Excerpts from
Fastening Devices
Hilti, Inc.
1
©NJATC
Fastening Technology–General Information
2.3
Base Materials
2.1.1 BASE MATERIALS FOR FASTENING
The hardness of concrete aggregate can also affect the load
capacity of power actuated fasteners and anchors. Driven nails or
studs can generally penetrate “soft” aggregates (shale or limestone), but hard aggregates (like granite) near the surface of the
concrete can adversely affect the penetration of a nail or stud and
reduce its capacity. The effect of aggregate mechanical properties
on anchor performance are less well understood, although in
general harder/denser aggregates such as granite tend to result in
higher concrete cone breakout loads, whereas lightweight aggregates produce lower tension and shear capacities.
The design of modern buildings requires fastenings to be made
in a wide variety of base materials. To meet this challenge fastener manufacturers have developed many products specifically targeted to certain types of base materials. There is hardly a base
material in which a fastening cannot be made with a Hilti product.
The user must carefully match the type of fastener with the base
material to obtain the desired results. The properties of the base
material play a decisive role in the suitability and performance of
a fastener.
Values for the ultimate strength of fasteners in concrete are traditionally given in relation to the 28-day uniaxial compressive
strength of the concrete (actual, not specified). Concrete which
has cured for less than 28 days is referred to as green concrete.
Aggregate type, cement replacements such as fly ash, and
admixtures can have a significant effect on the capacity of some
fasteners, and this may not be reflected in the concrete strength
as measured in a uniaxial compression test. Generally, Hilti data
reflects testing with common aggregates and cement types in
plain, unreinforced concrete. In questionable cases, consult with
your Hilti field engineer.
2.1.2 CONCRETE
Concrete is a mineral building material which is made from three
basic ingredients; cement, aggregate and water. Special additives
are also used to influence or change certain properties. Concrete
has a relatively high compressive strength compared to its tensile
strength. Thus, steel reinforcing bars are cast in concrete to carry
the tensile forces, and this combination is referred to as reinforced
concrete.
Cement is the binding agent which combines with water and
aggregate and hardens through the process of hydration to form
concrete. Portland cement is the most common cement and is
available in several different types, as outlined in ASTM
Specification C-150, to meet specific design requirements.
In view of the significantly lower strength of green concrete (less
than a 28-day cure), it is recommended that anchors and power
actuated fastenings not be made in concrete which has cured for
less than 7 days, unless site testing is performed to verify the fastening capacity. If an anchor is installed in green concrete and
loaded (or torqued) immediately, its capacity should be based on
the actual concrete strength at the time of installation. If an
anchor is installed in green concrete, but not loaded until the concrete has achieved full cure, in most cases the capacity of the
anchor can be based on the strength of the concrete at the time
of loading. Power actuated fastening capacity should be based
on the concrete strength at the time of installation.
The aggregates used in concrete consist of both fine aggregate
(usually sand) and coarse aggregate graded by particle size.
Different types of aggregates can be used to create concrete with
specific characteristics. Normal weight concrete is generally
made from crushed stone or gravel. Lightweight concrete is used
when it is desirable to reduce the dead load on a structure or to
achieve a superior fire rating for a floor structure. Lightweight
aggregates are made from expanded clay, shale, slate or blastfurnace slag. Lightweight insulating concrete is used when thermal insulating properties are a prime consideration. Lightweight
insulating aggregates are manufactured from perlite, vermiculite,
blast-furnace slag, clay or shale. Sand lightweight concrete is
made from lightweight aggregate and natural sand. All concrete
with a unit weight between 85 and 115 pcf is considered to be
structural lightweight concrete. The ASTM specification and unit
weight for each of these concretes is summarized as follows:
ASTM
Aggregate Grading
Specification
Concrete Unit
Weight pcf
Normal Weight
ASTM C-33
145-155
Sand Lightweight
ASTM C-330
105-115
All Lightweight
ASTM C-330
85-110
Lightweight
Insulating Concrete
ASTM C-332
15-90
Concrete
Type
Cutting through concrete reinforcement when drilling holes for
anchors should be avoided. If this is not possible, the responsible
design engineer should be consulted first.
2.1.3 MASONRY MATERIALS
Masonry is a heterogeneous building material consisting of brick,
block or clay tile bonded together using joint mortar. The
primary application for masonry is the construction of walls
which are made by placing masonry components in horizontal
rows (coarse) and vertical rows (wythe). Masonry components are
manufactured in a wide variety of shapes, sizes, materials and
both hollow and solid configurations. These variations require that
the selection of an anchoring or fastening system be carefully
matched to the application and type of masonry material being
used. As a base material, masonry generally has a much lower
strength than concrete. The behavior of the masonry components, as well as the geometry of their cavities and webs, have
a considerable influence on the ultimate loads of the fastening.
When drilling holes for anchors in masonry with hollow cavities,
care must be taken to avoid spalling on the inside of the face
shell. This could greatly affect the performance of “toggle” type
mechanical anchors whose length must be matched to the face
shell thickness. To reduce the potential for spalling, holes should
be drilled using rotation only (i.e. hammering action of the drill
turned off).
The type and mechanical properties of concrete aggregate have a
major influence on the behavior of drill bits used to drill anchor
holes. The harder aggregates cause higher bit wear and reduced
drilling performance.
2
©NJATC
Fastening Technology–General Information
Base Materials
2.1
2.1.3.1 CONCRETE BLOCK
2.1.3.2 BRICK
Concrete block is the term which is commonly used to refer to
concrete masonry units (CMU) made from Portland cement,
water and mineral aggregates. CMU’s are manufactured in a variety of shapes and sizes using normal weight or lightweight aggregates. Both hollow and solid load bearing CMU’s are produced in
accordance with ASTM specification C-90.
Nominal
Width of Unit
in. (mm)
3
(76)
6
8
10
(152)
(203)
(254)
12
(305)
Minimum face-shell
Thickness **
in. (mm)
3/4
4
1
11/4
13/8
11/4
11/2
11/4
(19)
(102)
(25)
(32)
(35)
(32)††
(38)
(32)††
Bricks (unburned clay masonry units) are
prismatic masonry units made from a
suitable mixture of soil, clay and a stabilizing agent (emulsified asphalt). They
are shaped by moulding, pressing or
extruding and are fired at elevated temperature to meet the
strength and durability
requirements of ASTM
C-62
for solid brick and C652 for hollow brick.
Minimum web
Thickness **
in. (mm)
3/4
(19)
1
1
11/8
(25)
(25)
(29)
11/8
(29)
Depending upon the
grade, brick (solid clay
masonry) can have a compressive
strength ranging from 4,000 to over
12" Brick
14,000 psi. Grouted multiwythe masonry
Bearing Walls
construction typically consists of two
wythes, each one unit masonry in thickness, separated by a space 2 to 4-1/2
inches in width, which is filled with grout.
The wythes are connected with wall ties.
This space may also be reinforced with
vertical reinforcing bars. Solid brick masonry consists of abutting
wythes interlaced with header courses. In general, chemical
anchors are recommended for use in brick. In older unreinforced
construction (URM), or where the condition of the masonry is
unknown, it is advisable to use a screen tube to prevent unrestricted flow of the bonding material into voids.
Adapted from ASTM C90
** Average of measurements on three units taken at the thinnest point.
This face-shell thickness is applicable where the allowable design load is
reduced in proportion to the reduction in thickness from the basic face-shell
thickness shown.
††
CMU sizes generally refer to the nominal width of the unit (6", 8",
10" etc.). Actual dimensions are nominal dimensions reduced by
the thickness of the mortar joint.
7⁵⁄₈"
8"
8"
16"
Nominal Size (usually fictitious)
7⁵⁄₈"
2.1.3.3 CLAY TILE
Structural Clay load-bearing
wall tile is made from
clay or shale and
heat treated (fired)
at an elevated temperature to develop
the strength and durability required
by ASTM Specification C-34.
These units are manufactured in a variety of shapes
and sizes with one or more
cavities and develop a compressive strength of 500 to 1000
PSI depending upon the grade and type. These
units typically have a 3/4" face shell thickness and 1/2" interior
web thickness.
