Labour Cost Index (LCI)
of Spain
Quality Report
Labour Market Statistics Directorate
National Statistical Institute of Spain
August 2012
(I) Quality report on Labour Cost Index (LCI)
1. Introduction
2. Evidence of relevance to user needs
3. Evidence of accuracy
3.1. Revision history
3.2. Coverage
3.3. Frequency
3.4. Estimation
3.5. Hours worked
4. Timeliness and punctuality
5. Accessibility and clarity
6. Comparability
7. Coherence
8. Completeness
Annex:
1. QLCS sampling errors
2. QLCS questionnaire
2
1 Introduction
1.1 Source of the data: The Spanish Quarterly Labour Cost Survey (QLCS)
All the necessary information to elaborate the Labour Cost Index (LCI) is provided
by the Quarterly Labour Cost Survey (QLCS) except for section O, Public Administration, where the QLCS should be completed with administrative information.
The QLCS is a short-term statistic whose main objective is to know the evolution
of the average labour cost per employee and per hour worked. The methodology
of the survey and the way of calculating the LCI have not changed. A brief description could be consulted in the first quality report for the LCI (August 2004).
The sample of the survey has been increased in approximately 8000 local units
since the year 2008 as a consequence of the implementation process of the new
classification NACE Rev.2.
The QLCS covers all employees registered under the Social Security General
Scheme, but career civil servants in Central Government, armed forces personnel
and justice and Parliament officials come under the State Employee Pension
Scheme and, therefore they are out of the scope of the QLCS. Administrative files
named DARETRI (‘datos de retribuciones’ – compensation data) system are used
to obtain the labour costs of these public employees (see item 3).
2 Evidence of relevance to users needs
The main users could be classified in the following groups:
-
International Organisations: European Union Institutions, OECD, International
Monetary Fund, International Labour Organisation, etc.
-
Public Organisms: different Ministries such as the Ministry of Economy, the
Ministry of Employment and Social Security, etc.; the National Statistical Institute itself for several of its units, such as National Accounts; the Bank of Spain;
Regional Institutions, etc.
-
Social Institutions such as trade unions, employers’ organisations, political parties,...
-
Research Centres and Universities
-
The media
No survey has been carried out among users to know their needs of information
and whether they are satisfied or not with the published results. This may be accounted for by the lack of contact with most users since the remittance of results
is often impersonal, and by the fact that the information is looked for in INTERNET.
It is known only the opinion of users who have received information on request or
who have asked for methodological details.
In general, these users are satisfied. Nevertheless they consider that the survey
should have a bigger sample size to offer more detailed breakdown of some variables (in particular of regions, branch of activity and cost components).
3
3 Evidence of accuracy
3.1 Revision history
The Regulation Nº 1216/2003 says that this point has to include "a table showing the revisions in the published year - on - year growth rates for total labour
costs using the unadjusted series, for the last 12 quarters".
Reference
q1-09
period
q1-09
1,3
q2-09
Revision history (original data in bold, revisions highlighted), NACE section B
q2-09
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11 q2-11 q3-11 q4-11
1,4
1,1
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
11,0
10,0
10,0
10,0
10,0
10,0
10,0
10,0
10,0
10,0
10,0
5,1
4,5
4,5
4,5
4,5
4,5
4,5
4,5
4,5
4,5
1,6
1,6
1,6
1,6
1,6
1,6
1,6
1,6
1,6
1,7
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
6,1
6,1
6,1
6,1
6,1
6,1
6,1
5,0
5,0
5,0
5,0
5,0
5,0
22,3
22,1
22,1
22,1
22,1
9,4
9,4
9,4
9,4
2,1
2,1
2,1
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11
q2-11
q3-11
1,1
q4-11
Reference
q1-09
period
q1-09
4,5
q2-09
Revision history (original data in bold, revisions highlighted), NACE section C
q2-09
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11 q2-11 q3-11 q4-11
4,7
4,6
4,6
4,6
4,6
4,6
4,6
4,6
4,6
4,6
4,6
10,6
10,7
10,7
10,7
10,7
10,7
10,7
10,7
10,7
10,7
10,7
4,5
4,3
4,3
4,3
4,3
4,3
4,3
4,3
4,3
4,3
5,1
5,1
5,1
5,1
5,1
5,1
5,1
5,1
5,1
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,8
-0,3
-0,2
-0,2
-0,2
-0,2
-0,2
-0,2
-1,2
-1,2
-1,2
-1,2
-1,2
-1,2
1,7
1,6
1,6
1,6
1,6
-1,9
-2,0
-2,0
-2,0
1,1
1,1
1,1
4,1
4,1
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11
q2-11
q3-11
q4-11
2,3
Reference
q1-09
period
q1-09
q2-09
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11
q2-11
q3-11
q4-11
1,1
-1,6
2,9
Revision history (original data in bold, revisions highlighted), NACE section D
q2-09
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11 q2-11 q3-11 q4-11
2,8
2,9
2,9
2,9
2,9
2,9
2,9
2,9
2,9
2,9
3,1
3,1
3,1
3,1
3,1
3,1
3,1
3,1
3,1
3,1
2,9
3,1
11,3
11,3
11,3
11,3
11,3
11,3
11,3
11,3
11,3
11,3
2,6
2,6
2,6
2,6
2,6
2,6
2,6
2,6
2,6
3,2
3,2
3,2
3,2
3,2
3,2
3,2
3,2
6,3
6,3
6,3
6,3
6,3
6,3
6,3
-5,6
-5,7
-5,7
-5,7
-5,7
-5,7
2,8
2,8
2,8
2,8
2,8
2,9
2,9
2,9
2,9
-2,9
-2,9
-2,9
2,8
2,9
3,5
4
Reference
q1-09
period
q1-09
-0,4
q2-09
Revision history (original data in bold, revisions highlighted), NACE section E
q2-09
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11 q2-11 q3-11 q4-11
-0,7
-0,5
-0,7
-0,7
-0,7
-0,7
-0,7
-0,7
-0,7
-0,7
-0,7
7,3
7,4
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,2
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
5,8
5,8
5,8
5,8
5,8
5,8
5,8
5,8
5,8
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,5
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,8
2,8
2,8
2,8
2,8
1,9
1,8
1,8
5,4
5,4
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11
q2-11
q3-11
q4-11
1,1
Reference
q1-09
period
q1-09
5,2
q2-09
Revision history (original data in bold, revisions highlighted), NACE section F
q2-09
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11 q2-11 q3-11 q4-11
5,1
5,0
5,0
5,0
5,0
5,0
5,0
5,0
5,0
5,0
5,0
11,6
11,4
11,3
11,3
11,3
11,3
11,3
