Music 520A: Introduction to Music Research
Fall 2010
Examples of Bibliographic Citations
Important notes:
• The citations listed here do not cover every possible type of source. Please consult
Turabian or the Chicago Manual of Style when in doubt.
• Remember the fundamental difference between bibliography entries and footnote
entries: the information in a bibliography entry is divided by periods, while the
information in a footnote entry reads as a single sentence divided by commas.
• The first appearance of a source in a footnote requires a full citation (see
“Footnote entry,” below).
• All subsequent citations of the same source in the footnotes are shortened,
retaining the last name of the author, short title, and page number cited (see
“Subsequent reference,” below).
• A footnote that cites the same source as the previous footnote is cited simply as
“Ibid.”, which is an abbreviation for the Latin ibidem [“in the same place”]. If the
page number of the information you are citing is different, you must give the page
number.
Please observe carefully the following example of footnotes:
__________________________________________________________
1
Kenneth Levy, “Gregorian Chant and the Romans,” Journal of the American
Musicological Society 56 (2003): 32.
2
Ibid., 33.
3
Ibid.
4
Daniel Heartz, Music in European Capitals: The Galant Style, 1720–1780
(New York: Norton, 2003), 76–80.
5
Levy, “Gregorian Chant and the Romans,” 33.
6
Heartz, Music in European Capitals, 82.
Footnotes 2 and 3 both refer to the Levy article; footnote 3 refers to exactly the
same page in that article as footnote 2. Note the short version of the title for the
Heartz book that is used in subsequent references.
Dictionaries and encyclopedias (note: if the author of the entry is known, you must indicate
it!)
Bibliography entry:
“Incidental music.” In The New Harvard Dictionary of Music, 394. Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press, 1986.
Nettl, Bruno. “Music.” In The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 2d ed., 17:425–37.
London: Macmillan, 2001.
Footnote entry:
1
“Incidental music,” in The New Harvard Dictionary of Music (Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press, 1986), 394.
2
Bruno Nettl, “Music,” in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 2d ed.
(London: Macmillan, 2001), 17:431.
Subsequent reference:
3
4
“Incidental music,” 394.
Nettl, “Music,” 428.
Books
Bibliography entry:
Duckles, Vincent H., and Ida Reed. Music Reference and Research Materials: An Annotated
Bibliography. 5th ed. Belmont, CA: Schirmer Books, Thomson Learning, 1997.
Footnote entry:
5
Vincent H. Duckles and Ida Reed, Music Reference and Research Materials: An
Annotated Bibliography, 5th ed. (Belmont, CA: Schirmer Books, Thomson Learning, 1997),
127.
Subsequent reference:
7
Duckles and Reed, Music Reference and Research Materials, 128.
Academic thesis
Bibliography entry:
Oettinger, Rebecca Wagner. “Music as Popular Propaganda in the German Reformation, 1517–
1555.” Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin, 1999.
Footnote entry:
5
Rebecca Wagner Oettinger, “Music as Popular Propaganda in the German Reformation,
1517–1555” (Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin, 1999), 322.
Subsequent reference:
7
Oettinger, “Music as Popular Propaganda,” 323.
Edited book
Bibliography entry:
Herissone, Rebecca, ed. Music Theory in Seventeenth-Century England. Oxford, New York:
Oxford University Press, 2000.
Grell, Ole Peter, and Bob Scribner, eds. Tolerance and Intolerance in the European Reformation.
New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Footnote entry:
8
Rebecca Herissone, ed., Music Theory in Seventeenth-Century England (Oxford, New
York: Oxford University Press, 2000), viii.
9
Ole Peter Grell and Bob Scribner, eds., Tolerance and Intolerance in the European
Reformation (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996), xii.
Subsequent reference:
10
Herissone, ed., Music Theory in Seventeenth-Century England, ix.
11
Grell and Scribner, eds., Tolerance and Intolerance, xiii.
Book in a series
Bibliography entry:
Walker, Diane Parr. German Sacred Polyphonic Vocal Music between Schütz and Bach: Sources
and Critical Editions. Detroit Studies in Music Bibliography 67. Warren, MI: Harmonie Park
Press, 1992.
Footnote entry:
12
Diane Parr Walker, German Sacred Polyphonic Vocal Music between Schütz and
Bach: Sources and Critical Editions, Detroit Studies in Music Bibliography 67 (Warren, MI:
Harmonie Park Press, 1992), 85–88.
Subsequent reference:
14
Walker, German Sacred Polyphonic Vocal Music, 128.
Articles/chapters in books
Bibliography entry:
Sherr, Richard. “Tempo to 1500.” In Companion to Medieval and Renaissance Music, edited by
Tess Knighton and David Fallows, 327–36. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.
Footnote entry:
15
Richard Sherr, “Tempo to 1500,” in Companion to Medieval and Renaissance Music,
ed. Tess Knighton and David Fallows (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992), 331.
Subsequent reference:
17
Sherr, “Tempo to 1500,” 332.
Journal articles
Bibliography entry:
Fisher, Alexander J. “Song, Confession, and Criminality: Trial Records as Sources for Popular
Musical Culture in Early Modern Europe.” Journal of Musicology 18 (2001): 616–57.
Footnote entry:
18
Alexander J. Fisher, “Song, Confession, and Criminality: Trial Records as Sources for
Popular Musical Culture in Early Modern Europe,” Journal of Musicology 18 (2001): 616.
Subsequent reference:
20
Fisher, “Song, Confession, and Criminality,” 617.
Published scores
Bibliography entry:
Aichinger, Gregor. The Vocal Concertos. Edited by William E. Hettrick. Recent Researches in the
Music of the Baroque 54–55. Madison, WI: A-R Editions, 1986.
Footnote entry:
21
Gregor Aichinger, The Vocal Concertos, ed. William E. Hettrick, Recent Researches in
the Music of the Baroque 54–55 (Madison, WI: A-R Editions, 1986), xiv.
Subsequent reference:
23
Aichinger, The Vocal Concertos, iii.
Sound recordings
Bibliography entry:
Byrd, William. Ave Verum Corpus: Motets and Anthems. The Cambridge Singers. John Rutter.
Collegium Records CD 110. Compact disc.
Footnote entry:
24
William Byrd, Ave Verum Corpus: Motets and Anthems, The Cambridge Singers, John
Rutter, Collegium Records CD 110, compact disc.
Subsequent reference:
26
Byrd, Ave Verum Corpus.
Internet resources
Bibliography entry:
Nettl, Bruno. “Music.” Grove Music Online. http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com (accessed 16
September 2003).
Footnote entry:
24
Bruno Nettl, “Music,” Grove Music Online, http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com
(accessed 23 October 2002).
Subsequent reference:
26
Nettl, “Music.”