ANTHROPOLOGICAL
THEORY
An Introductory History
FIFTH
EDITION
R. Jon McGee
Richard L. W a r m s
Mc
Graw
Hill
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CONTENTS
5^
Preface
viii
Introduction
1
Part O n e
HISTORICAL F O U N D A T I O N S OF A N T H R O P O L O G I C A L T H E O R Y
Nineteenth-Century Evolutionism
5
6
1. Herbert Spencer, The Social Organism (1860)
13
2. Sir Edward Burnett Tylor, The Science of Culture (1871)
3. Lewis Henry Morgan, Ethnical Periods (1877)
30
45
4. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Feuerbach. Opposition of the Materialist and Idealist
Outlook ( 1 8 4 5 - 1 8 4 6 )
57
The F o u n d a t i o n s of S o c i o l o g i c a l T h o u g h t
74
5. Émile Durkheim, What Is a Social Fact? (1895)
6. Marcel Mauss, Excerpts from The Gift (1925)
7. Max Weber, Class, Status, Party (1922)
78
85
97
Part Two
C U L T U R E T H E O R Y IN T H E E A R L Y T W E N T I E T H C E N T U R Y
Historical P a r t i c u l a r i s m
111
112
8. Franz Boas, The Methods of Ethnology (1920)
9. A. L. Kroeber, Eighteen Professions (1915)
117
125
10. Benjamin L. Whorf, The Relation of Habitual Thought and
to Language (1939)
131
Behavior
V
vi
Contents
Functionalism
150
11. Bronislaw Malinowski, The Essentials of the Kula (1922)
12. A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, On Joking Relationships
(1940)
13. Max Gluckman, The Licence in Ritual (1956)
181
Culture and Personality
154
170
195
14. Ruth Fulton Benedict, Psychological Types in the Cultures of the Southwest
15. Margaret Mead: Introduction
to Coming of Age in Samoa ( 1928)
(1928)
200
211
Part Three
T H E O R Y AT M I D C E N T U R Y
219
T h e R e e m e r g e n c e of E v o l u t i o n a r y T h o u g h t
220
16. Leslie White, Energy and the Evolution of Culture (1943)
17. Julian Steward, The Patrilineal Band (1955)
223
243
Neomaterialism: Evolutionary, Functionalist, Ecological, and Marxist
259
18. Morton H. Fried, On the Evolution of Social Stratification and the State (1960)
263
19. Marvin Harris, The Cultural Ecology of India's Sacred Cattle (1966)
277
20. Roy A. Rappaport, Ritual Regulation of Environmental Relations Among a New Guinea
People (1967)
293
2 1 . Eric Wolf, Peasantry and Its Problems (1966)
Structuralism
306
320
22. Claude Lévi-Strauss, Four Winnebago Myths: A Structural
Sketch (1960)
23. Sherry B. Ortner, Is Female to Male as Nature Is to Culture? (1974)
Ethnoscience and Cognitive Anthropology
322
330
344
24. Harold C. Conklin, Hanunóo Color Categories (1955)
25. Stephen A. Tyler, Introduction to Cognitive Anthropology
348
(1969)
352
Part Four
T H E LATE T W E N T I E T H C E N T U R Y AND B E Y O N D
369
Sociobiology, Evolutionary Psychology, and Behavioral Ecology
26. Edward O. Wilson, The Morality of the Gene (1975)
370
373
27. Rebecca Bliege Bird, Eric Alden Smith, and Douglas W. Bird, The Hunting
Costly Signaling in Human Foraging Strategies (2001)
379
Handicap:
Contents
Anthropology and Gender
vii
396
28. Sally Slocum, Woman the Gatherer: Male Bias in Anthropology
29. Eleanor Leacock, Interpreting
Prohlems (1983)
408
(1975)
the Origins of Gender Inequality:
399
Conceptual
and
Historical
30. David Valentine, "I Went to Bed with My Own Kind Once": The Erasure of Desire in the
Name of Identity (2003)
423
S y m b o l i c a n d Interpretive A n t h r o p o l o g y
31. Mary Douglas, External Boundaries
438
(1966)
440
32. Victor Turner, Symbols in Ndembu Ritual (1967)
449
33. Clifford Geertz, Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight (1973)
B a c k g r o u n d to P o s t m o d e r n i s m
34. Pierre Bourdieu, Structures,
488
Habitus, Practices (1980)
35. Michel Foucault, The Incitement
P o s t m o d e r n i s m a n d Its Critics
467
to Discourse (1976)
492
508
520
36. Renato Rosaldo, Grief and a Headhunter's Rage (1989)
524
37. Lila Abu-Lughod, A Tale of Two Pregnancies (1995)
539
38. Allan Hanson, The Making of the Maori: Cultural Invention and Its Logic (1989)
G l o b a l i z a t i o n , Power, a n d A g e n c y
565
39. Arjun Appadurai, Disjuncture and Difference in the Global
Cultural Economy (1990)
567
40. Philippe Bourgois, From Jíbaro to Crack Dealer: Confronting
Capitalism in El Barrio (1995)
587
the Restructuring
of
41. Theodore Bestor, Kaiten-Zushi and Konbini; Japanese Food Culture in the Age of
Mechanical Reproduction (2006)
603
Bibliography
Credits
Index
C-l
1-1
B-l
549