15⁵⁄₈"
Modular Size (actual)
Concrete block construction can be reinforced, whereby reinforcing bars are placed vertically in the cells and those cells are filled
with grout to create a composite section analagous to reinforced
concrete. If all cells, both unreinforced and reinforced, are filled
with grout, the construction is referred to as fully grouted. If only
the reinforced cells are grouted, the construction is referred to as
partially grouted. Horizontal reinforcing may be placed in the wall
via a bond beam, which is always grouted. Ladder reinforcement
may also be placed in the mortar bed between courses. Grout
typically conforms to ASTM C-476 and has a compressive
strength of at least 2,000 psi. Concrete masonry units have a
compressive strength which may range from 1,250 to over 4,800
psi, although the maximum specified compressive strength of the
assembled masonry will generally not exceed 3,000 psi. In general, both chemical and mechanical anchors may be used in
grouted CMU. If voids are present or suspected, mechanical
anchors should not be used, and chemical anchors should only
be installed in conjunction with a screen tube to prevent uncontrolled flow of the bonding material. In ungrouted CMU, anchor
strength is generally assumed to be derived from the face shell
thickness, which can be variable.
Clay tile as a base material is somewhat more difficult to anchor
to due to the thin face shell and low compressive strength.
Adhesive anchors such as the Hilti HIT HY20 with a wire screen
are usually recommended because they spread the load over a
larger area and do not produce expansion forces.
3
©NJATC
Fastening Technology–General Information
2.1
Base Materials
2.1.3.4 MORTAR
Mortar is the product which is used in the construction of reinforced and non-reinforced unit masonry structures. Mortar consists of a mixture of cemetitious material, aggregate and water
combined in accordance with ASTM specification C270. Either
a cement/lime mortar or a masonry mortar, each in four types,
can be used under this specification. A summary of properties
and guide for selection according to ASTM specification are
shown in the tables.
Mortar
Cement-Lime
Masonry Cement
Type
M
S
N
O
M
S
N
O
Average Compressive
Strength at 28 Days,
Min. psi (MPa)
2500
1800
750
350
2500
1800
750
350
(17.2)
(12.4)
(5.2)
(2.4)
(17.2)
(12.4)
(5.2)
(2.4)
2.1.4 GYPSUM WALLBOARD
joist in residential and commercial buildings to form the base
for the finished wall or ceiling treatment.
Gypsum wallboard consists of an incombustible core, essentially gypsum, surfaced with paper firmly bonded to the core. It is
typically made in flat sheets four feet by eight feet or larger, and
from 1/4" to 5/8" thick in accordance with ASTM specification
C36.
Gypsum wallboard does not have the capacity to accept high
loads. Hilti offers several small anchors designed strictly for use
in wallboard.
Gypsum wallboard is attached to the wall studs and ceiling
2.1.5 AUTOCLAVE AERATED CONCRETE
Precast autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) is a lightweight, precast building material of a uniform porous structure. AAC is made
by combining sand, lime, cement, water and an expansion agent,
which forms a porous microstructure in the concrete. After mixing, the slurry is poured into a mold and allowed to “rise”. During
this expansion process, millions of small, finely dispersed air
pockets are formed in the AAC. The product is removed from its
mold after a few hours and fed through a cutting machine, which
sections the AAC into predetermined sizes. Reinforcing is
achieved with corrosion protected steel. These AAC products are
then placed into an autoclave and steam cured for 10 to 12
hours. Autoclaving initiates a second chemical reaction that transforms the material into a hard calcium silicate. AAC was developed in Europe and is currently being manufactured in the United
States by licensed facilities.
Average
Comprssive
Strength, psi (N/mm2)
Average
Density
lb/ft3 (kg/dm)
AAC 2.5 (G2)
360 (2.5)
32 (0.5)
AAC 5.0 (G4)
725 (5.0)
38 (0.6)
AAC 7.5 (G6)
1090 (7.5)
44 (0.7)
Strength
Class
Due to the low compressive strength of AAC, anchors that
spread the load over the entire embedded section are preferred
(eg. HUD, HRD, adhesives).
2.1.6 STEEL
The grade of steel is very important when selecting a power actuated fastener. The grade and thickness determine the resistance
that must be overcome when setting the fastener. The power
required to drive a fastener must be greater than the resistance.
If the power and resistance are too high, the fastener could be
damaged during the setting process. This is referred to as
exceeding the application range for the fastener. For a given fastener, the application range is determined by its length, diameter,
material strength and hardness.
Structural steel is a critical building component which serves as
the main structural support in many structures. Iron ore is
processed and combined with other elements to produce different types of steel. The types of structural steel are covered by an
ASTM standard. Reference to a particular type of steel is usually
made by giving its ASTM standard. For example, ASTM A36 is
the specification for what is usually referred to as A36 steel. Steel
is hot-rolled into structural shapes that are available in different
grades, with the grade corresponding to the yield strength. The
most common grade is ASTM A36, which has a yield strength of
36 ksi. Another common grade of structural steel is ASTM A572,
which is available in grades 42, 45, 50, 55, 60 and 65.
4
©NJATC
Fastening Technology–General Information
Corrosion
2.3
2.3.1. THE CORROSION PROCESS
In broad terms corrosion has been defined as the destructive alteration of a substance (usually a metal) because of a reaction with its
environment. The corrosion process is very complex and has many aspects, all of which lead to the same destructive result. In the
design of anchors and fasteners the most common types of corrosion are direct chemical attack and electrochemical reaction.
2.3.2 DIRECT CHEMICAL ATTACK
Corrosion by direct chemical attack occurs when the base material is soluble in the corroding medium. One solution for this type of
corrosion is to select an anchor or fastener material which is not susceptible to attack by the corroding chemical. Many books present compatibility tables which provide a guide for selecting the proper materials.
When selecting a base metal which is compatible with the corroding medium is not possible or economical, another solution is to provide
a coating which is resistant to the corroding medium. These might include metallic coatings such as zinc or cadmium or organic coatings
such as epoxies or fluorocarbons.
Galvanic Series of Metals and Alloys
2.3.3 ELECTRO-CHEMICAL CORROSION
All metals have an electrical potential relative to each other and have
been ranked, accordingly, to form the “electromotive force series”
or “galvanic series” of metals. When metals of different potential
contact in the presence of an electrolyte, the more active metal
(more negative potential) becomes the anode and corrodes, while
the other metal becomes the cathode and is galvanically protected.
The severity and rate of attack will be influenced by the relative
position of the contacting metals in the galvanic series, the
relative area of the contacting metals, and the conductivity of
the electrolyte.
For anchoring and fastening applications, galvanic corrosion
can be reduced by:
1. Using similar metals or metals close together in the
electromotive force series
2. Separating dissimilar metals with non-conductive gaskets,
plastic washers or paint
3. Selecting materials so that the anchor or fastener is
the cathode
4. Providing drainage to prevent entrapment of the electrolyte
2.3.4 CORROSION PROTECTION
The most common type of corrosion protection for carbon steel
fasteners and anchors is zinc. Zinc coatings can be uniformly
applied by a variety of methods to achieve a wide range of coating thicknesses. As a rule, thicker coatings provide a higher level
of protection.
Based on research by ASTM and other organizations the estimated mean corrosion rate for zinc coatings in various atmospheres is
shown in the table. These values are for reference only, due to the
large variances in the research findings and specific site conditions.
Zinc coatings can be applied to anchors and fasteners by different
methods. Applicable ASTM specifications are as follows:
ASTM B633
ASTM B695
ASTM A153
This specification covers electrodeposited (electroplated) zinc coatings applied to iron or steel products.
This specification covers mechanically deposited
zinc coatings applied to iron or steel products.
This specification covers zinc coatings applied by
the hot-dip process on iron and steel products.
