Chapter 20 Master Budgets and Performance Planning QUESTIONS 1. A budget helps managers control and monitor a business by 1) communicating plans to employees, 2) coordinating the activities of different parts of the organization, and 3) providing a basis for deciding whether actual performance is acceptable (through benchmarking). Budgeting also helps 4) promote analysis, 5) focus on the future, and 6) motivate employees. 2. Two common benchmarks used by managers to evaluate performance are: past performance and budgeted performance. Budgeted performance is generally more useful because it is based on more current business conditions and information that are presumably reflected in the numbers. 3. Continuous budgeting provides managers a full set of updated budgets each time a budget period goes by. In a changing environment, continuous budgeting should provide superior information for effective planning. 4. Three common short-term horizons for planning and budgeting purposes are: monthly, quarterly, and annually. A semiannual planning horizon is also popular. 5. Budgeting can be a strong positive motivating force if employees are involved or consulted in the process. This participation promotes their commitment to reaching the specified goals—such a process is called participatory budgeting. Alternatively, if employees are not consulted, budgets may produce negative attitudes and dysfunctional behavior in an organization. 6. Budgeting helps management coordinate and plan business activities by providing specific guidance for the individual activities of various departments and employees. 7. The sales budget reflects the expected sales to be made over a period of time, stated in dollars and/or units. The sales budget is the most important of all the component budgets of the master budget because it is used to set purchasing/production levels and the related selling and administrative activities and expenditures. 8. A selling expense budget is a plan of the expenses to be incurred to produce the planned amount of sales. The capital expenditures budget lists dollar amounts of plant assets to be disposed of and additional plant assets to be purchased during the budget period. ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1091 9. Budgeting promotes good decision making by requiring managers to conduct research (or analysis) and by focusing their attention on the future. 10. A cash budget shows the planned cash receipts and cash disbursements for each budget period, including any loans to be received or repaid. Since the operating budgets and the capital expenditures budget reflect transactions and events that produce cash inflows and cash outflows, the cash budget can be completed only after these companion budgets are completed. 11. A production budget shows the number of units to be produced each budget period. Based on the number of units to be produced (taken from the production budget), the manufacturing budget shows the budgeted costs for direct materials, direct labor, and factory overhead. 12. A manager of an Apple store would have responsibility for and decision control over budgeting for his/her store. A manager at the corporate offices may participate in, but would not likely be involved in the budgeting for individual stores, but would have responsibility and decision control over administrative budgets. 13. With the exception of the decision to operate, the manager of an Arctic Cat distribution center is not likely to engage in a substantial amount of long-term budgeting. Once the distribution center is up and operating, the vast majority of decisions will focus on day-to-day operations. Most of the decisions concerning freight carriers, pricing, and product mix are often made at the corporate level. However, corporate level decision-making should incorporate information and expectations provided by the operating managers of distribution centers. 14. Budget Participant Description Sales manager ....................Information on estimated sales (units and dollars). Production manager ...........Number of units to produce based on estimated sales. Manufacturing manager .....Amount of direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead to produce the estimated level of production. Sales manager ....................Cost of selling the estimated sales level. General & administrative managers ...............Cost to support operations; most often are fixed costs. Capital expenditures Prepare plans to have available plant assets necessary committee ...........................to carry on business activities. Cash managers ...................Working with the above budgets, this team will prepare cash flow analysis. Accounting and finance staff .....................................Financial budgets prepared from above information. ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1092 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition QUICK STUDIES Quick Study 20-1 (5 minutes) Correct answer is 4. Quick Study 20-2 (10 minutes) Three useful guidelines to help motivate employees with budgeting are 1. Employees affected by a budget should be consulted when it is prepared. 2. Goals reflected in a budget should be attainable. 3. Evaluations of performance should be made carefully with opportunities to explain any failures and discrepancies. Quick Study 20-3 (15 minutes) Montel Company Computation of Budgeted Cost of Purchases For Month Ended July 31 Budgeted ending inventory ........................................................................ $ 40,000 Budgeted cost of goods to be sold [$600,000 x (1 – 40%)] ..................... 360,000 Required available merchandise ................................................................ 400,000 Less budgeted beginning inventory .......................................................... 50,000 Budgeted cost of purchases ...................................................................... $350,000 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1093 Quick Study 20-4 (10 minutes) 1. The bottom-up approach to budgeting is considered more successful because without active employee involvement in preparing budget figures, there is a risk these employees will feel that the numbers fail to reflect their special problems and needs. It also has the benefit of directly involving those employees who regularly confront and deal with day-to-day situations. 2. Examples of bottom-up budgeting include Involving the sales department in preparing sales estimates. Involving the production department in preparing its own expense budget. Quick Study 20-5 (15 minutes) Computation of budgeted Accounts Receivable balance as of July 31 Sales month Total Sales June.....................$420,000 July ...................... 398,000 Total .................... Credit Sales* $168,000 159,200 Percent Still Uncollected* 10% 80% Amount Uncollected $ 16,800 127,360 $144,160 * Credit sales are 40% of total sales—of these credit sales, 20% are collected in the sale month, 70% are collected in the month after sale, and 10% are collected in the second month after sale. Quick Study 20-6 (15 minutes) Gado Merchandising Company Cash Budget For Month Ended March 31 Beginning cash balance .......................................................... $ 72,000 Cash receipts from sales ........................................................ 300,000 Total cash available ................................................................. Cash disbursements Payments for purchases ........................................................ 140,000 Salaries ....................................................................................80,000 Other expenses .......................................................................45,000 Repayment of bank loan ........................................................20,000 Total cash disbursements ..................................................... Ending cash balance ............................................................... $372,000 285,000 $ 87,000 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1094 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Quick Study 20-7 (10 minutes) 1. Activity-based budgeting requires managers to focus on the activities of their departments, forecast the individual activity levels, identify the resources required to carry out the activities, and estimate the costs of those resources. 2. Traditional budgeting consists of listing the amount of resources required for each department (such as salaries and utilities). Activitybased budgeting allows managers to better justify changes in budgeted amounts based on changes in activity levels. Quick Study 20-8 (15 minutes) Forrest Company Production Budget For Month Ended November 30 Next month’s budgeted sales ............................................................... 350,000 Ratio of inventory to future sales ......................................................... x 10% Budgeted ending inventory .................................................................. 35,000 Add budgeted sales for the month ...................................................... 400,000 Required units of available production ............................................... 435,000 Less beginning inventory ..................................................................... 40,000 Units to be produced ............................................................................. 395,000 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1095 Quick Study 20-9 (15 minutes) Forrest Company Factory Overhead Budget For Month Ended November 30 Units to be produced (from QS 20-8) ................................................... 395,000 Variable factory overhead rate per unit ............................................... x $1.50 Budgeted variable overhead ................................................................. $ 592,500 Budgeted fixed overhead ......................................................................4,600,000 Budgeted total overhead ....................................................................... $5,192,500 Quick Study 20-10 (10 minutes) Grace Sales Budget For Month Ended June 30 Prior month’s unit sales ........................................................................ 1,000 Plus 4% growth in unit sales ................................................................ 40 Projected June sales (units) ................................................................. 1,040 Selling price per unit ............................................................................. x $250 Projected sales for June ....................................................................... $260,000 Quick Study 20-11 (10 minutes) Grace Selling Expense Budget For Month Ended June 30 Budgeted sales (from QS 20-10) .......................................................... $260,000 Sales commission percent ................................................................... x 8% Sales commissions ............................................................................... 20,800 Sales manager’s monthly salary .......................................................... 6,000 Projected selling expense for June ..................................................... $ 26,800 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1096 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Quick Study 20-12 (10 minutes) Grace Budgeted Cash Receipts For Month Ended June 30 Budgeted sales (from QS 20-10) .......................................................... $260,000 Less ending accounts receivable ($260,000 x 0.40) ........................... 104,000 Cash sales ($260,000 x 0.60)) ............................................................... 156,000 Collections of last month’s receivables* ............................................. 100,000 Total cash receipts ................................................................................ $256,000 *$250,000 x 40% = $100,000. Last month’s sales of $250,000 from QS 20-10. Quick Study 20-13 (15 minutes) Sales ....................................................................................................... Office salaries paid ............................................................................... Accumulated depreciation ................................................................... Amortization expense ........................................................................... Interest paid on note payable .............................................................. Cash dividends paid ............................................................................. Bank loan owed ..................................................................................... Cost of goods sold ................................................................................ BIS BIS BBS BIS BIS NA BBS BIS Quick Study 20-14 (10 minutes) CANDLE SHOPPE Cash Receipts Budget For Month Ended September 30 Cash receipts from September cash sales (40% x $170,000) ............ $ 68,000 Collection of prior month’s receivables (60% x $150,000) ................ 90,000 Total cash receipts ................................................................................ $158,000 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1097 Quick Study 20-15 (10 minutes) WELLS COMPANY Budgeted Cash Receipts For Month Ended November 30 Cash receipts from November cash sales (20% x $80,000) ............... $ 16,000 Collection of October’s sales (70% x $66,000) .................................... 46,200 Collection of September’s sales (10% x $55,000) ............................... 5,500 Total cash receipts ................................................................................ $ 67,700 Quick Study 20-16 (10 minutes) GORDANDS Cash Disbursements for Merchandise (Budgeted) For Month Ended September 30 Cash disbursements for September purchases (25% x $720,000) ....$180,000 Cash disbursements for August purchases (75% x $600,000)........... 450,000 Total cash disbursements ....................................................................$630,000 Quick Study 20-17 (10 minutes) MEYER CO. Cash Disbursements for Merchandise (Budgeted) For January, February, and March January February March Purchases ..................................................... $15,800 $18,600 $20,200 $ 7,440 $ 8,080 9,480 11,160 $16,920 $19,240 Cash disbursements for Current month’s purchases (40%) ......... $ 6,320 Prior month’s purchases (60%) ............... 22,000* Total cash disbursements for purchases ..... $28,320 * Accounts payable balance at December 31 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1098 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Quick Study 20-18 (5 minutes) RAIDER-X CORP. Purchases Budget (in units) For Month Ended April 30 Budgeted ending inventory (130% x 3,000) ......................................... 3,900 Budgeted sales for April (units) ........................................................... 18,000 Required units of available inventory .................................................. 21,900 Less beginning inventory (units) ......................................................... (3,000) Units to be purchased ........................................................................... 18,900 Quick Study 20-19 (15 minutes) LEXI COMPANY Merchandise Purchases Budget For April, May, and June April May Next month’s budgeted sales (units) ......... 1,220,000 Ratio of inventory to future sales ............... x 30% 980,000 x 30% June 1,020,000 x 30% 366,000 294,000 306,000 Add budgeted sales (units) ......................... 1,040,000 1,220,000 980,000 Required units of available merch. ........... 1,406,000 1,514,000 1,286,000 Budgeted ending inventory (units) ............ Deduct beginning inventory (units) ........... (280,000) Units to be purchased ................................. 1,126,000 (366,000) 1,148,000 (294,000) 992,000 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1099 Quick Study 20-20 (10 minutes) CHAMP, INC. Production Budget For Month Ended May 31 Next month’s budgeted sales (units) ................................................... 200 Ratio of inventory to future sales ......................................................... x 60% Budgeted ending inventory (units) ...................................................... 120 Add budgeted sales for the month (units) .......................................... 180 Required units of available production ............................................... 300 Deduct beginning inventory (units) ..................................................... (50) Units to be produced ............................................................................. 250 Quick Study 20-21 (10 minutes) ZORTEK CORP. Direct Materials Budget For Month Ended January 31 Budget production (units) ..................................................................... 400 Materials requirements per unit ........................................................... x 5 lbs. Materials needed for production (lbs.) ................................................ 2,000 Add budgeted ending inventory (200* units x 5 lbs. per unit x 40%) .... 400 Total materials requirements (lbs.) ...................................................... 