A Guide To The
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK)
Significant Changes from the 3rd
edition to the 4th edition
Major Changes
• The adoption of the verb-noun format for process
names
• Amplification as to Enterprise Environmental
Factors and Organizational Process Assets
• Clarifications as to the relationships between
Corrective Actions, Preventative Actions, Defect
Repairs, and Requested changes
• The elimination, addition, and consolidation of
processes to tighten the logic of the process groups
• A division of the Project Management Plan
documents from Project Documents that was
unclear in the 3rd edition of the PMBOK
Major Changes (continued)
• The establishment of a distinction between the
elements of a Project Charter from the Project
Scope Statement
• The elimination of process flow diagrams that
were often interpreted as activity diagrams
rather than logical flows
• More emphasis on the logical connections
between the processes (where outputs become
inputs to follow-on processes)
• An appendix that is intended to emphasize the
need for soft (interpersonal) skills
Name Changes
• PMBOK, 3rd edition
– Verb-Noun Titles
• e.g., Create WBS; Develop Project Management
Plan
– Noun-Verb Titles
• e.g., Scope Planning; Cost Control
• PMBOK, 4th edition
– All processes titled in Verb-Noun format
Verb-Noun Examples
• Old PMBOK
– Activity Definition
– Activity Sequencing
– Activity Resource
Estimating
– Activity Duration
Estimating
– Cost Estimating
– Cost Budgeting
• New PMBOK
– Define Activities
– Sequence Activities
– Estimate Activity
Resources
– Estimate Activity
Durations
– Estimate Costs
– Determine Budget
Enterprise Environmental Factors
•
The Organization’s Enterprise Environmental factors and systems that
influence the project’s success
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Culture, structure, processes
Government and Industry Standards
Infrastructure (existing facilities and equipment)
Existing Human Resources (skills, disciplines and knowledge)
Personnel Administration
Work authorization system
Marketplace conditions
Stakeholder Risk Tolerance
Political climate
Established communications channels
Commercial databases (e.g., standardized cost estimating data, industry
risk study information)
– PMIS
6
Organizational Process Assets
• Processes and Procedures
• Processes, policies, standardized guidelines, templates,
communication requirements, closure guidelines,
financial controls, issue and defect management, risk
management, and work authorization procedures
• Corporate Knowledge Base
• Databases (process measurement, issues and defects,
configuration management, and financial), Project
files, historical information
7
Change Requests, et al
• Corrective Actions
• Preventive Actions
• Defect Repairs
• Change Requests
Short-term actions
Long-term actions
Project Integration Management
Inputs and Outputs
•Project
Management
Plan
•Performance
Reports
•Project
Management
Plan
•Work
Performance
Information
Monitor and
Control
Project Work
Perform
Integrated
Change
Control
•PM Plan Updates
•Project Documentation Updates
•Change Requests
Corrective Actions
Preventive Actions
Defect Repairs
•Change Request Status Updates
•Project Man. Plan Updates
New Category of “Change Request”
• Updates to the contents of plans,
documents, etc.
