Quiz Four (9:30-9:35 AM)
GY 111: Lecture test preparation
Tuesday September 22nd
Word List for Lecture Test 1
GY 111 "Word/Concept List" For Lecture Test One (2015)
Be familiar with these 30 terms, multiple terms and/or concepts. You will see some of them in the
definition and compare and contrast components of the up-coming Lecture test. They are not the
only things that you are responsible for on the exam. Multiple answer, fill-in-the-blanks and essay
questions will require comprehensive study of your lecture notes and web lecture notes. Use of a
text book (hardcopy or electronic) during studying is not required, but may prove valuable for some
students.
Word List for Lecture Test 1
magma, lava
crust, mantle, core (inner and outer)
convergent, divergent, transform plate
boundaries
island arc
Paleomagnetism
lithosphere, asthenosphere
subduction
protons, neutrons, electrons
atomic number, atomic weight
cations, anions
polymorph
Rocks, Minerals
rock cycle
extrusive (volcanic) rocks
intrusive (plutonic) rocks
pyroclastic igneous rocks
hotspot
pluton
isotherm
active, extinct, dormant volcano
viscosity
cinder cone, composite, shield volcano
pyroclastic
caldera
nueé ardent
mineral classes
lahar
fractionation
dike, sill
bonding (metallic, ionic, covalent, hydrogen)
Word List for Lecture Test 1
GY 111 "Word/Concept List" For Lecture Test One
Be familiar with these 30 terms, multiple terms and/or concepts. You will see some of them in the
definition and compare and contrast components of the up-coming Lecture test. They are not the
only things that you are responsible for on the exam. Multiple answer, fill-in-the-blanks and essay
questions will require comprehensive study of your lecture notes and web lecture notes. Use of a
text book (hardcopy or electronic) during studying is not required, but may prove valuable for some
students.
Word List for Lecture Test 1
GY 111 "Word/Concept List" For Lecture Test One
Be familiar with these 30 terms, multiple terms and/or concepts. You will see some of
them in the definition and compare and contrast components of the up-coming Lecture
test. They are not the only things that you are responsible for on the exam. Multiple
answer, fill-in-the-blanks and essay questions will require comprehensive study of your
lecture notes and web lecture notes. Use of a text book (hardcopy or electronic) during
studying is not required, but may prove valuable for some students.
Word List for Lecture Test 1
GY 111 Essay Question For Lecture Test One
In addition to this word list, I present you with one of the 3 essay questions that will
appear on Lecture test 1.
1) There are a lot of different silicate mineral subclasses. What are they, how do they
differ and why are they so prevalent in the earth’s’ crust?. Use sketches to augment
your answer.
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA
GY 111: Physical Geology
Lecture 8: Crystallization of Magma
Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick
Today’s Agenda
1. Volcanic Landforms
2. Volcanic eruptions (case studies)
3. Measurements of activity
Web notes 7
Cross-section of an
Active Composite
Volcano
Chalk board time
Volcanic Islands
(Island Arcs)
Island Arcs: chains of composite volcanic islands that pop up on
the overriding plate along an oceanic-oceanic plate boundary
Volcanic Eruptions (Rocks)
Shield Volcanoes, fissure eruptions, oceanic hot spots: all
produce low viscosity lava flows that when cooled, form rocks
like basalt
Volcanic Eruptions (Rocks)
Shield Volcanoes, fissure eruptions, oceanic hot spots: The lava
flows come in two main “flavors”
Pahoehoe (AKA ropey)
Aa (AKA jagged)
Volcanic Eruptions (Rocks)
Composite Volcanoes and continental hot spots: produce high
viscosity lava flows that might flow and form rocks like
rhyolite…
Volcanic Eruptions (Rocks)
Composite Volcanoes and continental hot spots: are dangerous
Mt. Pinatubo
David H. Harlow/U.S.Geological Survey
Volcanic Eruptions (Case Studies)
1) Kilauea, Hawaii
