AP Art History Chapter 26 Questions: Rococo to Neoclassicism 1. Read you author’s definition of the Enlightenment. It is a “new way of thinking critically about the world and about humankind independently of ______________, _______________, and _______________.” (727) 2. How does the artist use light and shadow in the painting, A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrery? How does this reflect the Enlightenment period? (727) 3. This chapter spans two starkly different worlds; the frivolous Rococo and the serious Neoclassicism. Read the intro about this. The Rococo begins to flourish after the death of whom? The Rococo was essentially an art form of the wealthy or middle class? Select one. It was primarily as style of _________ design. (729) 4. Read the grey insert on page p.729 about Boffrand’s Salon de la Princesses. List four features, in addition to mirrors, that are typical hallmarks of a Rococo room. 5. What does the word Rococo actually mean, and why was it selected for this style? (729) 6. The Palace of Versailles was essentially Baroque, but the Hall of Mirrors in it is more Rococo. Describe how it softens the building. Compare the Salon de la Princesses and the Galerie des Glaces (Hall of Mirrors). (730) 7. The Rococo spread beyond Paris! Is an example of the Nymphenburg Palace by Cuvillies. Where is it? Can you find examples of the shell motif and organic forms? (730) 8. Rococo spreads beyond palaces and the domestic realm. What are the predominant shapes found in Neumann’s church of Vierzehnheiligen in Germany? What effect does this achieve on the interior of the building? (Notice the link the author makes with Baroque music.) (731) 9. List 2 ways that Watteau’s Rococo painting, L’Indifferent, differs from Rigaud’s Baroque portrait of Louis XIV. (732) 10. What does the fete galante mean, and what types of activity does one see in a fete galante painting? (733) 11. Two differing groups of painters existed at this time; the Poussinistes and the Rubenistes. Watteau was a Rubenistes. On your paper, make a chart and describe each. Don’t list just artists, but rather describe the style. (733) 12. What is Cythera? Take a look at Watteau’s Pilgrimage to Cythera. Notice how several people keep looking back as if they don’t want to leave Cythera. (733) 13. Who was the major patron for the artist Boucher? He is quite famous for his compositions, among other things. Trace your finger through the crisscross of diagonals in the painting. (733) 14. Who was the student of Boucher? (734) 15. The epitome of the Rococo is Fragonard’s The Swing. What are the predominant colors and mood of the work? Where are her man or lover and patron? How are they strategically placed in the composition? (734) 16. Look at Tiepolo’s Apotheosis of the Pisani Family. How many feet long is the ceiling fresco? (735) 17. John Locke’s ideas were a significant foundation of the Enlightenment. He also believed that the laws of nature granted people the rights of ___________, ______________, and _____________. Government is granted by ____________, and when it abuses rights, citizens have the right to ___________. (Can you see where the French and American revolutions have their roots?) (736) 18. The French Philosophers criticized the powers of the ___________ and _____________. They advocated a Doctrine of Progress. (736) 19. How did the Enlightenment open the door to the Industrial Revolution? (736) 20. Darby’s Coalbrookdale Bridge introduces a new medium into the world of engineering and architecture. What is it? (737) 21. Rousseau felt that a lot of art and science had corrupted man. What sector of society did he think needed to be exalted as the ideal? (737) 22. Read the grey section on page 738. How does Chardin’s Saying Grace encompass Rousseau’s ideas? 23. Pick one person in Greuze’s, The Village Bride. How is he/she depicted in reacting to the bride’s humble rural wedding? Paintings like this were becoming increasingly popular amongst the growing bourgeois class. (739) 24. Elisabeth Vigee‐Lebrun’s Self­Portrait captures the naturalistic aspect of 18th century portraiture. How does this work show confidence and changing role of women? What is Lebrun painting in her painting? (739‐740) 25. The English latched onto this new wave of painting with a satirical approach. Hogarth painted a series that poked fun at the immoralities of contemporary life of the wealthy class. One of his best was Breakfast Scene from the _____________________ series. It tells the story of an unhappy couple. What does the steward have in his hands? What is the dog sniffing? What has the wife possibly been up to? What is on the mantle of the fireplace? (741) 26. Gainsborough originally started his career as a _______________ artist. How does he show this strength in his portraiture of Mrs. Sheridan? (741‐742) AP Art History Chapter 26 Questions: Rococo to Neoclassicism 27. In Grand Manner Portraiture, what is the scale of the figure relative to the canvas; individuals were painted with a controlled ____________, in a ____________ setting, and a ____________ horizon line. (742) 28. Where was Benjamin West born and where did he end up gaining fame? For whom did he become an official painter? (742) 29. Who was General Wolf, and how did West depict him as a martyr in his death? (742‐743) 30. How does Copley’s Portrait of Paul Revere differ from the Grand Manner Portraiture? (742) 31. Read the grey section on page 744. What was considered an essential part of every well‐bred person’s education in the 18th century to strengthen their knowledge of the cultural legacy of Europe? If you were to go on one of these today, what countries would you want to visit? What Italian artist painted the beautiful paintings (vedute) for the tourists? What early photographic equipment did he use to painting his works? 32. Read the grey section on page 745. Here is an example of how contextual/historical developments directly affected the art themes and styles of the late 18th Century. As archeologists excavated Pompeii at this time and brought back many of the ancient finds to parts of Europe, what effect did it have on styles? What art period did this influence? In what country is the Etruscan Room, which was inspired by Roman mural painting? 33. What famous art historian said, “The only way for us to become great… is to imitate the ancients.”? (746) 34. Although she was from Switzerland, who was Angelica Kaufmann’s teacher in England? (746) 35. Angelica Kaufmann’s painting captures the mood of Neoclassicism by bringing back the Roman story of Cornelia, the mother of two future Roman reformers. She presents her children as ____________. What elements of classicism do you see in this work? (746) 36. There couldn’t be a better place for Neoclassicism to flourish except for in _____________, where the seeds of revolution are planted. (747) 37. Rubens was to Flemish Baroque as ____________ was to Neoclassicism. (747) 38. In the grey section of page 747, focus on the second paragraph by David. What did he believe the purpose of the arts was? Do you think modern artists would agree with him today? 39. What were the immediate causes of the French Revolution? (747) 40. In two sentences, tell the story of the brothers Horatti. Look at David’s painting, The Oath of Horatti. What does David do to draw attention to the oath of the three brothers and the father’s issuing of the swords? How do the rigid‐relief‐
sculpture‐like‐bodies contrast with the women to the right? Knowing the story, why do you think that is so? (747) 41. How does David convince the viewer of the tragedy of Marat’s death? The author compares Marat to Michelangelo’s Pieta. What comparison is made? Do you agree or disagree? (747) 42. Boyle and Kent’s ___________________ shows similarities with the Renaissance Villa Rotunda by Palladio. (749) 43. Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello is also inspired by Palladio’s V________ ___________. (750) 44. Name one way Monticello differs from Chiswick House. (749‐750) 45. Jefferson spearheaded a movement to…? What and whose books did Jefferson read? (750) 46. What famous Roman building was the inspiration for Jefferson’s Rotunda at the University of Virginia? (751) 47. Houdon was a leading neoclassical sculptor. His sculpture of George Washington contains much symbolism adding significance and authority. Give three examples of the symbolism. (751‐752) 48. Look at another sculptor of Washington done 48 years later. How did some of the American public feel about our first president, George Washington, being depicted in the neoclassical style of a “half‐naked pagan god”? Do you like the sculpture? Who were the patrons and were they happy with the outcome of their commission? (752)