11,3
11,3
11,3
11,3
3,4
3,4
3,4
3,4
3,4
3,4
3,4
3,4
3,4
3,4
6,0
6,0
6,0
6,0
6,0
6,0
6,0
6,0
6,0
0,9
0,8
0,8
0,8
0,8
0,8
0,8
0,8
-0,4
-0,4
-0,4
-0,4
-0,4
-0,4
-0,4
-1,9
-1,9
-1,9
-1,9
-1,9
-1,9
1,5
1,4
1,4
1,4
1,4
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,8
3,2
3,2
3,2
5,4
5,4
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11
q2-11
q3-11
q4-11
4,3
Reference
q1-09
period
q1-09
q2-09
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11
q2-11
q3-11
q4-11
7,2
Revision history (original data in bold, revisions highlighted), NACE section G
q2-09
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11 q2-11 q3-11 q4-11
7,3
8,8
8,8
8,8
8,8
8,8
8,8
8,8
8,8
8,8
8,8
10,6
10,3
10,4
10,4
10,4
10,4
10,4
10,4
10,4
10,4
10,4
6,4
6,3
6,3
6,3
6,3
6,3
6,3
6,3
6,3
6,3
7,8
7,8
7,8
7,8
7,8
7,8
7,8
7,8
7,8
3,2
2,9
2,9
2,9
2,9
2,9
2,9
2,9
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
-4,4
-4,3
-4,3
-4,3
-4,3
-4,3
-0,4
-0,4
-0,4
-0,4
-0,4
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,6
2,6
2,6
2,6
8,8
8,3
4,5
5
Reference
q1-09
period
q1-09
1,1
q2-09
Revision history (original data in bold, revisions highlighted), NACE section H
q2-09
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11 q2-11 q3-11 q4-11
1,3
1,3
1,3
1,3
1,3
1,3
1,3
1,3
1,3
1,3
1,3
7,8
8,2
8,2
8,2
8,2
8,2
8,2
8,2
8,2
8,2
8,2
1,6
1,7
1,7
1,7
1,7
1,7
1,7
1,7
1,7
1,7
5,9
5,9
5,9
5,9
5,9
5,9
5,9
5,9
5,9
0,5
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,7
-2,4
-2,3
-2,3
-2,3
-2,3
-2,3
-2,3
-1,1
-1,1
-1,1
-1,1
-1,1
-1,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,9
2,9
2,9
1,4
1,4
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11
q2-11
q3-11
q4-11
1,4
Reference
q1-09
period
q1-09
2,4
q2-09
Revision history (original data in bold, revisions highlighted), NACE section I
q2-09
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11 q2-11 q3-11 q4-11
2,5
2,4
2,4
2,4
2,4
2,4
2,4
2,4
2,4
2,4
4,1
3,9
3,9
3,9
3,9
3,9
3,9
3,9
3,9
3,9
3,9
0,0
-0,1
-0,1
-0,1
-0,1
-0,1
-0,1
-0,1
-0,1
-0,1
-0,5
-0,5
-0,5
-0,5
-0,5
-0,5
-0,5
-0,5
-0,5
1,9
1,9
1,9
1,9
1,9
1,9
1,9
1,9
1,9
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,9
1,9
1,9
1,9
1,9
1,9
4,3
4,3
4,3
4,3
4,3
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
3,4
3,3
3,3
5,4
5,4
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11
q2-11
q3-11
q4-11
4,6
Reference
q1-09
period
q1-09
q2-09
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11
q2-11
q3-11
q4-11
2,4
3,8
Revision history (original data in bold, revisions highlighted), NACE section J
q2-09
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11 q2-11 q3-11 q4-11
3,9
3,6
3,6
3,6
3,6
3,6
3,6
3,6
3,6
3,6
3,6
7,4
6,8
6,8
6,8
6,8
6,8
6,8
6,8
6,8
6,8
6,8
2,5
2,6
2,6
2,6
2,6
2,6
2,6
2,6
2,6
2,6
3,5
3,8
3,8
3,8
3,8
3,8
3,8
3,8
3,8
1,6
1,6
1,6
1,6
1,6
1,6
1,6
1,6
-1,5
-1,3
-1,3
-1,3
-1,3
-1,3
-1,3
-1,9
-1,9
-1,9
-1,9
-1,9
-1,9
3,4
3,4
3,4
3,4
3,4
-1,1
-1,1
-1,1
-1,1
0,8
0,8
0,8
3,5
3,5
0,0
6
Reference
q1-09
period
q1-09
-3,4
q2-09
Revision history (original data in bold, revisions highlighted), NACE section K
q2-09
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11 q2-11 q3-11 q4-11
-3,4
-3,4
-3,4
-3,4
-3,4
-3,4
-3,4
-3,4
-3,4
-3,4
-3,4
5,9
5,9
5,9
5,9
5,9
5,9
5,9
5,9
5,9
5,9
5,9
6,2
6,2
6,2
6,2
6,2
6,2
6,2
6,2
6,2
6,2
3,5
3,5
3,5
3,5
3,5
3,5
3,5
3,5
3,5
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,8
2,4
2,4
2,4
2,4
2,4
2,4
2,4
1,7
1,3
1,3
1,3
1,3
1,3
4,6
4,6
4,6
4,6
4,6
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
8,5
8,5
8,5
7,7
7,7
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11
q2-11
q3-11
q4-11
1,7
Reference
q1-09
period
q1-09
2,5
q2-09
Revision history (original data in bold, revisions highlighted), NACE section L
q2-09
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11 q2-11 q3-11 q4-11
0,5
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,7
3,5
3,2
3,2
3,2
3,2
3,2
3,2
3,2
3,2
3,2
3,2
-6,1
-6,0
-6,0
-6,0
-6,0
-6,0
-6,0
-6,0
-6,0
-6,0
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,8
4,1
4,1
4,1
4,1
4,1
4,1
4,1
4,1
5,7
5,7
5,7
5,7
5,7
5,7
5,7
8,5
8,5
8,5
8,5
8,5
8,5
6,2
5,9
5,9
5,9
5,9
0,1
-0,1
-0,1
-0,1
-2,2
-2,4
-2,4
4,0
4,0
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11
q2-11
q3-11
q4-11
4,0
Reference
q1-09
period
q1-09
q2-09
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11
q2-11
q3-11
q4-11
0,7
5,0
Revision history (original data in bold, revisions highlighted), NACE section M
q2-09
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11 q2-11 q3-11 q4-11
2,6
2,7
2,8
2,8
2,8
2,8
2,8
2,8
2,8
2,8
2,8
9,8
10,0
10,0
10,0
10,0
10,0
10,0
10,0
10,0
10,0
10,0
6,2
6,1
6,1
6,1
6,1
6,1
6,1
6,1
6,1
6,1
4,0
4,0
4,0
4,0
4,0
4,0
4,0
4,0
4,0
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
-1,2
-1,2
-1,2
-1,2
-1,2
-1,2
-1,2
-0,9
-0,9
-0,9
-0,9
-0,9
-0,9
1,3
1,3
1,3
1,3
1,3
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
2,2
2,3
2,3
0,0
0,0
1,9
7
Reference
q1-09
period
q1-09
-0,1
q2-09
Revision history (original data in bold, revisions highlighted), NACE section N
q2-09
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11 q2-11 q3-11 q4-11
-0,4
-0,7
-0,7
-0,7
-0,7
-0,7
-0,7
-0,7
-0,7
-0,7
6,4
6,0
6,0
6,0
6,0
6,0
6,0
6,0
6,0
6,0
6,0
0,2
-0,1
-0,1
-0,1
-0,1
-0,1
-0,1
-0,1
-0,1
-0,1
2,7
2,7
2,7
2,7
2,7
2,7
2,7
2,7
2,7
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
-0,6
-1,1
-1,1
-1,1
-1,1
-1,1
-1,1
-0,5
-0,5
-0,5
-0,5
-0,5
-0,5
0,9
0,9
0,9
0,9
0,9
1,3
1,3
1,3
1,3
1,4
1,5
1,5
6,3
6,3
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11
q2-11
q3-11
q4-11
2,1
Reference
q1-09
period
q1-09
-0,1
q2-09
Revision history (original data in bold, revisions highlighted), NACE section O
q2-09
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11 q2-11 q3-11 q4-11
-0,2
-0,4
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
7,8
7,6
8,3
8,3
8,3
8,3
8,3
8,3
8,3
8,3
8,3
0,1
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
5,6
5,6
5,6
5,6
5,6
5,6
5,6
5,6
5,6
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
-0,2
-0,2
-0,2
-0,2
-0,2
-0,2
-0,2
-1,8
-1,8
-1,8
-1,8
-1,8
-1,8
-1,4
-1,4
-1,4
-1,4
-1,4
-3,5
-3,5
-3,5
-3,5
-2,7
-2,7
-2,7
3,5
3,5
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11