5
Corroded End (anodic, or least noble)
Magnesium
Magnesium alloys
Zinc
Aluminum 1100
Cadmium
Aluminum 2024-T4
Steel or Iron
Cast Iron
Chromium-iron (active)
Ni-Resist cast iron
Type 304 Stainless (active)
Type 316 Stainless (active)
Lead tin solders
Lead
Tin
Nickel (active)
Inconel nickel-chromium alloy (active)
Hastelloy Alloy C (active)
Brasses
Bronzes
Monel nickel-copper alloy
Copper
Copper-nickel alloys
Silver solder
Nickel (passive)
Inconel nickel-chromium alloy (passive)
Chromium-iron (passive)
Type 304 Stainless (passive)
Type 316 Stainless (passive)
Hastelloy Alloy C (passive)
Silver
Titanium
Platinum
Graphite
Gold
Protected End (cathodic, or most noble)
Atmosphere
Industrial
Urban Non-Industrial
or Marine
Suburban
Rural
Indoors
Mean Corrosion Rate
5.6 µm/year
1.5 µm/year
1.3 µm/year
0.8 µm/year
Considerably less
than 0.5 µm/year
©NJATC
Anchoring Systems
4.1.1
Anchor Terminology
= Tensile stress area
s
= Actual spacing
c
= Actual edge distance
scr
= Minimum spacing to obtain maximum
ccr
= Minimum edge distance to obtain maximum
As
fastener capacity
smin = Minimum fastener spacing to preclude failure
fastener capacity
during setting or torquing of the anchor
cmin = Minimum fastener edge distance to preclude failure
t
during setting or torquing of the anchor
= Thickness of material being fastened
d
= Shank diameter
Tinst = Recommended installation torque
dbit
= Nominal bit diameter
Tmax = Maximum tightening torque
dh
= Diameter of clearance hole in plate; expansion sleeve
V
= Shear load
Vall
= Allowable shear load from load tables
dnom = Nominal fastener diameter
Vd
= Design shear load
do
= Outside fastener diameter
Vrec = Recommended shear load (allowable load x
dw
= Washer diameter
F
= Load
fA
= Load adjustment factor for anchor spacing
fAN
= Tension load adjustment factor for anchor spacing
fAV
= Shear load adjustment factor for anchor spacing
fc
= Actual concrete strength
f'c
= Specified concrete strength
fR
= Load adjustment factor for edge distance
fRN
= Tension load adjustment factor for edge distance
fRV
= Shear load adjustment factor for edge distance
h
= Thickness of base material
hef
= Actual depth of embedment
clearance hole
influence factors)
hmin = Minimum depth of embedment
hn
= Thickness of nut and washer
hnom = Standard depth of embedment
ho
= Hole depth of full cross section
h1
= Hole depth to deepest point
= Anchor length
th
= Useable thread length
M
= Bending moment
N
= Tensile load
Nall
= Allowable tensile load from load tables
Nd
= Design tensile load
Nrec = Recommended tensile load (allowable load x
influence factors)
6
©NJATC
Anchoring Systems
Anchor Principles/Design Considerations
4.1.2.1 ANCHOR WORKING PRINCIPLES
4.1.3.2 ANCHOR FASTENING DESIGN AND
INFLUENCING FACTORS
There are three basic working principles by which an anchor
develops its “holding” power in concrete: friction, keying, and
bonding.
Friction: The tensile load, N, is transferred to the base material by friction,
Ffr. An expansion force Fexp is necessary for this to take place. It is produced, for example, by driving an
expansion plug into an HDI anchor.
Keying: The tensile load, N, is
in equilibrium with the bearing
forces, Fb, acting on the base
material, such as with the HDA
undercut anchor.
4.1.2 / 4.1.3
The primary factors that directly affect the load-carrying capacity
of anchors are embedment depth, edge distance, spacing
between anchors and concrete strength. Testing is performed in
different concrete strengths and embedments to develop tables
of ultimate and allowable load capacities for most common
installation conditions. They are presented in this Product
Technical Guide. Intermediate load values for other concrete
strengths and embedments can be calculated by linear interpolation. Edge distance and spacing influences are given as load
reduction factors for use in obtaining recommended load capacities using Eq. 4.1.3.1.
N
Fb
N
Frec = Fall • fR • fA
Fb
=
the resulting recommended load after
influencing factors have been applied
to the allowable load
Fall
=
the allowable tension or shear load value
from the product data tables
fR
=
the edge distance influencing factor from
the appropriate table or calculated from
the related equations
fA
=
the spacing influencing factor from the
appropriate table or calculated from the
related equations
Where: Frec
Bonding: A synthetic resin fills the
annular space around the anchor
N
and provides adhesive bonding to
the anchor rod and the wall of the
drilled hole. Transfer of the tensile
load, N, takes place through shear stresses, , into the concrete.
Combination of Working Principles: Anchors may derive their
holding power through a combination of these working principles.
In an expansion anchor, for example, an expansion force is
exerted by an anchor against the wall of the hole as a result of
the displacement of a cone relative to a sleeve. This causes the
longitudinal force to be transmitted from the anchor to the concrete by friction. At the same time, the expansion force causes a
permanent local deformation of the concrete. This allows a keying of the sleeve into the base material, giving a second method
of holding power.
Eq. 4.1.3.1
If there is more than one influencing factor, a reduction factor is
applied for each influencing condition, that is,
fR1 • fR2 • . . . fA1 • fA2 • . . . • fAn.
4.1.3.2.1 INFLUENCE OF EDGE DISTANCE
For adhesive anchors, there is, in addition to the bonding, a
local keying as the adhesive infiltrates into any pores of the
base material.
If anchors are installed near a building component edge, there
may be a reduced volume of concrete to resist the anchor load.
The closest point near an edge at which there is no influence or
reduction on the anchor capacity is called the critical edge distance, ccr. For edge distances less than the critical edge distance, reduction factors are to be applied to obtain the reduced
structural resistance. The minimum edge distance, cmin, is
defined as the minimum edge distance at which an anchor can
be properly installed and the specified torque applied without a
concrete edge failure. Reductions for edge distances between
ccr and cmin are calculated using linear interpolation. The anchor
technical data gives the edge distance adjustment factors by
table, by equation and by graph. The adjustment factors for
shear, fRV, and tension, fRN, are given separately where they are
different. Once the type of loading, embedment depth and edge
distance are known, the appropriate influencing factor can be
determined from either the tables, equations or graphs for the
type of anchor under consideration. The graphs are determined
from the equations given under the tables.
4.1.3.1 ANCHOR BEHAVIOR—FAILURE
MODES
The weakest aspect of the anchoring system determines the failure mode. The failure mode depends on the type of anchor, concrete strength, depth of embedment, type of loading, loading
direction, edge distance and spacing between anchors. For
mechanical anchors the failure modes under tension loading are
steel breakage, concrete cone failure, concrete splitting, edge
breakout or pullout (including any expansion sleeve), or pullthrough (whereby the anchor shaft pulls through the expansion
mechanism). For adhesive-bonded anchors the failure mode is
bond failure along the concrete/adhesive interface or along the
adhesive/anchor rod bond line. Many times a shallow concrete
cone accompanies the bond failure, but this secondary failure
mode and is not controlling. For shallow embedments, adhesive
anchors may fail with a concrete cone breakout. In shear for both
mechanical and adhesive anchors, the failure modes are steel
breakage, back pryout of the anchor or group of anchors (usually
with smaller embedments) or edge breakout.
Where there is more than one edge influencing the anchor, each
edge will contribute an adjustment factor, and they are multiplied
together. For example, for three edges, fR = fR1 • fR2 • fR3 . See
section 4.1.3.4 for an example using reduction factors.
7
©NJATC
Anchoring Systems
4.1.3
Anchor Design Considerations
4.1.3.2.2 INFLUENCE OF MULTIPLE
ANCHORS
(Nd/Nrec)n + (Vd/Vrec)n ≤ 1.0
If two or more anchors are in close proximity, then a spacing
adjustment factor is to be taken into account. Critical spacing,
scr, is defined as the minimum centerline-to centerline anchor
spacing at which there is no influence on load capacity.
Minimum spacing, smin, is defined as the smallest spacing at
which an anchor can be installed and torqued to the specified
torque without causing a failure. For anchors with spacing
between the critical spacing and minimum spacing, adjustment
factors are calculated using linear interpolation. The adjustment factors are given in the anchor technical data. The data
is presented by table, by equation and by graph. Once the
spacing to each influencing anchor is known, the influencing
factor for each anchor can be determined. The graphs are
determined from the equations given under the tables.
n = 1 straight line
Where an anchor is being influenced by more than one anchor,
each influencing anchor will contribute an adjustment factor,
and they are multiplied together. For example, for an anchor
influenced by three other anchors, fA = fA1 • fA2 • fA3 . See section 4.1.3.4 for an example using reduction factors.
