Table of Contents
Preface to the Fourth Editionv
Preface to the First Editionvii
Editor’s note
ix
Table of Casesxxi
Chapter One Overview1
A. Features of this Casebook..........................................................................2
1. Litigation Diagrams..............................................................................3
2. Text Boxes............................................................................................3
3. Electronic Casebook with Hyperlinks...................................................5
4. Case Excerpts.......................................................................................6
5. Statutes and Rules................................................................................7
6. Points for Discussion, Hypotheticals, and Perspective & Analysis.........7
7. Executive Summaries............................................................................8
B. Introduction to U.S. Judicial Systems.........................................................8
C. An Outline of a Civil Action...................................................................12
1. Selecting a Proper Court.....................................................................13
2. Applicable Law...................................................................................14
3. Pleading & Joinder.............................................................................15
4. Discovery...........................................................................................15
5. Trials & Disposition without Trial.......................................................15
6. Judgments & Appeals.........................................................................16
D. Recurring Themes....................................................................................17
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Civil Procedure A Contemporary Approach
Chapter Two Personal Jurisdiction19
A. Historical Roots of the Doctrine...........................................................20
1. The Traditional Bases of Personal Jurisdiction.....................................21
Pennoyer v. Neff..................................................................................21
Points for Discussion...............................................................28
2. Stretching Pennoyer in the Early Twentieth Century...........................31
Hess v. Pawloski..................................................................................32
Points for Discussion...............................................................34
B. Modern Personal Jurisdiction Doctrine...................................................35
International Shoe Co. v. State of Washington.........................................35
Points for Discussion...............................................................42
C. Specific Jurisdiction: Applying the Minimum Contacts Analysis..................44
1. State “Long-Arm” Statutes: The Statutory Authority for Personal
Jurisdiction....................................................................................44
2. Minimum Contacts: The Constitutional Authority for Personal Jurisdiction...........................................................................................48
McGee v. International Life Insurance Co..............................................48
Hanson v. Denckla...............................................................................50
Points for Discussion...............................................................56
World-Wide Volkswagen Corp. v. Woodson.............................................59
Points for Discussion...............................................................69
Keeton v. Hustler Magazine, Inc............................................................72
Calder v. Jones....................................................................................75
Points for Discussion...............................................................78
Burger King Corp. v. Rudzewicz............................................................79
Points for Discussion...............................................................88
Asahi Metal Industry Co. v. Superior Court............................................89
J. Mcintyre Machinery, Ltd. v. Nicastro..................................................96
Points for Discussion.............................................................109
3. Modern Challenge: Personal Jurisdiction Based on Internet
Contacts.......................................................................................111
Young v. New Haven Advocate............................................................112
Points for Discussion.............................................................118
D. Alternatives to Specific Jurisdiction......................................................122
1. General Jurisdiction..........................................................................122
Perkins v. Benguet Consolidated Mining Co..........................................122
Goodyear Dunlop Tires Operations, S.A., v. Brown...............................125
Points for Discussion.............................................................131
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2. Power over Property........................................................................132
Shaffer v. Heitner..............................................................................133
Points for Discussion.............................................................144
3. Transient Jurisdiction........................................................................145
Burnham v. Superior Court................................................................146
Points for Discussion.............................................................157
4. Consent............................................................................................158
Carnival Cruise Lines, Inc. v. Shute.....................................................159
Points for Discussion.............................................................164
E. Personal Jurisdiction in the Federal Courts..........................................167
Points for Discussion...........................................................................168
F. The Constitutional Notice Requirement................................................171
Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust...........................................171
Points for Discussion.............................................................179
Dusenbery v. U.S...............................................................................180
Jones v. Flowers.................................................................................184
Points for Discussion.............................................................190
Executive Summary.....................................................................................191
Chapter Three Subject Matter Jurisdiction193
Introduction.............................................................................................193
The Constitutional Framework..................................................................194
A. Diversity Jurisdiction.............................................................................195
1. The Diversity-of-Citizenship Requirement........................................196
Mas v. Perry.....................................................................................196