q2-11
q3-11
q4-11
0,4
Reference
q1-09
period
q1-09
q2-09
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11
q2-11
q3-11
q4-11
-0,7
0,6
Revision history (original data in bold, revisions highlighted), NACE section P
q2-09
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11 q2-11 q3-11 q4-11
0,5
-0,3
-0,3
-0,3
-0,3
-0,3
-0,3
-0,3
-0,3
-0,3
-0,3
15,0
13,4
13,4
13,4
13,4
13,4
13,4
13,4
13,4
13,4
13,4
11,7
11,8
11,8
11,8
11,8
11,8
11,8
11,8
11,8
11,8
4,6
4,6
4,6
4,6
4,6
4,6
4,6
4,6
4,6
2,2
2,2
2,2
2,2
2,2
2,2
2,2
2,2
-0,5
-0,6
-0,6
-0,6
-0,6
-0,6
-0,6
-10,1
-10,1
-10,1
-10,1
-10,1
-10,1
-4,0
-3,8
-3,8
-3,8
-3,8
-4,1
-4,1
-4,1
-4,1
-1,9
-2,1
-2,1
3,6
4,0
1,1
8
Reference
q1-09
period
q1-09
1,8
q2-09
Revision history (original data in bold, revisions highlighted), NACE section Q
q2-09
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11 q2-11 q3-11 q4-11
1,6
1,6
1,6
1,6
1,6
1,6
1,6
1,6
1,6
1,6
1,6
9,1
8,6
8,6
8,6
8,6
8,6
8,6
8,6
8,6
8,6
8,6
4,3
4,1
4,1
4,1
4,1
4,1
4,1
4,1
4,1
4,1
4,1
4,1
4,1
4,1
4,1
4,1
4,1
4,1
4,1
2,4
2,3
2,3
2,3
2,3
2,3
2,3
2,3
1,1
1,1
1,1
1,1
1,1
1,1
1,1
-2,8
-2,7
-2,7
-2,7
-2,7
-2,7
-2,1
-2,1
-2,1
-2,1
-2,1
-3,1
-3,0
-3,0
-3,0
-2,1
-2,1
-2,1
1,6
1,6
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11
q2-11
q3-11
q4-11
1,3
Reference
q1-09
period
q1-09
1,8
q2-09
Revision history (original data in bold, revisions highlighted), NACE section R
q2-09
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11 q2-11 q3-11 q4-11
1,7
1,9
1,9
1,9
1,9
1,9
1,9
1,9
1,9
1,9
1,9
7,5
6,8
6,8
6,8
6,8
6,8
6,8
6,8
6,8
6,8
6,8
1,7
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
0,9
0,9
0,9
0,9
0,9
0,9
0,9
0,9
0,9
-2,5
-2,5
-2,5
-2,5
-2,5
-2,5
-2,5
-2,5
-1,7
-1,9
-1,9
-1,9
-1,9
-1,9
-1,9
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
-2,8
-2,8
-2,8
-2,8
-2,8
3,3
3,3
3,3
3,3
1,4
1,4
1,4
6,5
6,5
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11
q2-11
q3-11
q4-11
3,0
Reference
q1-09
period
q1-09
q2-09
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11
q2-11
q3-11
q4-11
0,5
Revision history (original data in bold, revisions highlighted), NACE section S
q2-09
q3-09
q4-09
q1-10
q2-10
q3-10
q4-10
q1-11 q2-11 q3-11 q4-11
0,6
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
5,0
4,7
4,7
4,7
4,7
4,7
4,7
4,7
4,7
4,7
4,7
3,0
2,9
2,9
2,9
2,9
2,9
2,9
2,9
2,9
2,9
4,8
4,8
4,8
4,8
4,8
4,8
4,8
4,8
4,8
4,6
4,5
4,5
4,5
4,5
4,5
4,5
4,5
3,8
3,8
3,8
3,8
3,8
3,8
3,8
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,7
0,7
4,4
4,4
4,4
4,4
4,4
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,8
2,1
2,1
2,1
3,1
3,1
2,7
As a consequence of the introduction of NACE rev.2., the LCI data sent during
the year 2009 have been provisional data because during the four quarters of
this year there was a check of the code of NACE Rev.2 assigned to the sampling units. When the code assigned to a unit changes, this change is made in
back data and the whole series change. At the same time, data from units belonging to section O and from the enlargement of the sample due to the new
classification are being revised for the quarters of 2008 too. This is the reason
of more than one revision in the same data during 2009.
9
Since the first quarter of 2010 the revisions method are being as was previously. The LCI provisional data for a quarter is published (and sent to EUROSTAT) 70 days after the reference period. It is revised and published as final
data with the release of the provisional data of next quarter.
The introduction of revisions has been necessary because the first calculation
of LCI is based on provisional data from the QLCS. The checking, validation
and debugging processes have not finished and those questionnaires with "rare
responses" pending the confirmation from the enterprises are imputed.
80 days after the reference period the QLCS is published and the LCI recalculated with their final data producing the revision of the LCI. This revision is sent
with the provisional data of next quarter. So, there is only one revision for each
quarter (except during 2009).
As it can be observed from the tables not always the revision produce a new
data and most of revisions are lesser than one porcentual point.
3.2 Coverage
The data available from Quarterly National Accounts are the annual average of
the four quarters of 2011 of the number of employees by groups of sections of
NACE rev.2. The breakdown could be showed in the following table:
Quarterly National Accounts of Spain. Base 2008
Employment by industry. Employees
Non-adjusted data. Unit: thousand
FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT JOBS
Average 2011
Agriculture
Industry
Construction
Services
- Trade, transport and accommodation
422,3
2.205,8
1.200,6
11.158,2
3.963,8
- Information and communications
397,4
- Financial and insurance activities
350,4
- Real estate activities
121,0
- Professional activities
1.558,8
- Public Administration, Health and Education
3.666,7
- Artistic, recreational and other services activities
TOTAL
1.100,1
14.986,9
Taking into account the following observations:
-
The LCI does not include activities such agriculture and private households
with employed persons that are included in QNA.
-
The QNA data are full-time equivalent jobs but the number of employees in
the sample is without this adjustment.
The coverage of the employees represented by the sample based on the number of employees according to ESA-95 for year 2011 is in the next table:
10
Economic activities (Sections of NACE Rev.2)
Quarterly
National
Accounts of
Spain. Base 2008
Energy+Industry (B_E)
Employees in
the sample
%
2.205,8
745,2
33,8
Construction (F)
1.200,6
112,8
9,4
Trade, transport and accommodation (G_I)
3.963,8
730,3
18,4
Information and communications (J)
397,4
167,3
42,1
Financial and insurance activities (K)
350,425
230,1
65,7
Real estate activities (L)
120,975
6,5
5,3
Professional activities (M_N)
1558,8
564,8
36,2
Public Administration, Health and Education (O_Q)(1)
3666,7
1.781,9
48,6
Artistic, recreational and other services activities (R_S)
1100,1
88,1
8,0
14.564,6
4.427,0
30,4
Total
(1) Includes the number of employees of section O that are estimated by the administrative register.
