Woven Fabrics
Unidirectional Fabrics
Glass
Carbon
Aramid
Hybrids
Technical Fabrics Handbook
HexForce®
Reinforcements
REINFORCEMENTS
FOR
COMPOSITES
MANUFACTURING, SALES AND CUSTOMER SERVICE
Seguin, Texas
1913 N. King St.
Seguin, TX 78155
United States
Telephone: (830) 379-1580
Fax: (830) 379-9544
Customer Service Toll Free: 1 (866) 601-5430
Technical Service: 1 (830) 401-8180
MANUFACTURING
Les Avenieres, France
Z.I. Les Nappes
38630 Les Avenieres
France
For European sales office numbers and a full address list,
please go to:
www.hexcel.com/contact/salesoffices
www.hexcel.com
INDUSTRIAL DISCLAIMER
2
For Industrial Use Only - In determining whether the
material is suitable for a particular application, such
factors as overall product design and the processing and
environmental conditions to which it will be subjected
should be considered by the User. The following is made
in lieu of all warranties, expressed or implied: Seller’s
only obligations shall be to replace such quantity of this
product which has proven to not substantially comply
with the data presented in this bulletin. In the event of
the discovery of a nonconforming product, Seller shall
not be liable for any commercial loss or damage, direct
or consequential arising out of the use of or the inability
to use the product. Before using, User shall determine
the suitability of the product for his intended use and
User assumes all risks and liability whatsoever in
connection therein. Statements relating to possible use
of our product are not guarantees that such use is free
of patent infringement or that they are approved for such
use by any government agency. The foregoing may not
be changed except by an agreement signed by an officer
of Seller.
Kevlar® is a registered trademark of E.I. DuPont de Nemours.
S Glass® is a registered trademark of AGY Holding Corporation
Twaron® is a registered trademark of Teijin Twaron USA, Inc.
Company ........................................................................... 4
Parameters for Woven Fabric Selection ............................ 5
The Process - Converting Yarn to Fabric ........................... 8
CARBON FIBER FABRICS .............................................. 11
Carbon Fabric Nomenclature....................................... 14
Physical Properties of Selected PAN Carbon Fibers ... 16
PrimeTex™ ZB Fabrics .................................................. 18
FDS (Fabric De-Size) .......................................................... 24
Carbon Fabrics Construction Data-Hexcel Fibers ....... 26
Aerospace Carbon Fabric Construction Data .............. 30
Commercial Carbon Fabric Construction Data ........... 31
Heatset Uni Construction Data .................................... 33
SPECIALTY AND HYBRID COMPOSITE
REINFORCEMENTS .................................................... 35
Specialty and Hybrid Reinforcement Materials ........... 36
Lightning Strike Fabrics ............................................... 38
Hybrid Composite Fabrics ........................................... 39
Specialty Fabrics ......................................................... 40
FIBER GLASS FABRICS ….............................................. 41
Physical Properties of Fiber Glass ............................... 42
Industrial Applications .................................................. 44
Fiber Glass Yarn Nomenclature ................................... 46
Glass Composition (Table I) ......................................... 47
Basic Glass Yarn Strands (Table II) .............................. 48
Ultra High Performance Glass Products ...................... 49
Surfboard and Recreation ............................................ 51
Fiber Glass Fabric Finishes ......................................... 52
Others Finishes and Special Processes ...................... 55
FIBER GLASS FABRIC CONSTRUCTION DATA .…........ 57
Fiber Glass Fabrics ...................................................... 58
Fiber Glass Fabric Weight Index .................................. 72
Fiber Glass Fabric Thickness Index ............................ 76
ARAMID FABRICS ........................................................... 81
Physical Properties of Aramid Fabrics ......................... 82
Applications of Aramid Fabrics ................................... 83
Aramid Fibers Nomenclature ....................................... 84
Aramid Fabric Finishes ................................................ 85
ARAMID FABRIC CONSTRUCTION DATA ..................... 87
Aramid Fabrics Styles ................................................. 88
TECHNICAL REFERENCE .............................................100
SPECIFICATIONS .......................................................... 106
CONVERSIONS ..............................................................109
3
COMPANY PROFILE
4
Hexcel Corporation is a leading advanced composites
company. It develops, manufactures and markets
lightweight, high-performance structural materials;
including carbon fibers, reinforcements, prepregs,
honeycomb, matrix systems, adhesives and composite
structures, used in commercial aerospace, space
and defense and industrial applications such as
wind turbines.
As the most vertically integrated supplier in the industry,
Hexcel is better able to control the cost, quality and
delivery of its products. Vertical integration also means
that we can offer enhanced design flexibility and support
to our customers worldwide.
Hexcel’s research and technology function supports our
businesses worldwide with a highly developed expertise
in materials science, textiles, process engineering and
polymer chemistry.
Hexcel manufactures a wide range of reinforcements
for the manufacture of structural composites, used
in aerospace, military, transportation and industrial
applications. Reinforcements in the form of fabrics
or non-wovens are made using a variety of high
performance fibers, including glass, carbon, aramids, and
specialty reinforcements.
PARAMETERS FOR WOVEN
FABRIC SELECTION
In selecting a woven fabric for industrial applications, a
number of design parameters may be considered. These
are broken down into four basic variables: yarn weight,
thread count, weave pattern and fabric finish. The wide
range of yarn weights provides the base for fabric design.
Yarn weight, combined with thread count [the number of
warp ends (lengthwise) and filling picks (widthwise) per
inch] determines the strength, weight and thickness of
the fabric.
Basic weaving concepts are utilized in the manufacture of
fiber glass and high performance fabrics. The technology,
however, is advanced to incorporate specialized precision
equipment to meet the exacting demands of modern
industry. Almost any weave can be woven; however,
for industrial purposes there are six basic patterns as
described below.
Plain
The plain weave consists
of yarns interlaced in an
alternating fashion one
over and one under every
other yarn. The plain weave
provides good fabric
stability but is generally the
least pliable.
5
6
Basket
The basket weave is similar
to the plain weave except
that two or more warp yarns
and two or more filling yarns
are alternately interlaced
over and under each other.
The basket weave is more
pliable, flatter and stronger
than the plain weave, but is
not as stable.
Leno
The leno weave is used
where relatively low numbers
of yarns are involved. The
leno weave locks the yarns
in place by crossing two or
more warp threads over each
other and interlacing with one
or more filling threads.
Four Harness Satin (Crowfoot)
The four harness satin weave
is more pliable than the
plain weave and is easier to
conform to curved surfaces
typical in reinforced plastics.
In this weave pattern there
is a three-by-one interfacing
where a filling yarn floats
over three warp yarns and
under one.
Eight Harness Satin
The eight harness satin is
similar to the four harness
satin except that one filling
yarn floats over seven warp
yarns and under one. This
is a very pliable weave and
is used for forming over
curved surfaces.
Twill Weave
The twill weave is more
pliable than the plain weave
and has better drapability
while maintaining more
fabric stability than a four
or eight harness satin
weave. The weave pattern is
characterized by a diagonal
rib created by one warp yarn
floating over at least two
filling yarns
7
THE PROCESS
8
CONVERTING YARN TO FABRIC
1. Warping
The first step in the warping stage is beaming, where purchased
yarn is transferred from the bobbin creel to section beams. Most
input yarn is in singles form; however, some yarn is twisted and
plied together to yield unique properties. The section beams
constitute the machine direction or thread sheet segment of yarn in
the loom. Several section beams are produced and consolidated
into a group called a set, which provides the input for the
slashing process.
2. Slashing
The slashing process combines the warp ends of the set’s
multiple section beams into a single beam for weaving called a
warp or loom beam. Sizing is applied to the threadsheet filaments
and to avoid abrasion of individual strands.
3. Entering
The final stage of preparation
is entering, where the warp
is set up for installation in
the loom. A warp can contain
over 4,500 individual ends,
depending on the design of the
style. Each warp end is drawn
through a drop wire, heddles
and a reed, either by hand or by
machine. These parts work
together to mechanically arrange
and control the warp yarn
spreadsheet during the weaving
process on the loom.
4. Weaving
After the warp beam is installed in the loom, then either
rapier technology for heavy fabrics, or air jet technology
for lighter fabrics is used to interlace the filling yarns at 90
degree angles to the warp ends on the loom. The fabric,
called greige or loom state, is then wound onto a roll or
steel drums called mandrels, and the weaving process
is complete.
5. Heat Cleaning
The next stage is batch oven
cleaning, where the mandrels
are placed on racks, loaded into
large ovens, and exposed to high
temperatures until all organic
binders are removed and a pure
clean glass fabric is produced.
Organic, polymer-based fabrics
are not exposed to this
process (fabrics of Kevlar ®/
Twaron® fibers).
6. Finishing
In the finishing stage a coupling agent (finish) or chemical
treatment is applied to the fabric, and the finished glass is
ready for use. The finish serves to provide optimum
adhesion between the fiber surface and the matrix resin,
to provide fabric stability and protection (weave set), or to
provide chemical protection and resistance.
9
10
11
CARBON FIBER
FABRICS
CARBON FABRICS
12
Hexcel manufactures the most complete line of carbon
fabrics and specialty reinforcements for the composite
industry and offers a thorough line of globally certified
aerospace products.
Carbon fiber reinforcements, when properly engineered
into the appropriate matrix, can achieve one of the
strongest and most rigid composite structures available
with significant weight savings when compared to metals
and other materials.
In addition to the high strength-to-weight ratio, carbon
fiber reinforcements are thermally and electrically
conductive, have very low CTE and excellent
fatigue resistance.
Hexcel Corporation can provide users with a wide
variety of commercially available fabrics and specialty
reinforcements with different ranges of tensile strength,
modulus, and thermal/electrical conductivities.
Our fabric product line includes traditional 0/90 fabrics,
+/-45 degree fabrics, flat-tow 12K fabrics, heat-set
uni-directional fabrics, multi layered stitch bonded
fabrics, lightning strike (LS) fabrics, double-weave
fabrics, and hybrid (multiple fibers) fabrics woven with
standard modulus or IM fibers. Many of these fabrics are
qualified to major aerospace programs with listings on
specifications such as BMS9-8, BMS9-17, 5PTMCT01,
LMACT01, etc. and are available with our enhanced
surface treatments such as PrimeTex™ ZB.
Our Specialty Reinforcements product line includes
a number of different technologies that produce an
endless variety of carbon-reinforced designs for preform
products and your composite needs. (See “Specialty
Reinforcements Materials” in this section)
Hexcel’s staff, with expertise in the areas of textile
development, finishing technology, resin chemistry,
composite technology, and applications engineering, is
readily available to investigate development requirements
for engineered fabrics, coated fabrics, and specialty
composite-reinforced structures.
Often a process is limited by the use of “off-the-shelf”
textile reinforcements. Hexcel offers the development
consultation services required to best tailor the textile
component to the final product. Throughout Hexcel’s
history our product development staff has worked
closely with our customers to create innovative solutions
to unique requirements. For Technical questions, dial
(830) 401-8180.
13
CARBON FABRICS
NOMENCLATURE
14
Carbon fabrics from Hexcel have a specific nomenclature
which enables us to know the fiber used and the weave
style as well as any tracers, tracer fiber and the tracer
spacing if in the fabric. This nomenclature is referred to
as the “description” on our fabric label that is placed on
each box of carbon fabric. Here are some examples of
the nomenclature for the US and Europe:
US EXAMPLES:
SGP203CSDL means:
S = IM7 Type Fabric
GP = GP sizing
203 = 203 gsm fabric
CS = Crowfoot Satin (4 Harness Satin Weave)
D = SCG 75 1/0 0.7z 933
L = Tracer yarn every 12” in warp, 6” in fill
F3B282(GP) means:
F = Fabric
3B = 3K AS4C
28 2= Style 282 (193 gsm)
(GP) = GP sizing
(This style has no tracers)
AGP280-5HAB means:
A = AS4 Type Fabric
GP = GP sizing
280 = 280 gsm fabric
5H = 5 Harness Satin Weave
A =195d. 1.7s t.965 Kevlar®
B = Tracer yarn every 3” in warp, none in fill
EUROPEAN EXAMPLES:
48193S-P means:
4 = Carbon
8 = 12K
193 = Weight of fabric in gsm
S = 12K AS4CGP FLAT TOW
P = Plain
48370S-2T means:
4 = Carbon
8 = 12K
370 = Weight of fabric in gsm
S = 12K AS4CGP FLAT TOW
2T = 2/2 Twill
43193 S 1070 TCT means:
4 = Carbon
3 = 3K
193 = Weight of fabric in gsm
S = 3K AS4 GP
1070 = 1070mm width
T = Tracers
C = Tracers in warp
T = Tracers in fill
15
Cytec
12K
6K, 12K
12K
12K
12K
IM6
IM7
IM8
IM9
IM10
3K, 6K, 12K
12K
AS7
T650/35
12K
AS4D
1K, 3K, 6K, 12K
3K, 6K, 12K
AS4C
T300
3K
3K, 6K, 12K
AS4
Hexcel
Availability
(filaments/tow)
AS2C
Fiber Name
Producer
620
545
1010
890
885
770/822
833
700
689
647/626/634
647/626/649
644
Tensile Strength
(ksi)
37.0
33.5
44.0
44.0
44.0
40.0
40.5
35.0
35.5
33.5
33.5
32.0
Tensile Modulus
(msi)
PAN Carbon Fibers Data
1.70
1.60
2.10
1.90
1.80
1.80/1.90
1.90
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.90
Elongation
(%)
16
1.76
1.76
1.79
1.80
1.78
1.78
1.76
1.79
1.79
1.78
1.78/1.78/1.79
1.80
Density
(g/c3)
24K
24K
12K
3K
6K
12K
24K
UTS50
IMS60
HMA35
HTS40
HTS40
HTS40
STS40
12K
825
12K E13/F13
UTS50
TC-35
735
12K H13/E13
HTA40
580
615
620
630
610
465
705/705
575/575
575/555
6K H13/E13
796
580/575
HTA40
6K, 12K
T800
512
711
3K H13/E13
6K, 12K, 24K
HTA40
1K, 3K, 6K, 12K
T300
T700
33.4
35.0
35.1
34.3
34.3
34.3
51.2
42.0
35.3
35.2/35.2
34.5/34.3
34.5/34.6
34.5/34.6
42.6
33.4
Actual values may vary. For additional information, please contact a Technical Service Representative at (830) 401-8180.