Points for Discussion.............................................................199
2. Alienage Jurisdiction.........................................................................205
Points for Discussion .....................................................................206
3. The Amount-in-Controversy Requirement........................................208
Del Vecchio v. Conseco, Inc.................................................................208
Points for Discussion.............................................................212
B. Federal Question Jurisdiction................................................................216
1. The Constitutional Standard............................................................217
Osborn v. Bank of the United States.....................................................217
Points for Discussion.............................................................218
2. The “Well-Pleaded Complaint” Rule.................................................219
Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co. v. Mottley......................................219
Points for Discussion.............................................................222
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Civil Procedure A Contemporary Approach
3. The Essential Federal Element Requirement.....................................225
Grable & Sons Metal Prods., Inc. v. Darue Engineering & Mfg..............227
Points for Discussion.............................................................232
C. Supplemental Jurisdiction.......................................................................234
1. The Constitutional Standard.............................................................235
United Mine Workers of America v. Gibbs............................................235
Points for Discussion.............................................................239
2. Pendent and Ancillary Jurisdiction after Gibbs...................................240
3. Modern Supplemental Jurisdiction Doctrine.....................................241
Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Allapattah Services, Inc......................................246
Points for Discussion.............................................................263
D. Removal Jurisdiction..............................................................................266
1. General Standards of Removability..................................................267
Hays v. Bryan Cave L.L.P...................................................................267
Points for Discussion.............................................................269
2. Removal & Remand Procedures.......................................................274
Executive Summary.....................................................................................278
Chapter Four Venue281
A. Original Venue......................................................................................282
1. The Basic Venue Rules .....................................................................282
Surface Supplied Inc. v. Kirby Morgan Dive Systems, Inc.......................283
Points for Discussion.............................................................288
2. Pendent Venue..................................................................................295
PKWare v. Meade .............................................................................295
Points for Discussion.............................................................302
B. Change of Venue ..................................................................................303
1. Determining Available Transferee Courts..........................................304
Hoffman v. Blaski..............................................................................304
Points for Discussion.............................................................307
2. Standards for Venue Transfers...........................................................309
Smith v. Colonial Penn Ins. Co............................................................310
Bolivia v. Philip Morris Companies, Inc................................................312
Points for Discussion.............................................................314
C. Forum Non Conveniens.........................................................................316
Piper Aircraft Co. v. Reyno......................................................................317
Points for Discussion..................................................................327
Executive Summary.....................................................................................329
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Chapter Five The Erie Doctrine State Law in
Federal Courts331
A. Applicable Law Prior to Erie.....................................................................332
Swift v. Tyson.........................................................................................332
Points for Discussion......................................................................336
B. Establishing the Erie Doctrine...............................................................337
Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins..................................................................338
Points for Discussion......................................................................347
C. Development of the Erie Doctrine.........................................................351
Guaranty Trust Co. of New York v. York...................................................351
Points for Discussion......................................................................361
Byrd v. Blue Ridge Rural Electric Cooperative, Inc.....................................364
Points for Discussion......................................................................369
D. The Rules Enabling Act and Modern Erie Doctrine..............................370
Hanna v. Plumer....................................................................................371
Points for Discussion......................................................................379
Gasperini v. Center for Humanities, Inc....................................................383
Points for Discussion......................................................................394
Shady Grove Orthopedic Assocs. v. Allstate Ins. Co....................................397
Points for Discussion..........................................................................410
Executive Summary.....................................................................................413
Chapter Six Pleading415
Introduction.............................................................................................415
A. The Complaint......................................................................................418
1. Sufficiency of the Complaint under the Federal Rules.......................419
Swierkiewicz v. Sorema N.A...............................................................420
Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly............................................................425
Points for Discussion.............................................................437
Ashcroft v. Iqbal.................................................................................439
Points for Discussion.............................................................451
2. Serving the Complaint.....................................................................460
Rio Properties, Inc. v. Rio International Interlink..................................462
