An Overview of cdma2000
Technology Concepts
June 24, 2002 and July 16, 2002
presented by:
Ken Carolus
An Overview of cdma2000 Technology Concepts
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Page 2
Contents
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• Review of IS-95 CDMA Concepts
• cdma2000 Improvements
• cdma2000 Concepts
• cdma2000 Network Architecture
Page 3
Cellular Access Methods
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to edit Master subtitle style
Power
Time
Time
Power
FDMA
Power
Frequency
Time
Frequency
CDMA
TDMA
Frequency
Page 4
CDMA is Also Full Duplex
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US Cellular Channel 384
Amplitude
Forward Link
Reverse Link
AMPS
45 MHz
Frequency
836.52 MHz
881.52 MHz
Amplitude
Reverse Link
Forward Link
CDMA
45 MHz
(80 MHz PCS)
836.52 MHz
Frequency
881.52 MHz
Page 5
Cellular Frequency Reuse Patterns
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FDMA Reuse
CDMA Reuse
Page 6
The CDMA Concept
10 kHz BW
1.25 MHz BW
1.25 MHz BW
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fc
fc
0
Transmitter
Baseband
Data
9.6 kbps
Encoding &
Interleaving
19.2 kbps
-103 dBm/1.23 MHz
fc
Background
Noise
10 kHz BW
0
Receiver
Walsh Code
Spreading
1228.8 kbps
Spurious Signals
fc
External
Interference
Walsh Code
Correlator
1228.8 kbps
Decode &
Deinterleaving
19.2 kbps
1.25 MHz BW
fc
Other Cell
Interference
Interference Sources
Page 7
Baseband
Data
9.6 kbps
1.25 MHz BW
fc
Other User Noise
IS-2000 Terms and definitions
•
Chip
Click
to edit Master subtitle style
• Is the period of a data bit at the final
spreading rate
• SR - Spreading Rate
• Defines the final spreading rate in terms of
1.2288 Mcps.
• RC - Radio Configuration
• Defines the physical channel configuration
based upon a base channel data rate.
• RCs contain rates derived from their base
rate. For example, RC3 is based on 9.6
kbps and includes 9.6, 19.2, 38.4, 76.8, and
153.6 kbps.
Page 8
What is Correlation?
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• Is a Measure of How
Received Signal
Well a Given Signal
Matches a Desired
Code
Correlation = 1
Correlation = 0
• The Desired Code is
Correlation = 0
Compared to the
Given Signal at
Various Test Times
Correlation = 0
Page 9
Spatial Diversity During Soft Handoff
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MTSO
Land Link
Vocoder / Selector
Base Station 1
Base Station 2
Page 10
CDMA Frequency Diversity
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MasterFading,
subtitleCaused
style by Multipath
Combats
Fading Acts like Notch Filter to a Wide
Spectrum Signal
May Notch only Part of Signal
Amplitude
1.25 MHz BW
Frequency
Page 11
CDMA Time Diversity
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Uses Rake Receiver
Convolutional Encoding
Data is Interleaved
Viterbi Decoding
Page 12
The Rake Receiver
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Amplitude
Time
Frequency
Page 13
Power Control
• Important in cdma
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systems because of
frequency reuse of N=1
• The goal is to maintain
equal received power at
the base station from
each mobile
• Affects traffic channels
(not pilot signal)
Page 14
Near-far effect: BS receiver captured
by nearby MS
CDMA Power Control (Reverse Link)
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All Mobiles are Received at Base
Station at Equal Power
Two Types of Control
Open Loop Power Control
Closed Loop Power Control
Page 15
Open Loop Power Control (Reverse Link)
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edit Master
style
Assumes
Losssubtitle
is Similar
on Forward and
Reverse Paths.