Tairyfil
Toho Tenax
Toray
1.50
1.76
1.79
1.65/1.65
2.00/2.00
1.60
1.75
1.80
1.82
1.78
0.91
1.97
1.80
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.79
1.79
1.77
1.67/1.74
2.09
1.77
1.77
1.69/1.57
1.81
1.80
1.90
2.10
17
PRIMETEX™ ZB FABRICS
18
In many end products it is desirable to have a lower crimp
fabric to reduce resin rich areas. Hexcel’s PrimeTex™
ZB finishing process for carbon fabrics will give you a
more uniform spread where the filaments in each tow are
spread out creating a thinner and more closed fabric that
can give you better mechanicals and less porosity in a
composite as well as a uniform cosmetic appearance.
PrimeTex™ ZB can also be used to lower the mass in a
composite where lighter weight is the key characteristic.
We have the capability to provide this technology from
both our US and European facilities.
To understand the PrimeTex™ ZB process, the following
chart will show the same style woven with a variety
of fibers, the fabric closure as it comes off the loom,
and the fabric closure after going through the PrimeTex™
ZB process:
90.7%
90.7%
HexTow® AS4C GP 3K HS CP4000
Tenax E HTA40 E13 3K
Tenax E HTA40 E13 3K
Thornel T650/35 3K UC309 GV2
Torayca FT300B 3k 40B
Torayca T300B 3k 40B L2
43199 SB 1250
43199 D 1250
43199 DA 1250
43199 K 1250
43199 B 1250
43199 6 1250
93.0%
93.0%
89.5%
91.5%
91.5%
92.5%
HexTow AS2 J 3K HS CP3000
HexTow® AS4C GP 3K HS CP3000
90.0%
Loom-Fabric Closure
43199 UE 1250
®
Grafil TR30S 3K A
Fiber
43199 UB 1250
43199 9 1250
Designation
3K Plain Weave Closure Comparison
PrimeTex™ 200 GSM
<99%
<99%
<99%
<99%
<99%
<99%
<99%
<99%
<99%
After Spreading-Fabric Closure
19
In addition to the chart above comparing the same
style with different fibers, here are some examples
of the various fabrics before and after the PrimeTex™
ZB process:
20 200 GSM Plain Weave AS2C J 3K CP3000
Before PrimeTex™ ZB
After PrimeTex™ ZB
HexForce® 43199
UB 1250-92.5% Closure
PrimeTex™ 43199
UB 1250 ST- 99.5%
Closure
193 GSM, 2/2 Twill T700 12K
Before PrimeTex™ ZB
HexForce® 48194
C 1270-<95% Closure
After PrimeTex™ ZB
PrimeTex™ 48194
C 1270 ST->99.7%
Closure
Hexcel has established the PrimeTex™ ZB process on
several fabrics in both the US and Europe. On the
following pages are products that the US and
Europe currently offer with this process. This is not a
complete listing so please contact a Technical Service
Representative at (830) 401-8180 if you need information
on a style that is not listed here.
21
Plain
2/2 Twill
Plain
2/2 Twill
Plain
Plain
Plain
2/2 Twill
43162
43199
43200
46193
48192
48193
48194
4H Satin
286
43161
Plain
2/2 Twill
284
Plain
262
282
Weave
Style
3
3
3
11
12.7
12.7
10
10
12
12
12
12
Count Warp
3
3
3
11
12.7
12.7
10
10
12
12
12
8
Count Fill
12KCarbon, 33MSI
12KCarbon, 33MSI
12KCarbon, 33MSI
6K Carbon, 40 MSI
3K Carbon, 33MSI
3K Carbon, 33MSI
3K Carbon, 33MSI
3K Carbon, 33MSI
3K Carbon, 33MSI
3K Carbon, 33MSI
3K Carbon, 33MSI
3K Carbon, 33MSI
Warp Yarn
Fill Yarn
12KCarbon, 33MSI
12KCarbon, 33MSI
12KCarbon, 33MSI
6K Carbon, 40 MSI
3K Carbon, 33MSI
3K Carbon, 33MSI
3K Carbon, 33MSI
3K Carbon, 33MSI
3K Carbon, 33MSI
3K Carbon, 33MSI
3K Carbon, 33MSI
3K Carbon, 33MSI
PrimeTex™ ZB Fabric Construction
22
5.70
5.70
5.70
5.78
5.90
5.90
4.72
4.72
5.78
5.78
5.78
4.78
193
193
193
196
200
200
160
160
196
196
196
162
Fabric Weight
(oz/yd2) (g/m2)
17
17
Plain
2/2 Twill
Plain
5H Satin
5H Satin
2/2 Twill
5H Satin
5H Satin
Plain
48350
48370
48400
AGP280-5H
AH280-5H
AGP370-2T
AGP370-5H
AH370-5H
TGP196-P
4
48286
4
7.5
11
11
11
17
17
6.3
6
5
4.5
IM10 12K
AS4H 6K
AS4GP 6K
AS4GP 6K
AS4H 3K
AS4GP 3K
12KCarbon, 33MSI
12KCarbon, 33MSI
12KCarbon, 33MSI
12KCarbon, 33MSI
12KCarbon, 33MSI
Actual values may vary. For additional information, please contact a Technical Service Representative at 830-401-8180.
7.5
11
11
11
6.3
6
5
4.5
Plain
2/2 Twill
48280
400
280
10.90
11.80
8.26
12KCarbon, 33MSI
12KCarbon, 33MSI
IM10 12K
AS4H 6K
AS4GP 6K
AS4GP 6K
AS4H 3K
AS4GP 3K
10.20
12KCarbon, 33MSI
281
372
370
370
196
8.28
10.96
10.90
10.90
5.78
370
346
285
8.4
12KCarbon, 33MSI
280
8.26
12KCarbon, 33MSI
23
FDS (FABRIC DE-SIZE)
24
Carbon fibers are typically produced with a sizing (binder)
on them which aids in processing the fibers later with less
broken filaments. In some markets and for some resin
systems, it is preferred not to have this chemistry on the
carbon fiber surface. Hexcel has developed a proprietary
de-sizing process to remove this chemical from the
carbon fiber surface. Below are products we currently
offer with this process. This is not a complete listing so
please contact a Technical Service Representative at
(830) 401-8180 if you need information on a style that is
not listed here.
12.5
24
Plain
8H Satin
8H Satin
F3B282(GP)
F4G584
SGP370-8H
21
24
12.5
17
11
17
23
12.5
Count Fill
IM7GP 6K
T650 3K
AS4CGP 3K
AS4H 6K
AS4GP 6K
AS4GP 3K
AS4CGP 3K
AS2CJ 3K
Warp Yarn
IM7GP 6K
T650 3K
AS4CGP 3K
AS4H 6K
AS4GP 6K
AS4GP 3K
AS4CGP 3K
AS2CJ 3K
Fill Yarn
Actual values may vary. For additional information, please contact a Technical Service Representative at 830-401-8180.
21
17
11
17
24
2/2 Twill
5H Satin
AGP280-5H
5H Satin
8H Satin
ACGP370-8H
12.5
AH280-5H
2/2 Twill
284(E)
Count Warp
AGP370-2T
Weave
Style
FDS Fabric Construction
25
281
369
370
10.88
10.90
372
10.96
194
280
8.26
5.72
368
10.86
8.28
195
5.76
Fabric Weight
(oz/yd2) (g/m2)
5H Satin
2/2 Twill
Plain
ACGP205-P
ACGP370-2T
2/2 Twill
ACGP205-2T
ACGP350-5H
13
Plain
ACGP196-P
Plain
Plain
ACGP193-P
5H Satin
4H Satin
286(E)
ACGP206-P
2/2 Twill
284(E)
ACGP280-5H
13
Plain
282(E)
24?
11
18
13
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
4H Satin
262(E)
Count Warp
Weave
Style
23?
11
18
13
13
13
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
8
Count Fill
Fill Yarn
AS4CGP 3K
AS4CGP 3K
AS4CGP 3K
AS4CGP 3K
AS4CGP 3K
AS4CGP 3K
AS4CGP 3K
AS4CGP 3K
AS2CJ 3K
AS2CJ 3K
AS4CGP 3K
AS4CGP 3K
AS4CGP 3K
AS4CGP 3K
AS4CGP 3K
AS4CGP 3K
AS4CGP 3K
AS4CGP 3K
AS2CJ 3K
AS2CJ 3K
AS2CGP or J 3K AS2CGP or J 3K
AS2CGP or J 3K AS2CGP or J 3K
Warp Yarn
10.88
10.32
8.30
6.04
6.04
6.04
5.78
5.72
5.72
5.76
5.76
4.78
369
350
281
205
205
205
196
194
194
195
195
162
Fabric Weight
(oz/yd2) (g/m2)
Carbon Fabric Construction Data-Hexcel Fibers
26
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
Common
Style
5H Satin
AH370-5H
11
17
17
11.3
22
11
11.5
11.5
11
11
23
11
17
12
11.3
23
11
11
17
11.5
11.5
11
11
12.5
AS4H 6K
AS4H 6K
AS4GP
AS4GP 6K
AS4GP 3K
AS4GP 6K
AS4GP 6K
AS4GP 3K
AS4GP 3K
AS4GP 3K
AS4GP 3K
AS4GP 3K
AS4CJ 3K
AS4CGP 3K
AS4H 6K
AS4H 6K
AS4GP
AS4GP 6K
AS4GP 3K
AS4GP 6K
AS4GP 6K
AS4GP 3K
AS4GP 3K
AS4GP 3K
AS4GP 3K
AS4GP 3K
AS4CJ 3K
AS4CGP 3K
Actual values may vary. For additional information, please contact a Technical Service Representative at 830-401-8180.
3/1 Twill
5H Satin
AH280-5H
5H Satin
AGP380-5H
AGP790-3T
8H Satin
AGP370-8H
11
5H Satin
AGP280-5H
2/2 Twill
4H Satin
AGP195-CS
5H Satin
Plain
AGP193-P
AGP370-2T
Plain
AGP185-P
AGP370-5H
17
4H Satin
AGP185-CS
24
Plain
ACJ193-P
12.5
8H Satin
ACGP370-8H
10.90
8.28
23.14
11.20
10.88
10.90
10.96
8.26
5.70
5.66
5.46
5.46
5.74
10.86
27
368
✔
✔
280
✔
369
✔
✔
281
370
785
380
✔
370
372
✔
193
✔
✔
192
185
185
195
Plain
2/2 Twill
2/2 Twill
4H Satin
4H Satin
Plain
5H Satin
F3B284(GP)
F3B284(J)
F3B286(GP)
F3B286(J)
F4M282
F4M466
F3B262(J)
Plain
Plain
F3B262(GP)
F3B282(J)
Plain
F3A286
F3B282(GP)
Plain
4H Satin
F3A282
Weave
Style
16
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
11.5
11.5
Count Warp
16
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
8
8
11.5
11.5
Count Fill
IM7GP 6K
IM7GP 6K
AS4CGP 3K
AS4CGP 3K
AS4CJ 3K
AS4CGP 3K
AS4CJ 3K
AS4CGP 3K
AS4CJ 3K
AS4CGP 3K
AS4GP 3K
AS4GP 3K
Warp Yarn
IM7GP 6K
IM7GP 6K
AS4CGP 3K
AS4CGP 3K
AS4CJ 3K
AS4CGP 3K
AS4CJ 3K
AS4CGP 3K
AS4CJ 3K
AS4CGP 3K
AS4GP 3K
AS4GP 3k
Fill Yarn
8.40
5.80
5.70
5.70
5.76
5.76
5.72
5.72
4.72
4.72
5.64
5.70
285
197
193
193
195
195
194
194
160
160
191
193
Fabric Weight
(oz/yd2) (g/m2)
Carbon Fabric Construction Data-Hexcel Fibers (continued)
28
✔
✔
Common
Style
11
11
Plain
Plain
SGP145-P
SGP193-P
12
Plain
HGP196-P
34
12
5H Satin
5H Satin
5H Satin
5H Satin
8H Satin
Plain
±45° 5H Satin
±45° 4H Satin
±45° Plain
SGP273-5H
SGP275-5H
SGP280-5H
SGP315-5H
SGP370-8H
TGP196-P
XAGP280-5H
XC1400
XSGP196-P
12
22.5
12
34
7.5
21
9
16
8
15.5
11.5
11
11
8
11
IM7GP 6K
IM7GP 6K
AS4GP 3K
IM10GP 12K
IM7GP 6K
IM7GP
IM7GP 6K
IM7GP
IM7GP 6K
IM7GP 6K
IM7GP 6K
IM7GP 6K
IM7GP 6K
IM8GP 6K
AS4CGP 6K
IM7GP 6K
IM7GP 6K
AS4GP 3K
IM10GP 12K
IM7GP 6K
IM7GP
IM7GP 6K
IM7GP
IM7GP 6K
IM7GP 6K
IM7GP 6K
IM7GP 6K
IM7GP 6K
IM8GP 6K
AS4CGP 6K
Actual values may vary. For additional information, please contact a Technical Service Representative at 830-401-8180.