Points for Discussion.............................................................469
B. Responding to the Complaint.................................................................471
1. Defenses and Objections under Rule 12...........................................472
Points for Discussion......................................................................473
2. The Answer......................................................................................479
Zielinski v. Philadelphia Piers, Inc.......................................................482
Points for Discussion.............................................................486
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Civil Procedure A Contemporary Approach
C. Amending the Pleadings........................................................................490
1. The Basic Rules Governing Amendments..........................................490
Beeck v. Aquaslide ‘N’ Dive Corp.........................................................491
Points for Discussion.............................................................495
2. Relation Back of Amendments..........................................................497
Krupski v. Costa Crociere, S.p.A..........................................................498
Worthington v. Wilson........................................................................507
Points for Discussion.............................................................514
D. Ensuring Truthful Allegations..............................................................518
1. Representations to Court..................................................................519
Points for Discussion.............................................................520
2. Sanctions under Rule 11...................................................................522
Hadges v. Yonkers Racing Corp...........................................................523
Points for Discussion.............................................................534
Executive Summary.....................................................................................539
Chapter Seven Joinder of Claims and Parties543
A. Claim Joinder........................................................................................543
1. Joinder of Multiple Claims ...............................................................544
Points for Discussion......................................................................544
2. Counterclaims..................................................................................545
United States v. Heyward-Robinson Co................................................546
Points for Discussion.............................................................552
3. Crossclaims......................................................................................555
Points for Discussion......................................................................555
B. Party Joinder........................................................................................556
1. Permissive Party Joinder...................................................................557
Mosley v. General Motors Corp...........................................................558
Points for Discussion.............................................................563
2. Third-Party Practice..........................................................................564
Lehman v. Revolution Portfolio L.L.C...................................................565
Points for Discussion.............................................................571
3. Compulsory Party Joinder................................................................574
MasterCard International v. Visa International Service Association........575
Points for Discussion.............................................................582
Republic of Philippines v. Pimentel.......................................................586
Points for Discussion.............................................................595
4. Intervention......................................................................................598
NRDC v. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission....................................599
Points for Discussion.............................................................606
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5. Interpleader......................................................................................610
C. Class Actions.......................................................................................613
1. Certifying a Class under Rule 23......................................................613
Hubler Chevrolet, Inc. v. General Motors Corp.....................................617
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes............................................................626
Points for Discussion.............................................................641
2. Special Issues Pertaining to Class Actions.........................................646
Executive Summary.....................................................................................651
Chapter Eight Discovery653
A. The Scope of Discovery: Relevance.........................................................654
American Roller Co. v. Foster-Adams Leasing, L.L.P...................................655
Points for Discussion......................................................................659
B. Limits on the Scope of Discovery...........................................................664
1. Burden and Proportionality Limits Generally....................................664
Gonzales v. Google, Inc......................................................................665
Points for Discussion.............................................................677
2. Proportionality Limits on Electronic Discovery.................................679
Zubulake v. UBS Warburg L.L.C.(“Zubulake I”)...................................681
Points for Discussion.............................................................693
3. Privilege and Work-Product Protection.............................................695
Hickman v. Taylor.............................................................................697
Points for Discussion.............................................................708
4. Electronic Discovery & Protected Materials......................................714
C. Discovery Devices.................................................................................719
1. Rule 26(a): Initial Disclosures...........................................................719
2. Rule 34: Production of Documents, ESI, and Things........................721
3. Rule 33: Interrogatories....................................................................728
4. Rule 30: Oral Depositions.................................................................730
5. Rule 35: Physical or Medical Examination........................................732
D. Discovery Disputes................................................................................734
1. Discovery Offenses and Sanctions.....................................................734
Poole ex rel. Elliott v. Textron..............................................................738
Points for Discussion.............................................................745
2. Preservation Obligations & Spoliation..............................................746