2,400 Deduct beginning inventory (lbs.) ........................................................ (130) Materials to be purchased (lbs.) ........................................................... 2,270 Materials price per pound ..................................................................... $ 2 Total cost of direct materials purchases ............................................. $4,540 *February’s budgeted production. ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1100 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Quick Study 20-22 (5 minutes) TORA CO. Direct Labor Budget For Month Ended July 31 Budget production (units) ..................................................................... 1,020 Labor requirements per unit (hours) ................................................... x 2 Total labor hours needed ...................................................................... 2,040 Labor rate (per hour) ............................................................................. $ 20 Labor dollars .......................................................................................... $40,800 Quick Study 20-23 (10 minutes) SCORA INC. Sales Budget For January, February, and March Budgeted Unit Sales Budgeted Budgeted Unit Price Total Sales January ......................................................... 1,200 $50 $ 60,000 February........................................................ 2,000 50 100,000 March ............................................................ 1,600 50 80,000 Totals for the quarter ................................... 4,800 $50 $240,000 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1101 Quick Study 20-24 (10 minutes) SCORA INC. Cash Receipts Budget For January, February, and March January February March Sales (from QS 20-23) .................................. $60,000 $100,000 $80,000 Less ending accts. receivable (60%) ......... 36,000 60,000 48,000 Cash sales (40% of sales) .......................... 24,000 40,000 32,000 Collections of prior month’s receivables ...... 15,000 36,000 60,000 Total cash receipts ..................................... $39,000 $76,000 $92,000 January February March Budgeted sales (from QS 20-23) ................ $60,000 $100,000 $80,000 Sales commission percent ......................... x 10% x 10% x 10% Cash receipts from Quick Study 20-25 (10 minutes) SCORA INC. Selling Expense Budget For January, February, and March Sales commissions .................................... 6,000 10,000 8,000 Sales manager monthly salary ................... 6,000 6,000 6,000 Total selling expenses ............................... $12,000 $ 16,000 $14,000 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1102 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Quick Study 20-26 (5 minutes) MESSERS COMPANY Cash Budget For Month Ended February 28 Beginning cash balance ........................................................................ $ 20,000 Cash receipts ......................................................................................... 75,000 Total cash available ............................................................................... 95,000 Cash disbursements.............................................................................. (100,250) Preliminary cash balance ...................................................................... $ (5,250) Additional loan from bank .................................................................... 10,250 Ending cash balance ............................................................................. $ 5,000 Based on the cash budget above, the company must borrow $10,250 during February to maintain a $5,000 cash balance. Quick Study 20-27 (10 minutes) 1. Sales (current year) ................................................................. (in € millions) €25,400 Sales growth (€25,400 x 3%) ................................................... 762 Budgeted sales (next year) ..................................................... €26,162 2. Note: Assume sales of €26,000 for this question. Budgeted selling expenses (€26,000 x 20%) ......................... €5,200 Budgeted general and admin. expenses (€26,000 x 4%) ..... 1,040 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1103 EXERCISES Exercise 20-1 (25 minutes) KAYAK COMPANY Cash Budget For January, February, and March January February March Beginning cash balance ..............................$ 30,000 $ 30 ,000 $ 69,294 Cash receipts ............................................... 525,000 400,000 450,000 Total cash available ..................................... 555,000 430,000 519,294 Cash disbursements.................................... 475,000 350,000 525,000 February ($10,600 x 1%) ............................________ 106 ________ Preliminary cash balance ............................ 79,400 79,894 Interest expense January ($60,000 x 1%) ............................ 600 Additional loan from bank .......................... (5,706) 35,706 Repayment of loan to bank ......................... (49,400) (10,600) ________ Ending cash balance ...................................$ 30,000 $ 69,294 $ 30,000 Ending loan balance*...................................$ 10,600 $ $ 35,706 0 *Loan balance is $60,000 at the beginning of January. January’s ending loan balance is computed as $60,000 – 49,400. ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1104 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Exercise 20-2 (30 minutes) 1. Merchandise Purchases Budget Note: Shaded numbers represent known information provided in the exercise. Walker Company Merchandise Purchases Budget For July, August, and September July August September Next month’s budgeted sales .............. 315,000 270,000 200,000 (10) Ratio of inventory to next month sales . x 15% (9) x 15% (9) x 15% (9) (6) 40,500 (3) 30,000 Budgeted ending inventory ................. 47,250 Add budgeted sales for month ............ 180,000 315,000 Required units available inventory ..... 227,250 (7) 355,500 (4) 300,000 (1) (8) 47,250 (5) 40,500 (2) Less beginning inventory .................... 27,000 Budgeted merchandise purchases ..... 200,250 270,000 308,250 259,500 The following notes (1) through (10) provide supporting calculations and explanations. Notes: (1) September required units Ending inventory Add budgeted sales Total required in September (2) September beginning Inventory Total required (1 above) Less budgeted purchases September beginning inventory 30,000 270,000 300,000 300,000 (259,500) 40,500 (3) September Beginning Inventory = August Ending Inventory (4) August required units Ending inventory Add budgeted sales Total required in August 40,500 315,000 355,500 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1105 Exercise 20-2 (concluded) Notes: concluded (5) August beginning inventory Total required (4 above) Less budgeted purchases August beginning inventory 355,500 (308,250) 47,250 (6) August Beginning Inventory = July Ending Inventory (7) July required units Ending inventory Add budgeted sales Total required in July 47,250 180,000 227,250 (8) July Beginning Inventory Total required (7 above) Less budgeted purchases July beginning inventory 227,250 (200,250) 27,000 (9) Percent of Sales to be held as Ending Inventory Ending inventory for August = 40,500 September Sales 270,000 This percentage is constant for the three months. (10) October expected sales September Ending Inventory Required % = 30,000 15% = 15% = 200,000 2. Monthly ending inventory is 15% of next month’s sales (see note #9). 3. October budgeted sales = 200,000 (see note #10 above). ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1106 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Exercise 20-3 (25 minutes) ACCO COMPANY Cash Budget For Month Ended July 31 Beginning cash balance ................................................ $ 50,000 Cash receipts from sales (note 1) ..................................1,364,000 Total cash available ....................................................... $1,414,000 Cash disbursements Payments for merchandise (note 2)............................. 730,000 Salaries ......................................................................... 275,000 Other expenses ............................................................ 200,000 Accrued taxes .............................................................. 80,000 Interest on bank loan .................................................. 6,600 Total cash disbursements ............................................ 1,291,600 Ending cash balance ..................................................... $ 122,400 Supporting calculations (1) Cash receipts in July from sales From May sales ($1,720,000 x 20%) .............. From June sales ($1,200,000 x 50%) ............. From July sales ($1,400,000 x 30%) .............. Total ................................................................. $ 344,000 600,000 420,000 $1,364,000 (2) Cash disbursements in July for merchandise For June purchases ($700,000 x 40%) .......... $ 280,000 For July purchases ($750,000 x 60%) ........... 450,000 Total ................................................................. $ 730,000 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1107 Exercise 20-4 (45 minutes) ACCO COMPANY Budgeted Income Statement For Month Ended July 31 Sales (from Exercise 20-3) .................................................. $1,400,000 Cost of goods sold (note 1) ............................................. 770,000 Gross profit ..................................................................... 630,000 Operating expenses Salaries expense (note 2) .............................................. $285,000 Depreciation expense (from Exercise 20-3) .................... 36,000 Other cash expenses (from Exercise 20-3) ..................... 200,000 Bank loan interest expense ......................................... 6,600 Total expenses ................................................................ 527,600 Income before taxes ....................................................... 102,400 Income tax expense (note 3) ............................................ 30,720 Net income....................................................................... $ 71,680 Supporting calculations (1) Cost of goods sold Sales ................................................................ $1,400,000 Cost percent .................................................... 55% Cost of goods sold ......................................... $ 770,000 (2) Salaries expense Cash paid ......................................................... $ 275,000 Less beginning payable ................................. (50,000) Plus ending payable ....................................... 60,000 Salaries expense ............................................. $ 285,000 (3) Income tax expense Pre-tax income ................................................ $ 102,400 Tax rate ............................................................ 30% Income tax expense ........................................ $ 30,720 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1108 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Exercise 20-4 (Continued) ACCO COMPANY Budgeted Balance Sheet As of July 31 ASSETS Cash (from Exercise 20-3) .................................................. Accounts receivable (note 1) .......................................... Inventory (given) .............................................................. Total current assets ....................................................... Equipment ...................................................................... $1,600,000 Less accumulated depreciation (note 2) ....................... 316,000 Total assets .................................................................... $ 122,400 1,220,000 60,000 1,402,400 1,284,000 $2,686,400 LIABILITIES AND EQUITY Liabilities Accounts payable (note 3) ............................................ $ 300,000 Salaries payable .......................................................... 60,000 Income taxes payable ................................................. 30,720 Total current liabilities ................................................ 390,720 Bank loan payable ....................................................... 660,000 Stockholders’ equity Common stock ............................................................. 600,000 Retained earnings (note 4) ...........................................1,035,680 Total liabilities and equity ............................................. 1,050,720 1,635,680 $2,686,400 Supporting calculations (1) Accounts receivable June sales (20% x $1,200,000) ................................... $ 240,000 July sales (70% x $1,400,000)................................... 980,000 Total .............................................................................. $ 1,220,000 (2) Accumulated depreciation Beginning ..................................................................... $ 280,000 Expense ........................................................................ 36,000 Ending .......................................................................... $ 316,000 (3) Accounts payable Purchases .................................................................... $ 750,000 Percent unpaid............................................................. 40% Payable ......................................................................... $ 300,000 (4) Retained earnings Beginning ..................................................................... $ 964,000 Net income ................................................................... 71,680 Ending .......................................................................... $1,035,680 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1109 Exercise 20-5 (30 minutes) Preliminary calculations (sales, cost of sales, beginning and ending inventory) August September October November Sales ........................................................... $325,000 $ 320,000 $250,000 $310,000 Cost to sales percent ................................. x 60% x 60% x 60% x 60% Cost of goods sold ..................................... 195,000 192,000 150,000 186,000 Beginning inventory percent ..................... x 20% x 20% x 20% x 20% Beginning inventory................................... $ 39,000 $ 38,400 $ 30,000 $ 37,200 Ending inventory (from next month) ......... $ 38,400 $ 30,000 $ 37,200 Merchandise purchases budgets (* denotes from preliminary calculations) August Budgeted ending inventory (*) ........................ $ 38,400 Add budgeted cost of goods sold (*) .............195,000 Cost of available merchandise.......................233,400 Less beginning inventory (*)...........................(39,000) Budgeted purchases ....................................... $194,400 September October $ 30,000 $ 37,200 192,000 150,000 222,000 187,200 (38,400) (30,000) $183,600 $157,200 Cash payments for purchases (on accounts) in October Dollars Percent For purchases from August ........................... $194,400 For purchases from September .....................183,600 For purchases from October ..........................157,200 Total cash payments for purchases .............. 15% 35 50 Paid $ 29,160 64,260 78,600 $172,020 Exercise 20-6 (25 minutes) 1. Budgeted merchandise purchases June July Ending accounts payable ......................... $ 200,000 $ 235,000 Cash paid on accounts payable ............... 1,490,000 1,425,000 Total payable during month ...................... 1,690,000 1,660,000 Less beginning accounts payable ........... (150,000) (200,000) Purchases during month .......................... $1,540,000 $1,460,000 August $ 195,000 1,495,000 1,690,000 (235,000) $1,455,000 2. Budgeted cost of goods sold June July Beginning inventory .................................. $ 250,000 $ 400,000 Plus purchases .......................................... 1,540,000 1,460,000 Less ending inventory ...............................(400,000) (300,000) Cost of goods sold .................................... $1,390,000 $1,560,000 August $ 300,000 1,455,000 (330,000) $1,425,000 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1110 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Exercise 20-7 (40 minutes) 1. Preliminary calculations (sales, cost of sales, beginning inventory) July August September Budgeted sales............................... $350,000 $290,000 $320,000 Cost to sales percent ..................... x 70% x 70% x 70% Budgeted cost of goods sold ........245,000 203,000 224,000 Budgeted inventory percent .......... x 20% x 20% x 20% Budgeted beginning inventory ......... $ 49,000 $ 40,600 $ 44,800 October November $275,000 $265,000 x 70% x 70% 192,500 185,500 x 20% x 20% $ 38,500 $ 37,100 Budgeted merchandise purchases July Budgeted ending inventory ................. $ 40,600 Budgeted cost of goods sold .............. 245,000 Cost of available merchandise ............ 285,600 Less beginning inventory ....................(49,000) Budgeted purchases ............................ $236,600 August September $ 44,800 $ 38,500 203,000 224,000 247,800 262,500 (40,600) (44,800) $207,200 $217,700 October $ 37,100 192,500 229,600 (38,500) $191,100 2. Budgeted payments on accounts payable in September For purchases from September .......... For purchases from August ................. For purchases from July ...................... Total payments ..................................... Purchases $217,700 207,200 236,600 Percent Paid 25% 60 15 Dollars Paid $ 54,425 124,320 35,490 $214,235 Budgeted payments on accounts payable in October For purchases from October ............... For purchases from September .......... For purchases from August ................. Total payments ..................................... Purchases $191,100 217,700 207,200 Percent Paid 25% 60 15 Dollars Paid $ 47,775 130,620 31,080 $209,475 3. Budgeted balance of accounts payable at the end of September Purchases From purchases in September ............$217,700 From purchases in August .................. 207,200 Total ....................................................... Percent Unpaid 75% 15 Dollars Unpaid $163,275 31,080 $194,355 Budgeted balance of accounts payable at the end of October Purchases From purchases in October .................$191,100 From purchases in September ............ 217,700 Total ....................................................... Percent Unpaid 75% 15 Dollars Unpaid $143,325 32,655 $175,980 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1111 Exercise 20-8 (15 minutes) ELECTRO COMPANY Production Budget Second and Third Quarters Second Quarter Third Quarter Budgeted ending inventories Second quarter (20% x 525,000) ........................................... 105,000 Third quarter (20% x 475,000) ............................................... 95,000 Add budgeted sales ................................................................. 450,000 525,000 Required units of available production ................................. 555,000 620,000 Less actual or budgeted beginning inventories ................... (75,000) (105,000) Units to be produced ............................................................... 480,000 515,000 Exercise 20-9 (15 minutes) ELECTRO COMPANY Direct Materials Budget Second Quarter Units to be produced (from Exercise 20-8) ................................. Materials requirement per unit ............................................... 480,000 x 0.80 Materials needed for production (units) ................................ 384,000 Add budgeted ending inventory (units)* ............................... 206,000 Total materials requirements (units) ...................................... 590,000 Deduct beginning inventory (units)** .................................... (192,000) Materials to be purchased (units) ......................................... 398,000 Material price per unit.............................................................. x Total cost of direct materials purchases ............................... $67,660,000 * (515,000 x 0.80) x 50% $170 **384,000 x 50% ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1112 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Exercise 20-10 (15 minutes) ELECTRO COMPANY Direct Labor Budget Second Quarter Units to be produced (from Exercise 20-8) ................................. 480,000 Labor requirements per unit (hours) .....................................x 4 Total labor hours needed ........................................................ 1,920,000 Labor rate (per hour) ...............................................................x $12 Labor dollars ............................................................................$23,040,000 Exercise 20-11 (10 minutes) HECTOR COMPANY Budgeted Cash Disbursements For August and September August Sept. Payments for merchandise* ................................................... $14,400 $19,200 Selling expenses (10% of sales) ............................................. 7,200 6,600 Administrative expenses (8% of sales) ................................. 5,760 5,280 Rent expense............................................................................ 7,400 7,400 Total cash disbursements ...................................................... $34,760 $38,480 *Equals prior month’s purchases. Note that depreciation expense is excluded since it is a non-cash expense. * ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1113 Exercise 20-12 (15 minutes) JASPER COMPANY Cash Receipts Budget For April, May, and June April May June Sales..............................................................$525,000 $535,000 $560,000 Less ending accts. receivable (70%) ......... 367,500 374,500 392,000 Cash sales (30% of sales) .......................... 157,500 160,500 168,000 Collections of prior month’s receivables ...... 400,000 367,500 374,500 Total cash receipts .....................................$557,500 $528,000 $542,500 Cash receipts from Exercise 20-13 (20 minutes) KARIM CORP. Cash Budget For July, August, and September July August Sept. Beginning cash balance .............................. $ 8,400 $ 8,000 $ 8,000 Cash receipts ............................................... 20,000 26,000 40,000 Total cash available .................................... 28,400 34,000 48,000 Cash disbursements.................................... 28,000 30,000 22,000 Interest on bank loan August ($7,600 x 1%) ................................ 76 September ($11,676 x 1%)* ...................... ______ ______ 117 400 $ 3,924 $25,883 7,600 4,076 Repayment of loan to bank ......................... ______ _______ 11,676 Ending cash balance ................................... $ 8,000 $ 8,000 $14,207 Loan balance, end of month ....................... $ 7,600 $11,676 $ Preliminary cash balance ........................... $ Additional loan from bank .......................... 0 * Rounded to nearest whole dollar. ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1114 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Exercise 20-14 (20 minutes) FOYERT CORP. Cash Budget For October, November, and December Oct. Nov. Dec. Beginning cash balance* ............................$ 30,000 $ 30,000 $ 30,000 Cash receipts ............................................... 110,000 80,000 100,000 Total cash available .................................... 140,000 110,000 130,000 Cash disbursements.................................... 120,000 75,000 80,000 Interest on bank loan October ($10,000 x 1%) ............................ 100 November ($20,100 x 1%) ......................... 201 December ($15,300 x 1%) ......................... _______ _______ 153 Preliminary cash balance ........................... $ 19,900 $ 34,799 $ 49,847 Repayment of loan to bank ......................... _______ 4,799 15,301 Ending cash balance ................................... $ 30,000 $ 30,000 $ 34,546 Loan balance, end of month ....................... $ 20,100 $ 15,301 $ Additional loan from bank .......................... 10,100 0 *October’s beginning cash balance includes an outstanding loan balance of $10,000. ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1115 Exercise 20-15 (25 minutes) CASTOR, INC. Cash Budget For April, May, and June April May June Beginning cash balance* ............................ $12,000 $12,000 $12,279 Cash receipts**............................................. 28,000 36,000 32,000 Total cash available .................................... 40,000 48,000 44,279 16,800 17,200 Cash disbursements Payments for merchandise ......................... 20,200 Sales commissions (10% of sales) ............ 3,200 4,000 2,400 Shipping (2% of sales) ................................ 640 800 480 Office salaries .............................................. 5,000 5,000 5,000 Rent ............................................................... 3,000 3,000 3,000 May ($6,060 x 1%) ..................................... ______ 61 _______ Preliminary cash balance ........................... $7,940 $18,339 $16,199 Repayment of loan to bank ......................... _______ 6,060 _______ Ending cash balance ................................... $12,000 $12,279 $16,199 Loan balance, end of month ....................... $ 6,060 $ $ Interest on bank loan April ($2,000 x 1%) .................................... Additional loan from bank .......................... 20 4,060 0 0 *April’s beginning cash balance includes an outstanding loan payable of $2,000. **Per cash receipts budget on next page ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1116 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Exercise 20-15 (continued) CASTOR, INC. Cash Receipts Budget For April, May, and June April May June Sales.............................................................. $32,000 $40,000 $24,000 Less ending accts. receivable (50%) ......... 16,000 20,000 12,000 Cash sales (50% of sales) .......................... 16,000 20,000 12,000 Collections of prior month’s receivables ...... 12,000 16,000 20,000 Total cash receipts ..................................... $28,000 $36,000 $32,000 August Sept. Sales.............................................................. $64,000 $80,000 $48,000 Less ending accts. receivable (80%) ......... 51,200 64,000 38,400 Cash sales (20% of sales) .......................... 12,800 16,000 9,600 Collections of prior month’s receivables ...... 45,000 51,200 64,000 Total cash receipts ..................................... $57,800 $67,200 $73,600 Cash receipts from Exercise 20-16 (30 minutes) (1) KELSEY Cash Receipts Budget For July, August, and September July Cash receipts from ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1117 Exercise 20-16 (continued) (2) KELSEY Cash Budget For July, August, and September July August Sept. Beginning cash balance* ............................ $15,000 $15,000 $25,504 Cash receipts (from part 1) ......................... 57,800 67,200 73,600 Total cash available .................................... 72,800 82,200 99,104 Payments for merchandise ......................... 40,400 33,600 34,400 Sales commissions (10% of sales) ............ 6,400 8,000 4,800 Office salaries .............................................. 4,000 4,000 4,000 Rent ............................................................... 6,500 6,500 6,500 August ($4,550 x 1%) ................................ _______ 46 _______ $15,450 $30,054 $49,404 Repayment of loan to bank ......................... 450 4,550 ______ Ending cash balance ................................... $15,000 $25,504 $49,404 Loan balance, end of month ....................... $ 4,550 $ $ Cash disbursements Interest on bank loan** July (5,000 x 1%) ....................................... Preliminary cash balance ........................... 50 Additional loan from bank .......................... 0 0 *July’s beginning cash balance includes a loan payable of $5,000. ** Rounded to the nearest dollar. Answers vary slightly if rounded to the nearest cent. ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1118 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Exercise 20-17 (15 minutes) ZETROV COMPANY Budgeted Balance Sheet As of March 31 ASSETS Cash ................................................................................ $ 50,000 Accounts receivable ($140,000 x 70%)............................. 98,000 Merchandise inventory (600 units x $35) ........................ 21,000 Total current assets ....................................................... 169,000 Equipment ...................................................................... $84,000 Less accumulated depreciation (note 1) ...................... 47,000 Total assets .................................................................... 37,000 $206,000 LIABILITIES AND EQUITY Liabilities Accounts payable ....................................................... $89,000 Income taxes payable ................................................. 26,000 Bank loan payable ....................................................... 10,000 125,000 Stockholders’ equity Common stock ............................................................. 25,000 Retained earnings (note 2) .......................................... 56,000 Total liabilities and equity ............................................. 81,000 $206,000 Supporting calculations (1) Accumulated depreciation Beginning ..................................................................... $46,000 Depreciation expense ................................................. 1,000 Ending .......................................................................... $47,000 (2) Retained earnings Beginning ..................................................................... $ 8,000 Net income ................................................................... 48,000 Ending .......................................................................... $56,000 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1119 Exercise 20-18 (15 minutes) FORTUNE, INC. Budgeted Income Statement For Quarter Ended March 31 Sales (note 1)..................................................................... $3,750,000 Cost of goods sold (note 2) ............................................. 2,100,000 Gross profit ..................................................................... 1,650,000 Operating expenses Commissions expense (8% of sales) ............................. $300,000 Rent expense ($14,000 x 3) ............................................. 42,000 Advertising expense (15% of sales) ............................... 562,500 Office salaries expense ($75,000 x 3) ............................ 225,000 Depreciation expense ($40,000 x 3) ............................... 120,000 Interest expense ($250,000 x 15% x 3/12)......................... Total operating expenses ............................................ 9,375 1,258,875 Income before income taxes ......................................... 391,125 Income tax expense (note 3) ............................................ 117,338 Net income....................................................................... $ 273,787 Supporting calculations (1) Sales Unit sales (45,000 + 55,000 + 50,000) ............. Unit price ......................................................... Sales dollars .................................................... 150,000 $25 $3,750,000 (2) Cost of goods sold Unit sales (45,000 + 55,000 + 50,000) ............. Unit cost........................................................... Cost of goods sold dollars ............................. 150,000 $14 $2,100,000 (3) Income tax expense Pre-tax income ................................................ Tax rate ............................................................ Income tax expense ........................................ $ 391,125 30% $ 117,338* * Rounded to the nearest dollar. ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1120 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Exercise 20-19 (10 minutes) MANNER COMPANY Direct Labor Budget For July, August, and September July Budgeted production (units) ...................... August 620 Labor requirements per unit (hours) ......... x Total labor hours needed ............................ 2 680 x 1,240 Labor rate per hour ...................................... $ 20 Labor dollars ................................................ $24,800 Sept. 2 540 x 1,360 $ 20 2 1,080 $ 21 $27,200 $22,680 May June Exercise 20-20 (15 minutes) HOSPITABLE CO. Production Budget For April, May, and June April Next month’s budgeted sales (units) ......... 580 540 620 Ratio of inventory to future sales ............... x 25% x 25% x 25% Budgeted ending inventory (units) ........... 145 135 155 Add budgeted sales for the month ............ 500 580 540 Required units of available production ..... 645 715 695 Deduct beginning inventory (units) ........... (190) (145) (135) Units to be produced ................................... 455 570 560 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1121 Exercise 20-21 (15 minutes) HOSPITABLE CO. Direct Materials Budget For April, May, and June April Budgeted production (units)* ..................... May 455 June 570 Materials requirements per unit ................. x Materials needed for production (lbs.) ...... 2,275 2,850 2,800 Add budgeted ending inventory** .............. 855 840 810 Total materials requirements (lbs.) ............ 3,130 3,690 3,610 Deduct beginning inventory (lbs.) .............. Materials to be purchased (lbs.) ................. 5 x (663) 2,467 5 560 x (855) 5 (840) 2,835 2,770 * From Exercise 20-20 ** 30% of next month’s materials needed for production. July’s materials needed for production (2,700 pounds = 540 units x 5) is given. Exercise 20-22 (10 minutes) (1) h (2) d (3) g (4) e (5) i (6) b (7) a (8) f (9) c Exercise 20-23 (5 minutes) Potential negative outcomes from participatory budgeting include the potential for employees to (1) understate sales budgets and//or overstate expense budgets, (2) commit unethical or fraudulent acts in order to meet budgeted results, and (3) always spend budgeted amounts, even if on unnecessary items. ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1122 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Exercise 20-24 (15 minutes) RENDER CO. CPA Activity-Based Budget For Year Ending December 31, 2013 Budgeted Hours Budgeted Price/hour Budgeted Cost Data-entry ..................................................... 2,200 $10 $ 22,000 Auditing ........................................................ 