Receive Power+Transmit Power = -73
All powers in dBm
Example:
For a Received Power of -85 dBm (at the mobile)
Transmit Power = (-73) - (-85)
Transmit Power = +12 dBm
Page 16
Closed Loop Power Control (Forward & Reverse)
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Directed by Base Station (for the Reverse Link)
and by Mobile (for the Forward Link)
Updated Every 1.25 msec
1 dB Step Size (also 0.25 and 0.5 dB)
Closed Loop Adds to Open Loop Power
Estimate on Reverse Link
Page 17
Forward Link Traffic Channel IS-95 Physical Layer
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style
Power Control
Vocoded
Speech
data
Convolutional
Encoder
9.6
kbps 1/2
rate
3/4
14.4 rate
kbps
Puncturing
Interleaver
19.2
kbps
19.2
kbps
20 msec
blocks
Long Code
1.2288 Mbps
800 bps
Long Code
Scrambling
Walsh
Cover
P.C.
MUX
19.2
kbps
19.2
kbps
19.2
kbps
800
bps
I Short Code
1.2288
Mbps
FIR
19.2
kbps
Short Code Scrambler
1.2288
Mbps
Walsh Code
Generator
FIR
Q Short Code
1.2288 Mbps
Page 18
I
Q
Code Domain Power (IS-95)
Click to edit Master subtitle Pilot
style
Synch
Paging
Frequency Domain
User #3
User #2
User #1
freq
1.2288 MHz
Code Domain
Walsh Code
0
1
Pilot Paging
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
User
1
9
User
2
32
Synch
Page 19
40
User
3
63
Contents
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• Review of IS-95 CDMA Concepts
• cdma2000 Improvements
• cdma2000 Concepts
• cdma2000 Network Architecture
Page 20
IS-2000 Improvements vs. IS-95
•
Click
edit Master
subtitle style
2XtoVoice
Capacity
•
•
Reverse Link Pilot for Each Mobile
Fast Forward (new) and Reverse Link Power Control
• QPSK Modulation
• Improved Convolutional Channel Encoding for
14.4 kbps Voice Channels
• Supports Auxiliary Pilots for Beam Forming,
Multi-Antennas, and many other options
Page 21
cdmaOne to cdma2000 1xRTT
• 1xRTT
keeps
same subtitle
chip rate style
and carrier bandwidth
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to edit
Master
•
•
•
•
Splits the data into I and Q (QPSK Modulation vs. P-BPSK)
Keep existing IS-95-based channels for backwards
compatibility with IS-95 mobiles
•
IS-95B enhancements retained
Adds new radio configurations, adds new FWD and REV
channels
•
•
•
•
New optional control channels
New fundamental traffic channels
New supplemental traffic channels for faster data
New turbo codes and spreading techniques
∼35 max users/sector/carrier for IS-95, ∼70 max for IS-2000
Page 22
cdma2000 to Achieve 3G Data Rates (cont.)
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•New transmission modes offer faster data rates
Technology
Data Capabilities
IS-95A/J-Std008
Up to 14.4 kbps using one traffic channel for supplemental data
IS-95B
Up to 115.2 kbps using 1 traffic channel and up to 7 supplemental
code channels supporting 14.4 kbps each
Up to 153.6 kbps (RC3) or 307.2 kbps (RC4) per SCH (one
deployed today); RC3 avail. today; Uses fundamental &
supplemental channels, advanced rate and QoS management
Up to 1.0386 Mbps (RC9) using fundamental channel for voice and
supplemental channel(s) for data; 2 Mbps using 2 SCH
1xRTT
3xRTT
•1xEV-DO and 1xEV-DV: 2.4 Mbps and higher
Page 23
The CDMA Technology Path to 3G
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style
cdmaOne
cdma2000/IS-2000
Generation
1G
2G
2G
2.5G or 3
3G
3G
Technology
AMPS
IS-95A/J-Std008
IS-95B
IS-2000:
1xRTT
IS-2000:
3xRTT
1xEV-DO/DV
Signal
Bandwidth,
#Users
30 kHz.
1
Data
Capabilities
None,
2.4K by
modem
Features:
Incremental
Progress
First
System,
Capacity
&
Handoffs
1250 kHz.
20-35
14.4K
First cdma,
Capacity,
Quality
1250 kHz. F: 3x 1250k 1250 kHz.