Integration
Management
Scope Management
Initiating
Planning
Executing
Process Group
Process Group
Process Group
Monitoring
& Controlling
Process Group
„Develop Project Charter
„Develop Project Management
„Direct and Manage Project
„Monitor and Control Project
„Develop Preliminary Project
Plan
Execution
Work
„Integrated Change Control
Scope Statement
„Scope Planning
„Scope Verification
„Scope Definition
„Scope Control
Closing
Process Group
„Close Project
„Create WBS
Time
Management
„Activity Definition
„Schedule Control
„Activity Sequencing
„Activity Resource Estimating
„Activity Duration Estimation
„Schedule Development
Cost
Management
„Cost Estimating
„Cost Control
Quality
Management
„Quality Planning
„Perform Quality Assurance
„Perform Quality Control
Human
Resource
Management
„Human Resource Planning
„Acquire Project Team
„Manage Project Team
Communications
Management
„Communications Planning
Risk
Management
„Risk Management Planning
„Cost Budgeting
„Develop Project Team
„Information Distribution
„Performance Reporting
„Manage Stakeholders
„Risk Monitoring and Control
„Risk Identification
„Qualitative Risk Analysis
„Quantitative Risk Analysis
„Risk Response Planning
Procurement
Management
„Plan Purchases and
„Request Seller Responses
Acquisitions
„Plan Contracting
„Select Sellers
„Contract Administration
„Contract Closure
Processes
• Changes to the matrix of Processes
– In addition to the wording changes (verb-noun
format)
Integration
Management
Scope Management
Initiating
Planning
Executing
Process Group
Process Group
Process Group
Monitoring
& Controlling
Process Group
„Develop Project Charter
„Develop Project Management
„Direct and Manage Project
„Monitor and Control Project
„Develop Preliminary Project
Plan
Execution
Work
„Integrated Change Control
Scope Statement
„Scope Planning
„Scope Verification
„Scope Definition
„Scope Control
Closing
Process Group
„Close Project
„Create WBS
Time
Management
„Activity Definition
„Schedule Control
„Activity Sequencing
„Activity Resource Estimating
„Activity Duration Estimation
„Schedule Development
Cost
Management
„Cost Estimating
„Cost Control
Quality
Management
„Quality Planning
„Perform Quality Assurance
„Perform Quality Control
Human
Resource
Management
„Human Resource Planning
„Acquire Project Team
„Manage Project Team
Communications
Management
„Communications Planning
Risk
Management
„Risk Management Planning
„Cost Budgeting
„Develop Project Team
„Information Distribution
„Performance Reporting
„Manage Stakeholders
„Risk Monitoring and Control
„Risk Identification
„Qualitative Risk Analysis
„Quantitative Risk Analysis
„Risk Response Planning
Procurement
Management
„Plan Purchases and
„Request Seller Responses
Acquisitions
„Plan Contracting
„Select Sellers
„Contract Administration
„Contract Closure
13
Integration
Management
Scope Management
Initiating
Planning
Executing
Process Group
Process Group
Process Group
Monitoring
& Controlling
Process Group
„Develop Project Charter
„Develop Project Management
„Direct and Manage Project
„Monitor and Control Project
„Develop Preliminary Project
Plan
Execution
Work
„Integrated Change Control
Scope Statement
„Scope Planning
„Scope Verification
„Scope Definition
„Scope Control
Closing
Process Group
„Close Project
„Create WBS
Time
Management
„Activity Definition
„Schedule Control
„Activity Sequencing
„Activity Resource Estimating
„Activity Duration Estimation
„Schedule Development
Cost
Management
„Cost Estimating
„Cost Control
Quality
Management
„Quality Planning
„Perform Quality Assurance
„Perform Quality Control
Human
Resource
Management
„Human Resource Planning
„Acquire Project Team
„Manage Project Team
Communications
Management
„Communications Planning
Risk
Management
„Risk Management Planning
„Cost Budgeting
„Develop Project Team
„Information Distribution
„Performance Reporting
„Manage Stakeholders
„Risk Monitoring and Control
„Risk Identification
„Qualitative Risk Analysis
„Quantitative Risk Analysis
„Risk Response Planning
Procurement
Management
„Plan Purchases and
„Request Seller Responses
Acquisitions
„Plan Contracting
„Select Sellers
„Contract Administration
„Contract Closure
14
Initiating
Process Group
Process: Identify Stakeholders
Knowledge Area: Communications Management
“The process of identifying all people or organizations impacted by the
project, and documenting relevant information regarding their interests,
involvement, and impact on project success.”