4,800 40 192,000 Tax ................................................................. 4,300 50 215,000 Consulting .................................................... 750 50 37,500 Total .............................................................. 12,050 $466,500 Exercise 20-25 (15 minutes) RIDA INC. Direct Materials Budget Second Quarter Units to be produced ............................................................... Materials requirement per unit ............................................... x 240,000 .60 Materials needed for production (units) ................................ 144,000 Add budgeted ending inventory (units)* ............................... 15,750 Total materials requirements (units) ...................................... 159,750 Deduct beginning inventory (units)** .................................... (72,000) Materials to be purchased (units) ......................................... 87,750 $175 Material price per unit.............................................................. x Total cost of direct materials purchases ...............................$15,356,250 *(52,500 x 0.60) x 50% **144,000 x 50% ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1123 Exercise 20-26 (15 minutes) 1. RIDA INC. Direct Labor Budget Second Quarter Units to be produced ............................................................... Labor requirements per unit (hours) ..................................... x Total labor hours needed ........................................................ Labor rate (per hour) ............................................................... x 240,000 4 960,000 $9 Labor dollars ............................................................................ $8,640,000 2. RIDA INC. Factory Overhead Budget Second Quarter Total labor hours needed ........................................................ Variable overhead rate per DL hour .......................................x 960,000 $11 Budgeted variable overhead ...................................................$10,560,000 Budgeted fixed overhead ........................................................ 450,000 Budgeted total overhead .........................................................$11,010,000 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1124 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Exercise 20-27 (20 minutes) RAD CO. Direct Materials Budget For April, May, and June April Budget production (units) ........................... May 442 570 x Materials needed for production (lbs.) ...... 2,210 2,850 2,720 Add budgeted ending inventory* ............... 855 816 810 Total materials requirements (lbs.) ............ 3,065 3,666 3,530 Materials to be purchased (lbs.) ................. (663) 2,402 x 5 544 Materials requirements per unit ................. Deduct beginning inventory (lbs.) .............. 5 June (855) 2,811 x 5 (816) 2,714 *30% of next month’s materials needed for production. July’s materials needed for production equals 2,700 pounds (540 units x 5). ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1125 Exercise 20-28 (15 minutes) 1. RAD CO. Direct Labor Budget For April, May, and June April Budget production (units) ........................... May June 442 570 544 Direct labor hours per unit .......................... x 0.50 x 0.50 x 0.50 221 285 272 Labor rate (per hour) ................................... x $16 x $16 x $16 Labor cost..................................................... $3,536 $4,560 $4,352 May June Total labor hours needed ............................ 2. RAD CO. Factory Overhead Budget For April, May, and June April Total labor hours needed ............................ 221 285 272 Variable factory overhead rate ................... x $20 x $20 x $20 Budgeted variable overhead ....................... $4,420 $5,700 $5,440 Budgeted fixed overhead ............................ 8,000 8,000 8,000 Total factory overhead ................................$12,420 $13,700 $13,440 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1126 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition PROBLEM SET A Problem 20-1A (60 minutes) Part 1 KEGGLER’S SUPPLY Merchandise Purchases Budgets For March, April, and May March April May FOOTWEAR Budgeted sales for next month ........................... 25,000 Ratio of ending inventory to future sales ........... 30% Budgeted ending inventory ................................. 7,500 Add budgeted sales .............................................. 15,000 Required units of available merchandise ........... 22,500 Less actual (or budgeted) beginning inventory .......(20,000) Budgeted purchases ............................................ 2,500 32,000 30% 9,600 25,000 34,600 (7,500) 27,100 35,000 30% 10,500 32,000 42,500 (9,600) 32,900 SPORTS EQUIPMENT Budgeted sales for next month ........................... 90,000 Ratio of ending inventory to future sales ........... 30% Budgeted ending inventory ................................. 27,000 Add budgeted sales .............................................. 70,000 Required units of available merchandise ........... 97,000 Less actual (or budgeted) beginning inventory .......(80,000) Budgeted purchases ............................................ 17,000 95,000 30% 28,500 90,000 118,500 (27,000) 91,500 90,000 30% 27,000 95,000 122,000 (28,500) 93,500 APPAREL Budgeted sales for next month ........................... 38,000 37,000 25,000 30% 30% 30% Budgeted ending inventory ................................. 11,400 11,100 7,500 Add budgeted sales .............................................. 40,000 38,000 37,000 Required units of available merchandise ........... 51,400 49,100 44,500 Less actual (or budgeted) beginning inventory .......(50,000) (11,400) (11,100) Budgeted purchases ............................................ 1,400 37,700 33,400 Ratio of ending inventory to future sales ........... ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1127 Problem 20-1A (Continued) Part 2. Analysis Component The factor that causes the first month’s purchases to be so much smaller is the excess inventory that accumulated just prior to the budgeting period. For example, 20,000 units of footwear are in March’s beginning inventory; however, March sales are budgeted at only 15,000 units. Accordingly, budgeted purchases are smaller because it is management’s goal to reduce the inventory to only 30% of the next month’s sales. This overstocking factor could exist for a number of reasons, including: Management may have simply lost sight of inventory levels, thereby allowing them to reach inappropriately high levels. There may have been some potentially disruptive factor (such as a strike, bad weather, or political uncertainty) that would have temporarily interrupted the smooth delivery of products from the supplier. Thus, management would have found it prudent to accumulate an excess as a temporary safety stock against an interrupted supply. The company’s suppliers may have only recently become more dependable than they were in the past. A supplier may have recently located a new distribution facility nearby, with the result that the merchandise can be delivered more promptly. Competition among suppliers may have caused them to become more customer oriented, with the result that they will deliver products in smaller lots more quickly. ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1128 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Problem 20-2A (50 minutes) ONEIDA COMPANY Cash Budget For September, October, and November September Beginning balance ..........................................$ October November 5,000 $ 99,250 $ 69,500 Collection on accounts receivable* ............ 159,250 249,250 338,100 Receipts from bank loan .............................. 100,000 _______ _______ Total cash available ........................................ 264,250 348,500 407,600 Cash disbursements Payments on accounts payable** ............... 100,000 217,000 228,000 Cash receipts Payroll ............................................................ 20,000 22,000 24,000 Rent ................................................................ 10,000 10,000 10,000 Other expenses ............................................. 35,000 30,000 20,000 Repayment on bank loan ............................. 100,000 Interest on bank loan*** ............................... ________ ________ 3,000 Total cash disbursements ........................... 165,000 279,000 385,000 Ending cash balance ......................................$ 99,250 $ 69,500 $ 22,600 *** Interest at 12% on $100,000 for 3 months is $3,000. Supporting schedules Collections of credit sales* August September October November Aug. sales ($215,000)—[25%: 45%: 20%: 9%] ................ $ 53,750 $ 96,750 $ 43,000 $ 19,350 Sept. sales ($250,000)—[25%: 45%: 20%] ....................... 62,500 112,500 50,000 Oct. sales ($375,000)—[25%: 45%] .................................. 93,750 168,750 Nov. sales ($400,000)—[25%] .......................................... 100,000 Total .................................................................................. $ 53,750 $159,250 $249,250 $338,100 Payments on credit purchases** August September October November Aug. purchases ($125,000)—(0%: 80%: 20%) ........................................ $ 0 $100,000 $ 25,000 $ Sept. purchases ($240,000)—(0%: 80%: 20%) ....................................... 0 192,000 48,000 Oct. purchases ($225,000)—(0%: 80%) .................................................. 0 180,000 Nov. purchases ($200,000)—(0%) .......................................................... 0 Total ......................................................................................................... $ 0 $100,000 $217,000 $228,000 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1129 Problem 20-3A (70 minutes) Part 1 Cash collections of credit sales (accounts receivable) From sales in Total % Collected April ..............................................$ 720,000 28% May ............................................... 360,000 50 ............................................... 28 June..............................................1,080,000 20 .............................................. 50 July ............................................... 900,000 20 Total collected ............................. June $201,600 180,000 July $100,800 216,000 540,000 _______ 180,000 $597,600 $820,800 Part 2 Budgeted ending inventories (in units) April Next month’s budgeted sales ..................... 2,000 Ratio of inventory to future sales ............... 20% Budgeted “base” ending inventory ........... 400 Plus safety stock.......................................... 100 Budgeted ending inventory ........................ 500 May 6,000 20% 1,200 100 1,300 June 5,000 20% 1,000 100 1,100 July 3,800 20% 760 100 860 Part 3 AZTEC COMPANY Merchandise Purchases Budgets For May, June, and July May June July Budgeted ending inventory (from part 2) ............ 1,300 1,100 860 Add budgeted sales .......................................... 2,000 6,000 5,000 Required units of available merchandise ....... 3,300 7,100 5,860 (1,300) (1,100) Deduct beginning inventory ............................ (500) Budgeted purchases (units) ............................ 2,800 5,800 4,760 Budgeted cost per unit ..................................... $110 $110 $110 Budgeted cost of merchandise purchases ........$308,000 $638,000 $523,600 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1130 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Problem 20-3A (Continued) Part 4 Cash payments on product purchases (for June and July) From purchases in Total % Paid June May ................................................ $308,000 40% $123,200 June...............................................638,000 60 382,800 .............................................. 40 ________ July ................................................523,600 60 Total paid ...................................... $506,000 July $255,200 314,160 $569,360 Part 5 AZTEC COMPANY Cash Budget June and July June July Beginning cash balance ................................................ $100,000 $100,000 Cash receipts from customers ..................................... 597,600 820,800 Total available cash ....................................................... 697,600 920,800 Cash disbursements Payments on purchases ............................................. 506,000 569,360 Selling and administrative expenses......................... 110,000 110,000 Interest expense* ......................................................... 250 437 Total disbursements ................................................... 616,250 679,797 Preliminary cash balance .............................................. 81,350 241,003 Additional loan from bank ............................................ 18,650 0 Repayment of loan to bank ........................................... ________ 43,650 Ending cash balance ..................................................... $100,000 $197,353 Ending loan balance** ................................................... $ 43,650 $ 0 * Interest expense ** Loan balance June = $25,000 x 12%/12 = $250 June = $25,000 + $18,650 = $43,650 July = $43,650 x 12%/12 = $437 (rounded) July = $43,650 - $43,650 = $0 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1131 Problem 20-3A (Concluded) Part 6 Information about the need for cash in the near future would be helpful to the management of Aztec Company because they would be able to enter into negotiations with potential lenders well ahead of any immediate need to obtain the cash. They would not only be able to avoid the risk of being unable to pay their bills, they would also be able to enter into the debt agreement on the most favorable terms available to them. In addition, a good cash budget is likely to be helpful to management in negotiating the terms of the loan. In this situation, the company can tell the bank that it will need another loan in the following month. Hopefully, the company will be able to develop additional cash budgets that will show enough cash being accumulated to allow the loans to be paid back. If management is armed with this kind of information, it should be able to negotiate more favorable terms with the bank. ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1132 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Problem 20-4A (50 minutes) Part 1 MERLINE Budgeted Income Statement For Months of January, February, and March, 2014 January Sales* .......................................................$2,062,500 Cost of goods sold* ................................ 1,237,500 February March $2,268,750 $2,495,625 1,361,250 1,497,375 825,000 907,500 998,250 Sales commissions (10%) .................... 206,250 226,875 249,563 Advertising ($250,000 x 1.15) .............. 287,500 287,500 287,500 Store rent ............................................... 30,000 30,000 30,000 Administrative salaries ........................ 45,000 45,000 45,000 Depreciation .......................................... 50,000 50,000 50,000 Other expenses ..................................... 10,000 10,000 10,000 Total expenses ........................................ 628,750 649,375 672,063 Gross profit ............................................. Expenses Net income...............................................$ 196,250 $ 258,125 $ 326,187 * Volume for the next three months increases by 10% per month Sales Cost of Goods Units (@ $125) Sold (@ $75) December ($2,250,000/$150) ..................... 15,000 January ...................................................... 16,500 $2,062,500 $1,237,500 February ..................................................... 18,150 2,268,750 1,361,250 March.......................................................... 19,965 2,495,625 1,497,375 Part 2: Analysis Component The plan for increasing sales volume by reducing the price and increasing advertising would cause the company to generate less net income in each of the three months of the next quarter than was earned in December. This result is not encouraging. However, the rate of increase in earnings over the three months is substantial. If the growth rate for sales can be maintained without increasing commissions or other expenses, a large payoff would be earned by making the changes and riding out the short-run period of relatively lower profits. This is a common problem for management when introducing a new strategy, product, or service to the market. ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1133 Problem 20-5A (130 minutes) Part 1 DIMSDALE SPORTS CO. Sales Budgets January, February, and March 2014 Budgeted Units Budgeted Unit Price Budgeted Total Dollars $55 55 55 $ 385,000 495,000 605,000 $1,485,000 January 2014 ........................................................7,000 February 2014.......................................................9,000 March 2014 ........................................................... 11,000 Total for the first quarter ..................................... 27,000 Part 2 DIMSDALE SPORTS CO. Merchandise Purchases Budgets January, February, and March 2014 January February March Total Next month’s budgeted sales ............... 