AP Art History Chapter 26 Questions: Rococo to Neoclassicism Chapter 26 Vocabulary – Define these terms Key Cultural Terms & Events: Enlightenment, Industrial Revolution, French Revolution, Third Estate, American Revolution, femmes savants, Rococo, rocaille, Grand Manner portraiture, Grand Tour, Neoclassicism, excavation of Herculaneum & Pompeii (1738 & 1748) Key Art Terms: Rococo, tapestry, Poussinistes, Rubénistes, veduta/vedute, exemplum virtutis Exercises for Study: 1. Discuss how Neoclassicism and the excavations at Herculaneum and Pompeii influenced art in the 18th century. 2. Describe the influence of Enlightenment thinking on the art of the 18th century. Select one artwork and discuss how it manifests the influence of the Enlightenment. 3. Define the following terms and describe how they figure in artworks of the 18th century: • Grand Tour: • History Painting: • Rousseau and “naturalist” painting: • féte galante 4. Compare and contrast the following pairs of artworks, using the points of comparison as a guide. A. François Boucher, Cupid a Captive (Fig. 26‐8); Clodion, Nymph and Satyr Carousing (Fig. 26‐11) • Medium: • Style: • Subject & theme: • Function & audience: B. Angelica Kauffmann, Cornelia Presenting Her Children as Her Treasures (Fig. 26‐24); Elisabeth Vigée‐Lebrun, Marie Antoinette (Fig. 26‐15A) • Subjects: • Style: • Function/audience of paintings: C. Jacques‐Germain Soufflot, Panthéon (Fig. 26‐27); Thomas Jefferson, University of Virginia (Fig. 26‐31) • Location: • Architectural features: • Influence of classical architecture: • Function of buildings: Chapter 26 Questions 1. How does the artist use light and shadow in the painting, A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrery? How does this reflect the Enlightenment period? (727) 2. Read the grey insert on page p.729 about Boffrand’s Salon de la Princesses. List four features, in addition to mirrors, that are typical hallmarks of a Rococo room. 3. List 2 ways that Watteau’s Rococo painting, L’Indifferent, differs from Rigaud’s Baroque portrait of Louis XIV. (732) 4. The epitome of the Rococo is Fragonard’s The Swing. What are the predominant colors and mood of the work? Where are her man or lover and patron? How are they strategically placed in the composition? (734) 5. How did the Enlightenment open the door to the Industrial Revolution? (736) 6. Darby’s Coalbrookdale Bridge introduces a new medium into the world of engineering and architecture. What is it? (737) 7. Pick one person in Greuze’s, The Village Bride. How is he/she depicted in reacting to the bride’s humble rural wedding? Paintings like this were becoming increasingly popular amongst the growing bourgeois class. (739) 8. Elisabeth Vigee‐Lebrun’s Self­Portrait captures the naturalistic aspect of 18th century portraiture. How does this work show confidence and changing role of women? What is Lebrun painting in her painting? (739‐740) 9. The English latched onto this new wave of painting with a satirical approach. Hogarth painted a series that poked fun at the immoralities of contemporary life of the wealthy class. One of his best was Breakfast Scene from the AP Art History Chapter 26 Questions: Rococo to Neoclassicism 10.
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_____________________ series. It tells the story of an unhappy couple. What does the steward have in his hands? What is the dog sniffing? What has the wife possibly been up to? What is on the mantle of the fireplace? (741) Gainsborough originally started his career as a _______________ artist. How does he show this strength in his portraiture of Mrs. Sheridan? (741‐742) In Grand Manner Portraiture, what is the scale of the figure relative to the canvas; individuals were painted with a controlled ____________, in a ____________ setting, and a ____________ horizon line. (742) Where was Benjamin West born and where did he end up gaining fame? For whom did he become an official painter? (742) How does Copley’s Portrait of Paul Revere differ from the Grand Manner Portraiture? (742) Read the grey section on page 745. Here is an example of how contextual/historical developments directly affected the art themes and styles of the late 18th Century. As archeologists excavated Pompeii at this time and brought back many of the ancient finds to parts of Europe, what effect did it have on styles? What art period did this influence? In what country is the Etruscan Room, which was inspired by Roman mural painting? Angelica Kaufmann’s painting captures the mood of Neoclassicism by bringing back the Roman story of Cornelia, the mother of two future Roman reformers. She presents her children as ____________. What elements of classicism do you see in this work? (746) In two sentences, tell the story of the brothers Horatti. Look at David’s painting, The Oath of Horatti. What does David do to draw attention to the oath of the three brothers and the father’s issuing of the swords? How do the rigid‐relief‐
sculpture‐like‐bodies contrast with the women to the right? Knowing the story, why do you think that is so? (747) How does David convince the viewer of the tragedy of Marat’s death? The author compares Marat to Michelangelo’s Pieta. What comparison is made? Do you agree or disagree? (747) Boyle and Kent’s ___________________ shows similarities with the Renaissance Villa Rotunda by Palladio. (749) Name one way Monticello differs from Chiswick House. (749‐750) What famous Roman building was the inspiration for Jefferson’s Rotunda at the University of Virginia? (751) Houdon was a leading neoclassical sculptor. His sculpture of George Washington contains much symbolism adding significance and authority. Give three examples of the symbolism. (751‐752) Look at another sculptor of Washington done 48 years later. How did some of the American public feel about our first president, George Washington, being depicted in the neoclassical style of a “half‐naked pagan god”? Do you like the sculpture? Who were the patrons and were they happy with the outcome of their commission? (752)