LEEDS METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF HEALTH .
SCHOOL OF HEALTH SCIENCES
COURSE:
BSc (Hons)
DATE:
Monday 28th June
EXAMINATION TIME:
14.00 – 16.00 (2 hours)
LEVEL:
One
EXAMINERS:
Dr Ghazala Tabasam
Dr Margarita Gomez Escalada
CRN
3663
TITLE OF EXAMINATION:
Health Sciences 1 RESIT
..................................................................................................................................
Notes for candidates:
Answer ALL questions.
Instructions
You are required to SELECT the MOST APPROPRIATE answer for each
question and to CIRCLE the appropriate letter on this book. You must
CIRCLE ONLY ONE ANSWER PER QUESTION.
1. ATTEMPT ALL QUESTIONS
2. READ EACH QUESTION CAREFULLY
..................................................................................................................................
PLEASE INSERT YOUR STUDENT ID NUMBER AND COURSE BELOW
YOU MUST HAND IN THIS EXAM SCRIPT AT THE END OF THE
EXAMINATION
Candidate number:..............................................................
Course: BSc (Hons) Nursing ..................................................
You are required to SELECT the MOST APPROPRIATE answer for each question and to CIRCLE
the appropriate letter in this book. You must CIRCLE ONLY ONE ANSWER PER QUESTION.
Your answers should also be recorded on an optical mark reader score sheet (EDPAC - pink form)
as follows;
Using an HB PENCIL strike through the letter (A,B,C, D or E) that indicates the answer you think is
correct as shown below:
[ A]
[ B]
[C]
Do NOT mark any part of the form like this
[D]
[ A]
or
[ E]
[ A]
or
[ A]
If you wish to change an answer use a pencil eraser to completely remove the incorrect mark.
It is important that you do not "dirty" the score sheet with stray marks.
DO NOT FOLD THE SCORE SHEET.
To add your personal details to the EDPAC (pink) form
1. Insert the letters of your surname into the Candidate name box and strike out the
corresponding letters (A, B, C, D or E) in the column below
2. Insert your student id into the Candidate number box and strike out the corresponding
numbers.
3. Insert the Subject code 001 into the Subject number box and strike out the corresponding
numbers (001) in the column below -all candidates have the same subject code
4. Write the name of your degree course (e.g. Human Biology) into the Subject box.
5. An example of a completed EDPAC sheet is provided at the end of this paper.
60 marks
Attempt to answer ALL questions.
REMEMBER: SELECT the MOST APPROPRIATE answer for each question
INSTRUCTIONS
Choose the ONE alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. CIRCLE
the appropriate letter on this sheet.
REMEMBER TO TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE OPTICAL MARK READER SHEET
(THE PINK EDPAC SHEET)
1.
The correct sequence for a reflex arc is: 1 = post-ganglionic neuron, 2 =
receptor, 3 = effector, 4 = control center, 5 = afferent neuron, 6 = preganglionic neuron
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
2.
If a response increases the original stimulus, the system is
classified as a ___________ feedback system
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
3.
positive
polarised
negated
neutral
negative
Which of the following is paired CORRECTLY?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
4.
2, 5, 4, 1, 3, 6
1, 5, 4, 2, 6, 3
5, 1, 3, 2, 4, 6
2, 5, 4, 6, 1, 3
2, 5, 3, 1, 6, 4
thermoreceptors – help to produce taste
chemoreceptors - detect blood pressure
mechanoreceptors – help to detect blood pressure
photoreceptors – help to produce photons
nociceptors – detect tissue damage
Which of the following is TRUE?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
there is 2 pairs of coccygeal spinal nerves
there are 8 pairs of cervical spinal nerves
there are 3 pairs of sacral spinal nerves
there are 10 pairs of thoracic spinal nerves
there are 8 pairs of lumbar spinal nerves
5.