22.5
7.5
21
9
16
8
15.5
11.5
Plain
4H Satin
SGP196-P
SGP203-CS
8
11
5H Satin
F6B613(GP)
5.88
6.02
8.38
10.90
9.26
8.26
8.08
8.00
6.02
5.78
5.70
4.26
5.72
11.26
29
382
✔
204
199
204
284
0
370
314
280
274
✔
✔
✔
196
271
✔
193
144
194
12.5
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
F3C282
F3G282
F3GR282
F3T282
24
24
5H Satin
8H Satin
8H Satin
8H Satin
8H Satin
8H Satin
F4G433
F3C584
F3G584
F3GR584
F3T584
F4G584
24
24
24
24
24
18
18
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
Count Fill
T650 3K
T300 3K
T300 3K
T300 3K
HTA40 3K
T650 3K
HTA40 3K
T650 3K
T300 3K
T300 3K
T300 3K
HTA40 3K
Warp Yarn
10.76
10.88
T650 3K
10.72
10.74
10.80
8.40
8.30
5.70
5.70
5.66
5.70
5.76
369
365
363
364
366
285
281
193
193
192
193
195
Fabric Weight
(oz/yd2) (g/m2)
T300 3K
T300 3K
T300 3K
HTA40 3K
T650 3K
HTA40 3K
T650 3K
T300 3K
T300 3K
T300 3K
HTA40 3K
Fill Yarn
Actual values may vary. For additional information, please contact a Technical Service Representative at 830-401-8180.
24
24
24
18
18
F3C433
12.5
Plain
5H Satin
F4G282
12.5
12.5
12.5
Count Warp
Weave
Style
Aerospace Carbon Fabric Construction Data
30
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
Common
Style
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
2/2 Twill
4H Satin
5H Satin
2/2 Twill
2/2 Twill
8H Satin
84
130
160
262
282
284
286
433
444
463
584
24
9
18
18
12
12
12
12
12
24
16
Count
Warp
24
9
18
18
12
12
12
8
12
24
16
Count
Fill
3K Carbon, 33MSI
6K Carbon, 33MSI
3K Carbon, 33MSI
3K Carbon, 33MSI
3K Carbon, 33MSI
3K Carbon, 33MSI
3K Carbon, 33MSI
3K Carbon, 33MSI
3K Carbon, 33MSI
1K Carbon, 33MSI
1K Carbon, 33MSI
Warp Yarn
3K Carbon, 33MSI
6K Carbon, 33MSI
3K Carbon, 33MSI
3K Carbon, 33MSI
3K Carbon, 33MSI
3K Carbon, 33MSI
3K Carbon, 33MSI
3K Carbon, 33MSI
1K Carbon, 33MSI
1K Carbon, 33MSI
1K Carbon, 33MSI
Fill Yarn
Actual values may vary. For additional information, please contact a Technical Service Representative at 830-401-8180.
Weave
Style
Commercial Carbon Fabric Construction Data
11.00
8.40
8.40
8.40
5.78
5.78
5.78
4.78
3.92
3.74
2.48
✔
✔
✔
196
196
196
373
285
285
✔
✔
162
285
✔
Common
Style
133
127
84
Fabric Weight
(oz/yd2) (g/m2)
31
5H Satin
2/2 Twill
Basket 2X2
Plain
Plain
Plain
2/2 Twill
613
670
690
48193
48280
48350
48370
6
5
4
3
10
11
12
Count
Warp
6
5
4
3
10
11
12
Count
Fill
12KCarbon, 33MSI
12KCarbon, 33MSI
12KCarbon, 33MSI
12KCarbon, 33MSI
12K Carbon, 33MSI
12K Carbon, 33MSI
6K Carbon, 33MSI
Warp Yarn
10.20
10.90
12KCarbon, 33MSI
8.26
5.70
18.70
19.80
11.10
370
346
280
193
634
671
376
Fabric Weight
(oz/yd2) (g/m2)
12KCarbon, 33MSI
12KCarbon, 33MSI
12KCarbon, 33MSI
12K Carbon, 33MSI
12K Carbon, 33MSI
6K Carbon, 33MSI
Fill Yarn
Actual values may vary. For additional information, please contact a Technical Service Representative at 830-401-8180.
Weave
Style
Commercial Carbon Fabric Construction Data (continued)
32
✔
✔
✔
Common
Style
Plain Heatset
Plain Heatset
Plain Heatset
Plain Heatset
Plain Heatset
Plain Heatset
Plain Heatset
Plain Heatset
Plain Heatset
Plain Heatset
Plain Heatset
GA030
GA045
GA060
GA080
GA090
GA120
GA130
GA132
GA140
GA160
GA180
19
16
14
14
14
13
10
8
7
10
13
Count
Warp
4
4
4
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Count
Fill
12K Carbon, 33MSI
12K Carbon, 33MSI
12K Carbon, 33MSI
12K Carbon, 33MSI
12K Carbon, 33MSI
12K Carbon, 33MSI
12K Carbon, 33MSI
12K Carbon, 33MSI
12K Carbon, 33MSI
6K Carbon, 33MSI
3K Carbon, 33MSI
Warp Yarn
Proprietary
Proprietary
Proprietary
Proprietary
Proprietary
Proprietary
Proprietary
Proprietary
Proprietary
Proprietary
Proprietary
Fill Yarn
Actual values may vary. For additional information, please contact a Technical Service Representative at 830-401-8180.
Weave
Style
Heatset Uni Construction Data
17.70
15.70
13.40
14.15
14.16
13.20
9.10
7.90
6.66
4.61
3.13
600
532
454
480
480
448
309
268
226
156
106
Fabric Weight
(oz/yd2) (g/m2)
33
✔
✔
✔
Common
Style
Plain Heatset
Plain Heatset
Plain Heatset
Plain Heatset
Plain Heatset
Plain Heatset
SA047
SA060
SA083
SA120
KA060
KA090
10
20
16
11
13
10
Count
Warp
4
4
4
4
4
4
Count
Fill
SCG 1250
Roving 463
SCG 1250
Roving 463
SCG 750
Roving 463
SCG 750
Roving 463
HM Aramid
2160 Denier
HM Aramid
8050 dtex
Warp Yarn
Proprietary
Proprietary
Proprietary
Proprietary
Proprietary
Proprietary
Fill Yarn
Actual values may vary. For additional information, please contact a Technical Service Representative at 830-401-8180.
Weave
Style
Heatset Uni Construction Data (continued)
9.10
6.18
12.81
8.50
6.60
4.82
309
210
434
288
224
163
Fabric Weight
(oz/yd2) (g/m2)
34
Common
Style
35
SPECIALTY
AND HYBRID
COMPOSITE
REINFORCEMENTS
SPECIALTY AND HYBRID
REINFORCEMENT MATERIALS
NC2-ADVANCED NON-CRIMP FABRIC: Patented multi-axial
material with potential advantages and capabilities: use
large tow fibers, lower aerial weight plys (even with large
tow fibers), and binder application to individual plys.
Available for non-aerospace applications.
36
• Rolls up to 100 inches wide
• 2-4 Plys (angles 0° and between 45° and 90°)
• Ply aerial weights down to 100 gsm
• Stitch pattern variability
TACKIFIED (POWDERED) FABRICS: Binder is applied to fabric to
aid in the infusion process. It is generally applied at 2.5
percent on either one side or both sides of the fabric.
DRY UNI-DIRECTIONAL MATERIAL: Dry UD products are
suitable for many applications including preform
construction. Various processes are used to hold
the fibers in place depending on the applications
and requirements.
LIGHTNING STRIKE FABRICS
Hexcel has carbon fabrics with interwoven wires for
lightning strike applications where both structural
integrity and lightning protection are required in a single
ply. Standard plain weave designs are available (IWWF)
where the wire is woven inside the weave next to an
adjacent carbon tow, as well as the more elaborate
pattern designs like our patent pending “double weave”,
where the woven wire is 92 percent on the surface of the
carbon weave.
Plain Weave
70 g wire interwoven
193 g 6K fabric
92% of wire positioned
on top of carbon
37
Plain
Plain
Dbl Plain
Plain
AGP193PBLS
XLS9103
XLS9104
XLS9123
AS4GP 3K
IM7GP 6K
IM7GP 6K
AS4GP 3K
Warp Yarn(1)
Phos/Bnz
Phos/Bnz
Phos/Bnz
Phos/Bnz
Warp Yarn(2)
AS4GP 3K
IM7GP 6K
IM7GP 6K
AS4GP 3K
Fill Yarn(1)
Phos/Bnz
Phos/Bnz
Phos/Bnz
Phos/Bnz
Fill Yarn (2)
Actual values may vary. For additional information, please contact a Technical Service Representative at 830-401-8180.
Weave
Style
Lightning Strike Fabrics
Construction
11.5:11.5 x 11.5:11.5
11.2:11.2 x 11.2:11.2
11.2:11.2 x 11.2:11.2
11.5:11.5 X 11.5:11.5
38
260 g/m2
260 g/m2
260 g/m2
261 g/m2
Total Fabric
Weight
Modified Plain
1320
12.5
6.25
20
4
7.25
7.25
25
22
7.25
7.25
13
16
16
ECG 37 1/0x2
3K Carbon, 33 MSI
SCG 150 1/2
1K Carbon, 33MSI
3K Carbon, 33 MSI
Kevlar® 49, 2160 d.
3K Carbon, 33 MSI
3K Carbon, 33 MSI
3K Carbon, 33 MSI
Warp Yarn
6.70
7.44
3.70
7.30
3K Carbon, 33 MSI
Kevlar® 49, 2160 d
SCG 150 1/2
ECG 37 1/0x2
248
125
252
227
169
4.99
Kevlar® 49, 2160 d.
169
4.99
ECG 75 1/0
Fabric Weight
(oz/yd2) (g/m2)
SCG 75 1/0
Fill Yarn
Hybrid Composite Fabrics
Count
Fill
Actual values may vary. For additional information, please contact a Technical Service Representative at 830-401-8180.
Plain
1119
12.5
Plain
2/2 Twill
790
Plain
717
1168
16
Plain
716
16
Weave
Style
Count
Warp
39
✓
Common
Style
5 H Stain
4 H Satin
TEF7
1B301 F48
54
32
Count
Warp
50
30
Count
Fill
ECG 150 1/2
Thorstrand +
ECG 450 1/0
Thorstrand +
ECG 150 1/0
ECG 75 1/0
Fill Yarn
Warp Yarn
8.38
8.57
283
291
Fabric Weight
(oz/yd2) (g/m2)
Actual values may vary. For additional information, please contact a Technical Service Representative at 830-401-8180.
Weave
Style
Specialty Fabrics
40
9.0
11.4
0.23
0.29
Thickness
(mils) (mm)
✓
Common
Style
41
FIBER GLASS
FABRICS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
OF FIBER GLASS
The versatility of glass as a fiber makes it a unique
industrial textile material. Fiber glass in fabric form offers
an excellent combination of properties from high strength
to fire resistance. Wide ranges of yarn sizes and weave
patterns provide unlimited design potential, allowing the
end user to choose the best combination of material
performance, economics and product flexibility.
42
Dimensional Stability
Fiber glass is a dimensionally stable engineering material.
Fiber glass does not stretch or shrink after exposure
to extremely high or low temperature. The maximum
elongation for “E” glass at break is 4.8 percent with a
100 percent elastic recovery when stressed close to its
point of rupture.
Moisture Resistance
Glass fibers do not absorb moisture, and do not change
physically or chemically when exposed to water.
High Strength
The high strength-to-weight ratio of fiber glass makes it a
superior material in applications where high strength and
minimum weight are required. In textile form, this strength
can be unidirectional or bidirectional, allowing flexibility in
design and cost.
Fire Resistance
Fiber glass is an inorganic material and will not burn or
support combustion. It retains approximately 25 percent
of its initial strength at 1,000ºF.
Chemical Resistance
Most chemicals have little or no effect on glass fiber.
The inorganic glass textile fibers will not mildew, rot or
deteriorate. Glass fibers are affected by hydrofluoric, hot
phosphoric acids and strong alkaline substances.
Electrical Properties
Fiber glass is an excellent material for electrical insulation.
The combination of properties such as low moisture
absorption, high strength, heat resistance and low
dielectric constant makes fiber glass fabrics ideal
as a reinforcement for printed circuit boards and
insulating varnishes.
Thermal Conductivity
A low coefficient of thermal expansion combined with
high thermal conductivity properties make glass fabrics a
dimensionally stable material that rapidly dissipates heat
as compared to asbestos and organic fibers.
43
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
FOR FIBER GLASS FABRIC
Fiber glass fabrics are used in a wide range of industrial
applications. High strength, dimensional stability, design
flexibility and excellent electrical properties are some of
the characteristics that ensure optimum performance
and economy with this highly engineered material.
44
Reinforced Plastics
Fiber glass fabrics used as reinforcement for plastics
have replaced traditional materials such as wood, steel,
and aluminum in a vast array of products. The inherent
strength, light weight, dimensional stability and low
tooling costs derived from fiber glass reinforced plastics
help make many products more durable, attractive and
maintenance free.
Electrical
Fiber glass fabrics offer outstanding performance
to the electrical industry. High strength, dimensional
stability, temperature resistance and excellent electrical
properties provide the basis for use as the prime
reinforcement in high pressure laminates for printed
circuit boards. Fiber glass fabrics coated with chemistry
such as epoxy, silicone, rubber, Teflon® and neoprene, as
well as reinforcing mica products, provide the long term
durability and reliability needed in insulating high voltage
generators, transformers, switches and cables.
Coated and Laminated Fabrics
High strength, dimensional stability, fire resistance and
low cost are some of the advantages of using fiber
glass fabrics to reinforce foils, plastic film and coatings.
Protective covers, vapor barriers, window shades, movie
screens, packaging tapes, awnings, protective clothing,
gaskets, wall covering and conveyor belts are just some
of the products that are improved through the use of fiber
glass fabrics.