4.1.3.3 ANCHOR LOADING
The type of anchor loads
and their position play an
important role in the selection of the proper anchor for
an application. Both shear
and tension values for
various concrete strengths
are provided in this manual.
These must be carefully
matched to the design
requirements to develop a
safe and serviceable
connection.
n = 5/3 parabolic
A straight line assumption is
nearly always conservative.
Use of parabolic relationships
should be supported by testing with oblique loading.
0.8
Tension Ratio, Nd
Nrec
where:
1.0
Parabolic
0.6
0.4
Straight Line
0.2
0
0.2
4.1.3.3.2 BENDING MOMENT
0.4
0.6
0.8
Shear Ratio, Vd
Vrec
1.0
Anchors subjected to ultimate shear loads will cause the base
material (concrete, masonry) near the surface to crush or spall.
This loss of bearing support in turn increases the secondary
bending moment in the
anchor body. In the
absence of other guidance, the resultant
reduced shear capacity
of the anchor may be
evaluated as follows:
Vred = M · M/L ≤ Vrec
Nd = Design tension load
Vd = Design shear load
Nrec = Recommended
tension load
Vrec = Recommended
shear load
4.1.3.3.1 COMBINED LOADING
A wide variety of interaction equations have been developed to
represent the capacity of anchors loaded simultaneously in tension and shear. Where the capacity of the steel parts (threaded
rod, bolts, etc.) controls, the usual interaction relationships
used in the design of steel structures are valid, with due
account given to secondary bending effects (see Sect.
4.1.3.3.2). Test data for obliquely loaded anchors will typically
include a mix of steel and concrete failures. As such, predictive
relationships for interaction are typically based on a fairly wide
data scatter. Two of the more common relationships in use,
straight line and parabolic, take the form shown below:
Where:
M = factor to account for rotational restraint, take as 1.0
for free cantilever
M = anchor moment capacity = (0.6 S fy)(1-Nd/Nrec)
L = bending lever arm = z + (n · danchor);
n = 1 (Static)
n = 3 (dynamic)
S = elastic section modulus of stressed anchor section
4.1.3.3.3 INCREASE IN CAPACITY FOR
SHORT TERM LOADING
Some building codes have allowed a capacity increase of 1/3
when used in conjunction with short-term loading, such as
wind and seismic. The origin of the 1/3 increase is unclear, but
is generally assumed to cover two loading conditions: 1) consideration of strain-rate effects, whereby the capacity of a
material is able to resist higher transitory stresses and 2) the
lower probability of permanent and transitory loads acting
simultaneously.
While Hilti does not include any 1/3 increase in published
capacities for anchors in concrete, there is nothing inherently
improper with using a 1/3 increase. It is the responsibility of
the responsible designer to determine the appropriateness of
such a capacity increase under the applicable code.
For power-driven fasteners, Hilti does not recommend the use
of a 1/3 capacity increase. For decking applications the 1/3
increase is not appropriate for decking methodologies utilizing
wind as the primary loading.
8
©NJATC
Anchoring Systems
HSL Heavy Duty Sleeve Anchor
4.3.2
4.3.2.3 TECHNICAL DATA
HSL Specification Table
HSL Anchor Thread Diameter (mm)
Details
8
8
10
10
12
12 16 16
20
20
24
24
dbit: nominal bit dia.1
mm
12
15
18
24
28
32
h1:
mm
(in.)
75
(3)
85
(33/8)
100
(4)
125
(5)
150
(6)
175
(7)
hnom: min. depth of
embedment
mm
(in.)
65
(29/16)
75
(3)
80
(33/16)
105
(41/8)
130
(51/8)
155
(61/8)
t:
max. thickness
fastened
mm 20 40 20 40 25
(in.) (3/4) (11/2) (3/4) (11/2) (1)
:
anchor length
mm 95 115 107 127 120 145 148 173 183 213 205 235
(in.) (33/4) (41/2) (41/4) (5) (43/4) (53/4) (53/4) (63/4) (71/4) (83/8) (8) (91/4)
hole depth
hn: head height
+ washer
50
(2)
25
(1)
50 30 60 30 60
(2) (11/8) (21/4) (11/8) (21/4)
mm
(in.)
7.5
(5/16)
10
(3/8)
11
(7/16)
14
(9/16)
17
(11/16)
19
(3/4)
Tmax: max. tightening
torque
Nm
(ft lb)
25
(20)
55
(40)
80
(60)
200
(150)
400
(300)
710
(525)
max. gap2
mm
(in.)
4
(3/16)
5
(3/16)
8
(5/16)
9
(3/8)
12
(1/2)
16
(5/8)
36
wrench
HSL/HSLG
13
17
19
24
30
HSLB
—
—
24
30
36
41
size (mm)
dh: clearance hole
mm
(in.)
14-15
(9/16)
17-18
(11/16)
20-21
(13/16)
26-28
(11/8)
31-33
(15/16)
35-37
(17/16)
dw: washer dia.
mm
(in.)
20
(3/4)
25
(1)
30
(13/16)
40
(19/16)
45
(13/4)
50
(115/16)
h:
mm
(in.)
120
(43/4)
140
(51/2)
160
(61/4)
180
(7)
220
(83/4)
270
(103/4)
min. base material
thickness
1. For Hilti matched tolerance carbide tipped drill bits, see section 10.4.1.
2. For pull-down of parts to be fastened.
Combined Shear and Tension Loading
≤ 1.0
(Ref. Section 4.1.3)
Dynamic Loading
The HSL anchor has been tested under shock, seismic and fatigue (2 x 106 cycles) loading conditions.
Contact your Hilti Field Engineer for additional information.
Metric Ruler
Inches
0
0
1
10
20
2
30
40
50
3
60
70
4
80
90
100
5
110
120
130
6
140
150
7
160
170
180
Millimeters
9
©NJATC
Anchoring Systems
HSL Heavy Duty Sleeve Anchor
4.3.2
4.3.2.4 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
1. Drill a hole with the prescribed Hilti metric bit.
Note: the HSL can be installed in a
bottomless hole.
2. Clean the hole using compressed air.
SETTING INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE HSL-I M12
1. Drill an 18mm hole to an embedment depth of
90mm (3 1/2") with a Hilti metric bit (Item
#28002 TE-C+ 18/22 BIT) or Hilti Matched
Tolerance diamond core bit (Item #239908)
with BI connector for DD100.
2. Clean the hole using a Hilti Blow Out Pump
(Item #60579) or compressed air with a
nozzle (Item #63964) to reach the bottom
of the hole.
3. Using a hammer, tap the preassembled anchor
through the object being anchored and into the hole.
The anchor should be seated firmly against the
base plate.
Note: Do not expand the anchor by hand
before tapping it into the hole.
5. Tighten bolt or nut to the specified torque,
using a torque wrench.
Note: When using an HSLB anchor, no torque
wrench is required. The torque cap shears off
at the appropriate torque value.
3. Use a hammer to tap the anchor flush with the
concrete (do not install the threaded rod). Insert
the blade of the red handle setting tool into the
anchor and engage the blade into the slot of the
anchor. Tap the setting tool with a hammer until
flush with the concrete. (If there is no setting
tool available, a standard punch can be used.
Use the punch and hammer to tap the anchor
into the hole until the top of the anchor is 6mm
(1/4") below the surface of the concrete.)
4. Turn the setting tool clockwise until snug.
(A screwdriver can be used if a setting tool
is unavailable.)
5. A. Installations with equipment or base plates: Install
equipment or base plate over the anchor. Insert the thread
ed rod through the base plate or equipment into the anchor
a minimum of four full threads. Place washer and torque
nut on the threaded rod and hand tighten. Use a box end or
socket wrench to tighten the torque nut until the torque nut
shears off. Caution - The torque nut shears off suddenly - Gloves are recommended. The torque nut shears off
at approximately 60 ft-lbs.
B. Installations with stand-off connections such as
raised computer floors: Insert the threaded rod into the set
anchor a minimum of four full threads. Place washer and
torque nut on the threaded rod and hand tighten against the
concrete. Use a box end wrench to tighten the torque nut until
the torque nut shears off. Caution-The torque nut shears off
suddenly-Gloves are recommended. The torque nut shears
off at approximately 60 ft-lbs. Complete the stand-off connection using two metric 12mm nuts and washers to clamp the
apparatus at the correct stand-off height.