-PMBOK
15
Identify Stakeholders
• Inputs
–
–
–
–
Project Charter
Procurement Documents
Enterprise Environmental Factors
Organizational Process Assets
16
Inputs: Project Charter
• Utilize information provided in Charter
about
–
–
–
–
–
sponsors
customers
team members
groups
departments
that are involved in project
17
Inputs: Procurement Documents
• If the project is:
– The result of a procurement activity
– Based on an established contract
• Parties to that contract are then key project
stakeholders
18
Identify Stakeholders
• Tools and Techniques
– Stakeholder Analysis
– Expert Judgment
19
Tools and Techniques: Stakeholder
Analysis
• Step 1: Identify all potential stakeholders
–
–
–
–
–
–
Roles
Departments
Interests
Knowledge levels
Expectation
Influence levels
20
Tools and Techniques: Stakeholder
Analysis
• Step 2: Identify the potential impact or support;
classify
–
–
–
–
Power/interest grid
Power/influence grid
Influence/impact grid
Salience model
Level of authority – power
Level of concern – interest
Active involvement – influence
Effect changes to planning/execution - impact
21
Example: Power/Interest Grid
High
Keep
Satisfied
Manage
Closely
Monitor
Keep
Informed
Power
Low
Low
Interest
High
22
Identify Stakeholders
• Outputs
– Stakeholder Register
– Stakeholder Management Strategy
23
Outputs: Stakeholder Registry
• Identification Information
• Assessment Information
• Stakeholder Classification
– Internal/external
– Supporter/neutral/resistor, etc.
24
Outputs: Stakeholder Management
Strategy
• Includes
– Key stakeholders
– Level of participation desired
– Stakeholder groups and management (as groups)
Stakeholder
Interest in
Project
Assessment of
Impact
Potential
Strategies
25
Integration
Management
Scope Management
Initiating
Planning
Executing
Process Group
Process Group
Process Group
Monitoring
& Controlling
Process Group
„Develop Project Charter
„Develop Project Management
„Direct and Manage Project
„Monitor and Control Project
„Develop Preliminary Project
Plan
Execution
Work
„Integrated Change Control
Scope Statement
„Scope Planning
„Scope Verification
„Scope Definition
„Scope Control
Closing
Process Group
„Close Project
„Create WBS
Time
Management
„Activity Definition
„Schedule Control
„Activity Sequencing
„Activity Resource Estimating
„Activity Duration Estimation
„Schedule Development
Cost
Management
„Cost Estimating
„Cost Control
Quality
Management
„Quality Planning
„Perform Quality Assurance
„Perform Quality Control
Human
Resource
Management
„Human Resource Planning
„Acquire Project Team
„Manage Project Team
Communications
Management
„Communications Planning
Risk
Management
„Risk Management Planning
„Cost Budgeting
„Develop Project Team
„Information Distribution
„Performance Reporting
„Manage Stakeholders
„Risk Monitoring and Control
„Risk Identification
„Qualitative Risk Analysis
„Quantitative Risk Analysis
„Risk Response Planning
Procurement
Management
„Plan Purchases and
„Request Seller Responses
Acquisitions
„Plan Contracting
„Select Sellers
„Contract Administration
„Contract Closure
Planning
Process Group
Process: Collect Requirements
Knowledge Area: Scope Management
“Scope Planning – Collect Requirements is the process of defining
stakeholders needs to meet the project objectives.”
-PMBOK
27
Collect Requirements
• Inputs
– Project Charter
– Stakeholder Register
28
Collect Requirements
• Tools and Techniques
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Interviews
Focus Groups
Facilitated Workshops
Group Creativity Technique
Group Decision Making Techniques
Questionnaires and Surveys
Observations
Prototypes
29
Collect Requirements
• Outputs
– Requirements Documentation
– Requirements Management Plan
– Requirements Traceability Matrix
30
Integration
Management
Scope Management
Initiating
Planning
Executing
Process Group
Process Group
Process Group
Monitoring
& Controlling
Process Group
„Develop Project Charter
„Develop Project Management
„Direct and Manage Project
„Monitor and Control Project
„Develop Preliminary Project
Plan
Execution
Work
„Integrated Change Control
Scope Statement
„Scope Planning
„Scope Verification
„Scope Definition
„Scope Control
Closing
Process Group
„Close Project
„Create WBS
Time
Management
„Activity Definition
„Schedule Control
„Activity Sequencing
„Activity Resource Estimating
„Activity Duration Estimation
„Schedule Development
Cost
Management
