Animal Diversity II
Chapter 33 in Campbell 8th edition
Evolutionary Relationships
Symmetry
Symmetry
http://www.millerandlevine.com/ques/symmetry.html
Body Cavities
-Protostome-blastopore becomes mouth
- Ecdysozoa-things that shed an exoskeleton
through ecdysis-arthropods and nematodes
- Lophotrochozoa-Larval stage called a
trocophore larvae or have a feeding
structure called a lophophore
Phylum Annelida
General Characteristics of Annelida:
“Annelida” – “little ring”
Segmented
Coelom – fluid filled body cavity
Marine, freshwater, and damp soils
Concept 33.3 in Campbell
8th edition
http://andrerossanez.blogspot.com/2008/03/annelida.html
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/science
s/zoology/animalclassification/Polygenetic/ph
ylogenetictree/Annelida/Annelida.htm
http://museumvictoria.com.au/learning-federation/infosheets/insects/psyllids-on-wattle-plants10/
Phylum Annelida
3 groups (classes):
Subclass Oligochaeta
(oligos – few, chaite – long hair)
Class Polychaeta (poly – many, chaite – long hair)
Class Hirudinida
Subclass Oligochaeta
“few bristles”
Sparse bristles on each segment – chaeta – chitin
Freshwater &
terrestrial
http://biology.unm.edu/ccouncil/Biology_203/Summaries/Protostomes.htm
http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/6900/6940/earthworm_6940.htm
Class Polychaeta
“many bristles”
Pair of parapodia on each segment with many
chaeta – chitin
Rich and diverse
Mostly marine
http://reefkeeping.com/issues/2003-03/rs/index.php
Photos courtesy of Dr. Raymond Lee of WSU
Class Hirudinida
Mostly fresh water – some are terrestrial
Predatory – some are parasitic
Sucking mouth parts
No chaeta
Have been used for medicinal purposes
http://www.dhammawheel.com/viewtopic.php?f=31&t=
4026
http://kimlong9999.blogspot.com/2010/07
/con-ia.html
Phylum Arthropoda
General Characteristics of Arthropoda:
Largest and most diverse than all other animal phyla combined
Water, Land, and Air – Herbivore, Carnivore, and Parasites
Body completely covered by the cuticle – exoskeleton made of layers
of protein and chitin
Well developed sensory organs
Open circulatory system
Jointed appendages
Phylum Arthropoda
4 extant groups (Subphyla):
Subphylum Chelicerata (cheir – arm)
Subphylum Crustacea (crusta – shell)
Subphylum Hexapoda (hex – 6 , pod – foot/leg)
Subphylum Myriapoda (myriad – many , pod – foot/leg)
including the extinct Subphylum Trilobita
Subphylum Chelicerata
(cheir – arm)
mouth parts pointed mouth part appendages which are used to
grasp food
Can be hollow and contain (or are connected to) venom glands, and
are used to inject venom
http://webs.lander.edu/rsfox/invertebrates/anoplodactylus.html
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lasiodora_parahybana,_chelicerae.JPG
Subphylum Chelicerata
2 body segments:
Abdomen
Cephalothorax
spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crab
http://www.amnh.org/learn/biodiversity_counts/ident_help/Parts_Arthropods/male_spider.htm
Subphylum Crustacea
Highly specialized
appendages
Marine and freshwater
http://uh.edu/engines/epi1948.htm
Subphylum Hexapoda
(greek hex – six, podos – foot)
Insects - 3 body regions-head, thorax, abdomen
http://computerkiddoswiki.pbworks.com/Insects
Subphylum Myriapoda
Millipedes
Centipedes
Photo by Jason Diltz
All terrestrial
Have mandibles
Head has pair antennae and 3 pair of appendages as mouthparts
Subphylum Myriapoda
Millipedes have 2 pair
legs per body segment
http://www.uptake.co.nz/resources/soil_biology_primer/soil_biology_primer_08.html
Centipedes have 1 pair
legs per body segment
http://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/G331/lectures/331arthr.html#next7
Subphylum Trilobita
Cambrian Seas – 525 mya were around for over 200 million years
http://www1.newark.ohiostate.edu/Professional/OSU/Faculty/jstjohn/
Cool%20Fossils/Elrathia%20with%20bite%20
mark.htm
Lab Exercises
Annelida
Exercise 1 – various Annelids – No dissection
Exercise 2 & 8 – Polychaeta – examination – Dr. Lee
Exercise 3 – Oligochaeta - observation of live worms
Exercise 4 & 5 – Oligochaeta - worm dissection
Exercise 6 – prepped slides – Lumbricus
Exercise 7 – examination Hirudinia – leeches
Exercise 8 – Strange polychaetes
Exercise 9 – Unknown polychaetes, what family are they from?
Arthropoda
Exercise 1 – Limulus - horseshoe crab No dissection
Exercise 2 – Trilobites – fossil examination
Exercise 3 – preserved crayfish – external – can dissect
Exercise 4 – Preserved grasshoppers - external – can dissect
Marine aquarium – hermit crabs, shrimp, sea cucumbers, sea stars, brittle stars, urchins
Dissections
• The cold saltwater tank in lab contains examples from
some of the groups studied in lab
• DO NOT START CUTTING UP SAMPLES WILLY NILLY !!!
• Clam and squid dissections - instruments, pans, gloves,
and disposal container for dissection remains are on
the side bench at the back of the room.
• Please try to keep this area reasonably organized
• Wash/rinse the instruments and pans after use
• Make sure You dispose of dissection remains in the
labeled container - NOT in the trash!
Cool Links
Images and video of Axial Volcano
http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/vents/nemo/
A polychaete family key is available on the internet:
http://www.nhm.ac.uk/researchcuration/research/projects/taxinfo/key/family_key.htm
Drawings of each family are shown at:
http://www.nhm.ac.uk/researchcuration/
research/projects/taxinfo/browse/family/family_browser.htm
Next Week
Animal Diversity III