Thermal Insulation
Strength retention at high temperatures, corrosion and
fire resistance, and ease of handling make fiber glass
fabrics an important material for thermal insulation. Both
the U.S. Navy and commercial shipyards use fiber glass
fabrics almost exclusively as pipe lagging and for thermal
pad covers.
Construction
From pipe wrap to wallboard seaming tape, fiber glass
fabrics can be found throughout the construction industry.
Fiber glass scrim is used to reinforce paper and film for
insulation facings and to provide dimensional stability to
asphalt used on roofing, roadways and bridge decks.
Fabric structures such as tennis courts, sports centers
and football stadiums use coated fiber glass fabrics as
an economical way to encapsulate space.
45
FIBER GLASS YARN
NOMENCLATURE
The wide variety of fiber glass yarns produced requires
a special system of nomenclature for identification. This
nomenclature consists of two parts—one alphabetical and
one numerical. In addition, although the final result is the
same, there are differences between the customary U.S.
Systems and the TEX/Metric System.
46
U.S. System
Example: ECG 150-1/2
A. First Letter - “E” characterizes the glass composition
(see Table I).
B. Second Letter - “C” indicates the yarn is composed of
continuous filaments. “S” indicates staple filament. “T”
indicates texturized continuous filaments.
C. Third Letter - Denotes the individual filament diameter:
BC, D, DE, E, G, H, K (see Table II).
D. First Number - Represents 1/100 the normal bare glass
yardage in one pound of the basic yarn strand. In the
above example, multiply 150 by 100 which results in
15,000 yards in one pound (see Table II).
E. Second Number - Represents the number of basic
strands in the yarn. The first digit represents the original
number of twisted strands. The second digit separated
by the diagonal represents the number of strands plied
(or twisted) together. To find the total number of strands
used in a yarn, multiply the first digit by the second digit
(a zero is always multiplied as 1).
TEX/Metric System
Example: EC9 33 1X2
A. First Letter - “E” characterizes the glass composition
(see Table I).
B. Second Letter - “C” indicates continuous filament. “T”
indicates textured continuous filament. “D” indicates
staple filament.
C. First Number - Denotes the individual filament diameter
(see Table II) expressed in micrometers (microns).
D. Second Number - Represents the non-linear weight
of the bare glass strand expressed in TEX. TEX is
the mass in grams per 1,000 meters of yarn (see
Table II).
E. Third Number - Indicates yarn construction or the basic
number of strands in the yarn. The first digit represents
the original number of twisted strands and the second
digit after the “X” indicates the number of these strands
twisted or plied together.
TABLE I
Glass Composition–By Weight
E Glass
S-2 Glass®
Silicon Dioxide
52-56%
64-66
Calcium Oxide
16-25%
Aluminum Oxide
12-16%
Boron Oxide
8-13%
Sodium & Potassium Oxide
0-1%
Magnesium Oxide
0-6%
Composition
24-26%
9-11%
Fiber glass yarns are available in different formulations. “E” glass
(electrical) is the most common all-purpose glass, while “S” Glass® (high
strength) is used for special applications.
47
TABLE II
Basic Glass Yarn Stands
Filament Diameter
Strand Weight
U.S.
Metric
Designation
(microns)
(inches)
U.S.
x100=
yd/lb
Designated
TEX
Number
of
Filaments
BC
0.00017
4
150
33
1064
D
0.00023
5
1800
2.75
51
900
5.5
102
450
11
204
225
22
408
300
16.5
204
150
33
408
100
50
612
75
66
816
50
99
1224
37
134
1632
225
22
204
110
45
408
150
33
204
75
66
408
50
99
612
48
DE
E
G
0.00025
0.00029
0.00036
6
7
9
37
134
816
H
0.00043
10
25
198
816
K
0.00051
13
18
275
816
ULTRA HIGH PERFORMANCE
GLASS PRODUCTS
The HT fabrics are fashioned after the standard, high
volume E-Glass aerospace 7781 and 120 styles.
Complimenting these styles in fabric areal weight
and weave pattern, 6781HT and 6220HT have similar
characteristics in fabric hand, flexibility, weight, and
thickness, but with the added benefit of superior impact
resistance, tensile strength, and bond integrity using
S-2 Glass® fiber.
The dry fabric tensile strength for HT fabrics is
dramatically higher than typical S-2 Glass® fabrics made
with standard starch oil sizing. Starch oil size fabrics
require heat cleaning prior to finishing, significantly
reducing fiber tensile strength. The HT fabrics have a
simple yet effective organic sizing compatible with high
temperature Epoxy, BMI, Phenolics, Cynate Esters,
Thermoplastics, Polyamide, Polyimide, PEI, PEEK, PAI,
LCP and others.
S-2 Glass® 6781 Dry Fabric Tensile Strength Comparison
700
600
500
ksi
400
300
200
100
0
6781 Finished
6781HT
Warp
Fill
49
S-2 Glass® 6220 Dry Fabric Tensile Strength Comparison
300
250
ksi
200
150
100
50
0
6220 Finished
6220HT
50
Warp
Fill
SURFBOARD AND RECREATION
Hexcel offers a variety of styles and finishes that should
work in the surfboard and recreation markets for any of
your needs.
We have developed a new finish with the ultimate product
performance which provides the clarity necessary for
colors with the softness to match our F81. Due to the
finish attributes, we have named this “CLEAR”.
Finishes for surfboard and recreation markets:
CLEAR
Excellent clarity and softness for colors that
“pop” and good lamination properties.
RWG
Resin compatible binder for polyester
applications. Provides strength.
F16
Provides the green color for the retro
board look.
F81
Standard surfboard finish.
Styles for surfboard and recreation markets:
1522
4 oz E-Glass
1579
4 oz Warp E-Glass
7533
6 oz E-Glass
7580
6 oz Warp E-Glass
7532
7.5 oz for Fins
1522RWG
4 oz Direct E-Glass
7533RWG
6 oz Direct E-Glass
4522
4 oz S-Glass
4579
4 oz Warp S-Glass
4533
6 oz S-Glass
4985
5 oz S-Glass
51
FIBER GLASS FABRIC FINISHES
Fiber Glass Fabrics are available with a variety of finishes
and treatments.
Greige:
Loom state fabric that includes the
organic binders and size applied to the
yarn prior to weaving.
Finished:
Fully heat cleaned fabric treated with
the coupling agent which provides a
chemical bond between the fiber glass
surface and various matrix resins.
52
The following finish charts offer recommended Hexcel
finishes based on compatibility with resin systems and
include special finish processes.
Hexcel Fiber Glass Finishes
Hexcel
Finish
Recommended
Matrix
Resin(s)
Possible
Matrix
Resin(s)
Performance
Features
F69
Epoxy
Polyester
F81
Epoxy
Polyester
Vinyl Ester
Urethane
Cyanate Ester
BMI
Phenolic
Multifunctional
silane for use
with all major
resin systems.
Excellent wetting
characteristics.
Surfboard finish.
Z-6040/F46
Epoxy
Phenolic
Silane finish
compatible with
epoxy resins.
CS-767
Epoxy
Polyimide
Urethane
Vinyl Ester
Cyanate Ester
Polyester
Multifunctional
silane for use
with all major
resin systems.
Excellent wetting
characteristics.
CS-724
Epoxy
Specially
developed finish
for structural
composites. BMS
9-3 Qualified
CS-310
Epoxy
Silane finish BMS
9-3 Qualified
CS-550/Volan
Polyester
Epoxy
Phenolic
Vinyl Ester
Volan/Silane finish
for structural
polyester/vinyl
ester and phenolic
resins. Fabric will
have a green tint
from the Volan.
Volan is BMS 9-3
Qualified
F50
Polyester
Epoxy
Vinyl Ester
Cyanate Ester
Phenolic
Volan/Silane
finish. Fabric will
have green tint
from the Volan.
BMS 9-3
Qualified
Silane finish for
epoxy composites
resins BMS 9-3
Qualified
53
Hexcel Fiber Glass Finishes (continued)
54
Hexcel
Finish
Recommended
Matrix
Resin(s)
Possible
Matrix
Resin(s)
Performance
Features
F3/F16
Polyester
Vinyl Ester
Epoxy
Phenolic
Volan finish
compatible with
structural epoxy,
polyester/vinyl
ester and phenolic
resins. Fabric will
have green tint
from the Volan.
F3 is BMS 9-3
Qualified
F43
Polyester
Vinyl Ester
Silane finish
compatible with
polyester and
vinyl ester resin
systems. Very
good clarity
F72
Polyester
A1100/F40
Phenolic
Acrylic
Urethane
Epoxy
Silane Finish
recommended for
phenolic resins
A1100S
Phenolic
Urethane
Epoxy
A1100 finish with
soft hand
CS-4667
Phenolic
Silane finish
for phenolic
applications
F48
Silicone
Silicone high
temperature
release finish,
applied to fabric
style 1B301 only.
CLEAR
Polyester
Epoxy
Surfboard finish
with excellent
clarity and wetting
characteristics.
Good fabric hand
as well.
Silane finish
Other Finishes and Special Processes
Hexcel
Finishes
Performance
Features
Greige
Loom state fabric. No additional fabric finish
processing. Used for coating applications.
F12
Heat cleaned fabric for silicone processes.
RWG
"Really White Glass"- surfboard fabric with resin
compatible binder for polyester
"HT"
Direct size fabric that is very stable in high
temperature applications and can be used in a
wide variety of resins
55
56
FIBER GLASS
FABRIC
CONSTRUCTION
DATA
57
Hexcel reserves the right to use equivalent yarns in fiber glass styles.
The use of such yarns is designed to maintain the physical properties of
the woven cloth. The values listed for weight, thickness, and breaking
strengths are typical greige values, unless otherwise noted.
4H Satin
Plain
4H Satin
4H Satin
220
232
Plain
116
162
Plain
112
138
Plain
108
Plain
Plain
106
4H Satin
Plain
104
120
Plain
101
117
Weave
Style
48
60
28
65
60
54
60
40
60
56
60
75
30
58
16
60
58
39
58
39
47
56
52
75
Count Count
Warp
Fill
ECG 37 1/0
ECE 225 1/0
ECE 225 2/5
ECE 225 1/2
ECD 450 1/2
ECD 450 1/2
ECD 450 1/2
ECD 450 1/2
ECD 900 1/2
ECD 900 1/0
ECD 900 1/0
ECD 1800 1/0
Warp Yarn
ECG 75 1/2
ECE 225 1/0
ECE 225 2/5
ECE 225 1/2
ECD 450 1/2
ECD 450 1/2
ECD 450 1/2
ECD 450 1/2
ECD 900 1/2
ECD 900 1/0
ECD 1800 1/0
ECD 1800 1/0
Fill Yarn
12.75
3.14
12.00
6.53
3.14
2.46
3.12
2.10
1.42
0.81
0.57
0.49
432
106
407
221
106
83
106
71
48
27
19
17
Weight
(oz/yd2) (g/m2)
Fiber Glass Fabrics
58
14.0
3.7
13.8
6.9
3.9
3.7
3.9
3.5
2.2
1.3
1.0
0.78
0.36
0.09
0.35
0.18
0.10
0.09
0.10
0.09
0.06
0.03
0.03
0.02
Thickness
(mils) (mm)
550
192
650
297
177
163
177
119
89
64
68
39
450
151
400
272
150
103
148
100
64
60
59
37
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Strength
Common
(lbf/in) (lbf/in)
Style
18
38
4H Satin
4H Satin
4H Satin
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
341
403
477
520
993
1037
1047
1064
1067
1070
1071
30
35
70
21
47
73
67
17
48
50
49
32
32
ECD 900 1/0
ECD 450 1/0
ECD 900 1/0
ECG 75 1/2
ECDE 100 1/0
ECC 1200 1/0
ECD 900 1/0
ECG 75 1/3
ECDE 150 1/0
ECG 75 1/0
ECD 450 1/0
ECDE 37 1/0
ECG 37 1/0
13.00
13.00
8.71
8.40
4.11
8.70
0.71
0.73
5.44
4.60
0.91
1.02
0.60
ECG 37 1/0
ECDE 37 1/0
ECE 225 3/2
ECG 150 1/2
ECDE 150 1/0
ECG 75 1/3
ECD 900 1/0
ECC 1200 1/0
ECDE 100 1/0
ECG 150 1/2
ECD 900 1/0
ECD 900 1/0
ECD 900 1/0
20
35
31
156
184
25
24
295
139
285
295
441
441
1.2
1.9
1.4
5.8
5.6
1.3
1.2
9.1
4.7
8.9
8.2
14.0
14.2
0.03
0.05
0.04
0.15
0.14
0.03
0.03
0.23
0.12
0.23
0.21
0.36
0.36
62
126
57
220
200
45
30
330
300
440
50
600
617
27
33
57
150
200
40
23
310
250
350
300
425
498
✓
The physical properties listed are typical for greige (untreated) fabrics. Actual values may vary. For additional information, please contact a Technical Service Representative at
830-401-8180.
