The Legal English Workbook
by
Rupert Haigh
CC LAKIMIESLIITON KUSTANNUS
© 2010 Helsingin Kamari Oy/Helsinki Region Chamber of Commerce and Rupert Haigh
ISBN 978-952-246-051-6
Cover and Layout Design: Ea Söderberg
Layout: NotePad Ay, www.notepad.fi
Print: Edita Prima Oy, Helsinki 2010
Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1 European Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.2 Source text & exercises: Unfair Commercial Practices
Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.2.1 Prepositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.2.2 Terminology choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.2.3 Synonyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.2.4 True or false? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.2.5 Multiple choice comprehension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.2.6 Rewriting exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.2.7 Drafting exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2 Tax Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
2.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.2 Tax law quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.3 Source text & exercises: Section 865 of the US Internal
Revenue Code (IRC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.3.1 Prepositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.3.2 Terminology choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.3.3 Antonyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.3.4 Written comprehension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.4 Source text & exercises: Directive 2006/69/EC
(Amendment to VAT Directive) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.4.1 Nouns, verbs, adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.4.2 Terminology choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.4.3 True or false? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.4.4 Rewriting exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3 Real Estate Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47
3.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3.2 Terminology counterparts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3.3 Source text & exercises: deed of partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.3.1 Here-, there- & where- words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.3.2 Terminology equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.4 Commercial property terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
5
Contents
3.5 Source text & exercises: lease excerpt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.5.1 Terminology choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
3.5.2 True or false? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
3.5.3 Multiple choice comprehension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
3.6 Correspondence exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
3.6.1 Terminology choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3.6.2 Written comprehension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.7 Classroom exercises: lease negotiation & drafting . . . . . . . . . . 63
4 Contract Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Common contractual terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Latin terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Source text & exercises: contract clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
4.4.1 Word choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
4.4.2 Clause definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
4.4.3 True or false? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
4.5 Source text & exercises: Davis Contractors v Fareham UDC
(case study) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
4.5.1 Gap-filling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
4.5.2 Multiple choice comprehension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
4.6 Rewriting exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
4.7 Classroom exercises: contract negotiation & drafting . . . . . . 79
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
5 Intellectual Property Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
5.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
5.2 Source text & exercises: BT v One in a Million (case study) . . 83
5.2.1 Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
5.2.2 Synonyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
5.2.3 Multiple choice comprehension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
5.3 Email-writing exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
5.4 Source text & exercises: patent licence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
5.4.1 Word alteration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
5.4.2 Antonyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
5.5 Rewriting exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
5.6 Source text & exercises: Lego v Mega Brands (case study) . . 95
5.6.1 Terminology choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
5.6.2 Multiple choice comprehension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
5.7 Classroom exercises: client interviews & emails . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
6 6 Insolvency & Bankruptcy Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
6.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
6.2 Source text & exercises: Chapter 11 of the US Bankruptcy
Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
6.2.1 Prepositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
6.2.2 Terminology choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
6.2.3 Synonyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
6.2.4 True or false? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
6.3 Rewriting exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
6.4 Source text & exercises: the Enterprise Act 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . 110
6.4.1 Terminology choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
6.4.2 Antonyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
6.4.3 Multiple choice comprehension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
6.4.4 Drafting exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
7 Employment Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
7.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
7.2 Employment terminology quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
7.3 Source text & exercises: Dansie v Commissioner of Police
for the Metropolis (case study) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
7.3.1 Terminology choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
7.3.2 Writing exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
7.4 Source text & exercises: lawyer’s letter re. constructive
dismissal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
7.4.1 Prepositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
7.4.2 Written comprehension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
7.5 Source text & exercises: employment contract . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
7.5.1 Word-matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
7.5.2 Multiple choice comprehension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
7.5.3 Rewriting exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
7.6 Classroom exercises: case analysis & drafting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
8 Corporate Acquisitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
8.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
8.2 Source text & exercises: share purchase agreement . . . . . . . 142
8.2.1 Word-matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
8.2.2 True or false? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
8.2.3 Memorandum-drafting exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
8.3 Source text & exercises: telephone negotiation transcript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
8.3.1 Multiple choice comprehension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
8.3.2 Colloquial expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
8.3.3 Word choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
7
Contents
8.4 Vocabulary: distinguishing meaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
8.5 Word forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
9 Criminal Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
9.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
9.2 Source text & exercises: criminal procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
9.2.1 Criminal law terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
9.2.2 True or false? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
9.3 Problem words and phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
9.4 Source text & exercises: client interview transcript . . . . . . . 164
9.4.1 Multiple choice comprehension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
9.4.2 Colloquial into formal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
9.5 Source text & exercises: Harding v VOSA (case study) . . . . . . 167
9.5.1 Terminology choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
9.5.2 Written comprehension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
9.6 Classroom exercise: moot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
10 Environmental Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
10.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
10.2 Source text & exercises: Danish Bottle case (case study) . . 176
10.2.1 Anagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
10.2.2 Verb & noun collocations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
10.2.3 Articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
10.2.4 Written comprehension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
10.3 Source text & exercises: 1980 Drinking Water Directive . . . . 182
10.3.1 Word adaptation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
10.3.2 Negatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
10.3.3 Word-matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
10.3.4 True or false? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
10.3.5 Rewriting exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
10.4 Classroom exercises: presentations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Legal Writing Troubleshooting Guide: A to Z . . . . . . . . . 202
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
8 Prepositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Negatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Hyphenation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Commas (,) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Capitalisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Uncountable nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Collective nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Past tenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
In accordance with / according to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
The use of ‘also’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Fewer or less? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Can or may? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Specially or especially? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Who, whom, which or that? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Must and shall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
When to use shall, when to use should . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Liability & obligation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Collocations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Omission of the subject of a sentence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
The problem of English idioms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Easily confused words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Cutting unnecessary words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Ambiguity: how to avoid it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Glossary of Legal Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Glossary of Foreign Terms Used in Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Glossary of Here-, There- and Where- Words . . . . . . . . 236
Appendix 1: Briefs for Contract Negotiation
Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Appendix 2: Briefs for Lease Negotiation
Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
About the Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
9
Introduction
Overview
The Legal English Workbook is a self-study and training resource. It is
intended specifically for non-native English speaking legal professionals
and law students who wish to test and improve their skills and
knowledge in relation to the terminology and language used in the most
internationally relevant areas of law. It is also a useful resource for legal
English trainers, and contains several exercises designed specifically for
classroom use.