It is also compared the number of local units and the number of employees in
the reference population and in the QLCS sample in 2011.
The population is obtained from the General Register of Accounts of Social Security Contributions, taking into account the units classified under the industries covered by the survey (sections B-S).
The table provides:
A comparison of the number of local units in the sample with the number of
the units in the register classified by section of Nace rev.2 (the sampling
rate).
A comparison of the number of employees in the sample with the number
of employees in the register classified by section of Nace rev.2.
Local Units
Section Sample size: n Population size: N
TOTAL
B0
C0
D0
E0
F0
G0
H0
I0
J0
K0
L0
M0
N0
O0
P0
Q0
R0
S0
27320
329
6339
239
719
2656
2070
1332
972
1544
1061
510
2585
2101
685
541
1367
1109
1161
1373565
2356
133239
2046
5412
179728
363789
81961
166305
22946
19130
28278
99500
61941
28547
33304
49767
23462
71854
Employees
Sample Rate (%): Employees in
n/N
the sample: Tn
1,99
13,96
4,76
11,68
13,29
1,48
0,57
1,63
0,58
6,73
5,55
1,80
2,60
3,39
2,40
1,62
2,75
4,73
1,62
3973052
15935
628018
25793
75443
112812
398050
215454
116796
167291
230068
6457
158288
406536
407848
207389
712753
44559
43562
Employees in the
population:
TN
Percentage of
workers (%):
100*Tn/TN
12861474
32626
1825859
39659
128155
1092010
2210782
645405
979838
356360
400737
61907
635269
1097367
1003473
629299
1249583
179675
293470
30,89
48,84
34,40
65,04
58,87
10,33
18,00
33,38
11,92
46,94
57,41
10,43
24,92
37,05
40,64
32,96
57,04
24,80
14,84
11
3.3 Frequency
The units in the sample of the QLCS fill in the whole survey questionnaire once
each quarter. The sample is divided into three sub-sets (S1, S2, S3) so that
each sub-sample is surveyed during one month in the quarter. The following
chart shows the situation:
-------------------- QLCS: SAMPLE SIZE -------------------S=S1+S2+S3
S=S1+S2+S3
27320
S1
9106
January
27320
S2
9106
February
S3
S1
9106
9106
March
April
S=S1+S2+S3
S2
May
S1
July
August
June
27320
S2
9106
9106
S=S1+S2+S3
27320
9106
S3
9106
S3
S1
9106
9106
September
October
S2
S3
9106
November
9106
December
The following box summarises the frequency of collecting and updating the information:
Task
Reference Period
Updating the sample, by replacing Quarter Q
Date
Frequency
Aprox. 20th day of each month
The total sample is updated
once a quarter
the closed units detected in Q-1
Updating sub-sample S1
Updating sub-sample S2
Updating sub-sample S3
M1=1st Month of Aprox. 20th day of M1
Aprox. 20th day of M2
Q
nd
M2=2 Month of Aprox. 20th day of M3
Q
M3=3rd Month of
Q
Sending the questionnaires to the Quarter Q
respondents
Last week of each month
st
Units belonging to S1(sub-sample M1=1 Month of Last week of M1
Q
Last week of M2
S1)
nd
Units belonging to S2(sub-sample M2=2 Month of Last week of M3
Q
S2)
rd
Units belonging to S3(sub-sample M3=3 Month of
Q
S3)
Claiming of the questionnaires, Quarter Q
Collecting, recording and editing
the information
Questionnaires of S1
Questionnaires of S2
Questionnaires of S3
Continuously along the quarter Q
Once a quarter
Once a quarter
Once a quarter
Each unit receives a
questionnaire once a quarter
Once a quarter
Once a quarter
Once a quarter
Each questionnaire is recorded
and validated once a quarter
Once a quarter
M1=1st Month of Since M2 of Q until M2 of Q+1
Once a quarter
Q
Since M3 of Q until M3 of Q+1
M2=2nd Month of Since M1 of Q+1 until M2 of Once a quarter
Q
Q+1
12
M3=3rd Month of
Q
Processing,
results
final
editing
of
the Quarter Q
The grossing-up factors are obtained The whole quarter
and a macro-validation process is is processed (all
elaborated
the data)
Publication of final results
Quarter Q
Since the end of M2 of Q+1
until the immediate days before
publishing
Once a quarter
Second half of Q+1
Once a quarter
The DARETRI system: DARETRI was created by Order PRE/390/2002 of 22 February 2002. Its purpose is to collect pay data on Central Government public-sector
employees. The DARETRI system captures automatically the compensation data
contemplated under articles 11 to 15 of chapter 1 of the State Expenditure
Budget. Therefore, the bodies and units in charge of making up payrolls compile a
file called F-DARETRI to provide data on the personnel within their remit.
By the 5th of every month, Ministry departments and the autonomous bodies must
send the F-DARETRI files compiled by the units in charge of making up the relevant
payrolls to provide data on the preceding month. So there are monthly data for the
employees not covered by the survey.
3.4 Estimation
3.4 .1 Estimation procedure for section O
The QLCS as said above provides full information to elaborate the LCI for sections
B to S, except section O that is partly covered by the survey. It is necessary to
combine information to obtain the LCI for section O:
1. The figures for public employees under the Social Security General Scheme
come from the QLCS as the rest of the sections.
2. To estimate the labour cost and its components for public sector employees
under the State Employee Pension Scheme are used the following sources:
-
The DARETRI file, to obtain total wages and salaries and employee numbers
under the Scheme.
-
The Labour Force Survey, to obtain hours worked per employee in section
O.
-
The Central Government Office of the Comptroller’s figures on Budget execution to obtain the Central Government’s allocations to the State Employee
Pension Scheme and thus estimate imputed social contributions.
-
The rules in force every quarter and staff numbers obtained from the DARETRI dataset to estimate the employers’ actual social contributions.
3. The aggregation of both sets of data as a weighted average of 1+2 using the
number of employees as a weight.
13
3.4.2 Non-response treatment in the QLCS
The LCI is based on a survey whose target population is composed by all the
employees that have worked during the reference period. The information is
collected through local units that inform about their employees. The lack of response could be classified as follows:
-
Partial non-response:
It is not allowed by the collect procedure. All the variables are inter-related
by validation criteria and a system of filters is available to assure the questionnaire’s internal consistency and to prevent the lack of essential data. The
omitted data are requested again to the informant.
-
Total non-response:
There are two cases:
If the questionnaire of the local unit for the same quarter of the previous
year is available, it is imputed the same number of employees, the same
number of hours worked and the cost variables of the previous year (except the payments to employees leaving the enterprise) updated according to the pay rise agreed in the collective agreements (the pay rises are
obtained from the Collective Agreements Statistic elaborated monthly by
the Ministry of Labour and Immigration).
If the questionnaire of the local unit for the same quarter of the previous
year is not available, it is computed the value of each variable per employee obtained from the total of units that have responded in the stratum (set of units with the same number of employees) of the empty unit.
These values are multiplied by the number of employees in the missing
unit and, finally, assigned to it.
For example, to impute the value of total payroll for the non-response
unit, it is calculated the total payroll per employee obtained in the stratum
of that unit and multiplied the resulting figure by the number of employees in the unit.
Evaluation of the impact on the final figures
The evaluation of the imputation impact has been carried out in an approximate
way, calculating the difference between the final estimation of the hourly labour cost (X) and the estimation of the hourly labour cost without imputations
(IX). Both figures are obtained using the final grossing-up factors. To obtain a
more precise evaluation, the grossing-up factors should be recalculated not taking into account the imputed questionnaires.