60
60
70
18
47
70
54
54
32
48
4H Satin
333
48
4H Satin
332
59
Weave
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
4H Satin
Plain
Plain
Plain
Style
1076
1080
1125
1131
1142
1161
1165
1167
1188
1280
1297
1299
50
50
60
47
60
60
100
31
120
40
60
60
20
20
60
30
55
52
42
21
52
39
47
25
Count Count
Warp
Fill
ECD 450 1/0
ECD 450 1/0
ECD 450 1/0
ECH 25 1/0
ECD 450 1/2
ECD 450 1/2
ECD 450 1/0
ECG 37 1/0
ECD 450 1/0
ECD 450 1/2
ECD 450 1/0
ECD 450 1/0
Warp Yarn
ECD 450 1/0
ECD 900 1/0
ECD 450 1/0
ECG 150 1/0
ECG 150 1/0
ECG 150 1/0
ECDE 100 1/0
ECG 37 1/0
ECG 150 1/0
ECG 150 1/0
ECD 450 1/0
ECD 900 1/0
Fill Yarn
0.92
0.79
1.65
12.02
3.79
3.66
3.86
8.39
3.65
2.60
1.41
0.96
31
27
56
408
129
124
131
284
124
88
48
33
Weight
(oz/yd2) (g/m2)
Fiber Glass Fabrics (continued)
60
2.0
2.0
2.2
11.8
4.2
4.1
5.0
10.3
4.8
3.5
2.2
1.8
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.30
0.11
0.10
0.13
0.26
0.12
0.09
0.06
0.05
Thickness
(mils) (mm)
101
112
128
750
163
165
154
408
194
101
125
124
40
33
116
130
265
268
346
316
268
147
94
24
✓
Strength
Common
(lbf/in) (lbf/in)
Style
Plain
Plain
Leno
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
4H Satin
1500
1501
1507
1520
1522
1522RWG
1523
1526
1527
1528
1530
1543
49
20
42
17
35
28
24
24
24
20
46
49
32
30
18
32
17
32
20
22
22
20
10
45
42
21
ECG 75 1/2
ECG 150 3/3
ECG 150 1/2
ECG 150 3/3
ECG 150 1/2
ECG 150 1/2
ECG 150 1/2
TD37
ECG 150 3/2
ECG 150 1/2
ECG 75 1/3
ECE 110 1/0
ECE 110 1/0
ECE 225 3/2
6.03
13.20
8.52
ECG 150 3/3
ECE 225 1/0
ECG 150 3/3
ECG 150 1/2
5.30
11.98
ECG 150 1/2
289
448
204
406
180
8.2
15.0
7.0
14.0
6.2
13.2
5.3
4.3
19.7
392
3.63
ECG 150 1/2
ECG 150 1/2
TD37
ECG 150 3/2
119
342
125
3.51
ECG 75 1/0
5.3
3.70
10.10
ECG 37 1/3
168
5.3
9.7
11.55
4.95
ECE 110 1/0
166
288
4.7
4.89
ECE 110 1/0
123
8.49
ECE 225 3/2
0.21
0.38
0.18
0.36
0.16
0.34
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.50
0.13
0.13
0.25
681
500
284
487
254
684
198
175
152
300
220
227
471
78
475
200
488
239
524
173
137
171
310
220
234
335
✓
✓
✓
The physical properties listed are typical for greige (untreated) fabrics. Actual values may vary. For additional information, please contact a Technical Service Representative at
830-401-8180.
Plain
1311
61
Plain
8H Satin
8H Satin
8H Satin
8H Satin
Plain
Plain
1579
1581
1582
1583
1584
1597
1608
Leno
Plain
1564
12H Satin
Leno
1562
1576
4H Satin
1557
1568
Weave
Style
30
30
44
54
60
57
30
120
16
20
30
57
26
30
35
48
56
54
16
24
8
18
16
30
Count Count
Warp
Fill
ECG 150 1/0
ECG 37 1/4
ECG 150 4/2
ECG 75 1/2
ECG 150 1/3
ECG 150 1/2
ECG 150 1/2
ECG 150 1/2
ECH 25 1/0
ECG 37 1/2
ECG 150 1/0
ECG 150 1/2
Warp Yarn
ECG 150 1/0
ECG 37 1/4
ECG 150 4/2
ECG 75 1/2
ECG 150 1/3
ECG 150 1/2
ECG 75 1/0
ECG 150 1/0
ECG 37 1/3
ECG 37 1/2
ECG 150 1/0
ECE 225 1/0
Fill Yarn
893
561
462
298
121
359
265
421
64
178
2.22
75
38.46 1308
26.34
16.55
13.52
8.78
3.56
10.60
7.83
12.42
1.88
5.25
Weight
(oz/yd2) (g/m2)
Fiber Glass Fabrics (continued)
62
3.5
38.3
22.9
16.1
12.6
8.2
4.8
11.1
15.8
15.1
4.9
5.3
0.09
0.97
0.58
0.41
0.32
0.21
0.12
0.28
0.40
0.38
0.12
0.13
Thickness
(mils) (mm)
900
856
573
374
110
100
374
498
75
110
160
130
1475 1502
1000
997
611
446
200
600
236
525
102
379
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Strength
Common
(lbf/in) (lbf/in)
Style
Plain
Plain
Leno
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Leno
Plain
Plain
1610
1611
1614
1620
1628
1632
1636
1652
1658
1659
1669
1674
40
60
20
20
52
40
30
40
20
30
32
32
32
32
12
10
10
52
24
32
28
20
14
28
28
10
ECG 150 1/0
ECG 150 1/0
ECG 150 1/0
ECG 150 1/0
ECG 150 1/0
ECDE 150 1/0
ECG 150 1/0
ECDE 150 1/0
ECG 150 1/0
ECG 150 1/0
ECG 150 1/0
ECG 150 1/0
ECG 150 1/0
1.48
2.36
2.42
2.35
1.60
2.71
3.75
2.59
4.13
1.62
1.66
2.50
2.87
ECD 450 1/0
ECG 150 1/0
ECDE 150 1/0
ECG 75 1/0
ECG 150 1/0
ECDE 150 1/0
ECG 75 1/0
ECDE 150 1/0
ECG 150 1/0
ECG 75 1/0
ECG 75 1/0
ECD 450 1/0
ECG 150 1/0
97
85
56
55
140
88
127
92
54
80
82
80
50
4.2
3.2
4.5
3.7
4.4
4.4
4.9
4.3
3.2
5.7
4.0
4.0
2.8
0.11
0.08
0.11
0.09
0.11
0.11
0.12
0.11
0.08
0.14
0.10
0.10
0.07
210
317
78
107
229
210
159
223
111
109
160
175
167
21
163
23
103
109
201
126
331
167
102
134
152
145
The physical properties listed are typical for greige (untreated) fabrics. Actual values may vary. For additional information, please contact a Technical Service Representative at
830-401-8180.
Plain
1609
63
Weave
Plain
Plain
Plain
8H Satin
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
8H Satin
8H Satin
Plain
Style
1675
1676
1678
1680
1692
1694
1695
1800
1884
1938
2025
20
45
44
16
40
40
40
72
40
55
40
14
36
35
14
24
24
22
70
40
48
32
Count Count
Warp
Fill
ECG 37 1/2
ECDE 37 1/3
Text
ECDE 37 1/3
Text
ECK 18 1/0
ECK 18 1/0
ECDE 75 1/0
ECG 75 1/0
ECG 75 1/0
ECDE 150 1/0
ECG 150 1/0
ECDE 150 1/0
ECDE 150 1/0
Fill Yarn
ECK 18 1/0
ECK 18 1/0
ECK 18 1/0
ECDE 150 1/0
ECG 150 1/0
ECG 150 1/0
ECDE 150 1/0
ECG 150 1/0
ECDE 150 1/0
ECDE 150 1/0
Warp Yarn
17.05
26.80
25.40
9.39
3.59
3.54
3.19
5.73
3.20
4.12
2.89
578
909
861
318
122
120
108
194
108
140
98
Weight
(oz/yd2) (g/m2)
Fiber Glass Fabrics (continued)
64
26.2
26.6
26.0
11.2
5.4
5.2
5.2
5.6
4.3
4.9
4.4
0.67
0.68
0.66
0.28
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.14
0.11
0.12
0.11
Thickness
(mils) (mm)
575
1000
950
468
190
208
206
390
200
271
226
340
900
800
414
180
247
214
334
200
209
169
✓
✓
Strength
Common
(lbf/in) (lbf/in)
Style
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
2113
2114
2116
2125
2157
2165
2166
2313
2523
2532
3070
3313
61
70
16
28
60
60
60
60
41
60
56
60
40
62
70
14
20
64
38
52
35
38
58
48
56
39
ECDE 300 1/0
ECDE 300 1/0
ECH 25 1/0
ECH 25 1/0
ECE 225 1/0
ECE 225 1/0
ECE 225 1/0
ECE 225 1/0
ECE 225 1/0
ECE 225 1/0
ECE 225 1/0
ECE 225 1/0
ECE 225 1/0
2.83
2.43
ECDE 300 1/0
4.80
ECG 75 1/0
ECDE 300 1/0
3.68
ECG 150 1/0
6.87
4.32
ECG 75 1/0
ECH 25 1/0
2.60
ECE 225 1/0
2.45
3.12
ECE 225 1/0
11.47
2.69
ECE 225 1/0
ECH 25 1/0
2.35
ECD 450 1/0
ECD 450 1/0
2.10
ECE 225 1/0
82
96
233
389
83
163
125
146
88
106
91
80
71
2.9
3.0
9.5
13.6
2.8
6.0
4.4
5.9
3.5
3.4
3.3
2.8
3.0
0.07
0.08
0.24
0.35
0.07
0.15
0.11
0.15
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.08
173
188
345
517
234
185
211
184
120
201
190
223
120
159
164
278
390
126
300
252
288
120
181
160
106
120
✓
The physical properties listed are typical for greige (untreated) fabrics. Actual values may vary. For additional information, please contact a Technical Service Representative at
830-401-8180.
Plain
2112
65
8H Satin
3783
8H Satin
Plain
3780
4180
4H Satin
3743
8H Satin
Plain
3734
3884
Plain
3733
8H Satin
Plain
3731
12H Satin
8H Satin
3582
3788
5H Satin
3434
3784
Weave
Style
80
46
42
45
54
22
49
16
18
17
60
34
ECDE 37 1/2
ECG 37 1/4
ECG 37 1/2
ECG 37 1/0
ECG 37 1/0
ECG 37 1/0
ECG 37 1/2
ECG 37 1/0
ECG 37 1/0
ECG 50 1/0
ECG 37 1/0
Warp Yarn
100 SCD 450 1/0
36
36
36
48
16
30
11
18
15
56
34
Count Count
Warp
Fill
SCD 450 1/0
ECDE 37 1/2
ECG 37 1/4
ECG 37 1/2
ECG 37 1/0
ECG 75 1/2
ECE 225 1/0
ECG 37 1/3
ECG 37 1/0
ECG 37 1/0
ECG 50 1/0
ECG 37 1/0
Fill Yarn
874
546
200
286
354
190
173
467
365
2.52
26.50
85
899
52.30 1773
25.79
16.15
5.90
8.43
10.45
5.59
5.10
13.76
10.77
Weight
(oz/yd2) (g/m2)
Fiber Glass Fabrics (continued)
66
2.7
26.7
48.7
24.2
15.7
7.8
7.9
14.6
7.1
6.7
13.8
10.9
0.07
0.68
1.24
0.61
0.40
0.20
0.20
0.37
0.18
0.17
0.35
0.28
Thickness
(mils) (mm)
936
563
250
33
400
328
300
600
560
186
1014
207
932
1900 1600
1180
750
300
389
393
377
350
700
562
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Strength
Common
(lbf/in) (lbf/in)
Style
60
60
Plain
Plain
Plain
4H Satin
4H Satin
6080
6220
6220 HT
58
58
47
60
22
14
13
16
18
22
34
22
17
49
104
5.59
3.59
4.37
4.63
4.70
1.18
1.44
3.08
SCG 75 1/2
SCG 75 1/0
ECG 75 1/2
ECG 75 1/2
SCG 150 1/2
ECDE 600 1/0
SCD 450 1/0
3.05
159
3.58
SCG 75 1/0 493
SCE 225 1/0
157
5.60
SCG 75 1/0 493
103
40
148
122
190
121
190
124
3.66
SCG 150 1/2
188
5.54
SCG 75 1/2 493
SCE 225 1/0 933 SCE 225 1/0 933
SCE 225 1/0
SCD 450 1/0
ECDE 600 1/0
SCG 75 1/2
ECG 75 1/0
ECG 37 1/0
SCG 150 1/2
SCG 75 1/2
SCG 75 1/0 493
SCG 75 1/0 493
SCG 150 1/2
SCG 75 1/2 493
3.9
4.0
2.0
1.7
6.2
7.4
6.5
5.4
8.1
5.6
6.0
5.1
8.9
0.10
0.10
0.05
0.04
0.16
0.19
0.17
0.14
0.21
0.14
0.15
0.13
0.23
257
259
150
87
300
168
230
300
340
340
350
197
450
259
203
110
83
115
172
145
300
310
310
350
157
435
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
The physical properties listed are typical for greige (untreated) fabrics. Actual values may vary. For additional information, please contact a Technical Service Representative at
830-401-8180.