„Cost Estimating
„Cost Control
Quality
Management
„Quality Planning
„Perform Quality Assurance
„Perform Quality Control
Human
Resource
Management
„Human Resource Planning
„Acquire Project Team
„Manage Project Team
Communications
Management
„Communications Planning
Risk
Management
„Risk Management Planning
„Cost Budgeting
„Develop Project Team
„Information Distribution
„Performance Reporting
„Manage Stakeholders
„Risk Monitoring and Control
„Risk Identification
„Qualitative Risk Analysis
„Quantitative Risk Analysis
„Risk Response Planning
Procurement
Management
„Plan Purchases and
„Request Seller Responses
Acquisitions
„Plan Contracting
„Select Sellers
„Contract Administration
„Contract Closure
Integration
Management
Scope Management
Initiating
Planning
Executing
Process Group
Process Group
Process Group
Monitoring
& Controlling
Process Group
„Develop Project Charter
„Develop Project Management
„Direct and Manage Project
„Monitor and Control Project
„Develop Preliminary Project
Plan
Execution
Work
„Integrated Change Control
Scope Statement
„Scope Planning
„Scope Verification
„Scope Definition
„Scope Control
Closing
Process Group
„Close Project
„Create WBS
Time
Management
„Activity Definition
„Schedule Control
„Activity Sequencing
„Activity Resource Estimating
„Activity Duration Estimation
„Schedule Development
Cost
Management
„Cost Estimating
„Cost Control
Quality
Management
„Quality Planning
„Perform Quality Assurance
„Perform Quality Control
Human
Resource
Management
„Human Resource Planning
„Acquire Project Team
„Manage Project Team
Communications
Management
„Communications Planning
Risk
Management
„Risk Management Planning
„Cost Budgeting
„Develop Project Team
„Information Distribution
„Performance Reporting
„Manage Stakeholders
„Risk Monitoring and Control
„Risk Identification
„Qualitative Risk Analysis
„Quantitative Risk Analysis
„Risk Response Planning
Procurement
Management
„Plan Purchases and
„Request Seller Responses
Acquisitions
„Plan Contracting
„Select Sellers
„Contract Administration
„Contract Closure
Monitoring
& Controlling
Process Group
Process: Manage Stakeholder Expectations
Knowledge Area: Communications Management
“Manage Stakeholder Expectations – The process of communicating and
working with stakeholders to meet their needs and addressing issues
as they occur.”
- PMBOK
33
Manage Stakeholder
Expectations
• Actively managing expectations
• Addressing concerns that are not yet issues
• Clarifying and resolving issues that have
been identified
34
Manage Stakeholder Expectations
• Inputs
– Stakeholder Register*
– Stakeholder
Management Strategy*
– Project Management
Plan*
– Issue Log
– Change Log
– Organizational Process
Assets*
*Already Discussed
35
Inputs: Issue Log
•
•
•
•
•
Or Action Log
Used to document monitor issues resolution
Facilitates communication
Ensures common understanding
Owner assigned for each issue
36
Inputs: Change Log
• Document changes during project
37
Manage Stakeholder Expectations
• Tools and Techniques
– Communication
Methods*
– Interpersonal Skills
– Management Skills
*Already Discussed
38
Tools and Techniques: Interpersonal Skills
• Includes:
–
–
–
–
Building Trust
Resolving Conflict
Active Listening
Overcoming Resistance to Change
39
Tools and Techniques: Management Skills
• Includes:
–
–
–
–
Presentation skills
Negotiating
Writing skills
Public speaking
40
Manage Stakeholder
Expectations
• Outputs
–
–
–
–
Organizational Process Assets Updates*
Change Requests*
Project Management Plan Updates*
Project Document Updates
*Already Discussed
41
Outputs: Project Document Updates
• Stakeholder Management Strategy
• Stakeholder Register
• Issue Log
42
Integration
Management
Scope Management
Initiating
Planning
Executing
Process Group
Process Group
Process Group
Monitoring
& Controlling
Process Group
„Develop Project Charter
„Develop Project Management
„Direct and Manage Project
„Monitor and Control Project
„Develop Preliminary Project
Plan
Execution
Work
„Integrated Change Control
Scope Statement
„Scope Planning
„Scope Verification
„Scope Definition
„Scope Control
Closing
Process Group
„Close Project
„Create WBS
Time
Management
„Activity Definition
„Schedule Control
„Activity Sequencing
„Activity Resource Estimating
„Activity Duration Estimation
„Schedule Development
Cost
Management
„Cost Estimating
„Cost Control
Quality
Management
„Quality Planning