4.3.2.5 ORDERING INFORMATION
HSL Bolt Version
HSLB Torque Cap Version
Description
Item No.
Box Quantity
HSL M 8/20
HSL M 8/40
HSL M 10/20
HSL M 10/40
HSL M 12/25
HSL M 12/50
HSL M 16/25
HSL M 16/50
HSL M 20/30
HSL M 20/60
HSL M 24/30
HSL M 24/60
00066573
00066575
00066576
00066578
00066592
00066593
00066594
00066595
00066596
00066597
00260383
00260384
40
40
20
20
20
20
10
10
6
6
4
4
HSLG-N Stud Anchor Version
Description
Item No.
Box Quantity
HSLG-N M 8/20
HSLG-N M 10/20
HSLG-N M 12/25
HSLG-N M 12/50
HSLG-N M 16/25
HSLG-N M 16/50
HSLG-N M 20/30
HSLG-N M 20/60
00068411
00068425
00068439
00068440
00068452
00068453
00068465
00068467
40
20
20
20
10
10
6
6
Description
Item No.
Box Quantity
HSLB M 12/6
HSLB M 12/25
HSLB M 12/50
HSLB M 16/6
HSLB M 16/25
HSLB M 16/50
HSLB M 20/30
HSLB M 20/30
HSLB M 24/30
HSLB M 24/60
00045706
00067400
00067401
00045707
00067402
00067403
00067404
00067405
00260385
00260386
20
20
20
10
10
10
6
6
4
4
HSLG-R Stainless Steel Anchor
Material: Stainless Steel AISI 316
Description
Item No.
Box Quantity
HSLG-R M 10/20
HSLG-R M 12/25
HSLG-R M 16/25
HSLG-R M 20/30
00067922
00067924
00067926
00067928
20
20
10
6
HSL-I Internally Threaded Version
Description
Item No.
Box Quantity
HSL-I M 12/40
00217174
20
10
©NJATC
Anchoring Systems
Kwik Bolt II Expansion Anchor
4.3.3.1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
4.3.3
Nut
Washer
Collar
Wedge Dimple
Wedges
Expansion Cone
The Kwik Bolt II is a stud type expansion anchor with a single
piece wedge that performs as three independent wedges if
necessary to provide consistent performance in a wide variety
of medium-duty applications. Applicable base materials include
concrete, lightweight concrete and grout-filled block.
Impact Section
(Dog Point)
Product Features
Anchor Body
• Mechanical expansion allows immediate load application
• Can be installed in bottomless hole, which allows the
anchor to be driven flush with the surface after use.
Eliminates cutting bolt heads.
• Can be installed through the fixture, improving productivity
• Comprehensive product offering includes many head
styles, sizes, carbon steel and stainless steel materials for
a variety of applications
• Impact section (Dog Point) prevents thread damage
during installation
• Independent 3-piece wedge with dimples help prevent
anchor from spinning during installation
• Length identification code facilitates quality control &
inspection after installation
• Anchor size is same as drill bit size for easy installation
• Comprehensive performance testing to provide high &
consistent performance in concrete, light-weight concrete
& grout filled block base materials
Guide Specifications
Expansion Anchors
Expansion anchors shall be stud type with a single piece three section wedge and zinc plated in accordance with
ASTM B633. The anchors must meet the description in Federal Specification FF-S-325, Group II, Type 4, Class I for
concrete expansion anchors. Anchors shall be Hilti Kwik Bolt II as supplied by Hilti, Inc., P.O. Box 21148, Tulsa, OK
74121.
Installation
Anchors to be installed in holes drilled with Hilti carbide tipped drill bits or matched tolerance diamond core bits.
Anchors shall be installed per manufacturer’s recommendations.
Listings/Approvals
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Underwriters Laboratory No. 203 “Pipe Hangers” (3/8"-3/4" diameters)
International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO ES): Evaluation Report No. 4627, KB II
International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO ES): Evaluation Report No. 5224, HCKB
Southern Building Code Congress (SBCCI): Report No. 9930
City of Los Angeles (COLA): Research Report No. 24946
Conforms to the description in Federal Specification FF-S-325, Group II, Type 4, Class 1
Factory Mutual (FM) KB II 3/8" x 2 1/4" w/Rod Coupler
Metro-Dade County Approval 98-0901.13
4.3.3.2 MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS
Carbon Steel KB II studs conform to ASTM A510 with chemical composition of AISI 1038 except
countersunk KB II, KB 3/4" x 12", KB II 1" x 6", KB II 1" x 9" and KB II 1" x 12" which conform to
ASTM A108 with chemical composition of AISI 11L41
Wedges are manufactured from AISI 1010 carbon steel, except KB II 3/4" x 12", KB II 1" x 6",
KB II 1" x 9" and KB II 1" x 12" wedges which conform to chemical composition of AISI 304
Nuts are carbon steel conforming to ASTM A563 Grade A and meet dimensional requirements
of ANSI B18.2.2
Washers are carbon steel conforming to SAE 1005-1033 and meet dimensional requirements
of ANSI 18.22.1 Type A Plain
All carbon steel parts are zinc plated in accordance with ASTM B633, Type III Fe/Zn 5
Stainless Steel KB II studs conform to ASTM A276 or ASTM A493 with chemical composition of
either AISI 304 or 316 1/4" thru 9/16"
over 9/16"
Stainless steel wedges are of the same material grade as bolts or superior.
Nuts are stainless steel conforming to ASTM F594 with chemical composition of either AISI 304 or 316
and meeting dimensional requirements of ANSI B18.2.2 to conform with stud material
Washers are AISI 304 or 316 stainless steel conforming to ASTM A240 to conform with stud material
Note: Special Order KB II’s, nuts and washers may vary from standard materials.
11
MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
fy
min. fu
ksi (MPa)
ksi (MPa)
41 (282)
75 (517)
75 (517)
90 (620)
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
76 (524)
64 (441)
90 (620)
76 (524)
©NJATC
Anchoring Systems
Kwik Bolt II Expansion Anchor
4.3.3
Countersunk Kwik Bolt II Installation Instructions
1. Drill
2. Clean
6. Tighten
5. Tap-in again
4. Loosen
screw 2
full
turns
3. Thread
Post Nut
completely
onto
anchor.
Tap into
hole
Kwik Bolt II Rod Coupling Installation Instructions
1. Drill
3. Tap-in
2. Clean
4. Tighten
Hilti Ceiling Kwik Bolt (HCKB) Installation Instructions
1. Drill
3. Pry downward
2. Tap-in
12
4. Secure
©NJATC
Anchoring Systems
4.3.3
Kwik Bolt II Expansion Anchor
4.3.3.5 ORDERING INFORMATION
Stud Version
Stud Version—Extra Thread
Countersunk Version
Rod Coupling
HCKB
Hilti Tamper Proof Nuts (HTN)
Fits Bolt Size in.
Embedment
Item No.
Box Quantity
Use With
38 HTN
Description
3/8
All
00071689
50
All 3/8" HKBII
Torque ft-lb
23
12 HTN-M
1/2
≥ hmin
00071690
50
1/2" HKBII
40
12 HTN-SD
1/2
≥ hnom
00071691
50
1/2" HKBII
65
12 HTN-CSM
1/2
≥ hmin
00248311
50
1/2" HKBII
65
58 HTN-SD
5/8
≥ hnom
00071699
25
5/8" HKBII
110
HTN Removal Tool
Description
Item No.
For HTN Size
HTN Removal Tool 38
HTN Removal Tool 1258
00070973
00260212
1/2& 5/8
3/8
Standard
13
Conical
©NJATC
Anchoring Systems
HDI / HDI-L Drop-In Anchor
4.3.5
4.3.4.1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
The Hilti HDI/HDI-L Drop-In anchor is an internally threaded,
flush mounted expansion anchor for use in concrete.