60
60
18
28
14
30
6060
Plain
4579
18
24
4985
Plain
4533
Plain
Plain
4527
36
Leno
Basket 2x2
4526
24
18
4797
Plain
4522
4700
Plain
4450
67
72
56
46
57
4H Satin
8H Satin
8H Satin
8H Satin
8H Satin
8H Satin
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
6557
6580
6581
6771HT
6781
6781 HT
7255
7500
7520
7532
7533
18
16
18
16
37
57
57
48
4H Satin
6543
18
14
18
14
37
57
54
45
54
72
30
30
Count Count
Warp
Fill
Weave
Style
ECG 75 1/2
ECG 75 1/3
ECG 75 1/3
ECG 37 1/2
ECG 75 1/0
SCG 75 1/0 933
SCG 75 1/0
SCG 75 1/0 933
SCG 150 1/2
SCG 150 1/0
SCG 150 1/2
SCG 75 1/2
Warp Yarn
ECG 75 1/2
ECG 75 1/3
ECG 75 1/3
ECG 37 1/2
ECG 75 1/0
SCG 75 1/0 933
SCG 75 1/0
SCG 75 1/0 933
SCG 150 1/2
SCG 150 1/0
ECE 225 1/0
ECE 225 1/0
Fill Yarn
5.61
7.20
8.39
9.41
6.00
8.97
8.94
7.06
8.75
5.60
5.31
8.52
191
244
284
319
203
304
303
239
297
190
180
289
Weight
(oz/yd2) (g/m2)
Fiber Glass Fabrics (continued)
68
7.3
9.4
10.1
11.9
7.0
9.7
9.6
8.0
10.4
5.6
5.8
8.6
0.19
0.24
0.26
0.30
0.18
0.25
0.24
0.20
0.26
0.14
0.15
0.22
Thickness
(mils) (mm)
256
344
330
427
300
646
568
589
250
350
250
700
236
300
310
400
300
661
454
645
250
300
90
90
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Strength
Common
(lbf/in) (lbf/in)
Style
Plain
Plain
7579
7580
Plain
Plain
7597
7624
7626
34
44
30
48
40
57
24
26
30
54
28
18
32
24
30
24
21
54
14
20
18
46
14
18
ECG 75 1/0
ECG 75 1/0
ECG 37 1/4
ECG 37 1/2
ECG 37 1/2
ECG 75 1/0
ECG 75 1/2
ECG 75 1/0
ECG 75 1/3
ECG 75 1/2
ECG 37 1/2
ECG 75 1/2
TD37
3.61
6.09
ECG 150 1/2
ECG 37 1/0
5.37
ECG 75 1/0
182
187
5.53
ECG 75 1/0
602
17.76
37.90 1289
ECG 150 1/2
673
305
206
122
392
551
612
190
ECG 37 1/4
8.99
11.55
ECG 75 1/3
19.86
16.24
ECG 75 1/2
ECG 75 1/0
17.99
ECG 37 1/4
ECG 37 1/2
5.59
ECG75 1/2
TD37
6.0
7.0
40.3
16.6
24.8
8.9
7.4
5.2
13.2
15.7
19.1
8.4
0.15
0.18
1.02
0.42
0.63
0.23
0.19
0.13
0.34
0.40
0.49
0.21
150
485
509
200
127
384
635
721
281
285
353
287
248
1000 1100
1070
748
576
300
203
618
847
711
279
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
The physical properties listed are typical for greige (untreated) fabrics. Actual values may vary. For additional information, please contact a Technical Service Representative at
830-401-8180.
Triple Plain
Double Satin
7594
8H Satin
Plain
7562
Mock Leno
8H Satin
7547
7587
2 End Plain
7544
7581
Plain
7533RWG
69
Plain
Plain
Plain
7630
7635
7637
80
2/2 Twill
7715
7725
54
32
Plain
Modified
Plain
46
44
44
44
31
44
44
44
18
18
32
42
20
23
29
30
34
31
24
Count Count
Warp
Fill
7652
Plain
Plain
7629
8H Satin
Plain
7628
7645
Plain
7627
7642
Weave
Style
ECG 75 1/0
ECG 75 1/0
ECG 50 1/0
ECG 75 1/2
ECG 75 1/0
ECG 75 1/0
ECG 75 1/0
ECG 75 1/0
ECG 75 1/0
ECG 75 1/0
ECG 75 1/0
Warp Yarn
ECH 25 1/0
ECG 150 1/0
ECG 50 1/0
8.61
7.32
7.50
14.31
6.86
ECG 75 1/2
7.09
ECG 37 1/0
7.05
4.83
6.26
6.10
5.58
292
248
254
485
233
240
239
164
212
207
189
Weight
(oz/yd2) (g/m2)
ECG 37 1/0
Tex
ECG 50 1/0
ECG 75 1/0
ECG 75 1/0
ECG 75 1/0
ECG 75 1/0
Fill Yarn
Fiber Glass Fabrics (continued)
70
8.9
7.4
8.3
13.4
10.9
9.5
8.4
5.5
7.1
7.1
6.2
0.23
0.19
0.21
0.34
0.28
0.24
0.21
0.14
0.18
0.18
0.16
Thickness
(mils) (mm)
440
650
400
600
354
323
340
230
342
350
325
360
70
400
525
185
428
407
230
268
269
175
✓
✓
✓
Strength
Common
(lbf/in) (lbf/in)
Style
17(8)
4H Fancy
Leno
Plain
8800
76290
31
8
8
54
ECG 75 1/0
ECG 150
1/0-ECG 37 1/3
ECG 75 1/2
ECDE 75 1/0
8.87
12.66
8.23
6.27
ECDE 75 1/0
Dacron R-14
ECG 37 1/3
ECG 67 1/0
213
279
429
301
8.6
7.0
17.8
12.2
0.18
0.45
0.31
0.22
350
431
703
501
350
457
48
408
✓
✓
The physical properties listed are typical for greige (untreated) fabrics. Actual values may vary. For additional information, please contact a Technical Service Representative at
830-401-8180.
44
81
Plain
8000
57
8H Satin
7781
71
19
20
24
27
27
0.57
0.60
0.71
0.73
0.79
0.81
0.91
0.92
0.96
1.02
1.18
104
1071
993
1037
1297
106
1067
1299
1076
1070
6060
40
35
33
31
31
25
17
0.49
101
(g/m2)
oz/yd2
Style
1608
2112
112
1562
1659
1280
1658
1620
1609
6080
108
1080
Style
2.22
2.10
2.10
1.88
1.66
1.65
1.62
1.60
1.48
1.44
1.42
1.41
oz/yd2
75
71
71
64
56
56
55
54
50
49
48
48
(g/m2)
2125
1125
1636
4180
1669
117
2313
3313
1611
1610
2113
1614
Style
2.60
2.60
2.59
2.52
2.50
2.46
2.45
2.43
2.42
2.36
2.35
2.35
oz/yd2
88
88
88
85
85
83
83
82
82
80
80
80
(g/m2)
Fiber Glass Fabric Weight Index
72
1692
220
120
2116
116
6220
6220 HT
1675
1674
3070
1628
2114
Style
3.19
3.14
3.14
3.12
3.12
3.08
3.05
2.89
2.87
2.83
2.71
2.69
oz/yd2
108
106
106
106
106
104
103
98
97
96
92
91
(g/m2)
124
125
3.54
3.56
3.58
3.59
3.59
3.61
3.63
3.65
3.66
3.66
3.68
3.70
1694
1579
4527
1695
4579
7579
1522
1131
1165
4522
2165
1522RWG
125
124
124
123
122
122
122
121
121
120
119
3.51
1520
108
3.20
1678
1500
7630
2166
4985
4797
1064
4700
2157
1652
1676
477
1161
1167
1632
4.89
4.83
4.80
4.70
4.63
4.60
4.37
4.32
4.13
4.12
4.11
3.86
3.79
3.75
166
164
163
159
157
156
148
146
140
140
139
131
129
127
4.95
5.10
5.25
5.30
5.31
5.37
5.44
5.53
5.54
5.58
5.59
5.59
5.59
5.60
1501
3731
1557
1526
6557
7626
1047
7624
4450
7627
3733
4533
7533RWG
4526
73
190
190
190
190
189
188
187
184
182
180
180
178
173
168
7635
2532
7642
138
76290
7629
7628
7580
1528
7255
3780
1680
7533
6580
7.05
6.87
6.86
6.53
6.27
6.26
6.10
6.09
6.03
6.00
5.90
5.73
5.61
5.60
239
233
233
221
213
212
207
206
204
203
200
194
191
190
oz/yd2
7.06
7.09
7.20
7.32
7.50
7.83
8.23
8.39
8.39
8.40
8.43
8.49
Style
6771HT
7637
7532
7715
7652
1568
8800
1142
7520
403
3743
1311
288
286
285
284
284
279
265
254
248
244
240
239
(g/m2)
1800
7581
6781 HT
6781
7781
1581
6581
341
520
7725
6543
1543
Style
9.39
8.99
8.97
8.94
8.87
8.78
8.75
8.71
8.70
8.61
8.52
8.52
oz/yd2
318
305
304
303
301
298
297
295
295
292
289
289
(g/m2)
1564
1188
162
1527
7562
1523
2523
3434
1576
3734
1507
7500
Style
12.42
12.02
12.00
11.98
11.55
11.55
11.47
10.77
10.60
10.45
10.10
9.41
oz/yd2
421
408
407
406
392
392
389
365
359
354
342
319
(g/m2)
Fiber Glass Fabric Weight Index (continued)
74
2025
1583
7547
3783
7645
3582
1582
1530
333
332
232
8000
Style
17.05
16.55
16.24
16.15
14.31
13.76
13.52
13.20
13.00
13.00
12.75
12.66
oz/yd2
578
561
551
546
485
467
462
448
441
441
432
429
(g/m2)
17.76
17.99
19.86
25.40
7594
7544
7587
1884
861
673
612
602
1938
3884
1584
3784
26.80
26.50
26.34
25.79
909
899
893
874
75
37.90
38.46
52.30
7597
1597
3788
1773
1308
1289
0.03
0.03
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.0
104
993
1071
106
1037
1067
6060
1076
1070
1297
1299
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.78
101
mm
mils
Style
1620
3070
2112
3313
2313
2113
1609
4180
1280
1080
108
6080
Style
3.2
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.0
mils
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
mm
120
116
1658
220
117
2125
1608
1125
112
2116
2114
1669
Style
3.9
3.9
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
mils
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
mm
Fiber Glass Fabric Thickness Index
76
1652
1636
1678
1628
1520
1674
1167
1165
6220
1611
1610
6220 HT
Style
4.4
4.4
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.1
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.9
mils
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
mm
0.11
0.12
4.5
4.7
4.7
4.8
4.8
4.9
4.9
4.9
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.2
1659
477
1522
1131
1579
1562
1632
1676
1161
4522
1692
1694
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.11
4.4
2165
0.11
4.4
1675
1064
1614
6580
4527
1680
1047
7630
4579
1695
1522RWG
1557
1501
1500
7579
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.2
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
77
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.5
6.7
6.9
7.0
7.0
7.0
6557
2157
2166
4526
7626
1526
4985
7627
4700
3731
138
1528
7255
7624
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.17
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
1543
341
4533
6771HT
3743
3780
7715
7580
4797
7533
7629
7628
3733
76290
8.2
8.2
8.1
8.0
7.9
7.8
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.3
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.0
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
mils
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.4
8.6
8.6
8.9
8.9
8.9
8.9
9.1
9.4
Style
1581
7652
7635
7533RWG
6543
7781
403
4450
7581
7725
520
7532
0.24
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.22
0.22
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
mm
1800
1576
7642
3434
6581
1142
7520
6781 HT
1311
6781
7637
2532
Style
11.2
11.1
10.9
10.9
10.4
10.3
10.1
9.7
9.7
9.6
9.5
9.5
mils
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.25
0.25
0.24
0.24
0.24
mm
333
232
3582
162
2523
7645
7562
1523
1582
8000
7500
1188
Style
14.0
14.0
13.8
13.8
13.6
13.4
13.2
13.2
12.6
12.2
11.9
11.8
mils
0.36
0.36
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.32
0.31
0.30
0.30
mm
7544
8800
7594
1583
1568
7547
3783
1564
1530
3734
332
1527
Style
Fiber Glass Fabric Thickness Index (continued)
78
19.1
17.8
16.6
16.1
15.8
15.7
15.7
15.1
15.0
14.6
14.2
14.0
mils
0.49
0.45
0.42
0.41
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.38
0.38
0.37
0.36
0.36
mm
19.7
22.9
24.2
24.8
1507
1584
3784
7587
0.63
0.61
0.58
0.50
3884
1938
2025
1884
26.7
26.6
26.2
26.0
0.68
0.68
0.67
0.66
79
38.3
40.3
48.7
1597
7597
3788
1.24
1.02
0.97
80
ARAMID
FABRICS
81
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
OF ARAMID FIBERS
Aramids – Kevlar®, Twaron®
High Strength
Aramid fibers are 43 percent lighter than fiber glass, with
a density of 1.44 g/cc compared to 2.55 g/cc for fiber
glass. Aramids are twice as strong as E-Glass, ten times
as strong as aluminum and approach the strength of high
strength carbon on a specific tensile strength basis.
Dimensional Stability
Aramids display excellent dimensional stability with
a slightly negative coefficient of thermal expansion
(-2.4 X 10-6/˚C).
Chemical Resistance
Aramids resist chemicals with the exception of a few
strong acids and alkalis.
Thermal Stability
82 Aramids display excellent stability over a wide range
of temperatures for prolonged periods. They show
essentially no embrittlement or strength loss at
temperatures as low as -320ºF (-196ºC). Aramids do not
melt or support combustion but will start to carbonize at
approximately 800ºF (427ºC).
APPLICATIONS OF
ARAMID FABRICS
Aerospace
Hexcel manufactures aramid fabrics for use in aerospace
applications. Aramid fabrics are used in aerospace
ducting where low weight and strength are important.
They are also used for secondary structures and
containment cases where impact resistance is key.
Marine, Tooling and Recreational Products
Hexcel’s aramid fabrics, exhibiting the properties of
high strength and durability, are used in the recreational
industry in a variety of applications ranging from boating
to skiing. The market for recreational products is a
dynamic market driven by strength, durability, clarity and
cost. Hexcel’s products are used in the manufacture of
kayaks, boats, hydroplanes, canoes and a wide range
of other recreational products where strength and low
weight are essential.
83
ARAMID FIBERS
NOMENCLATURE
Aramid Fibers are typically designated by denier, tex or
decitex (dtex). Each is described below.
Denier
The denier system is used internationally to measure
the size of silk and synthetic filaments and yarns. Denier
number indicates the weight in grams of 9,000 meters of
filament or filament yarn. For example, if 9,000 meters
of yarn weigh 100 grams, it is a 100-denier yarn. The
smaller the denier number, the finer the yarn.
Denier = dtex X 0.9
Tex
The tex system is also applicable to the measurement of
filament yarns. It is based on the weight in grams of one
kilometer 3,300 feet) of yarn. Decitex (dtex), is defined as
ten times tex.