1250 kHz.
R: 3687k
50-80 voice 120-210 per Many packet
25-40
and data
users
3 carriers
64K
•Improved
Access
•Smarter
Handoffs
Page 24
153K
307K
230K
•Enhanced
Access
•Channel
Structure
2.4 Mb/s
2.0 Mb/s
(1xEV-DO)
3.864 Mb/s
(1xEV-DV)
Faster data
rates on
Faster data
shared 3- rates on 1x
carrier
carrier
bundle
Differences Between W-CDMA and cdma2000
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W-CDMA
cdma2000
New Spectrum only
Overlay IS-95
3.84 Mcps
1.2288 Mcps
New equipment
Upgrade existing
3GPP2
3GPP
Page 25
Contents
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• Review of IS-95 CDMA Concepts
• cdma2000 Improvements
• cdma2000 Concepts
• cdma2000 Network Architecture
Page 26
IS-95A/B (9.6 kbps)
Traffic Channel (F-FCH)
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I Short Code
IS-95B
1228.8 kcps
FIR
*
I
Short Code Scrambler
FIR
64 Walsh Code
Generator
Q Short Code
* Parallel BPSK
Page 27
Q
IS-2000 SR1, RC3 (9.6 kbps) (cont.)
Traffic Channel (F-FCH)
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Full Rate
Data Bits
Add CRC and
Tail Bits
Power
Control
Puncture
9.6 kbps
8.6 kbps
1/4 Rate Conv.
Encoder
P.C. Bits
Complex
Scrambling
Orthogonal
Spreading
Gain
38.4 ksps
Long Code
Generator
800 bps
38.4 ksps
Gain
38.4 kbps
Long Code
Decimator
Decimate by
Walsh Length/2
PC
Puncture
Timing
800 bps
PC
Dec
I
I Short Code
FIR
I
1228.8 kcps
19.2 ksps
Interleaver
1228.8 kbps
+
I
38.4 ksps
User Long
Code Mask
1228.8 kcps
1228.8 kcps
I
1228.8kbps
Walsh 64
S -P
Generator
Q
1228.8 kbps
+
19.2 ksps
Q
1228.8 kcps
Optional
Can be Carried by F-DCCH
Page 28
Q Short Code
1228.8 kcps
+
Q
1228.8 kcps
FIR
Q
Forward Common Pilot
•Click
Equivalent
to IS-95 subtitle style
to edit Master
pilot (Walsh 0 with chip
offsets identifying
BSs)
•
•
•
512 total PNs with 64chip offsets
Provides synchronism,
signal measurements
and phase reference
Complex
Scrambling
Orthogonal
Spreading
1228.8 kcps
I
I
+
I
I Short Code
19.2 ksps
1228.8 kcps
FIR
I
1228.8 kcps
1228.8kbps
Walsh 128
Generator
Q
1228.8 kbps
+
All 0’s
Pilot, Paging, Sync
applied only to inphase channel
Q
1228.8 kcps
Page 29
Q Short Code
1228.8 kcps
+
Q
1228.8 kcps
FIR
Q
Creating a Walsh Code Matrix
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Wn Wn 
W1 W1 
W2 W2 
W1 = [0] W2 = 
. . . W2 n = 
W4 = 



W
W
W
W
W
W
n
1
2
 1
 2
 n
Example
W1
0
W2
00
01
W4
0000
0101
0011
0110
W8
00000000
01010101
00110011
01100110
00001111
01011010
00111100
01101001
Page 30
Referencing Walsh Codes
W4[2] = 0011
W8[7] = 01101001
W2[0] = 00
w
8
7
= Walsh Set 8
Walsh Code 7
IS-2000 Walsh Code Tree
Bit Reversed Sequence
Hadamard Sequence
Walsh Set 2
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Walsh 2
1 0 1 1
1 1 -1
Walsh 4
0 1 1 1 1
Walsh 8
0
SF=2
Walsh Set 4
SF=4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 -1 1 -1
1
1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1
2 1 1 -1 -1
2
1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1
3 1 -1 -1 1
3
1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1
4
1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1
5
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1
6
1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1
7
1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1
0
1 1 1 1
0 1 1
2 1 1 -1 -1
1
1 1 -1 1 -1
SF=8
0
2
1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1
6 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1
1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1
5 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1
3
Page 31
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