Both results are compared since Q1-2009 until Q4-2011. For each variable X,
it is obtained the final estimations (X), the estimations excluding the imputed
questionnaires (IX) and the differences between them (X-IX). These differences,
shown in the table below, are very small.
The variables studied are:
Cost= total labour cost (per hour worked)
14
Wage= wages and salaries (per hour worked)
Others= Other costs (per hour worked)
Exbonus= total labour cost excluding bonuses (per hour worked)
Percentage of imputed questionnaires over the total of the sample
TOT
TOT
TOT
11Q4
11Q3
TOT
11Q2
TOT
11Q1
TOT
10Q4
TOT
10Q3
TOT
10Q2
TOT
4,2%
4,7%
4,6%
4,0%
4,3%
4,6%
5,0%
4,5%
4,3%
5,2%
4,7%
4,8%
10Q1
TOT
28092
28053
28056
28015
27596
27563
27547
27508
27714
27680
27660
27634
09Q4
09Q1
09Q2
09Q3
09Q4
10Q1
10Q2
10Q3
10Q4
11Q1
11Q2
11Q3
11Q4
TOT
09Q3
TOT
Number of units
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
09Q2
PERIOD
09Q1
CNAE
n=
% of
sample imputed
size
units
n= sample
size
imputations
Effect of imputations over the estimations (€ per hour)
Estimatios
PERIOD COST
ICOST
Difference
COST-
Estimations
WAGE
IWAGE
ICOST
09Q1
09Q2
09Q3
09Q4
10Q1
10Q2
10Q3
10Q4
11Q1
11Q2
11Q3
11Q4
19,40
20,82
21,62
22,14
20,07
21,31
21,64
22,70
20,28
21,87
22,96
23,49
19,47
20,89
21,82
22,24
20,18
21,45
21,73
22,74
20,36
22,00
23,09
23,56
-0,07
-0,07
-0,20
-0,10
-0,11
-0,14
-0,09
-0,04
-0,08
-0,13
-0,13
-0,07
Difference
WAGE-
Difference
Estimations
OTHERS
IOTHERS
IWAGE
14,07
15,48
15,83
16,67
14,68
15,94
15,91
17,13
14,85
16,32
16,84
17,69
14,12
15,53
15,98
16,74
14,76
16,05
15,98
17,16
14,91
16,42
16,94
17,75
-0,05
-0,05
-0,15
-0,07
-0,08
-0,11
-0,07
-0,03
-0,06
-0,10
-0,10
-0,06
OTHERS-
Estimations
EXBONUS
IEXBONUS
IOTHERS
5,33
5,34
5,79
5,47
5,39
5,37
5,73
5,57
5,43
5,55
6,12
5,80
5,35
5,36
5,84
5,50
5,42
5,40
5,75
5,58
5,45
5,58
6,15
5,81
-0,02
-0,02
-0,05
-0,03
-0,03
-0,03
-0,02
-0,01
-0,02
-0,03
-0,03
-0,01
18,09
18,50
20,26
18,98
18,59
18,74
20,24
19,42
18,69
19,27
21,49
20,13
18,15
18,56
20,42
19,06
18,68
18,84
20,31
19,44
18,73
19,37
21,60
20,19
3.5 Hours worked
Estimation of hours actually worked from the QLCS
Calculations are based on the information directly available from the questionnaire. It is calculated distinguishing by full-time and part-time employees:
(A) Average monthly number of employees
(a) Average monthly normal contractual hours of a employee
(b) Average monthly overtime of a employee
(c) Average monthly number of hours of holiday entitlement
15
Difference
EXBONUSIEXBONUS
-0,06
-0,06
-0,16
-0,08
-0,09
-0,10
-0,07
-0,02
-0,04
-0,10
-0,11
-0,06
(d) Average daily number of contractual plus overtime hours worked by a employee
(e) Average monthly number of days of holidays/vacation per employee,
granted by the employer
(f) Average monthly number of days of official public holidays per employee
(g) Average monthly number of days of sickness and maternity leave per employee
(h) Average monthly number of days of short-time working and labour disputes
per employee
(i) Average monthly number of other days not actually worked per employee
(e.g. special leave for medical examinations, births, marriage, funerals, moving house, following an accident, etc.).
The average monthly number of hours actually worked by employees during a
quarter is defined as:
(B) = (A) × [(a+b+c) – d x( e + f + g + h+i)].
Quality of the hours actually worked
It was agreed in the LCI workshop in November 2008 to include a new item in the
annual quality report containing an analysis of the quality of the “hours worked”.
This analysis consists in a table showing the figures and the year-on-year growth
rates of the total hours worked and the LCI for section C of NACE Rev.2, a graph
of these data and an explanation of the behaviour of this variable over the period
of time showed.
REFERENCE TOTAL
PERIOD
HOURS
WORKED
06Q1
06Q2
06Q3
06Q4
07Q1
07Q2
07Q3
07Q4
08Q1
08Q2
08Q3
08Q4
09Q1
09Q2
09Q3
09Q4
10Q1
10Q2
10Q3
10Q4
11Q1
11Q2
11Q3
11Q4
322032714
309964885
274734718
299502155
323720661
312814933
274179796
301463596
324610232
334800091
276863324
300725425
288450641
274153507
240478056
265376921
267622357
264356163
237814648
255749015
266196175
257176199
223653560
243204328
GROWTH
RATE
3,1
-4,6
-0,3
-0,5
0,5
0,9
-0,2
0,7
0,3
7,0
1,0
-0,2
-11,1
-18,1
-13,1
-11,8
-7,2
-3,6
-1,1
-3,6
-0,5
-2,7
-6,0
-4,9
LCI
82,1
89,5
98,4
98,9
85,8
91,8
103,1
102,8
92,7
93,2
107,9
106,2
96,9
103,2
112,6
111,5
98,7
103,0
111,3
113,3
96,7
104,1
115,8
115,9
GROWTH
RATE
0,5
8,4
3,9
4,5
4,5
2,6
4,8
3,9
8,0
1,5
4,7
3,3
4,5
10,7
4,4
5,0
1,9
-0,2
-1,2
1,6
-2,0
1,1
4,0
2,3
16
Year on year growth rates
15,0
10,0
5,0
%
0,0
-5,0
-10,0
-15,0
3
11
Q
1
11
Q
3
10
Q
1
10
Q
3
09
Q
1
09
Q
3
08
Q
1
08
Q
3
07
Q
1
07
Q
3
06
Q
06
Q
1
-20,0
Reference period
Total hours worked
LCI
The figure shows that both series are almost symmetric in such way that, when
there is an increase of hours worked the growth rate of LCI decreases and vice
versa. Two different periods of time can be distinguished:
- Until the fourth quarter of 2008
The characteristics of the Spanish labour market explain this behaviour of the series. The payments to the employees (wages and salaries) are established mostly
in a monthly base (there are also wages paid by hour, day or week but with less
frequency) so the social security contributions are paid monthly too.
Contracts or collective bargaining agreements set the general working conditions
by category of job in each economic activity: wages and salaries, annual normal
contractual hours, working arrangements, periods of time paid but not worked for
several causes (annual holidays/vacation, public holidays and other hours paid,
including time off for medical examinations, births, weddings, funerals, moving
house, etc), etc.
There is a basic labour law in Spain (called “Estatuto de los trabajadores”) that
sets a minimum for the general working conditions mentioned above. For example, the employees have the entitlement to a month of holiday each whole year
worked, to a 15 days of holiday for wedding, etc. Contracts or collective bargaining agreements only can improve this minimum.