9,000 11,000 10,000 Ratio of inventory to future sales ......... x 20% x 20% x 20% Budgeted ending inventory .................. 1,800 2,200 2,000 Add budgeted sales............................... 7,000 9,000 11,000 Required available merchandise .......... 8,800 11,200 13,000 Deduct beginning inventory ................. (5,000) (1,800) (2,200) Units to be purchased ........................... 3,800 9,400 10,800 24,000 Budgeted cost per unit.......................... $ 30 $ 30 $ 30 $ 30 Budgeted merchandise purchases ...... $114,000 $282,000 $324,000 $720,000 Part 3 DIMSDALE SPORTS CO. Selling Expense Budgets January, February, and March 2014 January Budgeted sales ..................................... $385,000 Sales commission percent .................. x 20% Sales commissions expense............... 77,000 Sales salaries........................................ 5,000 Total selling expenses ......................... $ 82,000 February $495,000 x 20% 99,000 5,000 $104,000 March Total $605,000 x 20% 121,000 $297,000 5,000 15,000 $126,000 $312,000 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1134 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Problem 20-5A (Continued) Part 4 DIMSDALE SPORTS CO. General and Administrative Expense Budgets January, February, and March 2014 January February Salaries ....................................................... $12,000 $12,000 Maintenance ............................................... 2,000 2,000 2,000 6,000 Depreciation* .............................................. 6,000 7,000 7,300 20,300 Total expenses ........................................... $20,000 $21,000 * Depreciation expense calculations Annual Amount Equipment owned on 12/31/2013 .................... $67,500 Purchased in January ........ 4,500 Purchased in February ....... 12,000 Purchased in March............ 3,600 Totals ................................... January February $5,625 375 $5,625 375 1,000 ______ $7,000 ______ $6,000 March Total $12,000 $36,000 $21,300 $62,300 March $5,625 375 1,000 300 $7,300 Total $16,875 1,125 2,000 300 $20,300 Part 5 DIMSDALE SPORTS CO. Capital Expenditures Budgets January, February, and March 2014 January February March Equipment purchases ......................................... $36,000 $96,000 $ 28,800 Land purchase ..................................................... ______ ______ 150,000 Total ...................................................................... $36,000 $96,000 $178,800 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1135 Problem 20-5A (Continued) Part 6 DIMSDALE SPORTS CO. Cash Budgets January, February, and March 2014 January February Beginning cash balance ...................................... $ 36,000 Cash receipts from customers (note A)................ 221,250 Total cash available ............................................. 257,250 Cash disbursements Payments for merchandise (note B) ................... 80,000 Sales commissions ........................................... 77,000 Sales salaries ..................................................... 5,000 General & administrative salaries .................... 12,000 Maintenance expense ....................................... 2,000 Interest ($15,000 x 1%) ............................................ 150 Taxes payable .................................................... Purchases of equipment ................................... 36,000 ________ Purchase of land ................................................ Total cash disbursements .................................. 212,150 March $ 30,100 697,000 727,100 $210,300 489,500 699,800 302,800 99,000 5,000 12,000 2,000 147,600 121,000 5,000 12,000 2,000 96,000 ________ 516,800 90,000 28,800 150,000 556,400 Preliminary cash balance .................................... 45,100 210,300 Repayment of loan to bank .................................(15,000) _______ Ending cash balance ........................................... $ 30,100 $210,300 $143,400 Loan balance, end of month ............................... $ $ 0 $ 0 143,400 ________ Supporting calculations January Note A: Cash receipts from customers Total sales .........................................................$385,000 Cash sales (25%) .............................................. 96,250 Credit sales (75%) ............................................ 288,750 Cash collections Receivables at 12/31/2013 ...............................$125,000 Month after sale (60%) ..................................... Second month (40%) ........................................ _______ Total from credit customers ............................ 125,000 Cash sales......................................................... 96,250 Total cash received ..........................................$221,250 Note B: Cash payments for merchandise Credit purchases ..............................................$114,000 February March $495,000 123,750 371,250 $605,000 151,250 453,750 $1,485,000 371,250 1,113,750 $400,000 173,250 _______ 573,250 123,750 $697,000 $222,750 115,500 338,250 151,250 $489,500 $525,000 396,000 115,500 1,036,500 371,250 $1,407,750 $282,000 $324,000 $720,000 Accounts payables at 12/31/2013 $ 80,000 Month after purchase (20%) ............................ Second month (80%) ........................................ _______ Total paid on purchases ..................................$ 80,000 $280,000 22,800 _______ $302,800 $ 56,400 91,200 $147,600 $360,000 79,200 91,200 $530,400 0 Total ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1136 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Problem 20-5A (Continued) Part 7 DIMSDALE SPORTS CO. Budgeted Income Statement For Three Months Ended March 31, 2014 Sales................................................................................ $1,485,000 Cost of goods sold (27,000 units @ $30) ..................... 810,000 Gross profit .................................................................... 675,000 Operating expenses Sales commissions ..................................................... $297,000 Sales salaries ............................................................... 15,000 General administrative salaries ................................. 36,000 Maintenance expense ................................................. 6,000 Depreciation expense ................................................. 20,300 Interest expense .......................................................... 150 374,450 Income before taxes ...................................................... 300,550 Income taxes (40%) ....................................................... 120,220 Net income...................................................................... $180,330 Part 8 DIMSDALE SPORTS CO. Budgeted Balance Sheet March 31, 2014 ASSETS Cash ............................................................ Accounts receivable .................................. Inventory ..................................................... Total current assets ................................... Land ............................................................ Equipment .................................................. $700,800 Less accumulated depreciation ............... 87,800 Total assets ................................................ $ 143,400 602,250 60,000 805,650 150,000 613,000 $1,568,650 Cash budget Note C Note D Capital budget Note E Note F LIABILITIES AND EQUITY Accounts payable ...................................... Bank loan payable ..................................... Taxes payable (due 4/15/2014) ................. Total liabilities ............................................ Common stock ........................................... $472,500 Retained earnings ......................................426,330 Total stockholders’ equity ........................ Total liabilities and equity ......................... $ 549,600 0 120,220 669,820 Note G Cash budget Income stmt. Unchanged Note H 898,830 $1,568,650 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1137 Problem 20-5A (Concluded) Supporting Footnotes Note C Beginning receivables ......................................................$ 525,000 Credit sales ........................................................................1,113,750 Less collections ................................................................(1,036,500) Ending receivables............................................................$ 602,250 Note D Beginning inventory..........................................................$ 150,000 Purchases .......................................................................... 720,000 Less cost of goods sold ................................................... (810,000) Ending inventory*..............................................................$ 60,000 *Also equals 2,000 units @ $30 = $60,000 Note E Beginning equipment ........................................................$ 540,000 Purchased in January ....................................................... 36,000 Purchased in February...................................................... 96,000 Purchased in March .......................................................... 28,800 Total ...................................................................................$ 700,800 Note F Beginning accumulated depreciation ..............................$ Depreciation expense ....................................................... Total ...................................................................................$ 67,500 20,300 87,800 Note G Beginning accounts payable ............................................$ Purchases .......................................................................... Payments ........................................................................... Ending accounts payable .................................................$ 360,000 720,000 (530,400) 549,600 Note H Beginning retained earnings ............................................$ 246,000 Net income ......................................................................... 180,330 Total ...................................................................................$ 426,330 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1138 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Problem 20-6A (40 minutes) Part 1 BLACK DIAMOND COMPANY Production Budget (in units) Third Quarter Budgeted ending inventory (skis) ......................................................... 3,500 Add budgeted sales ................................................................................ 150,000 Required units of available production ................................................ 153,500 Deduct beginning inventory (skis) ........................................................ (5,000) Units to be manufactured ...................................................................... 148,500 Part 2 BLACK DIAMOND COMPANY Direct Materials Budget (in lbs, except where noted) Third Quarter Materials (carbon fiber) needed for production (148,500 x 2) ........ 297,000 Add budgeted ending inventory (carbon fiber) ............................... 4,000 Total materials (carbon fiber) requirements .................................... 301,000 Deduct beginning inventory (carbon fiber) ...................................... (6,000) Units of materials (carbon fiber) to be purchased........................... 295,000 Materials cost per pound ................................................................... $15 Total cost of materials purchases (295,000 x $15) ..........................$4,425,000 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1139 Problem 20-6A (concluded) Part 3 BLACK DIAMOND COMPANY Direct Labor Budget Third Quarter Units to be produced ............................................................... Labor requirements per unit (hours) ..................................... x Total labor hours needed ........................................................ Labor rate (per hour) ............................................................... x 148,500 0.50 74,250 $20 Labor dollars ............................................................................ $1,485,000 Part 4 BLACK DIAMOND COMPANY Factory Overhead Budget Third Quarter Total labor hours needed ........................................................ Variable overhead rate per DL hour ....................................... x 74,250 $8 Budgeted variable overhead ................................................... $ 594,000 Budgeted fixed overhead ........................................................ 1,782,000 Budgeted total overhead ......................................................... $2,376,000 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1140 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Problem 20-7A (130 minutes) Part 1 ZIGBY MANUFACTURING Sales Budgets April, May, and June 2013 Budgeted Units Budgeted Unit Price Budgeted Total Dollars April 2013 .............................................................. 20,500 $23.85 $ 488,925 May 2013 ............................................................... 19,500 23.85 465,075 June 2013.............................................................. 20,000 23.85 477,000 Total for the second quarter ............................... 60,000 $1,431,000 Part 2 ZIGBY MANUFACTURING Production Budget April, May, and June 2013 April Next month’s budgeted sales ............... Ratio of inventory to future sales ......... x May 19,500 80% June 20,000 x 80% Total 20,500 x 80% Budgeted ending inventory .................. 15,600 16,000 16,400 Add budgeted sales............................... 20,500 19,500 20,000 Required units to be produced ............. 36,100 35,500 36,400 Deduct beginning inventory ................. (16,400) (15,600) (16,000) Units to be produced ............................. 19,700 19,900 20,400 60,000 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1141 Problem 20-7A (continued) Part 3 ZIGBY MANUFACTURING Raw Materials Budget April, May, and June 2013 April May Production budget (units) ..................... 19,700 Materials requirement per unit ............. x 0.50 Materials needed for production .......... 9,850 Add budgeted ending inventory ........... 4,975 Total materials requirements (units) .... 14,825 Deduct beginning inventory ................. (4,925) Materials to be purchased .................... 9,900 June 19,900 20,400 x 0.50 x 0.50 9,950 10,200 5,100 4,000 15,050 14,200 (4,975) (5,100) 10,075 9,100 Total 29,175 Material price per unit ........................... $ 20 $ 20 $ 20 $ 20 Total cost of direct material purchases ..... $198,000 $201,500 $182,000 $581,500 Part 4 ZIGBY MANUFACTURING Direct Labor Budget April, May, and June 2013 April Budgeted production (units) ................ May 19,700 Labor requirements per unit (hours).... x 0.50 Total labor hours needed ...................... 9,850 June 19,900 20,400 x 0.50 x 0.50 9,950 10,200 Total 30,000 Labor rate (per hour) ............................. $ 15 $ 15 $ 15 $ 15 Labor dollars .......................................... $147,750 $149,250 $153,000 $450,000 Part 5 ZIGBY MANUFACTURING Factory Overhead Budget April, May, and June 2013 April Labor hours needed ............................. 9,850 Variable factory overhead rate ............x $2.70 Budgeted variable overhead ............... 26,595 Fixed overhead ..................................... 20,000 Budgeted total overhead .....................$46,595 May June Total 9,950 10,200 x $2.70 x $2.70 26,865 27,540 $ 81,000 20,000 20,000 60,000 $46,865 $47,540 $141,000 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1142 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Problem 20-7A (continued) Part 6 ZIGBY MANUFACTURING Selling Expense Budgets April, May, and June 2013 April May June Budgeted sales ..................................... $488,925 $465,075 $477,000 Sales commission percent .................. x x x 8% 8% Sales commissions expense............... 39,114 37,206 Sales salaries........................................ 3,000 3,000 Total selling expenses ......................... $ 42,114 $ 40,206 Total 8% 38,160 $114,480 3,000 9,000 $ 41,160 $123,480 Part 7 ZIGBY MANUFACTURING General and Administrative Expense Budgets April, May, and June 2013 April May Salaries ....................................................... $12,000 $12,000 Interest on long-term note ........................ 4,500 4,500 Total expenses ........................................... $16,500 $16,500 June Total $12,000 $36,000 4,500 13,500 $16,500 $49,500 *$500,000 x 0.90% ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1143 Problem 20-7A (Continued) Part 8 ZIGBY MANUFACTURING Cash Budgets April, May, and June 2013 April Beginning cash balance ...................................... $ 40,000 Cash receipts from customers (note A)................ 488,925 Total cash available ............................................. 528,925 Cash disbursements Payments for raw materials (note B) .................. 200,500 Payments for direct labor ................................. 147,750 Payments for variable overhead ...................... 26,595 Sales commissions ........................................... 39,114 Sales salaries ..................................................... 3,000 General & administrative salaries .................... 