The most important factors that determine the speed of nerve
impulse propagation are:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
the number of dendrites and the presence or absence of
the myelin sheath
fiber diameter and presence or absence of myelin sheath
the strength of the stimulus and the potassium level
present in the axon
the level of the spinal cord nerve and the nerve fiber's
diameter
the strength of the stimulus and the sodium level present
6. The integrating centre which controls a feedback loop is
typically sited within the:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
7.
nervous system
endocrine system
cardiovascular system
respiratory system
gastrointestinal system
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)
electrical inhibition of a cell membrane is termed
hyperpolarisation
B) stimulus intensity is coded by the frequency of action
potentials
C) a travelling action potential is called an impulse
D) fibers with larger diameters conduct impulses slower than
fibers with smaller diameters
E) myelinated fibers conduct impulses faster than
unmyelinated fibers
8.
Which of the following is NOT a neurotransmitter?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
dendriton
gamma amino butyric acid
serotonin
acetylcholine
dopamine
9. Which of the following is true regarding neurotransmitters?
A) neurotransmitters are released by glands and transported in
the blood to their target tissue
B) excitatory neurotransmitters activate the post synaptic neuron
by travelling through ionic channels
C) neurotransmitters can be washed away from the synaptic cleft
by the blood
D) neurotransmitters can be actively transported back into the
neuron that released them
E) neurotransmitters remain in the synaptic cleft for many weeks
10. Which of the following is characteristic of the
parasympathetic nervous system?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
heart rate increases
liver stores glucose
bronchioles dilate
pupils dilate
blood pressure increases
11. Which of the following are characteristic of synaptic function?
A)
The synapse is the functional unit of integration in the nervous
system
B) Action potentials can be transmitted in either direction at a
synapse
C) Excitatory post synaptic potentials (EPSPs) cannot undergo
spatial summation because during EPSP the membrane is
absolutely refractory to a second stimulus
D) Release of an inhibitory transmitter agent from a presynaptic
terminal will lead to a depolarization of the postsynaptic cell
membrane
F) Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) stimulate the release
of excitatory transmitter agents from presynaptic terminals
12.
The output part of the autonomic nervous system has two
principal divisions:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
13.
Which two systems regulate the homeostatic responses of
the body?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
14.
central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
preganglionic afferent nerves and postganglionic efferent
nerves
sensory and motor
sympathetic and parasympathetic
spinal nerves and cranial nerves
digestive and urinary
reproductive and endocrine
cardiovascular and respiratory
endocrine and nervous
skeletal and muscular
The withdrawal reflex:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
usually has noise as the stimulus
is operated by the autonomic nervous system
involves extension of a limb
is carefully thought out
is an example of an ipsilateral reflex
15.
Heart rate is predominantly monitored and regulated in the:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
16.
Which of the following is considered to be the pacemaker of
the heart?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
17.
P
QRS
T
PQ
SA
As a result of ventricular relaxation, there is a force in
which blood pushes against arterial walls. This force is
called:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
20.
monocytes
leukocytes
lymphocytes
erythrocytes
thrombocytes
Depolarisation of the ventricles causes which wave of the
electrocardiograph?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
19.
sinoarterial fibers
the bundle of his
atrioventricular valve
atrioventricular node
sinoatrial node
Which cell type lack a nucleus, cannot reproduce and
consist of a "Biconcave disk shape" that is only 7.5µm
wide?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
18.
medulla
respiratory centre
pons
thalamus
spinal cord
systolic blood pressure
pulmonary blood pressure
diastolic blood pressure
venous pressure
synaptic blood pressure
Haemopoiesis may be best described as:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
filtering of the blood cells
the examination of erythrocytes
plasma separation
formation of blood cells
blood cell mitosis
21.
The type of circulation that carries blood from the lungs to
the heart is referred to as:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
22.
systemic circulation
systematic circulation
respiratory circulation
pulmonary circulation
hepatic portal circulation
Which blood cells are formed from fragmentation of
metamegakaryocytes?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
23.
White blood cells constitute about ________ of the blood
volume.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
24.
epicardium
endocardium
myocardium
myocardial cortex
visceral pericardium
The delay in spread of the cardiac action potential from the
atria to the ventricles is imposed by the:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
26.