Volcanic Eruptions (Case Studies)
2) Lake Nyos, Africa
Volcanic Eruptions (Case Studies)
3) Mt Pelée, Martinique
Volcanic Activity (recap)
Three states of activity are recognized:
1) Active - the volcano is either erupting now, or there is a
historical record of it erupting in the past
2) Dormant - no record of recent activity (i.e., no historical
observations), but the volcano looks “fresh” and may
show some signs of thermal activity
3) Extinct - it may be a volcano, but it is badly eroded, tree
encrusted and shows no signs of thermal activity
Today’s Agenda
1) The chemical composition of the crust
2) Crystallization of molten rock
3) Bowen's Reaction Series
Web notes 8
Chemical Composition of the Crust
Chemical Composition of the Crust
Element
Wt%
% of atoms
Chemical Composition of the Crust
Element
Oxygen
Wt%
% of atoms
46.6
60.5
Chemical Composition of the Crust
Element
Wt%
% of atoms
Oxygen
46.6
60.5
Silicon
27.7
20.5
Chemical Composition of the Crust
Element
Wt%
% of atoms
Oxygen
46.6
60.5
Silicon
27.7
20.5
Aluminum
8.1
6.2
Chemical Composition of the Crust
Element
Wt%
% of atoms
Oxygen
46.6
60.5
Silicon
27.7
20.5
Aluminum
8.1
6.2
Iron
5.0
1.9
Chemical Composition of the Crust
Element
Wt%
% of atoms
Oxygen
46.6
60.5
Silicon
27.7
20.5
Aluminum
8.1
6.2
Iron
5.0
1.9
Calcium
3.6
1.9
Chemical Composition of the Crust
Element
Wt%
% of atoms
Oxygen
46.6
60.5
Silicon
27.7
20.5
Aluminum
8.1
6.2
Iron
5.0
1.9
Calcium
3.6
1.9
Sodium
2.8
2.5
Chemical Composition of the Crust
Element
Wt%
% of atoms
Oxygen
46.6
60.5
Silicon
27.7
20.5
Aluminum
8.1
6.2
Iron
5.0
1.9
Calcium
3.6
1.9
Sodium
2.8
2.5
Potassium
2.6
1.8
Chemical Composition of the Crust
Element
Wt%
% of atoms
Oxygen
46.6
60.5
Silicon
27.7
20.5
Aluminum
8.1
6.2
Iron
5.0
1.9
Calcium
3.6
1.9
Sodium
2.8
2.5
Potassium
2.6
1.8
Magnesium
2.1
1.4
Chemical Composition of the Crust
Element
Wt%
% of atoms
Oxygen
46.6
60.5
Silicon
27.7
20.5
Aluminum
8.1
6.2
Iron
5.0
1.9
Calcium
3.6
1.9
Sodium
2.8
2.5
Potassium
2.6
1.8
Magnesium
2.1
1.4
All other elements
1.5
3.3
Chemical Composition of the Crust
Element
Wt%
% of atoms
Oxygen
46.6
60.5
Silicon
27.7
20.5
Aluminum
8.1
6.2
Iron
5.0
1.9
Calcium
3.6
1.9
Sodium
2.8
2.5
Potassium
2.6
1.8
Magnesium
2.1
1.4
All other elements
1.5
3.3
SiO2
Crystallization of Magma
http://myweb.cwpost.liu.edu/vdivener/notes/igneous.htm
Crystallization of Magma
crystallization (seed crystals)
http://myweb.cwpost.liu.edu/vdivener/notes/igneous.htm
Crystallization of Magma
crystallization (seed crystals)
http://myweb.cwpost.liu.edu/vdivener/notes/igneous.htm
Crystallization of Magma
http://myweb.cwpost.liu.edu/vdivener/notes/igneous.htm
Crystallization of Magma
There is a specific order of crystallization in a typical magma
The Bowen’s Reaction Series
(Chalkboard)
Bowen’s Reaction Series
Source http://www.ltcconline.net/julian
Igneous Rock Composition
Source: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu
Igneous Rock Composition
Source: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu
Chalk Board
Igneous Rock
Composition
Source: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu
Composition
Formation
Temperature
Dominant
Minerals
Silica content
Ultramafic
Very high
Olivine, pyroxene
Very low (<45%)
Mafic
High
Olivine, pyroxene,
Ca-plagioclase
low
Intermediate
Medium
Na-Plagioclase,
amphibole, biotite
moderate
Felsic
Medium-low
Orthoclase, quartz,
muscovite, biotite
high (>65%)
Igneous Rock Texture
Extrusive Rocks (Rapid Cooling; non visible* crystals)
Intrusive Rocks (slow cooling; 100 % visible crystals)
*with a hand lens
Igneous Rock Texture
Today’s Homework
1. Download sample exam & word list 1
2. Study; Lecture test 1 is coming up (Sept 22)
Next Time
Extrusive igneous rocks
GY 111: Physical Geology
Lecture 8: Crystallization of Magma
Instructor: Dr. Doug Haywick
dhaywick@southalabama.edu
This is a free open access lecture, but not for commercial purposes.
For personal use only.
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