84
Tex = dtex/10
Dtex = Tex X 10 = denier/0.9
For example, 840 denier yarn may also be designated
as 933 dtex.
ARAMID FABRIC FINISHES
Hexcel Finish
Performance Features
CS-800/F100
Scour finish for Aramid fabric.
Greige
Loom state fabric. No additional fabric
finish processing.
85
86
ARAMID
FABRIC
CONSTRUCTION
DATA
87
Plain Leno
Plain
Plain
328
124
181
297
310
328
345
348
8H Satin
4H Satin
Crowfoot
170CS
Weave
Plain
AMS
Style
170
Hexcel
Style
50
34
17
36
14
12
12
50
34
17
36
14
12
12
Count
Warp Fill
88
Kevlar 49
380 denier
Kevlar 49
195 denier
Kevlar 49
1420 denier
Kevlar LT
400 denier
Kevlar 29
6000 denier
Vectran
1500 denier
Vectran
1500 denier
Warp Yarn
Kevlar 49
380 denier
Kevlar 49
195 denier
Kevlar 49
1420 denier
Kevlar LT
400 denier
Kevlar 29
6000 denier
Vectran
1500 denier
Vectran
1500 denier
Fill Yarn
5.1
1.7
6.5
3.6
12.4
4.9
4.9
173
58
220
122
420
166
166
Weight
(oz/yd2) (g/m2)
Aramid Fabric Styles
8.7
3.0
12.8
7.0
33.5
10.6
10.6
0.22
0.08
0.33
0.18
0.85
0.27
0.27
Thickness
(mils) (mm)
720
210
905
600
890
1012
1087
658
210
940
600
609
987
998
Breaking
Strength
(lbf/in) (lbf/in)
Common
Style
28
16
72
13
17
17
22
34
Kevlar 49
195 denier
Kevlar 49
380 denier
Kevlar 49
1140 denier
Kevlar 49
1140 denier
Kevlar 49
1420 denier
Kevlar 49
195 denier
Kevlar 49
2160 denier
Kevlar 49
1420 denier
34
22
17
17
13
72
16
28
Kevlar 49
1420 denier
Kevlar 49
2160 denier
Kevlar 49
195 denier
Kevlar 49
1420 denier
Kevlar 49
1140 denier
Kevlar 49
1140 denier
Kevlar 49
380 denier
Kevlar 49
195 denier
10.7
9.1
3.7
4.9
5.2
5.2
2.2
1.8
363
309
125
166
176
176
75
61
19.0
14.8
7.2
9.8
9.3
9.8
4.8
3.9
0.48
0.38
0.18
0.25
0.24
0.25
0.12
0.10
584
659
686
728
298
262
1360 1300
1131 1096
556
677
688
748
296
260
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
The physical properties listed are typical for greige (untreated) fabrics. Actual values may vary. For additional information, please contact a Technical Service Representative at
830-401-8180.
Basket 4x4
384
1050
5H Satin
383
4H Satin
Twill 4x4
285
353
Plain
372
281
352
Plain
Plain
220
351
Plain
354
120
350
89
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
431
704
705
706
707
Basket 8x8
1033
388
Weave
Basket 4x4
AMS
Style
386
Hexcel
Style
31
34
31
31
31
40
27
31
34
31
31
31
40
22
Count
Warp Fill
90
Kevlar KM2
600 denier
Kevlar KM2
600 denier
Kevlar KM2
850 denier
Kevlar 129
840 denier
Kevlar LT
400 denier
Kevlar 49
1420 denier
Kevlar 49
2160 denier
Warp Yarn
Kevlar KM2
600 denier
Kevlar KM2
600 denier
Kevlar KM2
850 denier
Kevlar 129
840 denier
Kevlar LT
400 denier
Kevlar 49
1420 denier
Kevlar 49
2160 denier
Fill Yarn
4.8
5.4
6.9
6.8
3.1
15.5
13.9
163
183
234
231
105
526
471
Weight
(oz/yd2) (g/m2)
Aramid Fabric Styles
9.4
11.1
13.8
13.9
6.0
27.6
26.4
0.24
0.28
0.35
0.35
0.15
0.70
0.67
Thickness
(mils) (mm)
727
756
899
850
572
833
884
984
1084
586
1935 1705
1785 1550
Breaking
Strength
(lbf/in) (lbf/in)
Common
Style
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
710
711
713
720
722
724
726
26
24
22
20
31
29
24
31
Kevlar K129
600 denier
Kevlar 29
1500 denier
Kevlar K129
600 denier
Kevlar 29
1000 denier
Kevlar 129
1420 denier
Kevlar 129
1420 denier
Kevlar 129
1000 denier
Kevlar 129
840 denier
31
24
29
31
20
22
24
26
Kevlar 129
840 denier
Kevlar 129
1000 denier
Kevlar 129
1420 denier
Kevlar 129
1420 denier
Kevlar 29
1000 denier
Kevlar K129
600 denier
Kevlar 29
1500 denier
Kevlar k129
600 denier
5.7
6.2
8.6
7.7
8.2
4.5
9.7
4.7
193
210
292
261
278
153
329
159
10.8
11.4
16.4
14.4
16.8
8.7
19.4
8.6
0.27
0.29
0.42
0.37
0.43
0.22
0.49
0.22
735
1043
819
872
763
644
950
776
930
1091 1075
761
776
1100 1200
672
The physical properties listed are typical for greige (untreated) fabrics. Actual values may vary. For additional information, please contact a Technical Service Representative at
830-401-8180.
Plain
708
91
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Basket 2x2
728
729
730
731
732
735
Weave
Plain
AMS
Style
727
Hexcel
Style
35
32
31
22
17
17
26
35
32
31
22
17
17
26
Count
Warp Fill
92
Kevlar 29
1500 denier
Kevlar 29
400 denier
Kevlar 129
1000 denier
Kevlar 29
1000 denier
Kevlar 129
1420 denier
Kevlar 29
1500 denier
Kevlar 129
1000 denier
Warp Yarn
Kevlar 29
1500 denier
Kevlar 29
400 denier
Kevlar 129
1000 denier
Kevlar 29
1000 denier
Kevlar 129
1420 denier
Kevlar 29
1500 denier
Kevlar 129
1000 denier
Fill Yarn
14.1
3.2
7.9
5.6
6.6
6.6
6.7
478
108
268
190
224
224
227
Weight
(oz/yd2) (g/m2)
Aramid Fabric Styles
25.4
6.2
15.2
11.6
12.8
12.7
12.3
0.65
0.16
0.39
0.29
0.33
0.32
0.31
Thickness
(mils) (mm)
473
962
798
892
904
970
1738 1794
476
892
829
905
910
974
Breaking
Strength
(lbf/in) (lbf/in)
Common
Style
Plain
Plain
Plain
Basket 8x8
Plain
Basket 2x2
Basket 4x4
740
741
745
748
751
754
755
21
21
29
48
17
11
40
36
Kevlar 129
1420 denier
Kevlar 29
200 denier
Kevlar 29
3000 denier
Kevlar 29
3000 denier
Kevlar 29
1500 denier
Kevlar KM2
600 denier
Kevlar 29
3000 denier
Kevlar 29
3000 denier
36
40
11
17
48
29
21
21
Kevlar 29
3000 denier
Kevlar 29
3000 denier
Kevlar KM2
600 denier
Kevlar 29
1500 denier
Kevlar 29
3000 denier
Kevlar 29
3000 denier
Kevlar 29
200 denier
Kevlar 129
1420 denier
15.7
16.5
4.4
18.8
13.3
8.5
2.1
14.1
532
559
149
637
451
288
71
478
28.9
29.0
7.9
32.1
25.3
16.1
5.2
26.3
0.73
0.74
0.20
0.82
0.64
0.41
0.13
0.67
350
699
2000 2000
2000 2000
688
2200 2300
1194 1722
1100 1150
338
1950 2000
The physical properties listed are typical for greige (untreated) fabrics. Actual values may vary. For additional information, please contact a Technical Service Representative at
830-401-8180.
Basket 2x2
736
93
Basket 4x4
Basket 2x2
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
759
760
779
902
903
904
Weave
Plain
AMS
Style
756
Hexcel
Style
34
21
17
70
30
24
28
34
21
17
70
30
24
28
Count
Warp Fill
94
Spectra 900
650 denier
Spectra 900
1200 denier
Spectra 900
1200 denier
Kevlar 159
200 denier
Kevlar 129
1420 denier
Kevlar 29
3000 denier
Kevlar KM2
400 denier
Warp Yarn
Spectra 900
650 denier
Spectra 900
1200 denier
Spectra 900
1200 denier
Kevlar 159
200 denier
Kevlar 129
1420 denier
Kevlar 29
3000 denier
Kevlar KM2
400 denier
Fill Yarn
6.5
7.0
5.6
3.8
11.8
18.0
2.9
220
237
190
129
400
610
98
Weight
(oz/yd2) (g/m2)
Aramid Fabric Styles
18.1
19.1
15.5
8.5
21.1
30.0
5.6
0.46
0.49
0.39
0.22
0.54
0.76
0.14
Thickness
(mils) (mm)
529
850
576
629
950
900
1100 1100
900
389
887
2330 2500
524
Breaking
Strength
(lbf/in) (lbf/in)
Common
Style
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
8H Satin
Plain
Plain
951
955
956
960
985
1629
(Black)
1629T
(Black)
14
14
32
32
34
56
17
45
Spectra 1000
215 denier
Spectra 1000
215 denier
Spectra 1000
375 denier
Spectra 1000
650 denier
Kevlar 100
1500 denier
56
34
32
32
14
Kevlar 100
1500 denier
Spectra 1000
650 denier
Spectra 1000
375 denier
Spectra 1000
215 denier
Spectra 1000
215 denier
Spectra 1000
650 denier
Spectra 1000
215 denier
Technora 230B Technora 230B
1670 dtex
1670 dtex
Spectra 1000
650 denier
17
14
Spectra 1000
215 denier
45
5.3
5.2
5.8
3.2
1.9
3.4
3.0
2.6
180
176
197
108
64
115
102
88
11.3
10.3
13.1
8.0
5.0
8.4
9.6
6.0
0.29
0.26
0.33
0.20
0.13
0.21
0.24
0.15
550
360
650
550
475
923
785
799
793
1050 1000
600
400
700
600
500
✓
The physical properties listed are typical for greige (untreated) fabrics. Actual values may vary. For additional information, please contact a Technical Service Representative at
830-401-8180.
Plain
945
95
Plain
Plain
Plain
328
181
220
4015
4020
5328
5348
5351
Plain
8H Satin
Plain
4010
Weave
Plain
AMS
Style
4000
Hexcel
Style
22
50
17
24
22
22
18
22
50
17
24
22
22
18
Count
Warp Fill
96
Twaron 1055
405 dtex
Twaron 1055
405 dtex
Twaron 2200
1580 dtex
Kevlar XLT
800 denier
Kevlar XLT
800 denier
Kevlar A200
600 denier
Kevlar XLT
800 denier
Warp Yarn
Twaron 1055
405 dtex
Twaron 1055
405 dtex
Twaron 2200
1580 dtex
Kevlar XLT
800 denier
Kevlar XLT
800 denier
Kevlar A200
600 denier
Kevlar XLT
800 denier
Fill Yarn
2.2
4.9
6.4
5.0
4.6
3.4
3.7
75
166
217
168
156
115
125
Weight
(oz/yd2) (g/m2)
Aramid Fabric Styles
4.6
8.0
12.0
8.8
8.5
6.0
7.3
0.12
0.20
0.30
0.22
0.22
0.15
0.19
Thickness
(mils) (mm)
287
660
700
700
790
625
675
288
650
750
725
782
650
654
Breaking
Strength
(lbf/in) (lbf/in)
Common
Style
Plain
31
40
27
28
16
13
17
17
Twaron 2200
1580 dtex
Twaron 2200
2420 dtex
Twaron 2200
1580 dtex
Twaron 2200
2420 dtex
Twaron 2200
1580 dtex
Twaron T-2040 Twaron T-2040
930 dtex
930 dtex
13
16
28
22
40
31
Twaron 2200
1580 dtex
Twaron 2200
2420 dtex
Twaron 2200
1580 dtex
Twaron 2200
2420 dtex
Twaron 2200
1580 dtex
Twaron 2200
1270 dtex
Twaron 2200
1270 dtex
17
Twaron 2200
1270 dtex
Twaron 2200
1270 dtex
17
6.8
15.3
13.6
10.7
9.4
4.9
5.2
5.2
231
519
461
363
319
166
176
176
12.9
26.9
25.0
19.0
13.0
10.0
9.7
10.7
0.33
0.68
0.64
0.48
0.33
0.25
0.25
0.27
104
600
779
815
916
971
1830 1790
1826 1473
1360 1300
104
568
784
830
✓
The physical properties listed are typical for greige (untreated) fabrics. Actual values may vary. For additional information, please contact a Technical Service Representative at
830-401-8180.