„Perform Quality Assurance
„Perform Quality Control
Human
Resource
Management
„Human Resource Planning
„Acquire Project Team
„Manage Project Team
Communications
Management
„Communications Planning
Risk
Management
„Risk Management Planning
„Cost Budgeting
„Develop Project Team
„Information Distribution
„Performance Reporting
„Manage Stakeholders
„Risk Monitoring and Control
„Risk Identification
„Qualitative Risk Analysis
„Quantitative Risk Analysis
„Risk Response Planning
Procurement
Management
„Plan Purchases and
„Request Seller Responses
Acquisitions
„Plan Contracting
„Select Sellers
„Contract Administration
„Contract Closure
Integration
Management
Initiating
Planning
Executing
Process Group
Process Group
Process Group
„Develop Project Charter
Scope Management
Monitoring
& Controlling
Process Group
„Develop Project Management
„Direct and Manage Project
„Monitor and Control Project
Plan
Execution
Work
„Perform Integrated Change
Control
„Collect Requirements
„Verify Scope
„Define Scope
„Control Scope
Closing
Process Group
„Close Project or Phase
„Create WBS
„Define Activities
Time
Management
„Control Schedule
„Sequence Activities
„Estimate Activity Resources
„Estimate Activity Durations
„Develop Schedule
Cost
Management
„Estimate Costs
Quality
Management
„Plan Quality
„Perform Quality Assurance
Human
Resource
Management
„Develop Human Resource Plan
„Acquire Project Team
Communications
Management
Risk
Management
„Control Costs
„Determine Budget
„Perform Quality Control
„Develop Project Team
„Manage Project Team
„Identify Stakeholders
„Plan Communications
„Distribute Information
„Report Performance
„Manage Stakeholder
Expectations
„Plan Risk Management
„Monitor and Control Risks
„Identify Risks
„Perform Qualitative Risk
Analysis
„Perform Quantitative Risk
Analysis
„Plan Risk Response
Procurement
Management
„Plan Procurements
„Conduct Procurements
„Administer Procurements
„Close Procurements
Project Management Plan / Project
Documents
• Content of Old Project Management Plan
– 3 Baselines
– Subsidiary Management Plans
– And anything else you could think of
• Content of New Project Management Plan
– 3 Baselines
– Subsidiary Management Plans
And anything else …
• New category of input/output
– Project Document
Scope
Planning
Create
WBS
Scope
Definition
Activity
Definition
Activity
Sequencing
Act. Res.
Estimating
Activity
Duration Est.
The Three
Baselines
Schedule
Develop.
Cost
Estimating
Cost
Budgeting*
47
Collect
Require.
Create
WBS
The Three
Baselines
Define
Scope
Define
Activities
Sequence
Activities
Est. Activity
Resources
Est. Activity
Durations
Develop
Schedule
Estimate
Costs
Determine
Budget
48
Subsidiary Project Management Plans –
The 9 Knowledge Areas
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Integration Management
Scope Management
Time Management
Cost Management
Quality Management
Human Resource Management
Communications Management
Risk Management
Procurement Management
49
Subsidiary Project Management Plans –
The 9 Knowledge Areas
• Integration Management
• Scope Management
– Requirements Management Plan - NEW
• Time Management
• Cost Management
• Quality Management
• Human Resource Management
• Communications Management
• Risk Management
• Procurement Management
50
Subsidiary Project Management Plans –
The 9 Knowledge Areas
• Integration Management
• Scope Management
• Time Management
– Schedule Management Plan
• Cost Management
• Quality Management
• Human Resource Management
• Communications Management
• Risk Management
• Procurement Management
51
Subsidiary Project Management Plans –
The 9 Knowledge Areas
•
•
•
•
Integration Management
Scope Management
Time Management
Cost Management
– Cost Management Plan
•
•
•
•
•
Quality Management
Human Resource Management
Communications Management
Risk Management
Procurement Management
52
Subsidiary Project Management Plans –
The 9 Knowledge Areas
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Integration Management
Scope Management
Time Management
Cost Management
Quality Management
– Quality Management Plan
– Process Improvement Plan
Human Resource Management
Communications Management
Risk Management
Procurement Management
53
Subsidiary Project Management Plans –
The 9 Knowledge Areas
•
•
•
•
•
•
Integration Management
Scope Management
Time Management
Cost Management
Quality Management
Human Resource Management