Rimkus Consulting Group, Inc. v. Cammarata......................................747
Sekisui American Corp. v. Hart...........................................................758
Points for Discussion.............................................................770
Executive Summary.....................................................................................777
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Civil Procedure A Contemporary Approach
Chapter Nine Disposition Without Trial779
A. Default & Dismissal..............................................................................780
1. Default & Default Judgment.............................................................780
Colleton Preparatory Academy, Inc. v. Hoover Universal, Inc. ...............781
Points for Discussion.............................................................786
2. Involuntary & Voluntary Dismissals.................................................791
B. Case Management, Settlement & ADR..................................................795
1. Case Management.............................................................................795
CompuServe Inc. v. Saperstein............................................................797
Points for Discussion.............................................................801
2. Settlement........................................................................................804
Olson v. Alick....................................................................................805
Points for Discussion.............................................................809
3. Alternative Dispute Resolution.........................................................814
In re Atlantic Pipe Corp.....................................................................815
Points for Discussion.............................................................824
C. Summary Judgment........................................................................826
Celotex Corp. v. Catrett......................................................................830
Points for Discussion.............................................................841
Executive Summary.....................................................................................850
Chapter Ten Trials853
A. Trial by Jury.........................................................................................853
1. The Seventh Amendment Right to a Jury Trial..................................854
Beacon Theatres, Inc. v. Westover........................................................855
Points for Discussion.............................................................864
2. The Jury Right and New Statutory Rights to Relief............................871
Chauffeurs, Teamsters and Helpers, Local No. 391 v. Terry...................872
Points for Discussion.............................................................882
3. The Role of the Jury..........................................................................885
Markman v. Westview Instruments, Inc...............................................885
Points for Discussion.............................................................892
4. Selecting the Jury..............................................................................893
Edmonson v. Leesville Concrete Co......................................................894
Points for Discussion.............................................................902
5. The Phases of a Trial.........................................................................903
B. Judicial Control of the Verdict............................................................904
1. Judgment as a Matter of Law............................................................904
Pennsylvania R. Co. v. Chamberlain....................................................906
Reeves v. Sanderson Plumbing Products, Inc.........................................911
Points for Discussion.............................................................920
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xix
Unitherm Food Sys., Inc. v. Swift–Eckrich, Inc......................................924
Points for Discussion.............................................................930
2. Instructions & Verdicts.....................................................................932
3. New Trials........................................................................................936
Dadurian v. Underwriters at Lloyd’s, London.......................................937
Points for Discussion.............................................................943
Weisgram v. Marley Co......................................................................946
Points for Discussion.............................................................952
4. Relief from Judgment under Rule 60(b)............................................955
Executive Summary.....................................................................................958
Chapter Eleven Judgments & Appeals961
A. Securing & Enforcing Judgments...........................................................961
1. Provisional Remedies........................................................................962
Connecticut v. Doehr..........................................................................963
Points for Discussion.............................................................972
2. Interim Injunctive Relief...................................................................974
3. Enforcing the Judgment....................................................................976
B. Appellate Review...................................................................................979
1. The Final Judgment Rule..................................................................979
Liberty Mutual Insurance Co. v. Wetzel...............................................980
Points for Discussion.............................................................985
2. Scope of Review................................................................................989
C. Preclusion Doctrine..............................................................................992
1. Claim Preclusion..............................................................................993
Nestor v. Pratt & Whitney..................................................................993
Points for Discussion...........................................................1000
The Same Parties Requirement.....................................................1004
Taylor v. Sturgell.............................................................................1004
Points for Discussion...........................................................1014
The Requirement of a Valid Final Judgment................................1017
Semtek International Inc. v. Lockheed Martin Corp.............................1018
Points for Discussion...........................................................1025
2. Issue Preclusion..............................................................................1030
Cromwell v. County of Sac................................................................1031
Points for Discussion...........................................................1035
The Same-Parties Requirement and Nonmutuality......................1037
Parklane Hosiery Co. v. Shore...........................................................1038
Points for Discussion...........................................................1048
Executive Summary...................................................................................1052