1%
80%
25%
45%
60%
The outermost layer of the heart is called the :
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
25.
lymphocytes
monocytes
thrombocytes
eosinophils
erythrocytes
atrioventricular node
sinoatrial node
septum
purkinje fibres
bundle of His
Blood pressure is usually measured in the left brachial
artery using a(n):
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
sphygmomanometer
stethomanometer
spectromanometer
electrocardiograph
electroechograph
27.
Interstitial or tissue fluid:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
floods out from arterioles when sphincter muscle fibres contract
is supplied by the liver
is formed by ultrafiltration in the kidneys
is found inside cells
emerges largely from the arterial end of capillary beds
and bathes cells
28. Pulmonary ventilation may be best defined as the:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
taking of air in through the nose
exchange of gases between the atmosphere, blood and cells
exchange of gases between the lungs and the atmosphere
taking oxygen into and out of the blood
exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood
29. The principal inspiratory muscles are:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
external intercostals and the diaphragm
pleural muscles and the diaphragm
diaphragm and the thoracic wall
internal intercostals and the thoracic wall
internal intercostals and the diaphragm
30. Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the
lungs is:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
less than the pressure in the atmosphere
greater than the pressure in the atmosphere
equal to the pressure in the atmosphere
less than intrapulmonic pressure
greater than intraalveolar pressure
31. Which stimuli predominantly drive the desire to breathe?
A)
B)
C)
increase in sodium and potassium ions in the blood
increase in partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide
build up of oxygen in the body and increase in hydrogen
ions
D) build up of potassium ions in the blood
E) increase in partial pressure of carbon dioxide and build up of
hydrogen ions
32.
A part of the nervous system that coordinates the
transition between inspiration and expiration by sending impulses
to the inspiratory area that activates it and prolongs inspiration,
thus inhibiting expiration is called:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
the medullary rhythmicity area – inspiratory area
the apneustic area in the pons
the pneumotaxic area in the pons
the vomitting centre
the medullary rhythmicity area – expiratory area
33.
A respiratory disorder, whereby the airways OCCASIONALLY
narrow, producing difficulty in breathing, coughing and wheezing is
known as:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
34.
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the small intestine which
aids in the absorption of nutrients from the gut:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
35.
E)
regulation of blood pressure
regulation of blood ionic composition
regulation of blood pH
removal of metabolic waste products (with the exception
of carbon dioxide) from the body
removal of old red blood cells from the circulation
The correct order for the flow of filtrate through the kidney
tubule is:
A)
B)
C)
C)
D)
37.
large surface area
possession of a lacteal for fat absorption
good blood supply
very thick membrane
all of the above are features the aid absorption
Functions of the kidney include all of the following except:
A)
B)
C)
D)
36.
Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Asthma
Pulmonary oedema
Sarcoidosis
bowmans capsule, loop of henle, proximal convoluted
tubule, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct
bowmans capsule, distal convoluted tubule, loop of henle,
distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct
bowmans capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, distal
convoluted tubule, collecting duct, loop of henle
bowmans capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of
henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct
bowmans capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, collecting
duct, distal convoluted tubule, loop of henle
Which of the following is true about antidiuretic hormone
(ADH)?
A) its target organ is the heart.
B) alcohol stimulates ADH secretion.
C) ADH is released during dehydration and it closes water
channels in the collecting duct of the nephron
D) it is also called vasopressin.
E) the secretion of ADH increases when you drink 1 litre of water.
38.
Water reabsorption in the kidney:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
39.