The characteristics described above joined to the absence of unpaid hours not
worked like strikes during the years studied, have as a consequence that more
than 98% of hours not worked are paid hours and therefore the total labour cost
does not change in the same direction that the changes in the total hours actually
worked.
Given a number of employees, whereas the changes on total labour cost depends
mainly on the rise of wages set by the collective bargaining agreements and the
17
composition of the employment, the total hours actually worked depends on the
calendar, that is to say, on the number of working days, Easter effect, holidays
season, etc.
The large increases and decreases of total hours worked in the first and second
quarters of each year are due to the Easter effect. Easter week reduces the number of working days of the quarter when the Easter week falls, and at the same
time, the number of holidays taken by the employees increases in the date near
this week what stress the reduction of hours worked. This can be observed in the
graph above in, 06Q1, 06Q2, 08Q1 and 08Q2. When Easter week falls on different quarters in consecutive years (first or second quarter), the growth rate of total
hours worked in the first quarter compared with the same quarter of previous year
is negative; the opposite occurs in the following quarter. Total labour cost does
not change so much because holidays are paid hours. So, when the denominator
(total hours worked) decreases the LCI increases (06Q2 and 08Q1) and, on the
contrary, when the denominator increases the LCI decreases (06Q1 and 08Q2).
Easter week fell in the same quarter in 2006 and 2007 (second quarter) and
therefore, there is not Easter effect in 2007.
The reduction of total hours worked in 08Q3 and 08Q4 is due to a reduction in
the employment.
-
Since the year 2009
The great reduction of total hours worked during the year 2009 is due to the fall
in the employment in this section as a consequence of the economic crisis. The
second quarter has the lowest rate due to the Easter effect in this year.
The reduction of the employment has been lower during 2010 and 2011 and the
rates of hours worked have decreased less each quarter.
However, the LCI keeps the shape as in the previous years because the employment that leave the labour market is the employment with lower wages (mostly
temporal employment), so the total labour costs do not decrease in the same proportion as the hours worked and therefore the hourly labour cost increases.
In order to check the quality of the estimation of hours worked, the decomposition of the labour cost per hour into total labour cost and hours worked could be
very useful. The decomposition is not a mathematical equality, i.e., the change in
the labour cost per hour is not equal to the change in total labour costs minus the
change in hours worked; however, under normal circumstances, the decomposition should provide a good approximation on the change in the labour cost per
hour. The following table and graph show the decomposition for section C. As the
results of the quarterly survey are used to obtain the labour cost per hour worked
at NACE section level, there are not aggregation problems in the comparison between the year on year growth rate of total labour costs (GRLC) minus the year
on year growth rate of total hours worked (GRHW) and the year on year growth
rate of LCI (GRLCI) for section C.
18
REFERENCE TOTAL
GROWTH TOTAL
GROWTH GRLCLCI
PERIOD
HOURS
RATE
LABOUR
RATE
GRHW
WORKED
(GRHW) COST
(GRLC)
06Q1
322032714
-1,6 5016963709
6,6
8,3
06Q2
309964885
-4,1 5267427885
6,5
10,6
06Q3
274734718
-4,1 5129780097
4,4
8,6
06Q4
299502155
-3,3 5620293913
5,3
8,5
07Q1
323720661
0,5 5271628229
5,1
4,6
07Q2
312814933
0,9 5452907291
3,5
2,6
07Q3
274179796
-0,2 5366284535
4,6
4,8
07Q4
301463596
0,7 5883488198
4,7
4,0
08Q1
324610232
0,3 5711049592
8,3
8,1
08Q2
334800091
7,0 5925527433
8,7
1,6
08Q3
276863324
1,0 5671558036
5,7
4,7
08Q4
300725425
-0,2 6060902351
3,0
3,3
09Q1
288450641
-11,1 5306384182
-7,1
4,1
09Q2
274153507
-18,1 5372023852
-9,3
8,8
09Q3
240478056
-13,1 5141438039
-9,3
3,8
09Q4
265376921
-11,8 5617893734
-7,3
4,4
10Q1
267622357
-7,2 5012003495
-5,5
1,7
10Q2
264356163
-3,6 5167447786
-3,8
-0,2
10Q3
237814648
-1,1 5021984824
-2,3
-1,2
10Q4
255749015
-3,6 5500803862
-2,1
1,5
11Q1
266196175
-0,5 4886471173
-2,5
-2,0
11Q2
257176199
-2,7 5084484269
-1,6
1,1
11Q3
223653560
-6,0 4914931085
-2,1
3,8
11Q4
243204328
-4,9 5354118582
-2,7
2,2
GROWTH
RATE
82,1
89,5
98,4
98,9
85,8
91,8
103,1
102,8
92,7
93,2
107,9
106,2
96,9
103,2
112,6
111,5
98,7
103,0
111,3
113,3
96,7
104,1
115,8
115,9
8,4
11,0
8,9
8,9
4,5
2,6
4,8
4,0
8,0
1,5
4,7
3,2
4,6
10,7
4,3
5,1
1,8
-0,2
-1,2
1,6
-2,0
1,1
4,1
2,3
Year on year growth rates
12,0
10,0
8,0
4,0
2,0
0,0
-2,0
3
11
Q
1
11
Q
3
10
Q
10
Q
1
3
09
Q
1
09
Q
3
08
Q
1
08
Q
3
07
Q
1
07
Q
3
06
Q
1
-4,0
06
Q
%
6,0
Reference period
GRLC-GRHW
GRLCI
19
4 Timeliness and punctuality
The following table shows the calendar of transmission of the LCI and the delay in
days respect to the 70 days:
Reference
Period
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2011
2011
2011
2011
Transmission Date
Number of days since
the end of the reference
period
9th June 2009
8th September 2009
7 th December 2009
9th March 2010
8th June 2010
8th September 2010
9 th December 2010
9th March 2011
8th June 2011
8th September 2011
5 th December 2011
8th March 2012
Number of days allowed
Delay
70
70
70
70
0
0
68
68
69
70
70
68
69
70
66
67
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
-2
-2
-1
0
0
-2
-1
0
-4
-3
Date of publication
days of delay
Q4 2011
Q3 2011
Q2 2011
Q1 2011
Q4 2010
Q3 2010
Q2 2010
Q1 2010
Q4 2009
Q3 2009
Q2 2009
Q1 2009
0
70
Number o f days since the end o f reference quarter
5 Accessibility and clarity
The QLCS is published quarterly according to the Short-term Statistics Availability
Calendar of the INE. An advance release calendar which gives at least one-quarterahead notice of the precise release dates is disseminated on INE's Internet website
(http://www.ine.es).
The results can be found in:
• Internet: www.ine.es (see INEbase: press release and tabulations)
• Monthly CD-ROM
More information and historical data in:
• 'Boletín Mensual de Estadística' (paper and CD-rom)
• 'Anuario Estadístico' (paper and CD-rom)
20
Since June 2005 the LCI is also included in Short-term Statistics Availability Calendar of INE. Provisional data, including the data transmitted to Eurostat, are published 70 days after the end of the reference quarter and the revised data in the
next quarter.
This publication of the LCI is independent of the publication of the QLCS. The
QLCS follows its current calendar, publishing only definitive data.
The results of the LCI can be found in:
• Internet: www.ine.es (see INEbase)
Two kinds of series are published:
6
-
Quarterly indices by period, NACE sections, type of cost (total labour cost,
total wage cost, other costs and total labour cost excluding irregular payments) and type of series (gross series, corrected for calendar effects, seasonally adjusted and corrected for calendar effects).
