWLRQV 7LPH9DOXHRI0RQH\790 $PRUWL]DWLRQ ,QWHUHVW5DWH&RQYHUVLRQV &DVK)ORZ&DOFXODWLRQV 6WDWLVWLFV C 137 Messages 139 Index Contents 9 TOC.fm Page 10 Thursday, June 22, 2000 12:31 PM at_a_glance.fm Page 11 Sunday, June 25, 2000 2:21 PM At a Glance... 7KLVVHFWLRQLVGHVLJQHGIRU\RXLI\RX·UHDOUHDG\IDPLOLDUZLWKFDOFXODWRU RSHUDWLRQRUILQDQFLDOFRQFHSWV<RXFDQXVHLWIRUTXLFNUHIHUHQFH7KH UHVWRIWKHPDQXDOLVILOOHGZLWKH[SODQDWLRQVDQGH[DPSOHVRIWKH FRQFHSWVSUHVHQWHGLQWKLVVHFWLRQ Basics—At a Glance... 1* *R %*j *& *W Keys: [orange label] Display: Description: 0.00 7XUQVFDOFXODWRURQ 'LVSOD\VVKLIW DQQXQFLDWRUSHIFT 'LVFRQWLQXHVVKLIW (UDVHVODVWFKDUDFWHU &OHDUVGLVSOD\ 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D7 c] 3HUFHQW &RVW 3ULFH 0DUJLQ 0DUNXS $GGWR D 7 c ] 7 c Keys: Display: Description: 17.50 (QWHUVQXPEHU $GGV 20.13 )LQGWKHPDUJLQLIWKHFRVWLVDQGVHOOLQJSULFHLV 15.00 22.00 31.82 (QWHUVFRVW (QWHUVSULFH &DOFXODWHVPDUJLQ ,IWKHFRVWLVDQGWKHPDUNXSLVZKDWLVWKHVHOOLQJSULFH" 12 At a Glance... 20.00 33.00 26.60 (QWHUVFRVW (QWHUVPDUNXS &DOFXODWHVSULFH fm Page 13 Sunday, June 25, 2000 2:21 PM Memory Keys—At a Glance… - a *! 6WRUHVDFRQVWDQWRSHUDWLRQ 6WRUHVDYDOXHLQWKH0UHJLVWHUPHPRU\ORFDWLRQ 5HFDOOVDYDOXHIURPWKH0UHJLVWHU $GGVDYDOXHWRWKHQXPEHUVWRUHGLQWKH0UHJLVWHU 6WRUHVDYDOXHLQDQXPEHUHGUHJLVWHU 5HFDOOVDYDOXHIURPDQXPEHUHGUHJLVWHU 0XOWLSO\DQGE\VWRULQJ´ïµDVDFRQVWDQWRSHUDWLRQ " Keys: *! % Display: Description: 7.00 6WRUHV´ïµDVD FRQVWDQWRSHUDWLRQ 0XOWLSOLHVï 0XOWLSOLHVï 0XOWLSOLHVï 119.00 154.00 175.00 6WRUHLQUHJLVWHUWKHQUHFDOOLW 519.00 0.00 519.00 6WRUHVLQUHJLVWHU &OHDUVGLVSOD\ 5HFDOOVUHJLVWHU At a Glance... 13 at_a_glance.fm Page 14 Sunday, June 25, 2000 2:21 PM Time Value of Money (TVM)—At a Glance… (QWHUDQ\IRXURIWKHILYHYDOXHVDQGVROYHIRUWKHILIWK $QHJDWLYHVLJQLQWKHGLVSOD\UHSUHVHQWVPRQH\SDLGRXW PRQH\UHFHLYHGLVSRVLWLYH P. 2 /*O *b 1XPEHURISD\PHQWV ,QWHUHVWSHU\HDU 3UHVHQWYDOXH 3D\PHQW )XWXUHYDOXH %HJLQRU(QGPRGH 1XPEHURISD\PHQWVSHU\HDUPRGH ,I\RXERUURZ39IRUPRQWKV1DWLQWHUHVW,<5 ZKDWLVWKHPRQWKO\UHSD\PHQW" 6HWWR(QGPRGH3UHVV *b P . / 2 Keys: 14 At a Glance... *O LIBEGIN DQQXQFLDWRULVGLVSOD\HG Display: Description: 12.00 6HWVSD\PHQWVSHU\HDU (QWHUVQXPEHURI SD\PHQWV (QWHUVLQWHUHVWSHU \HDU (QWHUVSUHVHQWYDOXH (QWHUVIXWXUHYDOXH &DOFXODWHVSD\PHQWLI SDLGDWHQGRISHULRG 360.00 10.00 14,000.00 0.00 –122.86 fm Page 15 Sunday, June 25, 2000 2:21 PM TVM What if…—At a Glance… ,WLVQRWQHFHVVDU\WRUHHQWHU790YDOXHVIRUHDFKH[DPSOH 8VLQJWKHYDOXHV\RXMXVWHQWHUHGSDJH KRZPXFKFDQ \RXERUURZLI\RXZDQWDSD\PHQWRI" (2 Keys: . Display: Description: –100.00 (QWHUVQHZSD\PHQW DPRXQW0RQH\SDLG RXWLVQHJDWLYH &DOFXODWHVDPRXQW\RX FDQERUURZ 11,395.08 +RZPXFKFDQ\RXERUURZDWDLQWHUHVWUDWH" . 2 9.50 11,892.67 10.00 14,000.00 –122.86 (QWHUVQHZLQWHUHVW UDWH &DOFXODWHVQHZSUHVHQW YDOXHIRU SD\PHQWDQG LQWHUHVW 5HHQWHUVRULJLQDO LQWHUHVWUDWH 5HHQWHUVRULJLQDO SUHVHQWYDOXH &DOFXODWHVRULJLQDO SD\PHQW At a Glance... 15 at_a_glance.fm Page 16 Sunday, June 25, 2000 2:21 PM Amortization—At a Glance… * $IWHUFDOFXODWLQJDSD\PHQWXVLQJ7LPH9DOXHRI0RQH\ 790HQWHUWKHSHULRGVWRDPRUWL]HDQGSUHVV 7KHQSUHVV WRFRQWLQXDOO\F\FOHWKURXJKWKHSULQFLSDO LQWHUHVWDQGEDODQFHYDOXHVLQGLFDWHGE\WKHPRIN INT DQGBAL DQQXQFLDWRUVUHVSHFWLYHO\ 8VLQJWKHSUHYLRXV790H[DPSOHSDJH DPRUWL]HD VLQJOHSD\PHQWDQGWKHQDUDQJHRISD\PHQWV $PRUWL]HWKHWKSD\PHQWRIWKHORDQ 0 * 0 * Keys: Display: Description: 20.00 (QWHUVSHULRGWR DPRUWL]H 'LVSOD\VSHULRGWR DPRUWL]H 'LVSOD\VSULQFLSDO 'LVSOD\VLQWHUHVW 0RQH\SDLGRXWLV QHJDWLYH 'LVSOD\VEDODQFH 20 – 20 –7.25 –115.61 13,865.83 $PRUWL]HWKHVWWKURXJKWKORDQSD\PHQWV 16 At a Glance... 12_ 1 – 12 –77.82 –1,396.50 13,922.18 (QWHUVUDQJHRISHULRGV WRDPRUWL]H 'LVSOD\VUDQJHRI SHULRGVSD\PHQWV 'LVSOD\VSULQFLSDO 'LVSOD\VLQWHUHVW 0RQH\SDLGRXWLV QHJDWLYH 'LVSOD\VEDODQFH at_a_glance.fm Page 17 Sunday, June 25, 2000 2:21 PM Interest Rate Conversion—At a Glance… 7RFRQYHUWEHWZHHQQRPLQDODQGHIIHFWLYHLQWHUHVWUDWHV HQWHUWKHNQRZQUDWHDQGWKHQXPEHURISHULRGVSHU\HDU WKHQVROYHIRUWKHXQNQRZQUDWH * *Z *b 1RPLQDOLQWHUHVWSHUFHQW (IIHFWLYHLQWHUHVWSHUFHQW 3HULRGVSHU\HDU )LQGWKHDQQXDOHIIHFWLYHLQWHUHVWUDWHRIQRPLQDOLQWHUHVW FRPSRXQGHGPRQWKO\ * *b *Z Keys: Display: Description: 10.00 (QWHUVQRPLQDOUDWH (QWHUVSD\PHQWVSHU \HDU &DOFXODWHVDQQXDO HIIHFWLYHLQWHUHVW 12.00 10.47 At a Glance... 17 at_a_glance.fm Page 18 Sunday, June 25, 2000 2:21 PM IRR/YR and NPV—At a Glance… *b ,*C *9 *N 1XPEHURISHULRGVSHU\HDUGHIDXOWLV &DVKIORZVXSWR´MµLGHQWLILHVWKHFDVKIORZQXPEHU 1XPEHURIFRQVHFXWLYHWLPHVFDVKIORZ´MµRFFXUV ,QWHUQDOUDWHRIUHWXUQSHU\HDU 1HWSUHVHQWYDOXH ,I\RXKDYHDQLQLWLDOFDVKRXWIORZRIIROORZHGE\PRQWKO\FDVK LQIORZVRIDQGZKDWLVWKH,55<5" :KDWLVWKH,55SHUPRQWK" *& *b (, , , *C , *9 d Keys: . *N Display: Description: 0.00 &OHDUVDOOPHPRU\ 6HWVSD\PHQWVSHU\HDU (QWHUVLQLWLDORXWIORZ (QWHUVILUVWFDVKIORZ (QWHUVVHFRQGFDVKIORZ (QWHUVQXPEHURIFRQVHF XWLYHWLPHVFDVKIORZ RFFXUV (QWHUVWKLUGFDVKIORZ &DOFXODWHV,55<5 &DOFXODWHV,55SHU PRQWK 12.00 –40,000.00 4,700.00 7,000.00 2.00 23,000.00 15.96 1.33 :KDWLVWKH139LIWKHGLVFRXQWUDWHLV" 18 At a Glance... 10.00 622.85 (QWHUV,<5 &DOFXODWHV139 fm Page 19 Sunday, June 25, 2000 2:21 PM Statistics—At a Glance… *j A*@ 00 A*@ *$*i *E *:*i *M*i *3*i *4 *4*i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Σ[\ x-data 2 4 6 y-data 50 90 160 At a Glance... 19 at_a_glance.fm Page 20 Sunday, June 25, 2000 2:21 PM *j 0A 0A 0A *$ *i *: *i *4 *i ) ) Keys: 20 At a Glance... 