Nerve impulses from the hypothalamus directly stimulate
release of hormones from the:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
40.
slow down chemical reactions in the gastrointestinal tract
slow down gastrointestinal tract motility
speed up gastrointestinal tract motility
speed up chemical reactions in the gastrointestinal tract
both answers C and D are correct
Which of the following is NOT a process that is important in normal
kidney function?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
43.
cardiovascular
endocrine
gastrointestinal
urinary
respiratory
Digestive enzymes;
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
42.
anterior pituitary gland only
posterior pituitary gland only
thyroid gland
adrenal cortex
both the anterior and posterior pituitary gland
Which system is composed of a series of glands that
secrete hormones.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
41.
is linked to the reabsorption of solutes from the filtrate
does not involve aquaporins
is a primary active transport process
is 100% facultative (regulated)
is under the control of the hormone oxytocin
tubular reabsorption
tubular reorganization
glomerular filtration
tubular secretion
None of the above
Which of the following substances would be expected in the
urine of a healthy individual?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Microbes
Red blood cells
Albumin
Creatine
Glucose
44.
Pain can best be defined as:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
45.
Nociceptors:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
46.
A sensory experience that is ALWAYS produced by
tissue damage
A sensation that produces a withdrawal (flexor) reflex
An emotional experience associated with unpleasant
situation
An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience
associated with tissue damage
None of the above
are preferentially sensitive to stimuli which produce
tissue damage
when activated don’t produce a sensation of pain
are preferentially sensitive to mechanical stimuli
are preferentially sensitive to non-noxious stimuli
are preferentially sensitive to thermal stimuli
A sensation of pain involves:
A) a sensory dimension
B) an affective dimension
C) a cognitive dimension
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
47.
The two tracts involved in the transmission of noxious
information are:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
48.
Homeostasis refers to the:A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
49.
reticulospinal and thalamospinal
spinothalamic and corticospinal
corticospinal and thalamospinal
spinothalamic and spinoreticular
corticospinal and spinoreticular
stoppage of bleeding
formation of blood cells
maintenance of the body
maintenance of blood cells
constant conditions in the internal environment of the
body
Which of the following processes utilizes a positive
feedback loop?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Child Birth
Regulation of body temperature
Regulation of blood pressure
Regulation of blood pH
All of the above
50.
The alternate expansion and recoil of elastic arteries
after each systole of the left ventricle creates a pressure wave
that travels through the arteries that is called the:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
sounds
pulse
velocity wave
impulse
circulation time
51. Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa and algae can be grouped together
because:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
52.
Which of the following statements is TRUE about prokaryotic cells?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
53.
D)
E)
it is a unique structure of bacteria
it is composed of peptidoglycan
depending on the Gram reaction, they can be Gram positive or Gram
negative
it gives the cells rigidity
it is highly impermeable and does not allow chemicals or water to
pass through
In which of the following body sites you wouldn’t find commensal
flora?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
55.
they have complex cell structures
their cells have organelles
the nucleus is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane
they are much larger than eukaryotic cells
they are found in big groups forming complex tissues
Which of the following statements regarding the bacterial cell wall is
FALSE?
A)
B)
C)
54.
they have similar cellular structures
they are all related
they are all prokaryotes
they are all small in size
they are all found in similar ecosystems
skin
liver
nose
large intestine
upper respiratory tract
Which of the following in NOT a weapon used by microorganisms to
invade our body:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
toxins
enzymes
the ability to attach to specific sites
antibodies
strength of numbers
56.
Which of the following is NOT a vector for disease transmission?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
57.
Which of these statements is TRUE regarding venereal transmission
of infection?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
58.
respiratory
foot to mouth
salivary
faecal-oral
venereal
Which of the following is NOT part of the first line of defense against
infection:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
60.
it is passed through mucosal contact
the diseases that spread this way, spread very slowly
it is easy to control the spread of infections transmitted this way
it is not a very efficient method of transmission
outside the body
Which of the following is NOT a type of person to person
transmission?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
59.
insects
food
hypodermic needle
air
all of the above are vectors for disease transmission
lysozyme in tears
flushing of urinary tract with urine
phagocytes in the site of infection
rapid pH change in the gastro-intestinal tract
sebum on the skin
Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
rubor
tumor
calor
redor
dolor
REMEMBER TO TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE OPTICAL MARK
READER SHEET (THE PINK EDPAC SHEET)