The style of exercise used in the Workbook largely reflects that used in the
reading elements of the tests used for Cambridge ESOL’s International
Legal English Certificate, which is the world’s only fully accredited
legal English qualification. The Workbook therefore represents a useful
preparatory text for this qualification.
Content: exercises
The Workbook is divided into ten sections by reference to legal topic.
Each section begins with a brief overview of the legal topic on which the
exercises are based. It also contains one or more excerpts from source
texts used in that area of law, together with exercises based on the text.
These exercises range from multiple choice terminology and grammar
exercises to comprehension and redrafting exercises.
The section headings are as follows:
1. European Law
2. Tax Law
3. Real Estate Law
4. Contract Law
5. Intellectual Property Law
6. Insolvency and Bankruptcy Law
7. Employment Law
8. Corporate Acquisitions
9. Criminal Law
10.Environmental Law
11
Introduction
Content: legal writing troubleshooting A to Z
The book contains an extensive troubleshooting A to Z. This contains
notes on various areas of legal writing in which mistakes are often made
and which are relevant to the exercises contained in the book. Examples
of typical mistakes are given together with comprehensive advice on how
to avoid them.
Classroom exercises
In addition to the self-study exercises contained in the book, there are
also six classroom exercises designed for use by legal English trainers
when teaching lawyers or other legal professionals. These involve the
exercise of pervasive legal skills including advocacy, negotiation, making
presentations, interviewing, and drafting.
Since the majority of these are oral exercises, they do not form part of the
marking scheme and no answers are provided in respect of them.
Legal basis
The source texts used in the Workbook are drawn from agreements, laws,
treaties, case summaries and other documents used in various different
countries and legal systems. However, unless otherwise stated, the legal
overviews at the beginning of each section are based on English law.
These are provided for general information only and are not intended to
be relied upon for legal purposes.
Marking scheme & answer key
The Workbook contains a marking scheme. Each section is worth 100
marks. Since there are ten sections, the total number of marks available
is 1000. The correct answers are contained in the Answer Key towards
the back of the book. Therefore, after completing a section of the book, or
an individual exercise, your score can be calculated by comparing your
answers with those given in the Answer Key.
Most of the exercises are in multiple choice, matching or gap-fill format,
and can therefore be completed fairly swiftly to obtain an overall score.
However, the Workbook also contains more extensive written exercises.
Model answers are provided in respect of these, but the input of a trainer
may also be useful in checking and providing feedback.
12 Score assessment
Here is some guidance on overall score grading for the Workbook.
• Over 900 marks: an excellent performance, indicating a nearnative level of legal English usage.
• 700–900 marks: a very good performance, indicating a high level of
legal English usage, with some scope for further improvement.
• 500–699 marks: a fairly competent performance, indicating
an adequate level of legal English usage, with clear scope for
improvement.
• 300–499 marks: An average performance, indicating some grasp of
legal English usage but with very clear scope for improvement.
• Fewer than 300 marks: a poor performance, indicating a low level
of legal English usage. Serious remedial tuition required.
Glossaries
The book contains three glossaries.
The first is a glossary of legal terminology which explains the meaning
of many of the key terms used in the book which may not be immediately
familiar to the reader.
The second is a glossary of foreign terms used in law. This mainly covers
short Latin phrases, such as inter alia, in lieu and per se, which remain in
current use in legal English.
The third is a glossary of here-, there- and where- words (such as hereby,
thereof and whereat), which are occasionally found in legal documents.
Further assistance
Please do not hesitate to contact the author, Rupert Haigh, by email
(rupert.haigh@forum-legal.com) if you require further assistance or
information. You may also wish to visit the author’s online Legal English
Store at www.legalenglishstore.com for further legal English products.
The author’s textbook, Legal English (Cavendish-Routledge, 2nd edition,
2009) is a useful reference resource which may be helpful when using this
book for study purposes.
13