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Accumulate statistical data (page 86) 17. Cash flows (page 75) 18. Business functions: margin, markup, cost, price (page 35) 19. Interest conversion (page 72) 20. Amortization (page 67) 21. 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End Mode 6HWWR(QGPRGH3UHVV *O LIBEGIN DQQXQFLDWRULVGLVSOD\HG 5: Time Value of Money Calculations 55 10B.book Page 56 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM *b "P . / 2 Keys: Display: Description: 12.00 6HWVSHULRGVSHU\HDU 6WRUHVQXPEHURI SHULRGVLQORDQ 6WRUHVDQQXDOQRPLQDO LQWHUHVWUDWH 6WRUHVDPRXQW ERUURZHG 6WRUHVWKHDPRXQWOHIW WRSD\DIWHU\HDUV &DOFXODWHVWKHPRQWKO\ SD\PHQW7KHQHJDWLYH VLJQLQGLFDWHVPRQH\ SDLGRXW 36.00 10.50 13,000.00 0.00 –422.53 Part 2. $WDSULFHRIZKDWLQWHUHVWUDWHLVQHFHVVDU\WRORZHU\RXU SD\PHQWE\WR" 2 . –372.53 2.03 'HFUHDVHVSD\PHQW IURP &DOFXODWHVDQQXDO LQWHUHVWUDWHIRUWKH UHGXFHGSD\PHQW Part 3. ,ILQWHUHVWLVZKDWLVWKHPD[LPXP\RXFDQVSHQGRQWKH FDUWRORZHU\RXUFDUSD\PHQWWR" . (2 56 10.50 –375.00 11,537.59 13,037.59 5: Time Value of Money Calculations 6WRUHVRULJLQDOLQWHUHVW UDWH 6WRUHVGHVLUHG SD\PHQW &DOFXODWHVDPRXQWRI PRQH\WRILQDQFH $GGVWKHGRZQSD\ PHQWWRWKHDPRXQW ILQDQFHGIRUWRWDOSULFH RIWKHFDU 10B.book Page 57 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM Example: A Home Mortgage. <RXGHFLGHWKDWWKHPD[LPXPPRQWKO\ PRUWJDJHSD\PHQW\RXFDQDIIRUGLV<RXFDQPDNHD GRZQSD\PHQWDQGDQQXDOLQWHUHVWUDWHVDUHFXUUHQWO\,I\RXREWDLQ D\HDUPRUWJDJHZKDWLVWKHPD[LPXPSXUFKDVHSULFH\RXFDQDIIRUG" PV = ? I/YR = 7.5% N = 30 × 12 P/YR = 12 1 2 3 PMT = -930.00 End Mode 6HWWR(QGPRGH3UHVV *b *U / . (2 Keys: ... 4 *O 356 357 358 359 360 LIBEGIN DQQXQFLDWRULVGLVSOD\HG Display: Description: 12.00 6HWVSHULRGVSHU\HDU 6WRUHVWKHOHQJWKRIWKH PRUWJDJHï 3D\VPRUWJDJHRIILQ \HDUV 6WRUHVLQWHUHVWUDWH 6WRUHVGHVLUHGSD\ PHQWPRQH\SDLGRXW LVQHJDWLYH &DOFXODWHVWKHORDQ\RX FDQDIIRUGZLWKD SD\PHQW $GGVGRZQ SD\PHQWIRUWKHWRWDO SXUFKDVHSULFH 360.00 0.00 7.50 –930.00 133,006.39 145,006.39 5: Time Value of Money Calculations 57 ook Page 58 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM Example: A Mortgage With a Balloon Payment. <RX·YHREWDLQHGD \HDUPRUWJDJHDWDQQXDOLQWHUHVW<RXDQWLFLSDWHWKDW \RXZLOORZQWKHKRXVHIRUIRXU\HDUVDQGWKHQVHOOLWUHSD\LQJWKHORDQ ZLWKDEDOORRQSD\PHQW:KDWZLOO\RXUEDOORRQSD\PHQWEH" 6ROYHWKLVSUREOHPXVLQJWZRVWHSV &DOFXODWHWKHORDQSD\PHQWXVLQJD\HDUWHUP &DOFXODWHWKHUHPDLQLQJEDODQFHDIWHU\HDUV Step 1. )LUVWFDOFXODWHWKHORDQSD\PHQWXVLQJD\HDUWHUP PV = 172,500 I/YR = 8.8% N = 25 × 12 P/YR = 12 1 PMT = ? End Mode 6HWWR(QGPRGH3UHVV *b *U / . 2 Keys: 58 ... 2 *O 299 300 LIBEGIN DQQXQFLDWRULVGLVSOD\HG Display: Description: 12.00 6HWVSHULRGVSHU\HDU 6WRUHVOHQJWKRI PRUWJDJHï PRQWKV 6WRUHVORDQEDODQFH DIWHU\HDUV 6WRUHVRULJLQDOORDQ EDODQFH 6WRUHVDQQXDOLQWHUHVW UDWH &DOFXODWHVPRQWKO\ SD\PHQW 300.00 0.00 172,500.00 8.80 –1,424.06 5: Time Value of Money Calculations book Page 59 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM Step 2. 6LQFHWKHSD\PHQWLVDWWKHHQGRIWKHPRQWKWKHSDVWSD\PHQW DQGWKHEDOORRQSD\PHQWRFFXUDWWKHVDPHWLPH7KHILQDOSD\PHQWLVWKH VXPRI307DQG)9 PV = 172,500.00 I/YR = 8.8% N = 4 × 12 P/YR = 12 1 2 3 ... 4 44 45 46 47 48 PMT = -1,424.06 End Mode FV = ? 7KHYDOXHLQ307VKRXOGDOZD\VEHURXQGHGWRWZR GHFLPDOSODFHVZKHQFDOFXODWLQJ)9RU39WRDYRLGVPDOO DFFXPXODWLYHGLVFUHSDQFLHVEHWZHHQQRQURXQGHG QXPEHUVDQGDFWXDOGROODUVDQGFHQWVSD\PHQWV,IWKH GLVSOD\LVQRWVHWWRWZRGHFLPDOSODFHVSUHVV * *L2 P / 2 Keys: Display: Description: –1,424.06 5RXQGVSD\PHQWWR WZRGHFLPDOSODFHV WKHQVWRUHV 6WRUHV\HDUWHUP ïWKDW\RXH[SHFWWR RZQKRXVH &DOFXODWHVORDQEDO DQFHDIWHU\HDUV &DOFXODWHVWRWDOWK SD\PHQW307DQG )9WRSD\RIIORDQ PRQH\SDLGRXWLV QHJDWLYH 48.00 –163,388.39 –164,812.45 5: Time Value of Money Calculations 59 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM Savings Calculations Example: A Savings Account. ,I\RXGHSRVLWLQDVDYLQJV DFFRXQWWKDWSD\VDQQXDOLQWHUHVWFRPSRXQGHGDQQXDOO\DQGPDNH QRRWKHUGHSRVLWVWRWKHDFFRXQWKRZORQJZLOOLWWDNHIRUWKHDFFRXQWWR JURZWR" FV = 3,000.00 I/YR = 7.2% N=? P/YR = 1 1 2 ... 3 N=? PMT = 0 PV = -2,000.00 6LQFHWKLVDFFRXQWKDVQRUHJXODUSD\PHQWV307 WKHSD\PHQW PRGH(QGRU%HJLQLVLUUHOHYDQW *& *b ( / . P Keys: 60 Display: Description: 0.00 &OHDUVDOOUHJLVWHUV 6HWV3<5WRVLQFHLQWHUHVW LVFRPSRXQGHGDQQXDOO\ 6WRUHVDPRXQWSDLGRXWIRU ILUVWGHSRVLW 6WRUHVWKHDPRXQW\RXZLVK WRDFFXPXODWH 6WRUHVDQQXDOLQWHUHVWUDWH &DOFXODWHVQXPEHURI\HDUVLW WDNHVWRUHDFK 1.00 –2,000.00 3,000.00 7.20 5.83 5: Time Value of Money Calculations .book Page 61 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM 6LQFHWKHFDOFXODWHGYDOXHRI1LVEHWZHHQDQGLWZLOOWDNHVL[\HDUVRI DQQXDOFRPSRXQGLQJWRDFKLHYHDEDODQFHRIDWOHDVW&DOFXODWHWKH DFWXDOEDODQFHDWWKHHQGRIVL[\HDUV P / P 6HWV WR\HDUV &DOFXODWHVDPRXQW\RX FDQZLWKGUDZDIWHU \HDUV 6.00 3,035.28 Example: An Individual Retirement Account. <RXRSHQHGDQ LQGLYLGXDOUHWLUHPHQWDFFRXQWRQ$SULOZLWKDGHSRVLWRI LVGHGXFWHGIURP\RXUSD\FKHFNDQG\RXDUHSDLGWZLFHDPRQWK 7KHDFFRXQWSD\VDQQXDOLQWHUHVWFRPSRXQGHGVHPLPRQWKO\+RZ PXFKZLOOEHLQWKHDFFRXQWRQ$SULO" FV= ? (Half-months periods) 1 2 3 4 I/YR = 6.3% N = 360 (15 years × 24 half-months) P/YR = 24 ... 