12,000 Dividends ........................................................... Loan interest ($12,000 x 1%) .................................. 120 Long-term note interest ($500,000 x .0.9%) ............ 4,500 Purchase of equipment ..................................... _______ Total cash disbursements .................................. 433,579 May June $ 83,346 481,770 565,116 $124,295 468,653 592,948 198,000 149,250 26,865 37,206 3,000 12,000 10,000 201,500 153,000 27,540 38,160 3,000 12,000 4,500 _______ 440,821 4,500 130,000 569,700 Preliminary cash balance .................................... 95,346 124,295 Additional loan ..................................................... Repayment of loan to bank .................................(12,000) _______ Ending cash balance ........................................... $ 83,346 $124,295 23,248 16,752 $ 40,000 Loan balance, end of month ............................... $ $ 16,752 Supporting calculations April Note A: Cash receipts from customers Total sales .........................................................$488,925 Cash sales (30%) .............................................. 146,677 Credit sales (70%) ............................................ 342,248 Cash collections Month after sale (100%) ...................................$342,248 Cash sales......................................................... 146,677 Total cash received ..........................................$488,925 Note B: Cash payments for raw materials Month after purchase (100%) ..........................$200,500 0 $ 0 _______ May June Total $465,075 139,522 325,553 $477,000 143,100 333,900 $1,431,000 429,299 1,001,701 $342,248 139,522 $481,770 $325,553 143,100 $468,653 $1,010,049 429,299 $1,439,348 $198,000 $201,500 $ 600,000 NOTE: Cash sales are rounded down to the nearest whole dollar. All other amounts are rounded up to the nearest whole dollar. Student answers will vary slightly if they round differently. ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1144 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Problem 20-7A (Continued) Part 9 ZIGBY MANUFACTURING Budgeted Income Statement For Three Months Ended June 30, 2013 Sales................................................................................ $1,431,000 Cost of goods sold (60,000 units @ $19.85) ................ 1,191,000 Gross profit .................................................................... 240,000 Operating expenses Sales commissions ..................................................... $114,480 Sales salaries ............................................................... 9,000 General administrative salaries ................................. 36,000 Long-term note interest .............................................. 13,500 Interest expense .......................................................... 120 173,100 Income before taxes ...................................................... 66,900 Income taxes (35%) ....................................................... 23,415 Net income...................................................................... $ 43,485 Part — Budgeted Retained Earnings & Budgeted Balance Sheet ZIGBY MANUFACTURING Budgeted Balance Sheet June 30, 2013 ASSETS Cash ............................................................ Accounts receivable .................................. Raw materials inventory ........................... Finished goods inventory ......................... Total current assets ................................... Equipment .................................................. $730,000 Less accumulated depreciation ...............210,000 Total assets ................................................ $ 40,000 333,900 80,000 325,540 779,440 520,000 $1,299,440 Cash budget Note C Note D Note E Note F Note G LIABILITIES AND EQUITY Accounts payable ...................................... Bank loan payable ..................................... Taxes payable ............................................ Total current liabilities .............................. Long-term note payable ............................ Common stock ........................................... $335,000 Retained earnings ......................................242,273 Total stockholders’ equity ........................ Total liabilities and equity ......................... $ 182,000 16,752 23,415 222,167 500,000 Note H Cash budget Income stmt. Unchanged Note I 577,273 $1,299,440 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1145 Problem 20-7A (Concluded) Supporting Footnotes Note C Beginning receivables ...................................................... $ 342,248 Credit sales ........................................................................ 1,001,701 Less collections ................................................................ (1,010,049) Ending receivables............................................................ $ 333,900 Note D Beginning raw materials inventory .................................. $ 98,500 Purchases of raw materials .............................................. 581,500 Less materials used in production** ................................ (600,000) Ending raw materials inventory* ...................................... $ 80,000 *Also equals 4,000 units @ $20 = $80,000 **30,000 units x $20 per unit Note E Beginning finished goods inventory................................$ 325,540 Cost of goods completed during the period ................... 1,191,000 Less cost of goods sold during the period ..................... (1,191,000) Ending finished goods inventory*....................................$ 325,540 *Also equals 16,400 units @ $19.85 = $325,540 Note F Beginning equipment ........................................................ $ 600,000 Purchased in June ............................................................ 130,000 Total ................................................................................... $ 730,000 Note G Beginning accumulated depreciation .............................. $ 150,000 Depreciation expense ....................................................... 60,000 Total ................................................................................... $ 210,000 Note H Beginning accounts payable ............................................ $ 200,500 Purchases of raw materials .............................................. 581,500 Payments for raw materials .............................................. (600,000) Ending accounts payable ................................................. $ 182,000 Note I ZIGBY MANUFACTURING Budgeted Statement of Retained Earnings For Three Months Ended June 30, 2013 Retained earnings, Beginning......................... $208,788 Add: Net income ......................................... 43,485 252,273 Less: Dividends ........................................... 10,000 Retained earnings, Ending .............................. $242,273 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1146 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition PROBLEM SET B Problem 20-1B (60 minutes) Part 1 H2O SPORTS CORPORATION Merchandise Purchases Budgets For April, May, and June April May June WATER SKIS Budgeted sales for next month ........................... 90,000 Ratio of ending inventory to future sales ........... 10% Budgeted ending inventory ................................. 9,000 Add budgeted sales .............................................. 70,000 Required units of available merchandise ........... 79,000 Less actual (or budgeted) beginning inventory .......(40,000) Budgeted purchases ............................................ 39,000 130,000 10% 13,000 90,000 103,000 (9,000) 94,000 100,000 10% 10,000 130,000 140,000 (13,000) 127,000 TOW ROPES Budgeted sales for next month ........................... 90,000 Ratio of ending inventory to future sales ........... 10% Budgeted ending inventory ................................. 9,000 Add budgeted sales ..............................................100,000 Required units of available merchandise ...........109,000 Less actual (or budgeted) beginning inventory .......(90,000) Budgeted purchases ............................................ 19,000 110,000 10% 11,000 90,000 101,000 (9,000) 92,000 100,000 10% 10,000 110,000 120,000 (11,000) 109,000 LIFE JACKETS Budgeted sales for next month ...........................190,000 200,000 120,000 10% 10% 10% Budgeted ending inventory ................................. 19,000 20,000 12,000 Add budgeted sales ..............................................160,000 190,000 200,000 Required units of available merchandise ...........179,000 210,000 212,000 Less actual (or budgeted) beginning inventory ....... (150,000) (19,000) 191,000 (20,000) 192,000 Ratio of ending inventory to future sales ........... Budgeted purchases ............................................ 29,000 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1147 Problem 20-1B (Concluded) Part 2. Analysis Component The factor that causes the first month’s purchases to be so much smaller is the excess inventory that accumulated just prior to the budgeting period. For example, 40,000 units of water skis are in April’s beginning inventory; however, April sales are budgeted at only 70,000 units. Accordingly, budgeted purchases are smaller because it is management’s goal to reduce the inventory to only 10% of the next month’s sales. This overstocking factor could exist for a number of reasons, including: Management may have simply lost sight of inventory levels, thereby allowing them to reach inappropriately high levels. There may have been some potentially disruptive factor (such as a strike, bad weather, or political uncertainty) that would have temporarily interrupted the smooth delivery of products from the supplier. Thus, management would have found it prudent to accumulate an excess as a temporary safety stock against an interrupted supply. The company’s suppliers may have only recently become more dependable than they were in the past. A supplier may have recently located a new distribution facility nearby, with the result that the merchandise can be delivered more promptly. Competition among suppliers may have caused them to become more customer oriented, with the result that they will deliver products in smaller lots more quickly. This means H2O Sports can now get by with a much smaller safety stock. ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1148 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Problem 20-2B (50 minutes) SONY STEREO Cash Budgets For April, May, and June April May June $ 53,000 $ 44,000 Collection on accounts receivable* ............ 136,000 210,000 290,200 Receipts from bank loan .............................. 80,000 _______ _______ Total cash available ........................................ 219,000 263,000 334,200 Cash disbursements Payments on accounts payable** ............... 80,000 188,000 186,000 Payroll ............................................................ 16,000 17,000 18,000 Rent ................................................................ 6,000 6,000 6,000 Other expenses ............................................. 64,000 8,000 7,000 Beginning balance .......................................... $ 3,000 Cash receipts Repayment on bank loan ............................. 80,000 Interest on bank loan* .................................. ________ ________ 2,400 Total cash disbursements ........................... 166,000 219,000 299,400 Ending cash balance ......................................$ 53,000 $ 44,000 $ 34,800 * Interest at 12% on $80,000 for 90 days is $2,400. Supporting calculations Collections of credit sales* March April May March sales ($180,000)—[25%: 45%: 20%: 9%] .............. $ 45,000 $ 81,000 $ 36,000 April sales ($220,000)—[25%: 45%: 20%] ....................... 55,000 99,000 May sales ($300,000)—[25%: 45%] .................................. 75,000 June sales ($380,000)—[25%] .......................................... Total .................................................................................. $ 45,000 $136,000 $210,000 June $ 16,200 44,000 135,000 95,000 $290,200 Payments on credit purchases** March April May March purchases ($100,000)—(0%: 80%: 20%) ..................................... $ 0 $ 80,000 $ 20,000 April purchases ($210,000)—(0%: 80%: 20%)........................................ 0 168,000 May purchases ($180,000)—(0%: 80%) .................................................. 0 June purchases ($220,000)—(0%) .......................................................... Total ......................................................................................................... $ 0 $ 80,000 $188,000 June $ 42,000 144,000 0 $186,000 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1149 Problem 20-3B (70 minutes) Part 1 Cash collections of credit sales (accounts receivable) From sales in Total % Collected January ..................................... $396,000 23% February.................................... 495,000 35 ................................... 23 March ........................................ 418,000 40 ......................................... 35 April ........................................... 412,500 40 Total collected .......................... March $ 91,080 173,250 April $113,850 167,200 _______ $431,530 146,300 165,000 $425,150 Part 2 Budgeted ending inventories (in units) January February Next month’s budgeted sales ..................... 22,500 Ratio of inventory to future sales ............... 20% Budgeted “base” ending inventory ........... 4,500 Plus safety stock.......................................... 100 Budgeted ending inventory ........................ 4,600 19,000 20% 3,800 100 3,900 March April 18,750 20% 3,750 100 3,850 21,000 20% 4,200 100 4,300 Part 3 CONNICK COMPANY Merchandise Purchases Budgets For February, March, and April February Budgeted ending inventory (from part 2) ............ March April 3,900 3,850 4,300 Add budgeted sales .......................................... 22,500 19,000 18,750 Required units of available merchandise ....... 26,400 22,850 23,050 Deduct beginning inventory ............................ (3,900) (3,850) 18,950 19,200 $12 $12 (4,600) Budgeted purchases (units) ............................ 21,800 Budgeted cost per unit ..................................... $12 Budgeted cost of merchandise purchases ........$261,600 $227,400 $230,400 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1150 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Problem 20-3B (Continued) Part 4 Cash payments on product purchases (for March and From purchases in Total % Paid February.......................................$261,600 70% March ........................................... 227,400 30 ............................................ 70 April .............................................. 230,400 30 Total paid ..................................... April) March $183,120 68,220 _______ $251,340 April $159,180 69,120 $228,300 Part 5 CONNICK COMPANY Cash Budget March and April March April Beginning cash balance .......................................................... $ 50,000 431,530 Cash receipts from customers ............................................... 481,530 Total available cash ................................................................. Cash disbursements Payments on purchases ....................................................... 251,340 Selling and administrative expenses................................... 160,000 Interest expense* ................................................................... 120 411,460 Total disbursements ............................................................. $ 58,070 425,150 483,220 228,300 160,000 0 388,300 $ 70,070 $ 94,920 Preliminary cash balance ........................................................ Additional loan ......................................................................... Repayment of loan ................................................................... (12,000) ________ Ending cash balance ............................................................... $ 58,070 $ 94,920 Ending loan balance ................................................................ $ 0 $ 0 *Interest expense: March = $12,000 x 12% /12 = $120 Part 6 Analysis Component: Information about the supply of cash in the near future would be helpful to the management of Connick Company. A good cash budget would be likely to be helpful to management in negotiating the terms of the loan. If the bank knows, for example, that the full borrowed amount is likely to be repaid in the following month, the interest rate could be substantially lower. ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1151 Problem 20-4B (50 minutes) Part 1 COMP-MEDIA Budgeted Income Statement For Months of July, August, and September, 2013 July Sales* ......................................................... $1,265,000 August September $1,391,500 $1,530,650 Cost of goods sold* .................................. 660,000 726,000 798,600 Gross profit ............................................... 605,000 665,500 732,050 Expenses Sales commissions (10%) ...................... 126,500 Advertising ($200,000 x 1.25) ................ 