4 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1 1 -1
3 1 -1 -1 1
Walsh Set 8
1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1
7 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1
Effects of Using Variable Length Walsh Codes
•
•
•
Walsh
Set 2
SF=2
Walsh
Set 4
SF=4
Walsh
Set 8
SF=8
Click to edit Master subtitle style
Logical 1’s and 0’s
can be represented
as physical -1’s
and 1’s in the
modulation domain
Shorter Codes on
a Branch map into
Longer Codes
Using Shorter
Walsh Codes
Precludes Using
all Longer Codes
Derived from the
Original
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1 1
1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1
2
1 1 -1 -1
Walsh
Set 16
SF=16
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1
1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1
1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1
1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1
1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1
1
1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1
1
1 -1 1 -1
1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1
1 -1
3
1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1
1 -1 -1 1
1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1
1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1
1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1
Page 32
1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1
1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1
Orthogonality of Walsh Codes
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• Walsh codes are:
•
Walsh Codes with SF=8
Orthogonal with each
other and their inverses:
• Orthogonality = Equal
Number of Matches and
Mismatches
Code
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Code
1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1
Match? Y N N Y Y N N Y
Matches
=4
Mismatches
=4
Net Correlation = 0
Page 33
IS-2000 Walsh Code Tree (Top Half)
ClickWalsh
to edit
subtitle
Set #16style
Set # 32
WalshMaster
Walsh Walsh
Set #1
Set #2
Set #4
Set # 8
0
0
8
0
4
4
12
0
2
2
10
2
6
6
14
0
Page 34
0
16
8
24
4
20
12
28
2
18
10
Set # 64
0
0
64
32
16
16
80
48
8
8
72
40
24
24
88
56
4
4
68
36
20
20
84
52
12
12
76
44
28
28
92
60
2
2
66
34
18
18
82
50
10
10
74
42
26
26
6
6
22
Walsh Set # 128
26
90
58
6
70
38
22
22
86
54
14
14
30
30
14
78
46
62
30
94
32
96
48
112
40
104
56
120
36
100
52
116
44
108
60
124
34
98
50
114
42
106
58
122
38
102
54
118
46
110
62
126
IS-2000 Forward Radio Configurations
• Radio Configuration 1 - Required
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• Backwards compatible mode with TIA/EIA-95-B
• Based on 9,600 bps Traffic
• Radio Configuration 2
• Backwards compatible mode with TIA/EIA-95-B
• Based on 14,400 bps Traffic
• Radio Configurations 3, 4, and 5
•
•
•
•
All use new IS-2000 coding for improved capacity
RC3 is based on 9,600 bps and goes up to 153,600 bps
RC4 is based on 9,600 bps and goes up to 307,200 bps
RC5 is based on 14,400 bps and goes up to 230,400 bps
Page 35
Data Rates & Radio Configurations
Spreading
Radio
Rate
Configuration
Forward Link
Data
Rates
Radio
Configuration
Click to edit Master subtitle style
SR1
1 carrier
1.2288
MCPS
SR3
3.6864
MCPS
as
3 carriers
1.2288
MCPS
Reverse Link
Data
Rates
RC1
Required. IS-95B Compatible
No cdma2000 coding features
9600
variable
RC1
Required. IS-95B Compatible
No cdma2000 coding features
9600
variable
RC2
Compatible with IS-95B RS2
No cdma2000 coding features
14400
variable
RC2
Compatible with IS-95B RS2
No cdma2000 coding features
14400
variable
RC3
Quarter-rate convolutional or