360 PMT = -80.00 PV = -2,000.00 6HWWR(QGPRGH3UHVV *O LIBEGIN DQQXQFLDWRULVGLVSOD\HG 5: Time Value of Money Calculations 61 ook Page 62 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM *b ( (2 . *U / Keys: Display: Description: 24.00 6HWVQXPEHURISHULRGV SHU\HDU 6WRUHVLQLWLDOGHSRVLW 6WRUHVUHJXODU VHPLPRQWKO\GHSRVLWV 6WRUHVLQWHUHVWUDWH 6WRUHVQXPEHURI GHSRVLWV &DOFXODWHVEDODQFH –2,000.00 –80.00 6.30 360.00 52,975.60 Example: An Annuity Account. <RXRSWIRUDQHDUO\UHWLUHPHQWDIWHUD VXFFHVVIXOEXVLQHVVFDUHHU<RXKDYHDFFXPXODWHGDVDYLQJVRI WKDWHDUQVDQDYHUDJHRIDQQXDOLQWHUHVWFRPSRXQGHGPRQWKO\:KDW DQQXLW\UHSHWLWLYHXQLIRUPZLWKGUDZDORIIXQGVZLOO\RXUHFHLYHDWWKH EHJLQQLQJRIHDFKPRQWKLI\RXZLVKWKDWVDYLQJVDFFRXQWWRVXSSRUW\RX IRUWKHQH[W\HDUV" PMT = ? 1 ... 2 I/YR = 7% N = 600 (50 × 12) P/YR = 12 PV = -400,000.00 Begin Mode 6HWWR%HJLQPRGH3UHVV 62 *O 599 600 FV = 0 LIDQQXQFLDWRULVQRWGLVSOD\HG 5: Time Value of Money Calculations .book Page 63 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM *b ( . *U / 2 Keys: Display: Description: 12.00 6HWVSD\PHQWVSHU\HDU 6WRUHV\RXUQHVWHJJDV DQRXWJRLQJGHSRVLW 6WRUHVDQQXDOLQWHUHVW UDWH\RXH[SHFWWRHDUQ 6WRUHVQXPEHURI ZLWKGUDZDOV 6WRUHVEDODQFHRI DFFRXQWDIWHU\HDUV &DOFXODWHVDPRXQWWKDW \RXFDQZLWKGUDZDW WKHEHJLQQLQJRIHDFK PRQWK –400,000.00 7.00 600.00 0.00 2,392.80 Lease Calculations $OHDVHLVDORDQRIYDOXDEOHSURSHUW\OLNHUHDOHVWDWHDXWRPRELOHVRU HTXLSPHQWIRUDVSHFLILFDPRXQWRIWLPHLQH[FKDQJHIRUUHJXODU SD\PHQWV6RPHOHDVHVDUHZULWWHQDVSXUFKDVHDJUHHPHQWVZLWKDQ RSWLRQWREX\DWWKHHQGRIWKHOHDVHVRPHWLPHVIRUDVOLWWOHDV 7KHGHILQHGIXWXUHYDOXH)9RIWKHSURSHUW\DWWKHHQGRIDOHDVHLV VRPHWLPHVFDOOHGWKH´UHVLGXDOYDOXHµRU´EX\RXWYDOXHµ $OOILYH790DSSOLFDWLRQNH\VFDQEHXVHGLQOHDVHFDOFXODWLRQV7KHUHDUH WZRFRPPRQOHDVHFDOFXODWLRQV n )LQGLQJWKHOHDVHSD\PHQWQHFHVVDU\WRDFKLHYHDVSHFLILHG\LHOG n )LQGLQJWKHSUHVHQWYDOXHFDSLWDOL]HGYDOXHRIDOHDVH 7KHILUVWSD\PHQWRQDOHDVHXVXDOO\RFFXUVDWWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKHILUVW SHULRG7KXVPRVWOHDVHFDOFXODWLRQVXVH%HJLQPRGH Example: Calculating a Lease Payment. $FXVWRPHUZLVKHVWROHDVH DFDUIRUWKUHH\HDUV7KHOHDVHLQFOXGHVDQRSWLRQWREX\WKHFDU IRUDWWKHHQGRIWKHOHDVH7KHILUVWPRQWKO\SD\PHQWLVGXHWKH GD\WKHFXVWRPHUGULYHVWKHFDURIIWKHORW,I\RXZDQWWR\LHOG DQQXDOO\FRPSRXQGHGPRQWKO\ZKDWZLOOWKHSD\PHQWVEH"&DOFXODWHWKH SD\PHQWVIURP\RXUWKHGHDOHU·VSRLQWRIYLHZ 5: Time Value of Money Calculations 63 10B.book Page 64 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM FV = 7,500.00 Money received by lessor is positive PMT = ? 1 2 ... 35 I/YR = 10% N = 36 P/YR = 12 PV = -13,500.00 Begin Mode 6HWWR%HJLQPRGH3UHVV *b . ( / P 2 Keys: *O 36 Money paid out by lessor is negative LIDQQXQFLDWRULVQRWGLVSOD\HG Display: Description: 12.00 6HWVSD\PHQWVSHU\HDU 6WRUHVGHVLUHGDQQXDO \LHOG 6WRUHVOHDVHSULFH 6WRUHVUHVLGXDOEX\RXW YDOXH 6WRUHVOHQJWKRIOHDVH LQPRQWKV &DOFXODWHVPRQWKO\ OHDVHSD\PHQW 10.00 –13,500.00 7,500.00 36.00 253.99 1RWLFHWKDWHYHQLIWKHFXVWRPHUFKRRVHVQRWWREX\WKHFDUWKHOHVVRU VWLOOLQFOXGHVDFDVKIORZFRPLQJLQDWWKHHQGRIWKHOHDVHHTXDOWRWKH UHVLGXDOYDOXHRIWKHFDU:KHWKHUWKHFXVWRPHUEX\VWKHFDURULWLVVROG RQWKHRSHQPDUNHWWKHOHVVRUH[SHFWVWRUHFRYHU 64 5: Time Value of Money Calculations 10B.book Page 65 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM Example: Lease With Advance Payments. <RXUFRPSDQ\4XLFN.LW 3ROH%DUQVSODQVWROHDVHDIRUNOLIWIRUWKHZDUHKRXVH7KHOHDVHLVZULWWHQ IRUDWHUPRI\HDUVZLWKPRQWKO\SD\PHQWVRI3D\PHQWVDUHGXH DWWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKHPRQWKZLWKWKHILUVWDQGODVWSD\PHQWVGXHDWWKH RQVHWRIWKHOHDVH<RXKDYHDQRSWLRQWREX\WKHIRUNOLIWIRUDW WKHHQGRIWKHOHDVLQJSHULRG ,IWKHDQQXDOLQWHUHVWUDWHLVZKDWLVWKHFDSLWDOL]HGYDOXHRIWKHOHDVH" Begin Mode PV = ? I/YR = 9% N = 48 P/YR = 12 1 2 3 4 ... 44 45 46 47 48 PMT = -2,400.00 (48th payment due up front) FV = -15,000.00 7KLVVROXWLRQUHTXLUHVIRXUVWHSV &DOFXODWHWKHSUHVHQWYDOXHRIWKHPRQWKO\SD\PHQWV ï² $GGWKHYDOXHRIWKHDGGLWLRQDODGYDQFHSD\PHQW )LQGWKHSUHVHQWYDOXHRIWKHEX\RSWLRQ 6XPWKHYDOXHVFDOFXODWHGLQVWHSVDQG Step 1)LQGWKHSUHVHQWYDOXHRIWKHPRQWKO\SD\PHQWV 6HWWR%HJLQPRGH3UHVV *O LIDQQXQFLDWRULVQRWGLVSOD\HG 5: Time Value of Money Calculations 65 10B.book Page 66 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM *b P (2 / . 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FRQWULEXWHPRUHLQWHUHVWDQGOHVVSULQFLSDOWKDQSD\PHQWV QHDUWKHHQGRIDORDQ PAYMENT $ PRINCIPAL $ INTEREST $ 7KH * TIME NH\RQWKH+3%,,DOORZV\RXWRFDOFXODWH n 7KHDPRXQWDSSOLHGWRLQWHUHVWLQDUDQJHRISD\PHQWV n 7KHDPRXQWDSSOLHGWRSULQFLSDOLQDUDQJHRISD\PHQWV n 7KHORDQEDODQFHDIWHUDVSHFLILHGQXPEHURISD\PHQWVDUHPDGH * IXQFWLRQDVVXPHV\RXKDYHMXVWFDOFXODWHGDSD\PHQWRU\RX 7KH KDYHVWRUHGWKHDSSURSULDWHDPRUWL]DWLRQYDOXHVLQ,<539)9307 DQG3<5 5: Time Value of Money Calculations 67 .book Page 68 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM . /2 *b $QQXDOQRPLQDOLQWHUHVWUDWH 6WDUWLQJEDODQFH (QGLQJEDODQFH 3D\PHQWDPRXQWURXQGHGWRWKHGLVSOD\IRUPDW 1XPEHURISD\PHQWVSHU\HDU 7KHQXPEHUVGLVSOD\HGIRULQWHUHVWSULQFLSDODQGEDODQFHDUHURXQGHGWR WKHFXUUHQWGLVSOD\VHWWLQJ * To Amortize. 