Product Features
HDI
• Anchor, setting tool & Hilti drill bit
form a matched tolerance
system to provide reliable
fastenings
• Below surface setting for easy
patchwork
• Allows for shallow embedment
without sacrificing performance
HDI-L
• Lip provides flush installation,
consistent anchor depth, and
easy rod alignment
• Lip allows accurate flush surface
setting, independent of hole
depth & ideal for repetitive
fastenings with threaded rods
of equal length
• Intelligent expansion section
adapts to the base material &
reduces number of hammer
blows up to 50%
• Easy to read brand & size
identification (red laser print)
Guide Specifications
Expansion Anchors: Expansion anchors shall be flush or shell type which meet the description in Federal Specification FF-S-325,
Group VIII, Type 1, for expansion shield anchors. Anchors to be zinc plated in accordance with ASTM B633,
Sc. 1, Type III. Anchors shall be Hilti HDI/HDI-L anchors as supplied by Hilti, Inc., P.O. Box 21148, Tulsa, OK
74121.
Installation:
Shell or flush type anchors to be installed in holes drilled with Hilti carbide tipped drill bits. Anchors shall be
installed per manufacturer’s recommendations.
Approvals/Listings
•
•
•
•
•
•
City of Los Angeles (COLA): Research Report No. 23709 (HDI Only)
Factory Mutual (FM): Serial No. 22765 “Sprinkler Hangar Components—Expansion Shields.” (HDI and HDI-L)
Conforms to the description in Federal Specification FF-S-325, Group VIII, Type 1 for expansion shield anchors. (HDI and HDI-L)
Underwriters Laboratory (UL), “Pipe Hangers” (3/8"–3/4" diameter) (HDI and HDI-L)
MECHANICAL
International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO ES): Evaluation Report No. 2895 (HDI Only)
PROPERTIES
Southern Building Code Congress (SBCCI): Report No. 9930 (HDI Only)
fy
min. fu
ksi (MPa)
ksi (MPa)
4.3.5.2 MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS
HDI/HDI-L Carbon Steel material meets the requirements of AISI 1010M for the 1/4", 3/8" & 1/2”
HDI Carbon Steel material meets the requirements of AISI 12L14 for the 5/8” and 3/4” sizes
HDI Stainless Steel material meets the requirements of AISI 303
Carbon Steel HDI/HDI-L plated with a dull zinc finish for corrosion protection in accordance with
ASTM B633, Sc. 1, Type III
44 (303)
53 (365)
60 (415)
78 (540)
60 (414)
100 (689)
4.3.5.3 TECHNICAL DATA
HDI/HDI-L Specification Table
HDI/HDI-L HDI/HDI-L HDI/HDI-L
Anchor Size
Details
dbit: bit diameter1
hnom: std. depth of embed.
: anchor length
h1: hole depth
th: useable thread
length
Threads per in.
h: min. base material
thickness
Tinst: max. tightening
torque
in.
(mm)
in.
in.
(mm)
in.
(mm)
in.
(mm)
ft lb
(Nm)
/4
1
/8
3
/2
1
HDI
/8
5
HDI
/4
3
(6.4)
3
/8
1
(25)
(9.5)
1
/2
19/16
(40)
(12.7)
5
/8
2
(51)
(15.9)
27
/32
29/16
(65)
(19.1)
1
33/16
(81)
/16
(11)
20
3
(76)
4
(5.4)
/8
(15)
16
31/8
(79)
11
(14.9)
/16
(17)
13
4
(102)
22
(29.8)
/8
(22)
11
51/8
(130)
37
(50.2)
13/8
(34)
10
63/8
(162)
80
(108.5)
7
5
11
7
Combined Shear and
Tension Loading
≤ 10
(Ref. Section 4.1.3)
1. For Hilti matched tolerance carbide tipped drill bits, see section 10.4.1.
14
©NJATC
Anchoring Systems
4.3.5
HDI / HDI-L Drop-In Anchor
4.3.5.4 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
1. Adjust depth gauge so that
anchor will be flush with
the concrete surface when
installed.
2. Hammer drill hole.
3. Clean hole.
4. Install anchor using proper setting tool. Setting tool to be driven into anchor until setting tool
shoulder meets top of anchor.
4.3.5.5 ORDERING INFORMATION
HDI Products
Anchor
Thread Size
1/4”
Carbon Steel
Stainless Steel
Quantity
per Box
Description
HDI 1/4
Item No.
00045752
Description
HDI-L 1/4
Item No.
247818
Description
HDI (SS 303) 1/4
Item No.
00045787
3/8”
HDI 3/8
00045753
HDI-L 3/8
247817
HDI (SS 303) 3/8
00045788
50
1/2”
HDI 1/2
00045754
HDI-L 1/2
247816
HDI (SS 303) 1/2
00045789
50
5/8”
HDI 5/8
00045755
-
-
HDI (SS 303) 5/8
00045790
25
3/4”
HDI 3/4
00045756
-
-
HDI (SS 303) 3/4
00045791
25
100
Setting Tools for HDI / HDI-L Anchors
Anchor
Thread Size
1/4”
Hand Setting Tools
Description
HST
HST 3/8 Setting Tool
00032978
00032979
Description
—
HSD-MM 3/8”
(TE-C-24SD10 3/8” Setting tool)
1/2”
HST 1/2 Setting Tool
00032980
HSD-MM 1/2”
(TE-C-24SD12 1/2” Setting tool)
5/8”
HST 5/8 Setting Tool
00032981
—
3/4”
HST 3/4 Setting Tool
00032982
—
1. Use automatic setting tools with TE-5, TE-5A, TE-15, TE-18, and TE-25 rotary hammer drills.
3/8”
1/4 Setting Tool
Automatic Setting Tools 1
Item No.
15
Item No.
—
00243751
00243752
—
—
©NJATC
Anchoring Systems
HLC Sleeve Anchor
4.3.7
4.3.7.1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
Hilti Sleeve Anchors are mechanical expansion bolts consisting
of an externally threaded stud with a full length expanding
sleeve for use in hollow and solid concrete and masonry
base materials.
Round Head Slotted (RS)
Acorn Nut (AC)
Bolt Head (H)
304SS Sleeve Anchors
Flat Phillips Head (FPH)
Rod Coupling (RC)
Product Features
• Stud bolt type anchor design allows easy through-type
fastenings & can be set in bottomless hole
• Pre-assembled anchor ensures easy & fast installation
• Anchor size is same as drill bit size for easy installation
• Variety of head styles, lengths & sizes allow for versatile
applications
• Comprehensive testing to provide high performance in
block, masonry & concrete base materials
Hex Nut (HX)
• Bulged middle section with round & diamond shaped
openings helps prevent the anchors from spinning in the hole
or dropping out when setting it overhead
Guide Specifications
Expansion Anchors: Expansion anchors shall be flush or shell type which meet the description in Federal Specification FF-S-325,
Group II, Type 3, Class 3 for expansion shield anchors. Anchors to be zinc plated in accordance with ASTM
B633, Sc. 1, Type III. Anchors shall be Hilti sleeve anchors as supplied by Hilti, Inc., P.O. Box 21148, Tulsa,
OK 74121.
Installation:
Sleeve type anchors to be installed in holes drilled with Hilti carbide tipped drill bits. Anchors shall be installed
per manufacturer’s recommendations.
Approvals/Listings
Listings
• Underwriters Laboratory, UL Standard No. 203 (1/2", 5/8", 3/4")
4.3.7.2 MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS
Carbon steel anchor studs meet the requirements for AISI 1010 or 1018 steel
Carbon steel sleeves and spacers are manufactured from cold rolled steel
Carbon steel anchors are zinc plated to minimum 5 µm thickness in accordance with ASTM B633, Sc. 1, Type III
Stainless steel anchor material (stud, sleeve, nuts and washers) meet the requirements for AISI 304 stainless steel
4.3.7.3 TECHNICAL DATA
Sleeve Anchor Specification Table
Anchor Size,
in.
(mm)
Details
/4
1
(6.4)
/16
5
(7.9)
/8
3
(9.5)
/2
1
(12.7)
/8
5
(15.9)
/4
3
(19.1)
Combined Shear and
Tension Loading
d:
shank diameter1,
in.
3
dbit:
bit diameter,
in.
1
/4
Nd
hmin:
min. depth of embed.,
in.