250,000 Store rent ................................................. 24,000 Administrative salaries .......................... 40,000 Depreciation ............................................ 50,000 Other ........................................................ 12,000 139,150 250,000 24,000 40,000 50,000 12,000 153,065 250,000 24,000 40,000 50,000 12,000 Total expenses .......................................... 502,500 515,150 529,065 Net income.................................................$ 102,500 $ 150,350 $ 202,985 * Volume for the next three months increases by 10% per month Sales Cost of Goods Units (@ $115) Sold (@ $60) June ($1,300,000/$130) .............................. 10,000 July ............................................................. 11,000 $1,265,000 $660,000 August ........................................................ 12,100 1,391,500 726,000 September .................................................. 13,310 1,530,650 798,600 Part 2: Analysis Component The plan for increasing sales volume by reducing the price and increasing advertising would cause the company to generate less net income in each of the three months of the next quarter than was earned in June. The expected results for the first three months are not encouraging. However, the September net income is 83% of that for June, and the rate of increase in earnings over the three months is substantial. If the growth rate for sales can be maintained without increasing commissions or other expenses, a large payoff might be earned by making the changes and riding out the short-run period of relatively lower profits. This is a common problem for management when introducing a new strategy, product, or service to the market. ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1152 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Problem 20-5B (130 minutes) Part 1 ISLE CORPORATION Sales Budgets January, February, and March 2014 Budgeted Units Budgeted Unit Price Budgeted Total Dollars $45 45 45 $ 270,000 360,000 450,000 $1,080,000 January 2014 ....................................................... 6,000 February 2014...................................................... 8,000 March 2014 ..........................................................10,000 Total for the first quarter ....................................24,000 Part 2 ISLE CORPORATION Merchandise Purchases Budgets January, February, and March 2014 January February March Total Next month’s budgeted sales ............... 8,000 10,000 9,000 Ratio of inventory to future sales ......... x 25% x 25% x 25% Budgeted ending inventory .................. 2,000 2,500 2,250 Add budgeted sales............................... 6,000 8,000 10,000 Required available merchandise .......... 8,000 10,500 12,250 Deduct beginning inventory ................. (5,000) (2,000) (2,500) Units to be purchased ........................... 3,000 8,500 9,750 21,250 Budgeted cost per unit.......................... $ 30 $ 30 $ 30 $ 30 Budgeted merchandise purchases ...... $90,000 $255,000 $292,500 $637,500 Part 3 ISLE CORPORATION Selling Expense Budgets January, February, and March 2014 January Budgeted sales ..................................... $270,000 Sales commission percent .................. x 20% Sales commissions expense............... 54,000 Sales salaries........................................ 7,500 Total selling expenses ......................... $ 61,500 February $360,000 x 20% 72,000 7,500 $ 79,500 March Total $450,000 x 20% 90,000 $216,000 7,500 22,500 $ 97,500 $238,500 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1153 Problem 20-5B (Continued) Part 4 ISLE CORPORATION General and Administrative Expense Budgets January, February, and March 2014 January February March Salaries ....................................................... $12,000 $12,000 $12,000 $36,000 Maintenance ............................................... 3,000 3,000 3,000 9,000 Depreciation* .............................................. 6,375 7,375 7,675 21,425 Total expenses ........................................... $21,375 $22,375 $22,675 $66,425 January February March $5,625 750 $5,625 750 1,000 ______ $7,375 * Depreciation expense calculations Annual Amount Equipment owned on 12/31/2013 .................... $67,500 Purchased in January ........ 9,000 Purchased in February ....... 12,000 Purchased in March............ 3,600 Total ..................................... ______ $6,375 $5,625 750 1,000 300 $7,675 Total Total $16,875 2,250 2,000 300 $21,425 Part 5 ISLE CORPORATION Capital Expenditures Budgets January, February, and March 2014 January February March Equipment purchases ......................................... $72,000 $96,000 $ 28,800 _______ Land purchase ..................................................... _______ 150,000 Total ...................................................................... $72,000 $96,000 $178,800 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1154 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Problem 20-5B (Continued) Part 6 ISLE CORPORATION Cash Budgets January, February, and March 2014 January February March Beginning cash balance ...................................... $ 36,000 Cash receipts from customers (note A)................382,500 Total cash available .............................................418,500 Cash disbursements Payments for merchandise (note B) ................... 72,000 Sales commissions ........................................... 54,000 Sales salaries ..................................................... 7,500 General & administrative salaries .................... 12,000 Maintenance expense ....................................... 3,000 Interest ($15,000 x 1%) ............................................ 150 Taxes payable .................................................... Purchases of equipment ................................... 72,000 ________ Purchase of land ................................................ Total cash disbursements ..................................220,650 Preliminary cash balance .................................... $197,850 Repayment of loan to bank ................................. (15,000) Additional loan from bank .................................. ________ Ending cash balance ........................................... $182,850 $182,850 $ 107,850 421,500 355,500 604,350 463,350 $107,850 76,950 $ 36,000 Loan balance, end of month ............................... $ $ $ 76,950 Supporting calculations Note A: Cash receipts from customers Total sales ......................................................... Cash sales (25%) .............................................. Credit sales (75%) ............................................ Cash collections Receivables at 12/31/2013 (60%; 40%) ........... January credit sales (60%; 40%) .................... February credit sales (60%; 40%) ................... Total from credit customers ............................ Cash sales......................................................... Total cash received .......................................... Note B: Cash payments for merchandise Credit purchases .............................................. Accounts payable at 12/31/2013 (20%; 80%) . January purchases (20%; 80%) ...................... February purchases (20%) .............................. Total paid on purchases .................................. 0 306,000 72,000 7,500 12,000 3,000 96,000 ________ 496,500 $107,850 ________ 0 90,000 28,800 150,000 504,300 $ (40,950) January February $270,000 $ 67,500 $202,500 $360,000 $ 90,000 $270,000 $450,000 $1,080,000 $112,500 $ 270,000 $337,500 $ 810,000 $315,000 $210,000 121,500 _______ 331,500 90,000 $421,500 $ 525,000 $ 81,000 202,500 162,000 162,000 243,000 889,500 112,500 270,000 $355,500 $1,159,500 $255,000 $288,000 18,000 _______ $306,000 $292,500 _______ $315,000 67,500 $382,500 $90,000 $72,000 _______ $72,000 March 123,000 90,000 7,500 12,000 3,000 $72,000 51,000 $123,000 Total $637,500 $360,000 90,000 51,000 $501,000 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1155 Problem 20-5B (Continued) Part 7 ISLE CORPORATION Budgeted Income Statement For Three Months Ended March 31, 2014 Sales................................................................................ $1,080,000 Cost of goods sold (24,000 units @ $30) ..................... 720,000 Gross profit .................................................................... 360,000 Operating expenses Sales commissions ..................................................... $216,000 Sales salaries ............................................................... 22,500 General administrative salaries ................................. 36,000 Maintenance expense ................................................. 9,000 Depreciation expense ................................................. 21,425 Interest expense .......................................................... 150 305,075 Income before taxes ...................................................... 54,925 Income taxes (40%) ....................................................... 21,970 Net income...................................................................... $ 32,955 Part 8 ISLE CORPORATION Budgeted Balance Sheet March 31, 2014 ASSETS Cash ............................................................ $ 36,000 Accounts receivable .................................. 445,500 Inventory ..................................................... 67,500 Total current assets ................................... 549,000 Equipment ..................................................$736,800 Less accumulated depreciation ............... 88,925 647,875 Land ............................................................ 150,000 Total assets ................................................ $1,346,875 Cash budget Note C Note D Note E Note F Capital budget LIABILITIES AND EQUITY Accounts payable ...................................... $ 496,500 Bank loan payable ..................................... 76,950 Taxes payable (due 4/15/2014) ................. 21,970 Total liabilities ............................................ 595,420 Common stock ...........................................$472,500 Retained earnings ...................................... 278,955 Total stockholders’ equity ........................ 751,455 Total liabilities and equity ......................... $1,346,875 Note G Cash budget Income stmt. Unchanged Note H ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1156 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Problem 20-5B (Concluded) Supporting Footnotes Note C Beginning receivables .................................................................$ 525,000 Credit sales ................................................................................... 810,000 Less collections ........................................................................... (889,500) Ending receivables.......................................................................$ 445,500 Note D Beginning inventory.....................................................................$ 150,000 Purchases ..................................................................................... 637,500 Less cost of goods sold .............................................................. (720,000) Ending inventory*.........................................................................$ 67,500 *Also equals 2,250 units @ $30 = $67,500 Note E Beginning equipment ...................................................................$ 540,000 Purchased in January .................................................................. 72,000 Purchased in February................................................................. 96,000 Purchased in March ..................................................................... 28,800 Total ..............................................................................................$ 736,800 Note F Beginning accumulated depreciation .........................................$ 67,500 Depreciation expense .................................................................. 21,425 Total ..............................................................................................$ 88,925 Note G Beginning accounts payable .......................................................$ 360,000 Purchases ..................................................................................... 637,500 Payments ...................................................................................... (501,000) Ending accounts payable ............................................................$ 496,500 Note H Beginning retained earnings .......................................................$ 246,000 Net income .................................................................................... 32,955 Total ..............................................................................................$ 278,955 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1157 Problem 20-6B (30 minutes) Part 1 NSA COMPANY Production Budget (in units) Second Quarter Budgeted ending inventory (bats) ........................................................ 6,000 Add budgeted sales ................................................................................250,000 Required units of available production ................................................256,000 Deduct beginning inventory (bats) ....................................................... (8,000) Units to be manufactured ......................................................................248,000 Part 2 NSA COMPANY Direct Materials Budget (in lbs, except where noted) Second Quarter Materials (aluminum) needed for production (248,000 x 3) ............ 744,000 Add budgeted ending inventory (aluminum) ................................... 12,000 Total materials (aluminum) requirements ........................................ 756,000 Deduct beginning inventory (aluminum) .......................................... (15,000) Units of materials (aluminum) to be purchased .............................. 741,000 Materials cost per pound ................................................................... $4 Total cost of materials purchases (741,000 x $4) ............................$2,964,000 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1158 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Problem 20-6B (concluded) Part 3 NSA COMPANY Direct Labor Budget Second Quarter Units to be produced ............................................................... Labor requirements per unit (hours) ..................................... x Total labor hours needed ........................................................ Labor rate (per hour) ............................................................... x 248,000 0.50 124,000 $18 Labor dollars ............................................................................ $2,232,000 Part 4 NSA COMPANY Factory Overhead Budget Second Quarter Total labor hours needed ........................................................ Variable overhead rate per direct labor hour ........................ x 124,000 $12 Budgeted variable overhead ................................................... $1,488,000 Budgeted fixed overhead ........................................................ 1,776,000 Budgeted total overhead ......................................................... $3,264,000 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1159 Problem 20-7B (130 minutes) Part 1 NABAR MANUFACTURING Sales Budgets July, August, and September 2013 Budgeted Units Budgeted Unit Price Budgeted Total Dollars July 2013 ............................................................... 21,000 $17.00 $ 357,000 August 2013.......................................................... 19,000 17.00 323,000 September 2013 ................................................... 20,000 17.00 340,000 Total for the first quarter ..................................... 60,000 $1,020,000 Part 2 NABAR MANUFACTURING Production Budget July, August, and September 2013 July Next month’s budgeted sales ............... Ratio of inventory to future sales ......... x August 19,000 70% Sept. 20,000 x 70% Total 24,000 x 70% Budgeted ending inventory .................. 13,300 14,000 16,800 Add budgeted sales............................... 21,000 19,000 20,000 Required units to be produced ............. 34,300 33,000 36,800 Deduct beginning inventory ................. (16,800) (13,300) (14,000) Units to be produced ............................. 17,500 19,700 22,800 60,000 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1160 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Problem 20-7B (continued) Part 3 NABAR MANUFACTURING Raw Materials Budget July, August, and September 2013 July August Sept. Total Production budget (units) ..................... 17,500 Materials requirement per unit ............. x 0.50 Materials needed for production .......... 8,750 Add budgeted ending inventory ........... 1,970 Total materials requirements (units) .... 10,720 Deduct beginning inventory ................. (4,375) Materials to be purchased .................... 