7RDPRUWL]HDVLQJOHSD\PHQWHQWHUWKHSHULRGQXPEHU DQGSUHVV 7KH+3%,,GLVSOD\VWKHDQQXQFLDWRUPERIROORZHG E\WKHVWDUWLQJDQGHQGLQJSD\PHQWVWKDWZLOOEHDPRUWL]HG 3UHVV WRVHHLQWHUHVWINT3UHVV DJDLQWRVHHWKHSULQFLSDOPRIN DQGDJDLQWRVHHWKHEDODQFHBAL&RQWLQXHSUHVVLQJ WRF\FOHWKURXJK 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6WRUHVIXWXUHYDOXH &DOFXODWHVPRQWKO\ SD\PHQW 360.00 7.75 180,000.00 0.00 –1,289.54 ,I\RXDOUHDG\NQRZWKHPRUWJDJHSD\PHQW\RXFDQHQWHUDQGVWRUHLWMXVW OLNH\RXVWRUHWKHRWKHUIRXUYDOXHV1H[WDPRUWL]HWKHILUVW\HDU 0 * 12_ 1– 12 –1,579.82 –13,894.66 178,420.18 (QWHUVVWDUWLQJDQG HQGLQJSHULRGV 'LVSOD\VWKH3(5 DQQXQFLDWRUDQGUDQJH 'LVSOD\VWKH35,1 DQQXQFLDWRUDQGWKH SULQFLSDOSDLGLQWKH ILUVW\HDU 'LVSOD\VWKH,17 DQQXQFLDWRUDQGWKH LQWHUHVWSDLGLQWKHILUVW \HDU 'LVSOD\VWKH%$/ DQQXQFLDWRUDQGWKH ORDQEDODQFHDIWHURQH \HDU 7KHDPRXQWSDLGWRZDUGLQWHUHVWDQGSULQFLSDO HTXDOVWKHWRWDORIPRQWKO\SD\PHQWVï 7KHUHPDLQLQJEDODQFHHTXDOVWKHLQLWLDOPRUWJDJHOHVVWKH DPRXQWDSSOLHGWRZDUGSULQFLSDO² 5: Time Value of Money Calculations 69 10B.book Page 70 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM * $PRUWL]HWKHVHFRQG\HDU 13– 24 –1,706.69 –13,767.79 176,713.49 'LVSOD\V3(5DQGWKH QH[WUDQJHRISHULRGV 'LVSOD\V35,1DQGWKH SULQFLSDOSDLGLQWKH VHFRQG\HDU 'LVSOD\V,17DQGWKH LQWHUHVWSDLGLQWKHVHF RQG\HDU 'LVSOD\V%$/DQGWKH ORDQEDODQFHDIWHU SD\PHQWV 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12:32 PM XXX 11,765.29 Flows are 1 2 received positive. 3 -2,000.00 Flows are paid out negative. -4,000.00 -5,000.00 *& *b (, Keys: (, (, , *9 d 76 Display: Description: 0.00 &OHDUVDOOUHJLVWHUV 6WRUHVSHULRGVSHU\HDU (QWHUVLQLWLDOFDVKIORZ 'LVSOD\VFDVKIORZ JURXSQXPEHUZKLOH \RXKROGGRZQ (QWHUVQH[WFDVKIORZ (QWHUVQH[WFDVKIORZ (QWHUVILQDOFDVKIORZ &DOFXODWHVDQQXDO QRPLQDO\LHOG 0RQWKO\\LHOG 12.00 –5,000.00 –2,000.00 –4,000.00 11,765.29 38.98 3.25 6: Cash Flow Calculations , chapt_6.fm Page 77 Thursday, June 22, 2000 12:32 PM NPV and IRR/YR: Discontinuing Cash Flows &KDSWHUGHPRQVWUDWHVWKHXVHRIFDVKIORZGLDJUDPVWRFODULI\ILQDQFLDO SUREOHPV7KLVVHFWLRQGHVFULEHVGLVFRXQWHGFDVKIORZV7KH139DQG ,55<5IXQFWLRQVDUHIUHTXHQWO\UHIHUUHGWRDVGLVFRXQWHGFDVKIORZIXQFWLRQV :KHQDFDVKIORZLVGLVFRXQWHG\RXFDOFXODWHLWVSUHVHQWYDOXH:KHQ PXOWLSOHFDVKIORZVDUHGLVFRXQWHG\RXFDOFXODWHWKHSUHVHQWYDOXHVDQG DGGWKHPWRJHWKHU 7KHQHWSUHVHQWYDOXH139IXQFWLRQILQGVWKHSUHVHQWYDOXHRIDVHULHV RIFDVKIORZV7KHDQQXDOQRPLQDOLQWHUHVWUDWHPXVWEHNQRZQWR 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&OHDUVUHJLVWHUV 6HWVSD\PHQWVSHU\HDU (QWHUVLQLWLDOFDVKIORZ RI]HUR7KHFDVKIORZ QXPEHULVGLVSOD\HGDV ORQJDV\RXKROGGRZQ WKH NH\ (QWHUVILUVWFDVKIORZ (QWHUVQXPEHURI RFFXUUHQFHV (QWHUVVHFRQGFDVKIORZ (QWHUVWKLUGFDVKIORZ (QWHUVQXPEHURI RFFXUUHQFHV (QWHUVIRXUWKFDVKIORZ (QWHUVQXPEHURI RFFXUUHQFHV (QWHUVILIWKFDVKIORZ (QWHUVQXPEHURI RFFXUUHQFHV (QWHUVVL[WKFDVKIORZ (QWHUVVHYHQWKFDVK IORZ 12.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 5,000.00 0.00 4.00 5,000.00 2.00 0.00 4.00 7,500.00 0.00 , 6: Cash Flow Calculations 81 fm Page 82 Thursday, June 22, 2000 12:32 PM *C , Keys: Display: Description: 9.00 (QWHUVQXPEHURI RFFXUUHQFHV (QWHUVQH[WFDVKIORZ 10,000.00 , , *C 7KHFDVKIORZVWKDWGHVFULEH\RXUSURVSHFWLYHLQYHVWPHQWDUHQRZLQWKH FDOFXODWRU<RXFDQSUHVV IROORZHGE\ DQG UHSHDWHGO\WRYLHZWKHFDVKIORZVDQGQXPEHURIWLPHVHDFKRFFXUV 1RZWKDW\RXKDYHHQWHUHGWKHFDVKIORZVVWRUHWKHLQWHUHVWUDWHDQG FDOFXODWHWKHQHWSUHVHQWYDOXH . *N Keys: Display: Description: 15.00 6WRUHVDQQXDOLQWHUHVW UDWH &DOFXODWHVQHWSUHVHQW YDOXHRIVWRUHGFDVK IORZV6HHURXQGLQJ 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6WRUHVRULJLQDODPRXQW RIPRUWJDJH 8.50 360.00 160,000.00 8: Additional Examples 101 .book Page 102 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM / 0.00 2 . –1,230.26 160,000.00 156,800 8.72 7KHORDQZLOOEH FRPSOHWHO\SDLGRIILQ \HDUV &DOFXODWHVSD\PHQW 5HFDOOVORDQDPRXQW 6XEWUDFWVSRLQWV &DOFXODWHV$35 FRQVLGHULQJIHHV Example: Interest-Only Loan With Fee. $\HDU DQQXDOLQWHUHVWLQWHUHVWRQO\ORDQKDVDQRULJLQDWLRQIHHRIWKUHHSRLQWV :KDWLVWKH\LHOGWRWKHOHQGHU"$VVXPHWKDWPRQWKO\SD\PHQWVRI LQWHUHVWDUHPDGH *OLI BEGIN DQQXQFLDWRULVGLVSOD\HG 6HWWR(QGPRGH3UHVV *b . *U (/ Keys: 2 . 102 8: Additional Examples Display: Description: 12.00 6HWVSD\PHQWVSHU\HDU 6WRUHVLQWHUHVWUDWH 6WRUHVOHQJWKRI PRUWJDJH 6WRUHVRULJLQDODPRXQW RIPRUWJDJH (QWHUVDPRXQWGXHDW HQGRIWHUP3D\PHQWV DUHLQWHUHVWRQO\VR HQWLUHORDQDPRXQWLV GXH &DOFXODWHVLQWHUHVWRQO\ SD\PHQWV 5HFDOOVORDQDPRXQW 6XEWUDFWVSRLQWV &DOFXODWHV$35 12.00 120.00 1,000,000.00 –1,000,000.00 –10,000.00 1,000,000.00 970,000.00 12.53 10B.book Page 103 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM Loan With a 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6WRUHVILUVWLQWHUHVW UDWH &DOFXODWHVSD\PHQW &DOFXODWHVWRWDOLQWHUHVW DQGSULQFLSDO 10B.book Page 105 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM &DOFXODWHWKHVHFRQGRSWLRQ . 2 "P Keys: Display: Description: 11,500.00 6WRUHVORDQDPRXQWZLWK UHEDWH 6WRUHVVHFRQGLQWHUHVWUDWH &DOFXODWHVSD\PHQW &DOFXODWHVWRWDOLQWHUHVWDQG SULQFLSDO 9.50 –368.38 –13,261.64 7KHILUVWRSWLRQFRVWVVOLJKWO\OHVV Canadian Mortgages ,Q&DQDGLDQPRUWJDJHVWKHFRPSRXQGLQJDQGSD\PHQWSHULRGVDUHQRW WKHVDPH,QWHUHVWLVFRPSRXQGHGVHPLDQQXDOO\ZKLOHSD\PHQWVDUH PDGHPRQWKO\7RXVHWKH790DSSOLFDWLRQLQWKH+3%,,\RXQHHGWR FDOFXODWHD&DQDGLDQPRUWJDJHIDFWRUZKLFKLVDQDGMXVWHGLQWHUHVWUDWHWR VWRUHLQ,<5 )RUDGGLWLRQDOLQIRUPDWLRQRQLQWHUHVWUDWHFRQYHUVLRQVVHH´,QWHUHVW 5DWH&RQYHUVLRQVµRQSDJH Example. :KDWLVWKHPRQWKO\SD\PHQWUHTXLUHGWRIXOO\DPRUWL]HD \HDU&DQDGLDQPRUWJDJHLIWKHDQQXDOLQWHUHVWUDWHLV" * *b *Z *b * /*U 2 Keys: Display: Description: 12.00 2.00 6WRUHVNQRZQQRPLQDO SHUFHQWDJHDQGQXPEHURI FRPSRXQGLQJSHULRGV &DOFXODWHVDQQXDOHIIHFWLYH UDWH 6HWVSD\PHQWVSHU\HDU 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Page 108 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM Savings Saving for College Costs 6XSSRVH\RXVWDUWVDYLQJQRZWRDFFRPPRGDWHDIXWXUHVHULHVRIFDVK