(mm)
1
(25)
1
(25)
11/4
(32)
11/2
(38)
2
(51)
2
(51)
Nrec
Tinst:
Max. tightening
ft lb
HLC-HX,
torque
(Nm)
2.2
(3)
5
(6.8)
10
(13.6)
15
(20)
60
(81.4)
90
(122.1)
-
-
HLC-H,
ft lb
(Nm)
/16
1
/4
5
/4
5
/16
3
-
/16
3
/8
1
/8
1
/2
5
12
18
35
(16)
(24.4)
(47.4)
/2
5
/8
3
/8
+
Vd
Vrec
≤ 1.0
(Ref. Section 4.1.3)
1. For Hilti matched tolerance carbide tipped drill bits, see section 10.4.1.
16
©NJATC
Anchoring Systems
4.3.7
HLC Sleeve Anchor
4.3.7.4 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
1. Drill -Drill the hole. Clean hole
with blow out bulb.
2. Insert -With the bolt flush to the
top of the nut, drive the sleeve
anchor into the hole.
3. Set-Tighten anchor to the
recommended torque value.
Over-torquing will reduce the
pullout and shear loads.
4.3.7.5 ORDERING INFORMATION
A
Note: Definition of nomenclature
Sleeve Anchor AC 1/4 x 13/8
Round Head Slotted (RS)
Description
Sleeve Anchor RS 1/4 x 11/4
Nut Configuration
A: the overall length from bottom of washer
Outside diameter of sleeve, see tables
for threaded bolt diameter
Item No.
Bit
Diameter1
in.
Bolt
Diameter
in.
00336238
1/4
3/16
Minimum
Embed. Depth
in. (mm)
1
(25)
Fastens
Material Up To
in. (mm)
1/4
(6.4)
Quantity
Per Box
100
1. For Hilti matched tolerance carbide tipped drill bits, see section 10.4.1.
A
Bolt Head (H)
Item No.
Bit
Diameter1
in.
Bolt
Diameter
in.
Sleeve Anchor H 5/16 x 15/8
00336244
5/16
1/4
1
(25)
5/8
(16)
100
Sleeve Anchor H 5/16 x 25/8
Sleeve Anchor H 3/8 x 17/8
Sleeve Anchor H 3/8 x 3
Sleeve Anchor H 1/2 x 21/4
Sleeve Anchor H 1/2 x 3
Sleeve Anchor H 1/2 x 4
00336245
00336252
00336253
00336259
00336260
00336261
5/16
1/4
3/8
5/16
3/8
5/16
1/2
3/8
1/2
3/8
1/2
3/8
1
11/4
11/4
11/2
11/2
11/2
(25)
(32)
(32)
(38)
(38)
(38)
15/8
5/8
13/4
3/4
11/2
21/2
(41)
(16)
(44)
(20)
(38)
(64)
100
50
50
50
25
25
Description
Minimum
Embed. Depth
in. (mm)
Fastens
Material Up To
in. (mm)
Quantity
Per Box
1. For Hilti matched tolerance carbide tipped drill bits, see section 10.4.1.
A
Flat Phillips Head (FPH)
Description
Item No.
Bit
Diameter1
in.
Bolt
Diameter
in.
Minimum
Embed. Depth
in. (mm)
Fastens
Material Up To
in. (mm)
Sleeve Anchor FPH 1/4 x 11/2
00336234
1/4
3/16
1
(25)
1/2
( 13)
100
Sleeve Anchor FPH 1/4 x 2
Sleeve Anchor FPH 1/4 x 3
Sleeve Anchor FPH 1/4 x 4
Sleeve Anchor FPH 3/8 x 23/4
Sleeve Anchor FPH 3/8 x 4
Sleeve Anchor FPH 3/8 x 5
Sleeve Anchor FPH 3/8 x 6
00336235
00336236
00336237
00336248
00336249
00336250
00336251
1/4
3/16
1/4
3/16
1/4
3/16
3/8
5/16
3/8
5/16
3/8
5/16
3/8
5/16
1
1
1
11/4
11/4
11/4
11/4
(25)
(25)
(25)
(32)
(32)
(32)
(32)
1
2
3
11/2
23/4
33/4
43/4
( 25)
( 51)
( 76)
( 38)
( 70)
( 95)
(120)
100
100
100
50
50
25
25
Quantity
Per Box
1. For Hilti matched tolerance carbide tipped drill bits, see section 10.4.1.
17
©NJATC
Anchoring Systems
HLD Kwik-Tog
4.3.11
4.3.11.1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
The Hilti Kwik-Tog is a plastic anchor designed to accept No. 8 or No. 10
screws for light duty applications in hollow or solid base materials
Product Features
• Unique one piece design for easy setting
• Three convenient sizes for use in a variety of hollow base materials from
1/4” drywall to block and concrete
• Leg braces provide added support
• Ribs on body help prevent anchor from spinning during installation
• Remains mounted in the wall without screw for convenient handling,
installation and reuse
4.3.11.2 MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS
Plastic; polypropylene for use in temperature range
from -40°F to +140°F
4.3.11.3 TECHNICAL DATA
HLD Kwik-TogTM 3 is specially designed for ⁵⁄₈" sheetrock
Specification Table
S = Thickness of material being fastened
5/18"
L
d
HLD Kwik-TogTM 2 is specially designed for 1/2" sheetrock
5/32"
L
d
- 1/2"
17/32"
- 19/32"
3/8"
3/8"
11/4" + S
11/4" + S
19/16" + S
#8 or 10
#8 or 10
#10 or 12
3/8"
3/8"
11/2" + S
11/2" + S
113/16" + S
#8 or 10
#8 or 10
#10 or 12
11/8" - 11/4"
greater than
2"
3/8"
3/8"
11/32"
17/8" + S
17/8" + S
2 3/16" + S
#8 or 10
#8 or 10
#10 or 12
- 11/8"
HLD Kwik-Tog Allowable Loads1
1/2" Drywall
2. Insert anchor through
drilled hole.
greater than
15/8"
- 7/8"
3/8"
15/16"
L
d
4.3.11.4 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
1. Compress wings
together.
3/4"
HLD Kwik-TogTM 4
greater than
13/8""
3/8"
- 3/4"
3. Insert and tighten
screw through fixture
to expand wings.
5/8" Drywall
Tension
Tension
Description
lb (N)
lb (N)
HLD 2
20 (89)
25 (111)
HLD 3
—
35 (156)
HLD 4
—
—
1. Based on using a safety factor of 5
Hollow Concrete
Block, Tension
lb (N)
40 (178)
50 (222)
70 (311)
4.3.11.5 ORDERING INFORMATION
HLD Kwik-Tog Anchor Program
Description
Kwik-Tog 2 (HLD2)
Kwik-Tog 3 (HLD3)
Kwik-Tog 4 (HLD4)
Item
Number
00063581
00063582
00063583
Bit
Diameter1
in.
3/8
3/8
3/8
Hollow Base
Material
Thickness
3/16" - 5/8"
5/8" - 7/8"
15/16" - 11/4"
Allowable
Load in 5/8" Drywall
Tension, lb (kN)
25 (0.11)
35 (0.16)
—
Recommended Screw Size*
Hollow
Solid
Base Mtl.
Base Mtl.
#8 or #10
#10
#8 or #10
#10
#8 or #10
#10
Quantity
Per Box
100
50
50
* Screw not included
1. For Hilti matched tolerance carbide tipped drill bits, see section 10.4.1.
18
©NJATC
Anchoring Systems
4.3.12
HSP/HFP Drywall Anchor
4.3.12.1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
The Hilti HSP/HFP Drywall Anchor is a self-drilling anchor
designed for fast and reliable fastenings in drywall.
Product Features
•
•
•
•
Shark tooth design for correct positioning and quick installation
Cuts its own thread - no predrilling necessary
One Hilti bit for anchor and screw setting
Can be set with electric or standard screwdriver for quick and
simple installation
• Removability adds to the anchor’s versatility
• Available in non-conductive nylon or zinc for a variety of
applications
• Available with and without screws for your convenience
4.3.12.2 MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS
Zinc
Nylon
4.3.12.3 TECHNICAL DATA
HSP/HFP Drywall Anchor Allowable Loads1
Gypsum Wall Board
1/2"
HSP with Screw
# 8 x 1 3/16
5/8"
Tension
lb (N)
Shear
lb (N)
Tension
lb (N)
Shear
lb (N)
HFP with Screw
15 (70)
40 (180)
22 (100)
60 (270)
#6x1
15 (70)
40 (180)
22 (100)
60 (270)
1. Based on using a safety factor of 5
4.3.12.4 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
Push the teeth of the
anchor into the
drywall panel.