-
Annual weightings by year, NACE sections and type of cost (total labour cost,
total wage cost, other costs and total labour cost excluding irregular payments).
Comparability
The Regulation (EC) No 1893/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council
establishing the statistical classification of economic activities NACE Revision 2
and amending, among others, Regulation (EC) No 450/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council was approved on 20 December 2006.
This Regulation establish in its article nº 16 three main objectives:
1. The NACE Rev. 2 as scope of the Labour Cost Index (Sections B to S of NACE
Rev.2).
2. The first sending of data for the LCI compiled according to NACE Rev. 2 should
be for the first quarter of 2009, and thereafter for each quarter.
3. Back data from the first quarter of 2000 to the fourth quarter of 2008 should
be made available at the same time as the LCI for the first quarter of 2009.
The implementation of NACE 2 in the Spanish LCI has consisted in solving the
problems of implementation of NACE 2 in the QLCS. The main subjects to be tackled in a survey when there is a change in the classification are the following:
1. Availability of the business register in both classifications (NACE Rev.1.1 and
NACE 2).
2. Sampling design in the new classification and collection of data with double
codification.
3. Derivation of back series.
In order to calculate backdata it is necessary to obtain the survey with both classifications during a period of time (at least, one reference period) and to do that, it is
necessary to have the register used in the frame double coded.
21
Once available the survey frame in NACE Rev.2, the sampling sizes needed for
obtaining estimations at two digits of the new classification, were studied. During
October-December 2007 the works of location of the “old sample” in the new
register as well as the estimation of the sample size and the selection of the “new”
units to be surveyed were undertaken.
With the new classification the number of divisions pass from 54 to 81 (without
taking into account Public Administration, Defence and Compulsory Social Security, section L/O), which means an increase of activities of 50%. This increase of
classes has had an important impact on the survey sampling size since it has been
increased about 36%, studying approximately 28.500 quarterly units instead of
21000 (including Public Administration, Defence and Compulsory Social Security).
The QLCS with double coded was collected and validated from January to December 2008. After carrying out the analysis of the information available on the QLCS
from 2000 till 2008 and the analysis of the QLCS-08 sample in NACE Rev.2, it has
been decided to use a micro data approach.
Once the method of back-casting was chosen the works can be described briefly:
-
Reclassification of the registers for 2000-2007.
-
Location of the samples in the registers.
-
Calculation of post-stratified estimators to obtain quarterly data from 2000 to
2007.
-
Calculation of traditional estimators for the year 2008 and the first quarter
2009.
-
There is a gap between the series for the period 2000-2007 and 2008 onwards
that is solved resolving an equation system.
-
The resulting gross series have been adjusted (working day, seasonally…).
Provisional data for 1Q 2000-1Q 2009 were sent on time to produce the European
aggregate LCI.
During the year 2009 the LCI data will have a provisional character because of the
revision of the economic activity of the units of the sample of QLCS. These revisions produce changes in the registers and samples, and therefore in the results
obtained.
Spain requested a grant for the implementation of the NACE Rev.2 in the LCI. The
technical report was provided as annex 3 of the year 2010 quality report.
7
Coherence
The Regulation Nº 1216/2003 says that this point has to include " a graph and a
table showing annual unadjusted growth rates of the total labour cost index (NACE
Rev. 1 sections) and of the ESA 95 compensation of employees per hour worked
(A6 breakdown) with explanations for the differences in the growth rates for the
last 12 quarters;”
As it has showed under point 3.2, the data available from Quarterly National Accounts (QNA) are not broken down by NACE Rev.2 sections. In order to do the
22
comparison an approximate correspondence between the breakdown of QNA and
LCI series has been set as follows:
1. QNA sections B to E NACE Rev.2 ∼ LCI sections B to E NACE Rev.2
2. QNA section F in NACE Rev.2 ∼ LCI section F in NACE Rev.2
3. QNA sections G to J NACE Rev.2 ∼ LCI sections G to J NACE Rev.2
4. QNA sections K to N NACE Rev.2 ∼ LCI sections K to N NACE Rev.2
5. QNA sections O to U NACE Rev.2 ∼ LCI sections O to S NACE Rev.2
6. QNA Total activities except agriculture and fishing ∼ LCI sections B to S NACE
Rev.2
4,4
4,7
0,8
2,7
1,4
-1,6
0,3
0,9
-4,3
1,1
-0,9
0,4
93,1
93,9
107,2
105,8
97,0
103,5
111,9
111,0
98,7
103,7
110,6
113,3
97,4
104,8
115,0
115,8
12,0
10,0
8,0
4,2
10,2
4,4
5,0
1,8
0,2
-1,2
2,0
-1,3
1,0
4,0
2,2
REFERENCE QNA: Section GROWTH LCI: Section GROWTH
RATE
RATE
F NACE
PERIOD
F NACE
Rev.2
Rev.2.
08Q1
15,41
92,6
08Q2
16,88
96,0
08Q3
16,18
103,6
08Q4
16,73
107,8
09Q1
16,87
9,5
97,2
5,0
18,58
10,1
106,8
11,3
09Q2
09Q3
17,88
10,5
107,1
3,4
09Q4
18,30
9,4
114,3
6,0
10Q1
16,91
0,2
98,0
0,8
10Q2
18,50
-0,4
106,4
-0,4
10Q3
17,96
0,5
105,1
-1,9
10Q4
18,79
2,7
115,9
1,4
11Q1
17,29
2,3
99,7
1,8
19,96
7,9
109,8
3,2
11Q2
11Q3
18,68
4,0
110,7
5,4
11Q4
20,16
7,3
120,9
4,3
REFERENCE QNA:
PERIOD
Sections G-J
NACE Rev.2.
08Q1
16,32
08Q2
16,13
17,04
08Q3
08Q4
18,24
09Q1
16,99
09Q2
16,90
09Q3
17,59
09Q4
18,86
10Q1
17,09
10Q2
16,75
17,52
10Q3
10Q4
18,96
11Q1
16,98
11Q2
17,29
11Q3
17,75
11Q4
19,35
GROWTH LCI: Sections GROWTH
RATE
RATE
G-J NACE
Rev.2
94,9
96,1
104,4
104,6
4,10
100,2
5,65
4,73
104,2
8,43
3,26
108,6
3,98
3,38
110,4
5,55
0,58
102,4
2,19
-0,86
104,6
0,43
-0,43
105,9
-2,46
0,55
111,5
0,92
-0,64
103,3
0,79
3,19
107,3
2,51
1,33
112,2
5,93
2,01
115,2
3,35
Growth rate
19,66
20,08
20,95
22,22
20,53
21,03
21,12
22,83
20,83
20,70
21,19
23,04
19,93
20,94
20,99
23,13
Comparison Quarterly National Accounts versus LCI
sections B_E NACE Rev.2
6,0
4,0
2,0
0,0
-2,0
09Q1
09Q2
09Q3
09Q4
10Q1
10Q2
10Q3
10Q4
11Q1
11Q2
11Q3
11Q4
11Q3
11Q4
11Q3
11Q4
-4,0
-6,0
QNA
LCI
Comparison Quarterly National Accounts versus and LCI
Section F NACE Rev.2
12,0
10,0
8,0
Growth rate
08Q1
08Q2
08Q3
08Q4
09Q1
09Q2
09Q3
09Q4
10Q1
10Q2
10Q3
10Q4
11Q1
11Q2
11Q3
11Q4
GROWTH LCI: Sections GROWTH
RATE
RATE
B-E NACE
Rev.2
6,0
4,0
2,0
0,0
-2,0
09Q1
09Q2
09Q3
09Q4
10Q1
10Q2
10Q3
10Q4
11Q1
11Q2
-4,0
QNA
LCI
Comparison Quarterly National Accounts versus LCI
sections G-J NACE Rev.2
10,00
8,00
Growth rate
REFERENCE QNA: B-E
PERIOD
NACE Rev.2
6,00
4,00
2,00
0,00
09Q1
09Q2
09Q3
09Q4
10Q1
10Q2
10Q3
10Q4
11Q1
11Q2
-2,00
-4,00
QNA
LCI
23
GROWTH LCI: Sections GROWTH
REFERENCE QNA:
RATE
K-N NACE
PERIOD
Sections K-N RATE
Rev.2
NACE Rev.1.