RXWIORZV$QH[DPSOHRIWKLVLVVDYLQJPRQH\IRUFROOHJH7RGHWHUPLQH KRZPXFK\RXQHHGWRVDYHHDFKSHULRG\RXPXVWNQRZZKHQ\RX·OO QHHGWKHPRQH\KRZPXFK\RX·OOQHHGDQGDWZKDWLQWHUHVWUDWH\RXFDQ LQYHVW\RXUGHSRVLWV Example. <RXUROGHVWGDXJKWHUZLOODWWHQGFROOHJHLQ\HDUVDQG\RX DUHVWDUWLQJDIXQGIRUKHUHGXFDWLRQ6KHZLOOQHHGDWWKH EHJLQQLQJRIHDFK\HDUIRUIRXU\HDUV7KHIXQGHDUQVDQQXDOLQWHUHVW FRPSRXQGHGPRQWKO\DQG\RXSODQWRPDNHPRQWKO\GHSRVLWVVWDUWLQJ DWWKHHQGRIWKHFXUUHQWPRQWK7KHGHSRVLWVFHDVHZKHQVKHEHJLQV FROOHJH+RZPXFKGR\RXQHHGWRGHSRVLWHDFKPRQWK" 7KLVSUREOHPLVVROYHGLQWZRVWHSV)LUVWFDOFXODWHWKHDPRXQW\RX·OO QHHGZKHQVKHVWDUWVFROOHJH6WDUWZLWKDQLQWHUHVWUDWHFRQYHUVLRQ EHFDXVHRIWKHPRQWKO\FRPSRXQGLQJ $15,000 Year 1 Keys: * *b I/YR = 9% Year 2 *Z 108 8: Additional Examples *OLI Display: 6HWWR%HJLQPRGH3UHVV Year 3 9.00 12.00 9.38 Year 4 Description: BEGIN DQQXQFLDWRULVQRWGLVSOD\HG 6WRUHVDQQXDOQRPLQDO UDWH 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I/YR = 9% 1 2 3 4 ... 142 143 144 PMT = ? 8: Additional Examples 109 book Page 110 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM *OLI 6HWWR(QGPRGH3UHVV (/ *b P . 2 BEGIN DQQXQFLDWRULVGLVSOD\HG 52,713.28 0.00 12.00 144.00 9.00 –204.54 6WRUHVDPRXQW\RX QHHG 6WRUHVDPRXQW\RXDUH VWDUWLQJZLWK 6HWVSD\PHQWVSHU\HDU 6WRUHVQXPEHURI GHSRVLWV 6WRUHVLQWHUHVWUDWH &DOFXODWHVPRQWKO\ GHSRVLWUHTXLUHG Gains That Go Untaxed Until Withdrawal <RXFDQXVHWKH790DSSOLFDWLRQWRFDOFXODWHWKHIXWXUHYDOXHRIDWD[ IUHHRUWD[GHIHUUHGDFFRXQW&XUUHQWWD[ODZVDQG\RXULQFRPH GHWHUPLQHZKHWKHUERWKLQWHUHVWDQGSULQFLSDODUHWD[IUHH<RXFDQVROYH IRUHLWKHUFDVH 7KHSXUFKDVLQJSRZHURIWKDWIXWXUHYDOXHGHSHQGVXSRQWKHLQIODWLRQ UDWHDQGWKHGXUDWLRQRIWKHDFFRXQW Example. <RXDUHFRQVLGHULQJRSHQLQJDWD[GHIHUUHGDFFRXQWZLWKD GLYLGHQGUDWHRI,I\RXLQYHVWDWWKHEHJLQQLQJRIHDFK \HDUIRU\HDUVKRZPXFKZLOOEHLQWKHDFFRXQWDWUHWLUHPHQW"+RZ PXFKZLOO\RXKDYHSDLGLQWRWKHDFFRXQW"+RZPXFKLQWHUHVWZLOO\RX KDYHHDUQHG",I\RXUSRVWUHWLUHPHQWWD[UDWHLVZKDWZLOOWKHDIWHU WD[IXWXUHYDOXHRIWKHDFFRXQWEH"$VVXPHWKDWRQO\WKHLQWHUHVWLVWD[HG DVVXPHWKHSULQFLSDOZDVWD[HGEHIRUHGHSRVLW:KDWLVWKHSXUFKDVLQJ SRZHURIWKDWDPRXQWLQWRGD\·VGROODUVDVVXPLQJDLQIODWLRQUDWH" 110 8: Additional Examples book Page 111 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM 6HWWR%HJLQPRGH3UHVV *b P . 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ILUVWPRQWKV (QWHUVQXPEHURI WLPHVSD\PHQWRFFXUV (QWHUVQHWSD\PHQWIRU QH[WPRQWKV (QWHUVQXPEHURI WLPHVSD\PHQWRFFXUV &DOFXODWHVDQQXDO UHWXUQ CF1 107.59 n1 82.00 CF2 861.59 n2 98.00 10.16 .book Page 115 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM Net Future Value 7KHQHWIXWXUHYDOXHFDQEHFDOFXODWHGE\XVLQJWKH790NH\VWRVOLGHWKH QHWSUHVHQWYDOXH139IRUZDUGRQWKHFDVKIORZGLDJUDP Example: Value of a Fund. <RXKDYHPDGHWKHIROORZLQJGHSRVLWVRYHU WKHSDVWWZR\HDUVLQWRDPRQH\PDUNHWIXQGHDUQLQJ:KDWLVWKH FXUUHQWEDODQFHRIWKHDFFRXQW" 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 -3,000 -12,000 I/YR = 8.8% *OLI 6HWWR(QGPRGH3UHVV *& *b (, , *C (, *C ,*C (, ,*C Keys: -7,500 -2,000 Current Date BEGIN DQQXQFLDWRULVGLVSOD\HG Display: Description: 12.00 &OHDUVDOOUHJLVWHUV 6HWVSD\PHQWVSHU\HDU (QWHUVLQLWLDOFDVKIORZ CF0 –12,000.00 CF1 0.00 n1 2.00 CF2 –3,000.00 n2 3.00 n3 9.00 CF4 –7,500.00 n5 3.00 (QWHUVDPRXQWLQ JURXS (QWHUVQXPEHURI WLPHVSD\PHQWRFFXUV (QWHUVDPRXQWLQ JURXS (QWHUVQXPEHURI WLPHVSD\PHQWRFFXUV (QWHUVQXPEHURI WLPHVSD\PHQWRFFXUV (QWHUVFDVKIORZJURXS (QWHUVQXPEHURI WLPHVSD\PHQWRFFXUV 8: Additional Examples 115 10B.book Page 116 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM (, . *N P 2 / 116 8: Additional Examples CF6 –2,000.00 8.80 –29,203.14 24.00 (QWHUVFDVKIORZJURXS 6WRUHVDQQXDOLQWHUHVW UDWH &DOFXODWHVQHWSUHVHQW YDOXH139 DXWRPDWLFDOO\VWRUHGDV 39 6WRUHVNQRZQYDOXHV 0.00 34,800.58 &DOFXODWHVQHWIXWXUH YDOXH 10B.book Page 117 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM A Assistance, Batteries, and Service +HZOHWW3DFNDUGLVFRPPLWWHGWRSURYLGLQJ\RXZLWKRQJRLQJVXSSRUW <RXFDQREWDLQDQVZHUVWRTXHVWLRQVDERXWXVLQJ\RXUFDOFXODWRUIURP RXU&DOFXODWRU6XSSRUWGHSDUWPHQW 3OHDVHUHDG´$QVZHUVWR&RPPRQ4XHVWLRQVµEHIRUHFRQWDFWLQJXV2XU H[SHULHQFHKDVVKRZQWKDWPDQ\RIRXUFXVWRPHUVKDYHVLPLODUTXHVWLRQV DERXWRXUSURGXFWV,I\RXGRQ·WILQGDQDQVZHUWR\RXUTXHVWLRQ\RXFDQ FRQWDFWXVXVLQJWKHDGGUHVVRUSKRQHQXPEHUOLVWHGRQWKHLQVLGHEDFN FRYHU Answers to Common Questions Q: ,·PQRWVXUHLIWKHFDOFXODWRULVPDOIXQFWLRQLQJRULI,·PGRLQJ VRPHWKLQJLQFRUUHFWO\+RZFDQ,GHWHUPLQHLIWKHFDOFXODWRULVRSHUDWLQJ SURSHUO\" A: 6HH´'HWHUPLQLQJLIWKH&DOFXODWRU5HTXLUHV6HUYLFHµRQ SDJH Q: 0\QXPEHUVFRQWDLQFRPPDVLQVWHDGRISHULRGVDVGHFLPDOSRLQWV +RZGR,UHVWRUHWKHSHULRGV" *SDJH A: 3UHVV Q: +RZGR,FKDQJHWKHQXPEHURIGHFLPDOSODFHVWKDWWKH+3 %,, GLVSOD\V" *DQGWKHQXPEHURIGHFLPDOSODFHVWKDW\RXZDQW A: 3UHVV SDJH A: Assistance, Batteries, and Service 117 .book Page 118 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM Q: :KDWGRHVDQ´(µLQDQXPEHUIRUH[DPSOH(²PHDQ" A: ([SRQHQWRIWHQIRUH[DPSOHï²5HIHUWR´6FLHQWLILF 1RWDWLRQµRQSDJH Q: :K\GR,JHWDZURQJDQVZHURUWKHNo Solution PHVVDJH ZKHQXVLQJ790" A: %HVXUHWRHQWHUDYDOXHIRUIRXURIWKHILYH790YDOXHVEHIRUH\RX VROYHIRUWKHILIWKHYHQLIRQHRIWKHYDOXHVLV]HUR'RQ·WIRUJHWWRVWRUH D]HURIRU LI\RXFRPSOHWHO\SD\RIIDORDQ&OHDULQJDOOWKHUHJLVWHUV EHIRUHHQWHULQJ\RXUNQRZQYDOXHVDFFRPSOLVKHVWKHVDPHWKLQJ &KHFNWRVHHWKDWWKHFDOFXODWRULVLQWKHDSSURSULDWHSD\PHQWPRGH %HJLQRU(QGPRGHDQGWKDW3<5LVVHWFRUUHFWO\ *& / Q: +RZFDQ,FKDQJHWKHVLJQRIDQXPEHULQDOLVWRIFDVKIORZV" A: <RXPXVWUHSODFHWKHFDVKIORZHQWU\6HH´9LHZLQJDQG 5HSODFLQJ&DVK)ORZVµRQSDJH Q: :KDWGRHVPEND LQWKHGLVSOD\PHDQ" A: $QDULWKPHWLFRSHUDWLRQLVSHQGLQJLQSURJUHVV Q: :KDWGRHVINPUT LQWKHGLVSOD\PHDQ" A:7KH 0NH\KDVEHHQSUHVVHGSDJH Q: :K\LV,55<5ODUJHUWKDQ,H[SHFWHG" A: 7KLVLV,55SHU\HDU7RVHHDSHULRGLF,55GLYLGH,55<5E\3<5 Environmental Limits 7RPDLQWDLQSURGXFWUHOLDELOLW\\RXVKRXOGDYRLGJHWWLQJWKHFDOFXODWRU ZHWDQGREVHUYHWKHIROORZLQJWHPSHUDWXUHDQGKXPLGLW\OLPLWV n 2SHUDWLQJWHPSHUDWXUHWR&WR) n 6WRUDJHWHPSHUDWXUH²WR&²WR) n 2SHUDWLQJDQGVWRUDJHKXPLGLW\UHODWLYHKXPLGLW\DW& )PD[LPXP Noise Declaration. ,QWKHRSHUDWRUSRVLWLRQXQGHUQRUPDORSHUDWLRQ SHU,62/S$G% 118 A: Assistance, Batteries, and Service 10B.book Page 119 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM Power and Batteries 7KHFDOFXODWRULVSRZHUHGE\WZRYROWOLWKLXPEXWWRQFHOO EDWWHULHV :KHQFKDQJLQJEDWWHULHVXVHRQO\IUHVKEXWWRQFHOOEDWWHULHV %RWKEDWWHULHVPXVWEHFKDQJHGDWWKHVDPHWLPH 'RQRWXVHUHFKDUJHDEOHEDWWHULHV Low Power Annunciator :KHQWKHORZEDWWHU\SRZHUDQQXQFLDWRU FRPHVRQ\RX VKRXOGUHSODFHWKHEDWWHULHVDVVRRQDVSRVVLEOH,IWKHEDWWHU\ DQQXQFLDWRULVRQDQGWKHGLVSOD\GLPV\RXPD\ORVHGDWD7KH All Clear PHVVDJHLVGLVSOD\HGLIGDWDLVORVWGXHWRORZSRZHU Battery Specifications <RXU+3FDOFXODWRUUHTXLUHVWZRIUHVK&5OLWKLXPEDWWHULHV Installing Batteries +DYHWZRIUHVK&5EDWWHULHVDWKDQG2QO\WRXFKWKH EDWWHULHVE\WKHLUHGJHV:LSHHDFKEDWWHU\ZLWKDOLQWIUHH FORWKWRUHPRYHGLUWDQGRLO 0DNHVXUHWKHFDOFXODWRULVRII1RWHWKDW\RXZLOOORVHWKHFRQWHQWV RIPHPRU\ZKHQFKDQJLQJWKHEDWWHULHVVRZULWHGRZQDQ\GDWDWKDW \RXKDYHVWRUHGDQGQHHGIRUODWHUXVH 7XUQWKHFDOFXODWRURYHUDQGSULVHRIIWKHEDWWHU\FRYHU Accessing the battery compartment A: Assistance, Batteries, and Service 119 .book Page 120 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM 5HPRYHERWKEDWWHULHV 7KHUHLVDGDQJHURIH[SORVLRQLIEDWWHULHVDUH LQFRUUHFWO\UHSODFHG Warning 5HSODFHRQO\ZLWKWKHVDPHW\SHRIEDWWHU\RUZLWK HTXLYDOHQWEDWWHULHVDVUHFRPPHQGHGE\WKH PDQXIDFWXUHU'LVSRVHRIXVHGEDWWHULHVDFFRUGLQJWR WKHPDQXIDFWXUHU·VLQVWUXFWLRQV 'RQRWPXWLODWHSXQFWXUHRUGLVSRVHRIEDWWHULHVLQ ILUH7KHEDWWHULHVFDQEXUVWRUH[SORGHUHOHDVLQJ KD]DUGRXVFKHPLFDOV 'RQRWXVHQHZDQGROGEDWWHULHVWRJHWKHUDQGGRQRW PL[EDWWHULHVRIGLIIHUHQWW\SHV ,QVHUWWKHQHZEDWWHULHVPDNLQJVXUHWKDWWKHSRVLWLYHVLJQ RQHDFKEDWWHU\LVIDFLQJRXWZDUG 5HSODFHWKHEDWWHU\FRPSDUWPHQWOLG 3UHVV 1 ,IWKHFDOFXODWRUGRHVQRWWXUQRQIROORZWKHSURFHGXUHVLQWKHQH[W VHFWLRQ 120 A: Assistance, Batteries, and Service 10B.book Page 121 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM Determining if the Calculator Requires Service 8VHWKHVHJXLGHOLQHVWRGHWHUPLQHLIWKHFDOFXODWRUUHTXLUHVVHUYLFH,I WKHVHSURFHGXUHVFRQILUPWKDWWKHFDOFXODWRULVQRWIXQFWLRQLQJSURSHUO\ UHDGWKHVHFWLRQ´,IWKH&DOFXODWRU5HTXLUHV6HUYLFHµRQSDJH n The calculator won’t turn on (nothing is in the display): 7KLVFRQGLWLRQPRVWOLNHO\LQGLFDWHVWKDWWKHEDWWHULHVKDYHUXQRXW ,QVWDOOQHZEDWWHULHV ,IWKHFDOFXODWRUVWLOOGRHVQRWWXUQRQZKHQ\RXSUHVV UHVHWWKHFDOFXODWRUVHHEHORZDQGLIQHFHVVDU\ HUDVHWKHPHPRU\VHHEHORZ 7KH All Clear PHVVDJHVKRXOGQRZEHGLVSOD\HG,IWKLVLVQRWWKH FDVHWKHFDOFXODWRUUHTXLUHVDVHUYLFH 1 Resetting the calculator 7XUQWKHFDOFXODWRURYHUDQGUHPRYHWKHEDWWHU\FRYHU ,QVHUWWKHHQGRIDSDSHUFOLSLQWRWKHVPDOOURXQGKROHORFDWHG EHWZHHQWKHEDWWHULHV,QVHUWWKHFOLSDVIDUDVLWZLOOJR+ROGIRU RQHVHFRQGDQGWKHQWKHQUHPRYHWKHFOLS 3UHVV ,IWKHFDOFXODWRULVVWLOOQRWUHVSRQGLQJHUDVHWKHPHPRU\VHH EHORZDQGUHSHDWVWHSVWRDERYHRQHPRUHWLPH 1 1 P Erasing the calculator’s memory +ROGGRZQWKH NH\ +ROGGRZQWKH DQGWKHQWKH NH\ 5HOHDVHDOOWKUHHNH\V 0HPRU\LVFOHDUHGDQGAll ClearVKRXOGEHGLVSOD\HG / n The calculator doesn’t respond to keystrokes (nothing happens when you press the keys): 5HVHWWKHFDOFXODWRUVHHDERYHDQGLIQHFHVVDU\ HUDVHWKHPHPRU\VHHDERYH 7KH All Clear PHVVDJHVKRXOGQRZEHGLVSOD\HG,IWKLVLVQRWWKH FDVHWKHFDOFXODWRUUHTXLUHVDVHUYLFH A: Assistance, Batteries, and Service 121 10B.book Page 122 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM n The calculator responds to keystrokes but you suspect that it is malfunctioning: ,WLVOLNHO\WKDW\RX·YHPDGHDPLVWDNHLQRSHUDWLQJWKH FDOFXODWRU7U\UHUHDGLQJSRUWLRQVRIWKHPDQXDODQG FKHFN´$QVZHUVWR&RPPRQ4XHVWLRQVµRQSDJH &RQWDFWWKH&DOFXODWRU6XSSRUWGHSDUWPHQW7KHDGGUHVVDQG SKRQHQXPEHUDUHOLVWHGRQWKHLQVLGHEDFNFRYHU Limited One-Year Warranty What Is Covered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hat Is Not Covered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ssistance, Batteries, and Service 10B.book Page 123 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM 6RPHVWDWHVSURYLQFHVRUFRXQWULHVGRQRWDOORZOLPLWDWLRQVRQKRZORQJ DQLPSOLHGZDUUDQW\ODVWVVRWKHDERYHOLPLWDWLRQPD\QRWDSSO\WR\RX ,QQRHYHQWVKDOO+HZOHWW3DFNDUG&RPSDQ\EHOLDEOHIRU FRQVHTXHQWLDOGDPDJHV6RPHVWDWHVSURYLQFHVRUFRXQWULHVGRQRW DOORZWKHH[FOXVLRQRUOLPLWDWLRQRILQFLGHQWDORUFRQVHTXHQWLDOGDPDJHV VRWKHDERYHOLPLWDWLRQRUH[FOXVLRQPD\QRWDSSO\WR\RX 3URGXFWVDUHVROGRQWKHEDVLVRIVSHFLILFDWLRQVDSSOLFDEOHDWWKHWLPHRI PDQXIDFWXUH+HZOHWW3DFNDUGVKDOOKDYHQRREOLJDWLRQWRPRGLI\RU XSGDWHSURGXFWVRQFHVROG Consumer Transactions in the United Kingdom 7KLVZDUUDQW\VKDOOQRWDSSO\WRFRQVXPHUWUDQVDFWLRQVDQGVKDOOQRW DIIHFWWKHVWDWXWRU\ULJKWVRIDFRQVXPHU,QUHODWLRQWRVXFKWUDQVDFWLRQV WKHULJKWVDQGREOLJDWLRQVRI6HOOHUDQG%X\HUVKDOOEHGHWHUPLQHGE\ VWDWXWH If the Calculator Requires Service +HZOHWW3DFNDUGPDLQWDLQVVHUYLFHFHQWHUVLQPDQ\FRXQWULHV7KHVH FHQWHUVZLOOUHSDLUDFDOFXODWRURUUHSODFHLWZLWKWKHVDPHPRGHORURQH