Drive the anchor
(clockwise rotation)
until it lies flush with
the wall.
Drive and tighten the
screw with the Hilti bit.
4.3.12.5 ORDERING INFORMATION
HDS Drywall Anchor Program
Item no.
Description
00332682
00332683
00333557
00332686
00332687
00332688
00332689
HSP
HSP-S
HSP-1/4” THREAD
HFP
HFP-S
D-B PH2 HSP/HFP
D-B SQ HSP-G
Anchor length ld (in.)
Screw dia.
Quantity
1 1/2
1 1/2
1 1/2
1 1/8
1 1/8
––
––
#8
#8
––
#8
#8
––
––
100
100
100
100
100
5
5
19
Remarks
Delivered with 100 screws, # 8 x 1 3/16˝
Delivered with one bit D-B SQ HSP-G (00332689)
Delivered with 100 screws, # 8 x 1˝
©NJATC
Screw Fastening Systems
Self-Drilling Screw Selection Guide
5.2.1
5.2.1.1 DRILL POINT SELECTION
Top Material to be Drilled
Bottom Material to be Drilled
Total Thickness to be Drilled
Top Material to be Drilled
Void or Insulation
Bottom Material to be Drilled
Total Thickness to be Drilled
Hole Diameter
Larger than Screw Threads
Top Material
Void or Insulation
Bottom Material to be Drilled
Total Thickness to be Drilled
Drill Flute
Point Length
Drilling Through Wood to Metal
The length of the drill flute
determines the metal thickness that can be drilled. The
flute itself provides a channel
Drill
for chip removal during
Flute
drilling action. If it becomes
completely imbedded in
material, drill chips will be trapped in the flute and
cutting action will cease. This will cause the point to
burn up or break.
The unthreaded section from
the point to the first thread
should be long enough to
Point
assure the drilling action is
Length
complete before the first
thread engages the drilled
metal. Screw threads
advance at a rate of up to ten times faster than the
drill flute can remove metal. All drilling therefore
should be complete before threads begin to form.
If your application calls for
drilling through wood over
1/2" in thickness, a clearWinged
ance hole is required. Select
Reamer
a fastener with breakaway
wings for this type of job. The
wings will ream a clearance
hole and break-off when they contact metal surface
(minimum metal thickness .090") to be drilled.
Thickness of material to be drilled (inches)
Drilling Capacity – MD-Applications (Steel to Steel)
#2 Point
#3 Point
#5
Point
#4 Point
.500
.400
.300
.312
.312
.175
.175
.250
.210
.200
.100
.250
.175
.110
.100
.110
.110
.110
.035
0
Screw
Diameter
#8
#10
#10
#12
1/4"
*#12
1/4"**
#12
Note: The above chart covers the Hilti standard self-drilling screw program. For information on specialty fasteners (Kwik Seal, wing reamers, etc.),
contact your Hilti representative. Shaded area represents optimal drilling range.
* #12 #4 point winged reamer fasteners have a maximum drill capacity of .220".
** 1/4" #4 point winged reamer fasteners have a maximum drill capacity of .250".
20
©NJATC
Screw Fastening Systems
5.2.1
Self-Drilling Screw Selection Guide
5.2.1.1 DRILL POINT SELECTION (Continued)
5.2.1.2 THREAD SELECTION
Conversion Tables
Metal Gauge
Fraction to Decimal
Sheet
Metal
Number Aluminum
of
Gauge (Thickness in decimal
parts of an inch)
000000
00000
0000
000
00
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
.5800
.5165
.4600
.4096
.3648
.3249
.2893
.2576
.2294
.2043
.1819
.1620
.1443
.1285
.1144
.1019
.0907
.0808
.0720
.0641
.0571
.0508
.0493
.0403
.0359
.0320
.0285
.0253
.0226
.0201
.0179
.0159
.0142
.0126
.0113
.0100
.0089
.0080
.0071
.0063
.0056
.0050
.0045
.0040
—
—
.4062
.375
.3437
.3125
.2812
.2656
.2391
.2242
.2092
.1943
.1793
.1644
.1495
.1345
.1196
.1046
.0897
.0747
.0673
.0598
.0538
.0478
.0418
.0359
.0329
.0299
.0269
.0239
.0209
.0179
.0164
.0149
.0135
.0120
.0105
.0097
.0090
.0082
.0075
.0067
.0064
.0060
Thread Length
Fraction (in.)
Decimal
Equivalent (in.)
1/64
1/32
3/64
1/16
5/64
3/32
7/64
1/8
9/64
5/32
11/64
3/16
13/64
7/32
15/64
1/4
.015
.031
.046
.062
.078
.093
.109
.125
.140
.156
.171
.187
.203
.218
.234
.250
Always choose a fastener with sufficient threads to fully engage
in the base metal. For example: If you are fastening into 1/4"
steel, the fastener should have at least 1/4" of threads. It is
helpful, but not critical, that the threads also engage in the
material being fastened. The head of the fastener provides
the holding power for the material being fastened, while the
threads provide the holding power in the base material.
Holding
Material Being Fastened
Base Material
Holding
Thread Pitch
Screw Wire Gauge
Number of
Gauge
Decimal
Equivalent (in.)
#6
#8
#10
#12
#14
.138
.164
.190
.216
.242
The thickness of material being fastened and diameter of the
screw determine the type of thread pitch to be used. In general, the thinner the fastened materials, the fewer the number of
threads. The thicker the material, the greater the number of
threads. This principle is due to two primary methods of thread
engagement/holding power: Clamping and Threading. In light
gauge metal, the materials are actually being clamped together
by the upper and lower threads.
Clamping
Holding
Holding
Therefore, the thinner the material, the coarser the thread pitch
must be to assure proper clamping. The thicker the material,
the finer the threads must be. In very thick metal (3/8" - 1/2" thick),
a fine thread is adviseable. This will allow the thread to “tap”
into the base material with less installation torque than a
coarse thread.
Thread Engagement
21
©NJATC
Screw Fastening Systems
Self-Drilling Screw Selection Guide
5.2.1
5.2.1.3 HEAD STYLE SELECTION
HWH
PPH
PFH
PWH
Hex Washer Head:
Washer face provides a bearing
surface for the driving sockets.
Phillips Pan Head:
Conventional head for general
applications and provides low
profile fastening.
Phillips Flat Head:
Used primarily in wood to
countersink and seat flush
without splintering the wood.
Phillips Wafer Head:
Large head provides the
bearing surface necessary to
seat flush in soft materials.
5.2.1.4 SEALING CRITERIA
The Kwik-Seal™ sealing screws offer weatherproof
fastenings where moisture or condensation is a factor. The integrated washer/head design seals the
hole to prevent moisture from dripping into the fastener threads, reducing corrosive build-up. As
added protection against corrosion, all Kwik-Seal™
sealing screws come standard with KwikCote®
coating. The torque control and adjustment of the
Kwik-Tapper electric screwdrivers help ensure that
the optimal seal is applied.
If you underdrive, the
compression ring design
results in a low torque
seal.
If you overdrive, the
compression ring, outer
skirt, and rugged washer prevents spinout and
the one-piece head
design completely
eliminates the possibility of washer inversion.
If you angle-drive, the
design of the fastener
head, outer skirt, and
compression ring,
along with the special
washer, still helps provide a positive seal.
5.2.1.5 LENGTH SELECTION
Length of the screw (L)
Depending on the screwhead, there are two different ways of measuring the overall length of a screw.
HWH, PPH screws overall length is measured from the bottom of
the collar under the head to the point of the screw.
MF
L
Maximum thickness fastened(MF)
MF
The maximum thickness fastened for all screws is the length of the
threads reduced by the first three threads (embedement in the
base material). See drawings above.
L
The maximum thickness fastened (MF) describes the maximum
thickness of the attachments to be secured to the base material.
• PWH, PFH screws overall length is measured from the top of the
head to the point of the screw.
22
©NJATC