– Human Resource Plan - NEW
• Communications Management
• Risk Management
• Procurement Management
54
Subsidiary Project Management Plans –
The 9 Knowledge Areas
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Integration Management
Scope Management
Time Management
Cost Management
Quality Management
Human Resource Management
Communications Management
– Communications Management Plan
• Risk Management
• Procurement Management
55
Subsidiary Project Management Plans –
The 9 Knowledge Areas
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Integration Management
Scope Management
Time Management
Cost Management
Quality Management
Human Resource Management
Communications Management
Risk Management
– Risk Management Plan
• Procurement Management
56
Subsidiary Project Management Plans –
The 9 Knowledge Areas
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Integration Management
Scope Management
Time Management
Cost Management
Quality Management
Human Resource Management
Communications Management
Risk Management
Procurement Management
– Procurement Management Plan
57
Outputs: Project Charter
• Specifically:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Project purpose or justification
Project Objectives
High Level Requirements
High Level Project Description
High Level Risks
Summary Milestone Schedule
Summary Budget
Project Approval Requirements
Assigned project manager, responsibility, authority
Name and authority of the sponsor
58
Other Changes
• Process Flow Diagrams
• Logical Connections between Processes
• Interpersonal Skills
Miscellaneous
• Life Cycle Explanations
• New Organizational Structure
The Project Life Cycle
• All projects can be mapped to the following
life cycle structure:
–
–
–
–
Starting the Project
Organizing and Preparing
Carrying out the Project Work
Closing the Project
61
Generic Life Cycle Structure
• Cost and staffing levels are low at the start,
peak as the work is carried out, and drop
rapidly as the project draws to a close
• Stakeholder influences, risk, and uncertainty
are greatest at the start of the project and
decrease over the life of the project
• Ability to influence the final characteristics of
the project’s product without significantly
impacting cost is highest at the start of the
project and decreases as the project progresses
62
Product vs. Project Life Cycle
• Product life cycle consists generally of
sequential and non-overlapping product
phases
• The last Product Life Cycle phase is
generally the product’s retirement
• Many possible relationships may exist to a
project where the outcome of the project is
a product
63
Composite Organization
„ Involves all these structures at various levels
„ Sometimes create a special project team to handle a critical
„
„
„
„
project
May have many characteristics of a projectized
organization
May include full-time staff from different functional
departments
May develop its own set of operating procedures
May operate outside the standard, formalized reporting
structure
64
Composite Organization
Project Members
Project B
Coordination
Project A
Coordination
Integration
Management
Initiating
Planning
Executing
Process Group
Process Group
Process Group
„Develop Project Charter
Scope Management
Monitoring
& Controlling
Process Group
„Develop Project Management
„Direct and Manage Project
„Monitor and Control Project
Plan
Execution
Work
„Perform Integrated Change
Control
„Collect Requirements
„Verify Scope
„Define Scope
„Control Scope
Closing
Process Group
„Close Project or Phase
„Create WBS
„Define Activities
Time
Management
„Control Schedule
„Sequence Activities
„Estimate Activity Resources
„Estimate Activity Durations
„Develop Schedule
Cost
Management
„Estimate Costs
Quality
Management
„Plan Quality
„Perform Quality Assurance
Human
Resource
Management
„Develop Human Resource Plan
„Acquire Project Team
Communications
Management
Risk
Management
„Control Costs
„Determine Budget
„Perform Quality Control
„Develop Project Team
„Manage Project Team
„Identify Stakeholders
„Plan Communications
„Distribute Information
„Report Performance
„Manage Stakeholder
Expectations
„Plan Risk Management
„Monitor and Control Risks
„Identify Risks
„Perform Qualitative Risk
Analysis
„Perform Quantitative Risk
Analysis
„Plan Risk Response
Procurement
Management
„Plan Procurements
„Conduct Procurements
„Administer Procurements
„Close Procurements