RIHTXDORUJUHDWHUYDOXHZKHWKHULWLVXQGHUZDUUDQW\RUQRW7KHUHLVD VHUYLFHFKDUJHIRUVHUYLFHDIWHUWKHZDUUDQW\SHULRG&DOFXODWRUVQRUPDOO\ DUHVHUYLFHGDQGUHVKLSSHGZLWKLQILYHZRUNLQJGD\V Obtaining Service n In the United States:6HQGWKHFDOFXODWRUWRDQDXWKRUL]HG+3 VHUYLFHFHQWHUOLVWHGRQWKHLQVLGHRIWKHEDFNFRYHU n In Europe:&RQWDFW\RXU+HZOHWW3DFNDUGVDOHVRIILFHRUGHDOHURU +HZOHWW3DFNDUG·V(XURSHDQKHDGTXDUWHUVIRUWKHORFDWLRQRIWKH QHDUHVWVHUYLFHFHQWHU'RQRWVKLSWKHFDOFXODWRUIRUVHUYLFHZLWKRXWILUVW FRQWDFWLQJD+HZOHWW3DFNDUGRIILFH 9LVLWKWWSZZZKSFRPFDOFXODWRUVIRUDOLVWRIVXSSRUWFHQWHUVLQ (XURSH n In other countries:&RQWDFW\RXU+HZOHWW3DFNDUGVDOHVRIILFHRU GHDOHURUZULWHWRDQDXWKRUL]HG+3VHUYLFHFHQWHUOLVWHGRQWKH LQVLGHRIWKHEDFNFRYHUIRUWKHORFDWLRQRIRWKHUVHUYLFHFHQWHUV A: Assistance, Batteries, and Service 123 10B.book Page 124 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM ,IORFDOVHUYLFHLVXQDYDLODEOH\RXFDQVKLSWKHFDOFXODWRUWRDQ DXWKRUL]HG+3VHUYLFHFHQWHUIRUUHSDLU $OOVKLSSLQJUHLPSRUWDWLRQDUUDQJHPHQWVDQGFXVWRPVFRVWVDUH \RXUUHVSRQVLELOLW\ Service Charge 7KHUHLVDVWDQGDUGUHSDLUFKDUJHIRURXWRIZDUUDQW\VHUYLFH$Q DXWKRUL]HG+3VHUYLFHFHQWHUOLVWHGRQWKHLQVLGHRIWKHEDFNFRYHUFDQ WHOO\RXKRZPXFKWKLVFKDUJHLV7KHIXOOFKDUJHLVVXEMHFWWRWKH FXVWRPHU·VORFDOVDOHVRUYDOXHDGGHGWD[ZKHUHYHUDSSOLFDEOH &DOFXODWRUSURGXFWVGDPDJHGE\DFFLGHQWRUPLVXVHDUHQRWFRYHUHGE\ WKHIL[HGVHUYLFHFKDUJHV,QWKHVHFDVHVFKDUJHVDUHLQGLYLGXDOO\ GHWHUPLQHGEDVHGRQWLPHDQGPDWHULDO Shipping Instructions ,I\RXUFDOFXODWRUUHTXLUHVVHUYLFHVKLSLWWRWKHQHDUHVWDXWKRUL]HG VHUYLFHFHQWHURUFROOHFWLRQSRLQW n ,QFOXGH\RXUUHWXUQDGGUHVVDQGGHVFULSWLRQRIWKHSUREOHP n ,QFOXGHSURRIRISXUFKDVHGDWHLIWKHZDUUDQW\KDVQRWH[SLUHG n ,QFOXGHDSXUFKDVHRUGHUFKHFNRUFUHGLWFDUGQXPEHUSOXV H[SLUDWLRQGDWH9,6$RU0DVWHU&DUGWRFRYHUWKHVWDQGDUGUHSDLU FKDUJH 1RWHWKDWFUHGLWFDUGVPD\QRWEHDFFHSWHGLQ(XURSH9LVLWKWWS ZZZKSFRPFDOFXODWRUVIRUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQ n 6KLSWKHFDOFXODWRULQDGHTXDWHSURWHFWLYHSDFNDJLQJWRSUHYHQW GDPDJH6XFKGDPDJHLVQRWFRYHUHGE\WKHZDUUDQW\VRZH UHFRPPHQGWKDW\RXLQVXUHWKHVKLSPHQW n 3D\WKHVKLSSLQJFKDUJHVIRUGHOLYHU\WRWKH&RUYDOOLV6HUYLFH&HQWHU ZKHWKHURUQRWWKHFDOFXODWRULVXQGHUZDUUDQW\ Warranty on Service 6HUYLFHLVZDUUDQWHGDJDLQVWGHIHFWVLQPDWHULDOVDQGZRUNPDQVKLSIRU GD\VIURPWKHGDWHRIVHUYLFHRU\RXURULJLQDOZDUUDQW\ZKLFKHYHULV ORQJHU 124 A: Assistance, Batteries, and Service 10B.book Page 125 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM Service Agreements ,QWKH86DVXSSRUWDJUHHPHQWLVDYDLODEOHIRUUHSDLUDQG VHUYLFH5HIHUWRWKHIRUPLQWKHIURQWRIWKHPDQXDO)RU DGGLWLRQDOLQIRUPDWLRQFRQWDFWD+36HUYLFH&HQWHUVHHWKH LQVLGHRIWKHEDFNFRYHU Regulatory Information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n 5HRULHQWRUUHORFDWHWKHUHFHLYLQJDQWHQQD n 5HORFDWHWKHFDOFXODWRUZLWKUHVSHFWWRWKHUHFHLYHU 3XUVXDQWWR3DUWRIWKH)&&5XOHVDQ\FKDQJHVRU PRGLILFDWLRQVWRWKLVHTXLSPHQWQRWH[SUHVVO\DSSURYHGE\ +HZOHWW3DFNDUGFRPSDQ\PD\YRLGWKHXVHU VDXWKRULW\WR RSHUDWHWKLVHTXLSPHQW Canada 7KLV&ODVV%GLJLWDODSSDUDWXVFRPSOLHVZLWK&DQDGLDQ (0&&ODVV%UHTXLUHPHQWV &HWDSSDUHLOQXPpULTXHGHODFODVVH%HVWFRPIRUPHjODFODVVH% GHVQRUPHVFDQDGLHQQHVGHFRPSDWLELOLWppOHFWURPDJQpWLTXHV &(0 A: Assistance, Batteries, and Service 125 Japan Disposal of Waste Equipment by Users in Private Household in the European Union This symbol on the product or on its packaging indicates that this product must not be disposed of with your other household waste. Instead, it is your responsibility to dispose of your waste equipment by handing it over to a designated collection point for the recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment. The separate collection and recycling of your waste equipment at the time of disposal will help to conserve natural resources and ensure that it is recycled in a manner that protects human health and the environment. For more information about where you can drop off your waste equipment for recycling, please contact your local city office, your household waste disposal service or the shop where you purchased the product. End-user terms and conditions HP 10B II Calculator Warranty period: 12 months 1. HP warrants to you, the end-user customer, that HP hardware, accessories and supplies will be free from defects in materials and workmanship after the date of purchase, for the period specified above. If HP receives notice of such defects during the warranty period, HP will, at its option, either repair or replace products which prove to be defective. Replacement products may be either new or like-new. 2. HP warrants to you that HP software will not fail to execute its programming instructions after the date of purchase, for the period specified above, due to defects in material and workmanship when properly installed and used. If HP receives notice of such defects 126 A: Assistance, Batteries, and Service during the warranty period, HP will replace software media which does not execute its programming instructions due to such defects. 3. HP does not warrant that the operation of HP products will be uninterrupted or error free. If HP is unable, within a reasonable time, to repair or replace any product to a condition as warranted, you will be entitled to a refund of the purchase price upon prompt return of the product. 