5704
Basket 8x8
5388
1033
Basket 4x4
5386
Basket 4x4
5384
1050
5H Satin
5383
4H Satin
Plain
285
5353
Plain
5354
281
5352
97
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Plain
Basket 4x4
5724
5726
5728
5731
5745
5755
Weave
Plain
AMS
Style
5713
Hexcel
Style
21
17
31
17
26
24
31
21
17
31
17
26
24
31
Count
Warp Fill
98
Fill Yarn
8.1
6.9
6.0
6.5
8.2
Twaron T-1000 Twaron T-1000 16.2
3300 dtex
3300 dtex
549
454
275
234
203
220
278
Weight
(oz/yd2) (g/m2)
Twaron T-1000 Twaron T-1000 13.4
3300 dtex
3300 dtex
Twaron T-2000 Twaron T-2000
1100 dtex
1100 dtex
Twaron T-2000 Twaron T-2000
1680 dtex
1680 dtex
Twaron T-2040 Twaron T-2040
930 dtex
930 dtex
Twaron T-2000 Twaron T-2000
1100 dtex
1100 dtex
Twaron T-2000 Twaron T-2000
1100 dtex
1100 dtex
Warp Yarn
Aramid Fabric Styles
30.0
24.2
16.1
12.1
10.0
11.0
16.3
0.76
0.61
0.41
0.31
0.25
0.28
0.41
Thickness
(mils) (mm)
987
800
770
775
925
2000 2000
1700 1800
949
775
760
760
900
Breaking
Strength
(lbf/in) (lbf/in)
Common
Style
Plain
Plain
5931
9000
13
31
27
Kevlar 29
1500 denier
ECG 18 1/0
Twaron T-2000 Twaron T-2000
930 dtex
930 dtex
31
13
Twaron T-2000 Twaron T-2000
930 dtex
930 dtex
27
7.8
7.0
5.8
264
237
197
10.2
12.0
10.5
0.26
0.30
0.27
656
900
872
648
950
955
The physical properties listed are typical for greige (untreated) fabrics. Actual values may vary. For additional information, please contact a Technical Service Representative at
830-401-8180.
Plain
5930
99
0.095
0.090
0.064
0.064
0.066
0.070
0.077
S-2 Glass®
Carbon Fiber
Standard Modulus PAN
Carbon Fiber
Intermediate Modulus
PAN
Carbon Fiber
High Modulus PAN
Carbon Fiber
Low Modulus Pitch
Carbon Fiber
High Modulus Pitch
Fiber
E-Glass
Density
(lb/in3)
100
380
230
610
770
530
665
500
Tensile
Strength
(ksi)
92
27
63.3
42.3
33.5
12.5
10.5
Tensile
Modulus
(msi)
0.4
0.8
1
1.8
1.5
5.5
4
Strain to
Failure
(%)
4.96
3.30
9.18
11.97
8.33
7.42
5.28
Specific
Tensile
Strength
(106in)
Technical Reference - English
12.01
3.87
9.52
6.58
5.27
1.40
1.11
Specific
Tensile
Modulus
(108in)
-0.81
-0.33
-0.61
-0.33
-0.33
0.90
3.00
Coefficient
of Thermal
Expansion
(10-6/OF)
6332
6332
6332
6332
6332
1562
1346
Decomposition
Temperature
(OF)
Spectra® 2000
195 denier
Spectra® 1000
375 denier
Spectra® 900
650 denier
Kevlar® KM2
600 denier
Kevlar® LT
400 denier
Kevlar® KM2
850 denier
Kevlar® 129
840 denier
Kevlar® 29
1500 denier
Kevlar® 49
1420 denier
101
424
424
479
497
497
497
348
410
465
0.052
0.052
0.052
0.052
0.052
0.052
0.035
0.035
0.035
16.4
14.9
11.4
11.8
13.6
10.8
13.6
10.9
15.8
2.9
3.1
3.6
3.6
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.4
2.5
13.27
11.70
9.93
9.55
9.55
9.55
9.21
8.15
8.15
4.68
4.25
3.25
2.27
2.61
2.08
2.61
2.10
3.04
-
-
-
-1.22
-1.22
-1.22
-1.22
-1.22
-1.50
302
302
302
842
842
842
842
842
842
Twaron® 2000
Twaron HM
0.052
0.052
Twaron® 1000
®
0.052
Fiber
507
479
507
Tensile
Strength
(ksi)
14.7
12.9
9.4
Tensile
Modulus
(msi)
2.1
3.3
3.7
Strain to
Failure
(%)
9.69
9.21
9.74
Specific
Tensile
Strength
(106in)
2.85
2.50
1.81
Specific
Tensile
Modulus
(108in)
Technical Reference - English (continued)
Density
(lb/in3)
102
-1.33
-1.22
-1.22
Coefficient
of Thermal
Expansion
(10-6/OF)
842
842
842
Decomposition
Temperature
(OF)
®
Carbon Fiber
High Modulus Pitch
Carbon Fiber
Low Modulus Pitch
Carbon Fiber
High Modulus PAN
Carbon Fiber
Intermediate Modulus
PAN
Carbon Fiber
Standard Modulus PAN
S-2 Glass
E-Glass
Fiber
103
Tensile
Strength
(ksi)
2600
4800
3657
5313
4209
1587
2622
Density
(lb/in3)
2.50
2.48
1.76
1.78
1.84
1.93
2.12
635
186
437
292
231
85
72
Tensile
Modulus
(msi)
0.4
0.8
1
1.8
1.5
5.5
4
Strain to
Failure
(%)
12.60
8.38
23.31
30.42
21.18
18.86
13.42
Specific
Tensile
Strength
(106in)
Technical Reference - Metric
30.52
9.84
24.19
16.71
13.38
3.55
2.82
Specific
Tensile
Modulus
(108in)
-1.45
-0.60
-1.10
-0.60
-0.60
0.48
1.6
Coefficient
of Thermal
Expansion
(10-6/OF)
3500
3500
3500
3500
3500
8.50
730
Decomposition
Temperature
(OF)
3305
3429
3429
3429
2401
2829
1.44
1.44
1.44
1.44
0.97
0.97
Kevlar® 129
840 denier
Kevlar® KM2
850 denier
Kevlar® LT
400 denier
Kevlar® KM2
600 denier
Spectra® 900
650 denier
Spectra® 1000
375 denier
2926
1.44
Kevlar® 29
1500 denier
2926
Tensile
Strength
(ksi)
1.44
Density
(lb/in3)
103
79
81
94
75
94
75
109
Tensile
Modulus
(msi)
3.1
3.6
3.6
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.4
2.5
Strain to
Failure
(%)
29.72
25.23
24.27
24.6
24.27
23.39
20.71
20.71
Specific
Tensile
Strength
(106in)
10.80
8.26
5.76
7.52
5.27
6.64
5.32
7.72
Specific
Tensile
Modulus
(108in)
Technical Reference - Metric (continued)
Kevlar® 49
1420 denier
Fiber
104
-
-
-2.20
-2.20
-2.20
-2.20
-2.20
-2.70
Coefficient
of Thermal
Expansion
(10-6/OF)
150
150
450
450
450
450
450
450
Decomposition
Temperature
(OF)
Twaron HM
®
Twaron® 2000
Twaron® 1000
Spectra® 2000
195 denier
105
3209
3498
3305
3498
0.97
1.44
1.44
1.45
103
90
65
113
2.1
3.3
3.7
2.9
24.59
23.39
24.76
33.71
7.23
6.35
4.59
11.89
-2.40
-2.20
-2.20
-
450
450
450
150
SPECIFICATIONS
AMS 3824
This specification covers the basic forms of finished
glass fabrics used by themselves or as components of
other materials.
AMS 3902
This specification covers cloth woven from high-modulus,
continuous, multifilament aramid yarn.
AMS-C-9084
This specification replaces MIL-C-9084 and covers
the requirement for glass fabrics that have been woven,
cleaned and finished for further fabrication into glass
fabric base resin laminates and sandwich materials.
ASTM-D-579
Standard specifications for Greige Woven Glass Fabrics.
This specification includes the basic forms of greige
woven glass fabrics and their testing.
ASTM-D-1668
This specification covers open mesh woven glass fabrics
used for membrane waterproofing and built up roofing
(Type II).
106
ASTM-D-4029
Standard specifications for finished woven glass fabrics.
This specification includes finished fabrics woven from
“E” glass fiber yarns intended as a reinforced material in
laminated plastics for structural use.
SPECIFICATIONS
MIL-C-20079
This specification covers glass and tape used as lagging
material over thermal insulation and as a facing material
for hull insulation board.
MIL-C-22787
Vinyl coated glass fabrics. The base cloth is
glass fabric.
MIL-I-24244
This specification covers thermal insulation with special
corrosion and chloride requirements.
MIL-P-25515
Phenolic Laminates. Glass fabrics used as supports for
phenolic resin laminates.
MIL-Y-1140
This specification covers the basic forms of untreated
glass yarns and fabrics used by themselves or as
components of other materials. The materials are
generally used as electrical insulation, mechanical
support or as structural members.
MIL-R-7575
Resin, Polyester, Low Pressure Laminates, Fiber Glass
Base. Glass fabrics used as supports for polyester
resin laminates.
MIL-R-9300
Resin, Epoxy, Low Pressure Laminates, Fiber Glass
Base. Glass fabrics used as supports for polyester
resin laminates.
107
SPECIFICATIONS
MIL-C-44050A
This specification covers cloth woven from high-modules,
continuous, multifilament yarn.
U.S.C.G. Subpart 164-009
Non-combustible material for merchant vessels. Woven
glass cloth containing not more than 2.5 percent lubricant
is automatically considered non-combustible.
BMS 9-3
This specification covers the Boeing Commercial
Airplane Company’s requirements for woven, cleaned,
and finished E-Glass fiber glass fabrics. End fabric uses
are high performance structural prepreg for aircraft
structure and wet lamination of tooling and structural
composite repair.
BMS 9-8
This specification establishes requirement for
woven and non-woven carbon reinforcements in a
Boeing application.
BMS 9-17
This specification establishes requirements for
intermediate modulus carbon fibers and fabric in a
Boeing application.
108
CONVERSIONS
Areal Weight
2
oz/yd x 33.9057 = g/m2
2
2
g/m x 0.0295 = oz/yd
Mass
oz: ounce, lb: pound
1 oz = 28.35 g • 1 g = 0.035 oz
1 lb = 0.454 kg • 1 kg = 2.205 lb
Force
N: Newton, daN: decaNewton
1 N = 0.102 kgf ≈ 0.1 kgf • 1 daN = kgf ≈ 1kgf
1 kgf = 9.81 N ≈ 10 N or 1 daN
1 lbf = 4.4482 N = 0.4536 kgf
Strength
Pa: Pascal, MPa: megaPascal
1 MPa = 1 N/mm2
1 MPa = 10bars = 0.1 hbar ≈ 10 kgf/cm2 or 0.1 kgf/mm2
1 bar = 0.1 MPa =105 Pa ≈ 1daN/cm ≈ 1 kgf/cm2
1 hbar = 10 MPa = 107 Pa ≈ 1kgf/mm2
100 psi (lbf/in2) = 0.69 MPa • 1 MPa = 145 psi
1 psi (lbf/in2) = 6894.76 Pa ≈ 0.0703kgf/cm2
Length
yd: yard, ft: foot, in: inch
UK mile: 1 mile = 1.609 km • 1 km = 0.62 mile
Nautical Mile: 1 mile = 1.852 km
1 yd = 0.91 m • 1 m =1.09 yd
1 ft (1/3 yd) = 0.3048 m • 1 m = 3.281 ft
1 in (1/12 ft) = 2.54 cm • 1 cm = 0.39 in
109
CONVERSIONS
Surface
1 sq in = 6.45 cm2 · 1 cm2 = 0.15 sq in
1 sq yd = 0.83 m2 · 1m2 = 1.19 sq yd
1 sq ft = 0.093 m2 · 1 m2 = 10.76 sq ft
1 sq mile = 2.59 km2 · 1 km2 = 0.30 sq mile
1 acre = 0.40 ha · 1 ha = 2.47 acre
Volume
1 cu in = 16.39 cm3 · 1 cm3 = 0.06 cu in
1 cu yd = 0.76 m3 · 1 m3 = 1.31 cu yd
1 cu ft = 28.31 dm3 · 1 dm3 = 0.035 cu ft
Density
1 lb/in3 = 27.68 g/cm3 · 1 g/cm3 = 0.036 lb/in3
1 lb/ft3 = 0.016 g/cm3 · 1 g/cm3 = 62 lb/ft3
Capacity
(US) Gallon: 1 gal = 3.781 · 1 l = 0.26 gal
(UK) Gallon: 1 gal = 4.541 · 1 l = 0.21 gal
Consumption
(US) 0 miles/gal = 23.50/100 km · 10 l/100 km = 23.8 miles/gal
(UK) 10 miles/gal = 28.21/100 km · 10 l/100 km = 29.5 miles/gal
Velocity
1 km/h = 0.2778 m/s · 1mph = 1.609 km/h = 0.4470 m/s
110
Yarn Conversions
Tex = 496,055/(yd/lb)
Dtex = Tex X 10 = Denier/.9
Denier = dtex X .9 = 9 tex
Denier = g/9000m
Tex = dtex/10 = g/1000m
CONVERSIONS
Energy and Power
J: Joule, cal: calorie, th: thermal unit, W: watt
Density
1 W = 1 J/s
1 Wh = 3 600 J = 0.860 kcal · 1 kcal = 4 185.5 J = 1,1626 Wh
1 kJ = 0.2389 kcal · 1 cal = 4.185 J = 0.2389 cal
1 th = 1,000 kcan
tep: ton (metric) equivalent fuel oil
tec: tonne (metric) equivalent coal
1 tep = 10,000 th = 11,626 kWh = 11.6 MWh = 1.5 tec 1 100
Nm3 natural gas
Specific Heat
kj/kgK: kilojoule per kilogram Kelvin
Thermal Conductivity
1 W/mK or W/mºC = 0.860 kcal/mhºC
Coefficient of Thermal Loss:
1 W/m3K or W/n3C = 0.8m60 kcal/m3hºC
Temperature
K: Kelvin, ˚C: degree Celsius, ˚F: degree Fahrenheit
TK = ˚C + 273.18˚
˚F = 9/5˚C + 32
111
NOTES
112
US Operations
1913 North King Street
Seguin, Texas 78155
Telephone
(830) 379-1580
Fax
(830) 379-9544
Technical Service
(830) 401-8180
Customer Service Toll Free
(866) 601-5430
For European sale office numbers and
full address list, please go to:
www.hexcel.com/contact/salesoffices
www.hexcel.com
December 2010