Western Connecticut State University
General Chemistry I CHE 110
Hybridization of Molecules
These problems are for practice in determining the hybridization of the central atom of a molecule by
the structure and using orbital diagrams to confirm the Lewis Structure.
For the following molecules complete the following:
1) Draw (or complete) the Lewis Structure
2) Predict the Hybridization of the central atom.
3) Using an orbital diagram, show this hybridization.
4) Identify the number of sigma and pi bonds in both the structure and your orbital diagram.
NH3
H
σ
σ
N
H
Hybridization:
σ
sp3
# of Sigma Bonds:
3
# of Pi Bonds:
0
H
Orbital Diagram:
3 σ Bonds
2p
sp3
2s
One lone pair
PF5
F
Lone Pairs on
all the
Fluorines
F
F
σ
σ
P
σ
Hybridization:
σ
σ
F
sp3d
# of Sigma Bonds:
5
# of Pi Bonds:
0
F
Orbital Diagram:
5 σ Bonds
3d
3p
3s
sp3d
+
4 “pure”
3d
Western Connecticut State University
General Chemistry I CHE 110
Hybridization of Molecules
IF2-
-
F
I
sp3d
Hybridization:
F
# of Sigma Bonds:
2
# of Pi Bonds:
0
σ Bonds
Orbital Diagram:
From -1 Charge!
2 σ Bonds
5d
5p
Three lone pairs
5s
+
sp3d
CO32-
Hybridization:
O
σ
C
σ
O
2-
4 “pure”
5d
sp2
# of Sigma Bonds:
3
# of Pi Bonds:
1
σ/π
O
Orbital Diagram:
3 σ Bonds
2p
2s
sp2
1 π Bond
+
“pure”
2p
Western Connecticut State University
General Chemistry I CHE 110
Hybridization of Molecules
HCN
Hybridization:
H
σ
C
σ/2π
N
sp
# of Sigma Bonds:
2
# of Pi Bonds:
2
Orbital Diagram:
2 σ Bonds
2p
sp
2 π Bonds
+
2s
TeF5-1
“pure”
2p
Hybridization:
Lone Pairs on
all the
Fluorines
All sigma
bonds
F
F
-
F
Te
F
sp3d
# of Sigma Bonds:
5
# of Pi Bonds:
0
F
Orbital Diagram:
From -1 Charge!
5 σ Bonds
5d
5p
5s
One lone pair
sp3d2
+
3 “pure”
5d
Western Connecticut State University
General Chemistry I CHE 110
Hybridization of Molecules
I3-
Hybridization:
-
I
I
I
sp3d
# of Sigma Bonds:
2
# of Pi Bonds:
0
σ Bonds
Orbital Diagram:
From -1 Charge!
2 σ Bonds
5d
5p
Three lone pairs
5s
ClF3 (Chlorine is the central atom here)
F
F
σ
σ
sp3d
4 “pure”
5d
+
Hybridization:
sp3d
# of Sigma Bonds:
3
# of Pi Bonds:
0
Cl σ F
Orbital Diagram:
3 σ Bonds
3
3p
3s
Two lone pairs
sp3d
+
4 “pure”
3d
Western Connecticut State University
General Chemistry I CHE 110
Hybridization of Molecules
H
C
H
For this problem, do each indicated atom
individually below.
In addition, answer the following:
How many sigma bonds total are in the structure?
C1
C
C
C
C
C
H
____________21_____________
O
O
C
O
H
C
How many pi bonds total are in the structure?
H
H
O
C
C2
____________5_______________
H
H
C1
Hybridization: ___sp2___ # of Sigma Bonds:____3____# of Pi Bonds:____1_____
Orbital Diagram:
3σ
2p
2s
1π
+
sp2
“pure”
2p
C2
Hybridization: ___sp3___ # of Sigma Bonds:____4____# of Pi Bonds:_____0____
Orbital Diagram:
4 σ Bonds
2p
sp3
2s
O
Hybridization: ___sp3___ # of Sigma Bonds:____2____# of Pi Bonds:_____0____
Orbital Diagram:
2 σ Bonds
2p
2s
Two lone pairs
sp3