4. HP products may contain remanufactured parts equivalent to new in performance or may have been subject to incidental use. 5. Warranty does not apply to defects resulting from (a) improper or inadequate maintenance or calibration, (b) software, interfacing, parts or supplies not supplied by HP, (c) unauthorized modification or misuse, (d) operation outside of the published environmental specifications for the product, or (e) improper site preparation or maintenance. 6. Hewlett-Packard makes no other express warranty or condition whether written or oral. To the extent allowed by local law, any implied warranty or condition of merchantability, satisfactory quality, or fitness for a particular purpose is limited to the duration of the express warranty set forth above. Some countries, states or provinces do not allow limitations on the duration of an implied warranty, so the above limitation or exclusion might not apply to you. This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you might also have other rights that vary from country to country, state to state, or province to province. 7. To the extent allowed by local law, the remedies in this warranty statement are your sole and exclusive remedies. Except as indicated above, in no event will Hewlett-Packard or its suppliers be liable for loss of data or for direct, special, incidental, consequential (including lost profit or data), or other damage, whether based in contract, tort, or otherwise. Some countries, States or provinces do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you. 8. For consumer transactions in Australia and New Zealand: the warranty terms contained in this statement, except to the extent lawfully permitted, do not exclude, restrict or modify and are in addition to the mandatory statutory rights applicable to the sale of this product to you. A: Assistance, Batteries, and Service 127 10B.book Page 128 Wednesday, June 21, 2000 5:19 PM appendix_B.fm Page 129 Thursday, June 22, 2000 12:33 PM B More About Calculations IRR/YR Calculations 7KHFDOFXODWRUGHWHUPLQHV,55<5IRUDVHWRIFDVKIORZVXVLQJ PDWKHPDWLFDOIRUPXODVWKDWVHDUFKIRUWKHDQVZHU7KHSURFHVV ILQGVDVROXWLRQE\HVWLPDWLQJDQDQVZHUDQGWKHQXVLQJWKDW HVWLPDWHWRGRDQRWKHUFDOFXODWLRQ7KLVLVFDOOHGDQLWHUDWLYH SURFHVV ,QPRVWFDVHVWKHFDOFXODWRUILQGVWKHGHVLUHGDQVZHUVLQFHWKHUH LVXVXDOO\RQO\RQHVROXWLRQWRWKHFDOFXODWLRQ+RZHYHU FDOFXODWLQJ,55<5IRUFHUWDLQVHWVRIFDVKIORZVLVPRUHFRPSOH[ 7KHUHPD\EHPRUHWKDQRQHRUQRPDWKHPDWLFDOVROXWLRQWR WKHSUREOHP,QWKHVHFDVHVWKHFDOFXODWRUGLVSOD\VDPHVVDJHWR KHOS\RXLQWHUSUHWZKDWKDVKDSSHQHG Possible Outcomes of Calculating IRR/YR 7KHVHDUHWKHSRVVLEOHRXWFRPHVRIDQ,55<5FDOFXODWLRQ n Case 1.7KHFDOFXODWRUGLVSOD\VDSRVLWLYHDQVZHU7KLVLVWKHRQO\ SRVLWLYHDQVZHU+RZHYHURQHRUPRUHQHJDWLYHDQVZHUVPD\H[LVW n Case 2.7KHFDOFXODWRUILQGVDQHJDWLYHDQVZHUEXWDVLQJOHSRVLWLYH DQVZHUDOVRH[LVWV,WGLVSOD\VPos 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2QHZD\WRREWDLQDJRRGJXHVVIRU,55<5LVWRFDOFXODWHWKH139IRU YDULRXVLQWHUHVWUDWHV6LQFH,55<5LVWKHLQWHUHVWUDWHDWZKLFK139 HTXDOV]HURWKHEHVWHVWLPDWHRI,55<5LVWKHLQWHUHVWUDWHWKDW\LHOGV WKHYDOXHIRU139FORVHVWWR]HUR 130 B: More About Calculations .fm Page 131 Thursday, June 22, 2000 12:33 PM Effect of Using Σ– to Correct Data 7KH+3%,,VWRUHVWKHVWDWLVWLFDOQXPEHUVLQDQ´DFFXPXODWHGµIDVKLRQ ,WGRHVQ·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ange of Numbers 7KHODUJHVWSRVLWLYHDQGQHJDWLYHQXPEHUVDYDLODEOHRQWKHFDOFXODWRUDUH ïWKHVPDOOHVWSRVLWLYHDQGQHJDWLYHQXPEHUV DYDLODEOHDUHï²8QGHUIORZEULHIO\GLSOD\VUFLODQGWKHQ GLVSOD\V]HUR5HIHUWRWKHPHVVDJHVOFLODQGUFLOLQ´0HVVDJHVµ IROORZLQJWKLVDSSHQGL[ B: More About Calculations 131 .fm Page 132 Thursday, June 22, 2000 12:33 PM Equations Margin and Markup Calculations 35& – &267 0$5 = × 35& 35& – &267 × 08 = &267 Time Value of Money (TVM) 3D\PHQW0RGH)DFWRU6 IRU(QGPRGHIRU%HJLQPRGH I/YR L = P/YR L – L × S 0 = PV + + --------------- × PMT × ------------------------------------- L ------- –N L – N + FV × 1 + -------- Amortization Σ,17 DFFXPXODWHGLQWHUHVW Σ351 DFFXPXODWHGSULQFLSDO L SHULRGLFLQWHUHVWUDWH %$/LVLQLWLDOO\39URXQGHGWRWKHFXUUHQWGLVSOD\VHWWLQJ 307LVLQLWLDOO\307URXQGHGWRWKHFXUUHQWGLVSOD\VHWWLQJ , ⁄ <5 i = ----------------------------3 ⁄ <5 × 132 B: More About Calculations appendix_B.fm Page 133 Thursday, June 22, 2000 12:33 PM )RUHDFKSD\PHQWDPRUWL]HG ,17 %$/ïL,17 LVURXQGHGWRWKHFXUUHQWGLVSOD\VHWWLQJ ,17· IRUSHULRGLQ%HJLQPRGH ,17 ,17 ZLWKVLJQRI307 351 307,17 %$/QHZ %$/ROG351 Σ,17QHZ Σ,17ROG,17 Σ351QHZ Σ351ROG351 Interest Rate Conversions 120 P ⁄ YR – × ()) = 1 + ----------------------------- × 3 ⁄ <5 B: More About Calculations 133 .fm Page 134 Thursday, June 22, 2000 12:33 PM Cash-Flow Calculations L M &)M SHULRGLFLQWHUHVWUDWH WKHJURXSQXPEHURIWKHFDVKIORZ DPRXQWRIWKHFDVKIORZIRUJURXSM QM QXPEHURIWLPHVWKHFDVKIORZRFFXUVIRUJURXSM N WKHJURXSQXPEHURIWKHODVWJURXSRIFDVKIORZV 1M ∑ n l WRWDOQXPEHURIFDVKIORZVSULRUWRJURXSM 1≤l<j L j 1 – 1 + ------ L- –nj NPV = CF 0 + ∑ CF j × ------------------------------------- × 1 + ------L -------j=1 –n k :KHQ139 WKHVROXWLRQIRULLVWKHSHULRGLFLQWHUQDOUDWHRI UHWXUQ 134 B: More About Calculations .fm Page 135 Thursday, June 22, 2000 12:33 PM Statistics ∑ [\ ∑[ ∑y [ = ------- y = ------- [ Z = ---------Q Q ∑\ 2 Sx = (∑ [) ∑ [ – -------------Q ------------------------------Q– 2 Sy = (∑ y) ∑ y – -------------Q 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