Turbo Coding, base rate 9600
9600
153600
RC4
Half-rate convolutional or
Turbo Coding, base rate 9600
9600
307200
RC3
9600
¼ rate conv or Turbo coding, 9600
153600
½ rate conv or Turbo coding, 9600
307200
RC5
3/8 rate convolutional or
Turbo Coding, base rate 14400
14400
230400
RC4
¼ rate convolutional or
Turbo Coding, base rate 14400
14400
230400
RC6
1/6 rate convolutional
or Turbo coding, base rate 9600
9600
307200
RC7
Required. 1/3 rate convolutional
or Turbo coding, base rate 9600
9600
614400
RC5
Required. ¼ or 1/3 convolutional
Or Turbo coding, base rate 9600
9600
307200
614400
RC8
¼ or 1/3 rate convolutional or
Turbo coding, base rate 14400
14400
460800
RC9
½ or 1/3 rate convolutional or
14400
Turbo encoder, base rate 14400 1036800
RC6
¼ or ½ convolutional or Turbo
encoding
14400
460800
1036800
Page 36
2G Today: IS-95 CDMA Channels
FORWARD CHANNELS
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REVERSE CHANNELS
W0: PILOT
ACCESS
W32: SYNC
BTS
TRAFFIC
W1: PAGING
Wn: TRAFFIC
•
Existing IS-95A/JStd-008 cdma offers one physical
structure using just the channels shown above
•
IS-2000 cdma is backward-compatible with this IS95, but offers additional radio configurations with
additional channels
Page 37
cdma2000 Channels
Click to edit Master
subtitle style
Pilot
Sync
Paging
Control
Auxiliary pilot
Quick paging
Broadcast
Auxiliary pilot
Control
Fundamental
Supplemental
Common
Dedicated
Common
Access
Control
Pilot
Control
Dedicated
Fundamental
Supplemental
• Dedicated: Point-to-point, single BS → single MS
• Common: Shared information for/from multiple MS
Page 38
cdma2000 SR1 CDMA Channels
FORWARD CHANNELS
Click to1 edit
F-PilotMaster subtitle style
Same coding as IS-95B,
Backward compatible
Includes Power
Control Subchannel
R-Pilot 1
F-Sync
Same coding as IS-95B,
Backward compatible
1 to 7
PAGING
Same coding as IS-95B,
Backward compatible
Access Channel
(IS-95B compatible)
Enhanced
Access Channel
R-ACH or
1
R-EACH
0 or 1
F-BCH
0 or 1
F-QPCH
Quick Paging Channel
F-CPCCH
Common
Power Control Channel
1
0 or 1
BTS
REVERSE CHANNELS
0 or 1
0 to n
0 to many
0 or 1
Broadcast Channel
F-CACH
Common
Assignment Channel
F-CCCH
Common
Control Channels
F-TRAFFIC
F-FCH
Common
Control Channel
R-TRAFFIC
Reverse Fundamental
Channel (IS95B comp.)
Dedicated
Control Channel
Fundamental Channel
Dedicated
Control Channel
F-DCCH
0 to 7
F-SCCHIS-95B only Channels IS-95B only
0 to 2
F-SCH
R-FCH 0 or 1
R-DCCH 0 or 1
Reverse
Supplemental Channel
Forward
Traffic Channels
0 or 1
R-CCCH 0 or 1
Supplemental Code
Supplemental
Channels RC3,4,5
Page 39
R-SCH 0 to 2
IS-95 or cdma2000 Rev 0 or Rev A
cdma2000 Rev A
cdma2000 Rev 0 or Rev A
cdma2000 Rev 0 or Rev A (related to traffic)
IS-95 or cdma2000 Rev 0 or Rev A (related to traffic)
IS-95B only
IS-95 or cdma2000 Rev 0
Contents
Click to edit Master subtitle style
• Review of IS-95 CDMA Concepts
• cdma2000 Improvements
• cdma2000 Concepts
• cdma2000 Network Architecture
Page 40
Existing CDMA Voice Networks
Click
edit Master
subtitle style20-ms frames are
• Thetocdma
voice conversation’s
carried as packets between mobile and the Selector
•
•
The selector assembles frames being sent to the mobile and
disassembles frames coming from the mobile
•
Frame contents normally include voice and occasional signaling;
may also include data if additional equipment is included (not
shown)
The vocoders in the BSC and the mobile convert the
packet stream into continuous DS-0 audio for the
end-users
•
The MSC makes a circuit-switched connection for call
Page 41
Existing CDMA Voice Networks (cont.)