20,68
19,01
19,53
18,80
20,29
19,87
19,64
19,22
20,39
19,44
19,87
19,90
20,09
20,06
19,50
19,55
-1,89
4,54
0,58
2,23
0,51
-2,19
1,13
3,54
-1,45
3,20
-1,86
-1,77
101,1
92,8
103,5
102,6
100,5
99,3
107,2
106,0
101,7
99,4
107,4
108,4
103,1
103,2
112,4
110,6
8,00
6,00
-0,57
7,07
3,59
3,31
1,18
0,06
0,21
2,27
1,40
3,82
4,65
2,00
Growth rate
08Q1
08Q2
08Q3
08Q4
09Q1
09Q2
09Q3
09Q4
10Q1
10Q2
10Q3
10Q4
11Q1
11Q2
11Q3
11Q4
Comparison Quarterly National Accounts versus LCI
sections K-N NACE Rev.2
4,00
2,00
0,00
09Q1
REFERENCE QNA: Total
PERIOD
except
sections A
NACE Rev.2.
08Q1
17,92
08Q2
18,70
08Q3
18,56
08Q4
20,01
09Q1
18,48
09Q2
19,80
09Q3
19,07
09Q4
20,82
10Q1
18,62
10Q2
19,66
10Q3
19,06
10Q4
20,99
11Q1
18,30
11Q2
19,96
11Q3
19,02
11Q4
21,09
3,16
5,86
2,75
4,04
0,76
-0,71
-0,08
0,81
-1,73
1,53
-0,20
0,48
10Q2
10Q3
10Q4
11Q1
11Q2
11Q3
11Q4
LCI
10
8
0,57
8,82
3,59
4,79
1,37
0,34
-3,37
-1,70
-2,95
-2,10
3,06
0,98
6
4
2
0
-2
09Q1 09Q2 09Q3 09Q4 10Q1 10Q2 10Q3 10Q4 11Q1 11Q2 11Q3 11Q4
-4
QNA
GROWTH LCI: Sections GROWTH
RATE
RATE
B-S NACE
Rev.2
94,1
95,9
104,8
105,2
96,8
104,5
108,8
110,4
98,3
104,8
106,6
111,0
97,8
106,0
111,4
113,5
10Q1
Comparison Quarterly National Accounts versus LCI
sections O-S NACE Rev.2
Growth rate
0,56
5,12
0,98
3,16
0,64
-0,39
-0,98
-1,26
-2,91
-1,68
-1,68
-1,69
90,6
98,9
104,8
105,6
91,2
107,6
108,6
110,7
92,4
108,0
104,9
108,8
89,7
105,7
108,2
109,9
09Q4
QNA
LCI
Comparison Quarterly National Accounts Total except section A NACE
Rev.2 versus LCI sections B-S NACE Rev.2
10
8
2,89
9,01
3,82
4,94
1,49
0,29
-1,98
0,54
-0,50
1,10
4,49
2,23
Growth rate
18,64
21,42
19,56
22,73
18,74
22,51
19,75
23,45
18,86
22,43
19,56
23,15
18,31
22,05
19,23
22,76
09Q3
-4,00
GROWTH LCI: Sections GROWTH
REFERENCE QNA:
RATE
O-S NACE
PERIOD
Sections O-U RATE
Rev.2
NACE Rev.2.
08Q1
08Q2
08Q3
08Q4
09Q1
09Q2
09Q3
09Q4
10Q1
10Q2
10Q3
10Q4
11Q1
11Q2
11Q3
11Q4
09Q2
-2,00
6
4
2
0
-2
09Q1 09Q2 09Q3 09Q4 10Q1 10Q2 10Q3 10Q4 11Q1 11Q2 11Q3 11Q4
-4
QNA
LCI
In general, both series have a similar trend in time. The LCI seems to have sharper
movements specially related to the Easter effects.
8 Completeness
Progress in the implementation and timetable:
1999: the INE starts the design of a survey, the QLCS, that could collect all the
variables required in the Regulation that is under discussion at that moment.
24
2000: The QLCS's questionnaires begin to be sent to the respondent units.
During this year the data for the base year is collected.
Simultaneously, the Quarterly Wages and Salaries Survey (WS) is collected and
their results calculated in order to have the data from both surveys for the
same year and construct the linked series of wages and salaries.
2001: The WS is replaced by the QLCS. The results of the QLCS continue providing wages and salaries data as in WS, data on non-wages labour costs are
added, a better estimation of the hours actually worked is done and enlarged
the number of activities researched.
During this year a special methodology for linking series is prepared and homogeneous series of wages and salaries are calculated from the first quarter of
1981.
2002: The linked series are published in January 2002.
2003: The methodologies to obtain the Laspeyres Index from the data of QLCS
and from the back data are studied:
-
The estimation and tabular analysis procedures are designed. The programs
are elaborated and the results analysed and checked.
-
Finally, the information is processed and the series obtained (gross series
without adjustments).
2004: The methodology of analysis and decomposition of time series and the
use of the software Tramo&Seats are studied. The application of these methods to the index is carried out.
Starts the transmission of the LCI following the Regulation but with 80 days of
delay.
2005: Introduction of provisional data for the reference quarter at 70 days (for
the first quarter of 2005) with revision of this data in the next quarter. Final report on a feasibility study to provide data for section L was sent at the end of
2005.
2006: Extension of the sample of the QLCS including units belonging section L
with employees under the General Social Security System. Preparation of the
process to exploit the administrative data from Central Government for civil
servants data. Calculation the LCI for each part and for the whole section L at
the end of the year.
2007: Study of the results of the QLCS for section L. Control and check the
process to exploit the administrative data from Central Government for civil
servants data. Study the evolution of the new series. No data publication for
section L yet. Study the implementation of the new classification NACE 2 in
the LCI series. Re-codification of the Social Security Contribution Accounts
Register using the Business Register in NACE Rev.2.
2008: Sample design of QLCS in both classifications (NACE Rev. 1 and NACE
Rev.2). Revision of the economic activities in NACE Rev.2 assigned to the
sample units. Study the results of QLCS in both classifications and the back25
casting method to be used. Estimation of the new series since year 2000. Final
estimations for Section L of NACE 1.1, or section O in the new classification,
that should be included in the LCI from the first quarter of 2009.
2009: During 2009 the LCI data sent to Eurostat will have a provisional character due to the revision of the economic activity of the units of the sample.
These revisions produce changes in the registers and samples and therefore in
the results obtained.
2010: The implementation process of the new classification NACE Rev.2 has
finished coming back to the previous revision scheme.
2011: The implementation of Regulation (EC) No 450/2003 is completed.
26