Click to edit Master subtitle style
rf
(C)BSC or
Access Manager
Switch
PSTN
t1
t1
14400 bps max
BTS
v
CIRCUIT-SWITCHED VOICE TRAFFIC
SEL
t1
CE
POINT-TO-POINT PACKETS
Handset
2nd Generation cdma Networks were designed
primarily to handle voice
Page 42
Data Capability Today on a CDMA Network
Click to edit Master subtitle style
•
Data to/from the user connects near the selector in
the BSC
•
•
Passed through the switch as 56kb/s data links in 64kb/s DS-0s
Data connection to outside world handled by IWF
InterWorking Function
•
Includes modems to convert data stream into DS-0 for dial-up
uses
•
•
Can contain data routers to access IP or PPP networks
May include capability for FAX and other communications modes
Page 43
Data Capability Today on a CDMA Network (cont.)
Click to edit Master subtitle style
PROPRIETARY SLOW IP TRAFFIC
Backbone
Internet
Network
VPNs
Gateway
Server
PSTN
DIAL-UP ACCESS
IWF
Switch
t1
rf
(C)BSC or
Access Manager
t1
CIRCUIT-SWITCHED VOICE TRAFFIC
14400 bps max
BTS
v
SEL
t1
CE
POINT-TO-POINT PACKETS
Handset
Additional hardware was needed to carry data on a 2G
network
Page 44
cdma2000 Network
Packet Data Requires New H/W including PCF and PDSN
Click to edit Master subtitle style
VLR
HLR
Home Access
Provider Network
Visited
AAA
MSC
Home
AAA
Home Access Provider
IP Private Network
L
PCF
PDSN
BSC
Mobile
Client
Internet
R-P
Radio Network
Visited Access Provider
Network
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Home
Network
AAA - Authentication, Authorization,
and Accounting
PCF - Packet Control Function
PDSN - Packet Data Service Node
HA – Home Agent
RN – Radio Network
3G Data Capabilities: 1xRTT CDMA Network
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•
•
This requires a Packet Data Serving Node
•
ISP and operator-provided services are provided by external
Home Network and Home Agent servers
•
Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting provided by
external server
The IWF (InterWorking Function) is still maintained to
allow old mobiles to use dial-up and WAP/wireless
web keypad access
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3G Data Capabilities: 1xRTT CDMA Network (cont.)
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FAST IP PACKET TRAFFIC
Internet
VPNs
T
Backbone
Network
PDSN
Home Agent
PSTN
PDSN
Foreign Agent
fiber - ATM
SECURE TUNNELS
AAA
T
Authentication
Authorization
Accounting
(C)BSC/Access Manager
Switch
t1
rf
R-P Interface
t1
CIRCUIT-SWITCHED VOICE TRAFFIC
v
SEL
t1
Fast!
BTS
CE
POINT-TO-POINT PACKETS
Wireless
Mobile Device
For full-featured data access over a 3G network, a true
IP connection must be established to outside Packet
Data Networks
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Conclusions
•
ClickIS-2000
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subtitle style
is Backwards
Compatible with
TIA/EIA-95-B
• Provides 2x Capacity Improvement Over
TIA/EIA-95-B
• Improved Coding
• Improved Modulation
• Coherent Reverse Link Demodulation (Mobile Pilot)
• Fast Forward Link Power Control
• Supports High Speed Data for New
Applications
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Acknowledgements
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• Selected Materials Were Contributed By:
•
•
Agilent Technologies Wireless Network Services
Division, Wireless Institute of Technology Group,
Melbourne, FL
• Scott Baxter and Associates, Nashville, TN
3GPP2 web site: www.3gpp2.org
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