6,345 19,700 x 0.50 9,850 2,280 12,130 (1,970) 10,160 22,800 x 0.50 11,400 1,980 13,380 (2,280) 11,100 27,605 Material price per unit ........................... $ $ 8 $ 8 $ 8 $ 81,280 $ 88,800 $220,840 8 Total cost of direct material purchases ..... $ 50,760 Part 4 NABAR MANUFACTURING Direct Labor Budget July, August, and September 2013 July Budgeted production (units) ................ 17,500 Labor requirements per unit (hours).... x 0.50 Total labor hours needed ...................... 8,750 August Sept. 19,700 22,800 x 0.50 x 0.50 9,850 11,400 Total 30,000 Labor rate (per hour) ............................. $ 16 $ 16 $ 16 $ 16 Labor dollars .......................................... $140,000 $157,600 $182,400 $480,000 Part 5 NABAR MANUFACTURING Factory Overhead Budget July, August, and September 2013 July Budgeted production (units) ............... 17,500 x $1.35 Variable factory overhead rate* .......... Budgeted variable overhead ............... 23,625 Fixed overhead ..................................... 20,000 Budgeted total overhead .....................$ 43,625 August Sept. 19,700 x $1.35 Total 22,800 x $1.35 26,595 30,780 $ 81,000 20,000 20,000 60,000 $ 46,595 $ 50,780 $141,000 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1161 Problem 20-7B (continued) Part 6 NABAR MANUFACTURING Selling Expense Budgets July, August, and September 2013 July August Sept. Budgeted sales ..................................... $357,000 $323,000 $340,000 Sales commission percent .................. x x x 10% 10% Total 10% Sales commissions expense............... 35,700 32,300 34,000 $102,000 Sales salaries........................................ 3,500 3,500 3,500 10,500 Total selling expenses ......................... $ 39,200 $ 35,800 $ 37,500 $112,500 Part 7 NABAR MANUFACTURING General and Administrative Expense Budgets July, August, and September 2013 July August Salaries ....................................................... $ 9,000 $ 9,000 Interest on long-term note ........................ 2,700 2,700 Total expenses ........................................... $11,700 $11,700 Sept. Total $ 9,000 $27,000 2,700 8,100 $11,700 $35,100 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1162 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Problem 20-7B (Continued) Part 8 NABAR MANUFACTURING Cash Budgets July, August, and September 2013 July Beginning cash balance ...................................... $ 40,000 Cash receipts from customers (note A)................ 357,000 Total cash available ............................................. 397,000 Cash disbursements Payments for raw materials (note B) .................. 51,400 Payments for direct labor ................................. 140,000 Payments for variable overhead ...................... 23,625 Sales commissions ........................................... 35,700 Sales salaries ..................................................... 3,500 General & administrative salaries .................... 9,000 Income taxes ...................................................... 10,000 Dividends ........................................................... Loan interest ($24,000 x 1%) .................................. 240 Long-term note interest ($300,000 x .0.9%) ............ 2,700 Purchase of equipment ..................................... _______ Total cash disbursements .................................. 276,165 August Sept. $ 96,835 346,800 443,635 $141,180 328,100 469,280 50,760 157,600 26,595 32,300 3,500 9,000 81,280 182,400 30,780 34,000 3,500 9,000 20,000 2,700 _______ 302,455 2,700 100,000 443,660 Preliminary cash balance .................................... 120,835 141,180 Additional loan ..................................................... Repayment of loan to bank .................................(24,000) _______ Ending cash balance ........................................... $ 96,835 $141,180 25,620 14,380 Loan balance, end of month ............................... $ Supporting calculations July Note A: Cash receipts from customers Total sales .........................................................$357,000 Cash sales (30%) .............................................. 107,100 Credit sales (70%) ............................................ 249,900 Cash collections Month after sale (100%) ...................................$249,900 Cash sales......................................................... 107,100 Total cash received ..........................................$357,000 Note B: Cash payments for raw materials Month after purchase (100%) ..........................$ 51,400 August 0 $ Sept. 0 ________ $ 40,000 $ 14,380 Total $323,000 96,900 226,100 $340,000 102,000 238,000 $1,020,000 306,000 714,000 $249,900 96,900 $346,800 $226,100 102,000 $328,100 $ 725,900 306,000 $1,031,900 $ 50,760 $ 81,280 $ 183,440 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1163 Problem 20-7B (Continued) Part 9 NABAR MANUFACTURING Budgeted Income Statement For Three Months Ended September 30, 2013 Sales................................................................................ $1,020,000 Cost of goods sold (60,000 units @ $14.35) ................ 861,000 Gross profit .................................................................... 159,000 Operating expenses Sales commissions ..................................................... $102,000 Sales salaries ............................................................... 10,500 General administrative salaries ................................. 27,000 Long-term note interest .............................................. 8,100 Interest expense .......................................................... 240 147,840 Income before taxes ...................................................... 11,160 Income taxes (35%) ....................................................... 3,906 Net income...................................................................... $ 7,254 Part — Budgeted Retained Earnings & Budgeted Balance Sheet NABAR MANUFACTURING Budgeted Balance Sheet September 30, 2013 ASSETS Cash ............................................................ $ 40,000 Accounts receivable .................................. 238,000 Raw materials inventory ........................... 15,840 Finished goods inventory ......................... 241,080 Total current assets ................................... 534,920 Equipment .................................................. $820,000 Less accumulated depreciation ...............300,000 520,000 Total assets ................................................ $1,054,920 Cash budget Note C Note D Note E Note F Note G LIABILITIES AND EQUITY Accounts payable ...................................... Bank loan payable ..................................... Taxes payable ............................................ Total current liabilities .............................. Long-term note payable ............................ Common stock ........................................... $600,000 Retained earnings ...................................... 47,834 Total stockholders’ equity ........................ Total liabilities and equity ......................... $ 88,800 14,380 3,906 107,086 300,000 Note H Cash budget Income stmt. Unchanged Note I 647,834 $1,054,920 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1164 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Problem 20-7B (Concluded) Supporting Footnotes Note C Beginning receivables ...................................................... $ 249,900 Credit sales ........................................................................ 714,000 Less collections ................................................................ (725,900) Ending receivables............................................................ $ 238,000 Note D Beginning raw materials inventory .................................. $ 35,000 Purchases of raw materials .............................................. 220,840 Less materials used in production** ................................ (240,000) Ending inventory raw materials inventory* ..................... $ 15,840 *Also equals 1,980 units @ $8 = $15,840 **30,000 units x $8 per unit Note E Beginning finished goods inventory................................ $ 241,080 Cost of goods completed during the period ................... 861,000 Less cost of goods sold during the period ..................... (861,000) Ending inventory raw materials inventory* ..................... $ 241,080 *Also equals 16,800 units @ $14.35 = $241,080 Note F Beginning equipment ........................................................ $ 720,000 Purchased in September .................................................. 100,000 Total ................................................................................... $ 820,000 Note G Beginning accumulated depreciation .............................. $ 240,000 Depreciation expense ....................................................... 60,000 Total ................................................................................... $ 300,000 Note H Beginning accounts payable ............................................ $ 51,400 Purchases of raw materials .............................................. 220,840 Payments for raw materials .............................................. (183,440) Ending accounts payable ................................................. $ 88,800 Note I NABAR MANUFACTURING Budgeted Statement of Retained Earnings For Three Months Ended September 30, 2013 Retained earnings, Beginning......................... $60,580 Add: Net income ......................................... 7,254 67,834 Less: Dividends ........................................... 20,000 Retained earnings, Ending .............................. $47,834 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1165 Serial Problem — SP 20 Serial Problem, Success Systems (50 minutes) Part 1 SUCCESS SYSTEMS Budgeted Income Statements For Months of April, May, and June April Sales* ......................................................... $69,600 May June $75,550 $81,500 Cost of goods sold**................................. 54,000 57,750 61,500 Gross profit ............................................... 15,600 17,800 20,000 Sales commissions (10%) ...................... 6,960 7,555 8,150 Advertising ($3,000 x 1.10) .................... 3,300 3,300 3,300 Other fixed expenses ............................. 6,000 6,000 6,000 Total expenses .......................................... 16,260 16,855 17,450 Expenses Net income................................................. $ (660) $ 945 $ 2,550 *Results from per month volume increases for the next 3 months Desks Units Sales (@ $1,150) Variable Cost of Sales (@ $750) April..................................................................... 48 $55,200 $36,000 May ...................................................................... 52 59,800 39,000 June .............................................................. 56 64,400 113 42,000 Chairs Units Sales (@ $450) April..................................................................... 32 $14,400 May ...................................................................... 35 15,750 June .............................................................. 38 17,100 113 Variable Cost of Sales (@ $250) $8,000 8,750 9,500 Total Desk & Chairs Sales April..................................................................... $69,600 = $55,200 + $14,400 May ...................................................................... $75,550 = $59,800 + $15,750 June .............................................................. $81,500 = $64,400 113 + $17,100 **Total Cost of Sales Variable April..................................................................... $44,000 May ...................................................................... 47,750 June 51,500 Fixed $10,000 10,000 10,000 Variable Cost of Sales $44,000 = $36,000 + $8,000 $47,750 = $39,000 + $8,750 $51,500 = $42,000 + $9,500 Total Cost of Sales $54,000 57,750 61,500 ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1166 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Serial Problem, Success Systems (Concluded) Part 2 The plan for increasing sales volume by reducing the price and increasing advertising would cause the company to generate a loss in the first month of the next quarter. This result is not encouraging. However, the company would expect profits in each of the next two months of the quarter, and the rate of increase in earnings over the three months is substantial. However, the amount of profits in each of the next two months is low relative to the company’s current income. If the growth rate for sales can be maintained without increasing commissions or other expenses, a large payoff might be earned by making the changes and riding out the short-run period of relatively lower profits. This is a common problem for management when introducing a new strategy, product, or service to the market. Reporting in Action — BTN 20-1 1. Polaris’s statement of cash flows would report cash paid for acquisitions of property and equipment among the activities disclosed in its cash flows from investing activities section. 2. a. Cash paid for acquisitions of property and equipment and reported on the statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2011 is $84,484 (thousands). b. Given the assumption—that Polaris’s annual cash payments for acquisitions of property and equipment equal 40% of the prior year’s net income—we would budget cash payments for the year ended 2012 of $91,030 (thousands), computed as $227,575 (thousands) x 40%. 3. Answers will depend on Polaris’s results obtained. ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1167 Comparative Analysis — BTN 20-2 1. Computation of inventory reduction under new distribution system Amount of ending inventory required at the 30% rule [$1,000,000 x (1- 0.20) x 0.30] .................................................. $240,000 Amount of ending inventory required at the 10% rule [$1,000,000 x (1- 0.20) x 0.10] .................................................. 80,000 Difference (inventory reduction)................................................. $160,000 This result implies that Arctic Cat can reduce its inventory level for the Canadian market by $160,000 if it improves its distribution system. 2. An analysis such as in part 1 along with an explanation can make clear to management the cost of funds necessary to support ending inventory levels. Unless this type of information and analysis are prepared, it is unlikely management will dedicate valuable time and energy to investigate and implement a JIT inventory system. To further illustrate, assuming a 15% interest cost of resources tied up in inventory, a company can save money by reducing its inventory level. In particular, by reducing its ending inventory by $160,000, Arctic Cat would save $24,000 per year ($160,000 difference x 15% interest cost) for just this one model and market. This means the operating costs of a JIT inventory system can be as high as $24,000 per year and be justified in terms of its costs being less than its benefits. Moreover, if such a shift in inventory can benefit multiple future periods and multiple product models, the savings are even greater. The type of analysis here can show management the benefits of a JIT inventory system, or any system, that reduces its inventory level. Extending this analysis to all markets and product models, the benefits can be seen to be substantial. ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1168 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Ethics Challenge — BTN 20-3 Report on “Use It or Lose It” Budgeting Instructor note: There is no widely accepted solution to this problem. The key is for the student to think about the problem and work to at least modify the negative behavioral consequences of this practice. Any plan offered as a solution must better align upper management’s expectations with department managers’ behavior. For example, upper management might only cut by one-half the amount not spent according to budget. Another potential suggestion is to allow department managers the option of justifying why the amount was not spent and explain why current budget levels must be maintained. Upper management must also keep in mind that efficient and effective allocation of resources is necessary to provide high-quality services to customers and the public. All spending behavior must be monitored. Without monitoring in the budgeting system, even more money will be wasted or used inefficiently. ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1169 Communicating in Practice — BTN 20-4 MEMORANDUM TO: FROM: DATE: SUBJECT: ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ The content of this memorandum will vary among students. The student must emphasize the need to know the compensation structure of the sales staff to understand any potential bias in the information provided to the budget process. The memorandum should explain why a concern with bias in the information does exist. Specifically, if a bonus is paid when sales go over budget, then the sales staff is likely to under report achievable sales to increase the likelihood of earning the bonus. However, setting the budget below what is actually expected to occur invalidates the budget activity. Useful budgeting depends on accurate and unbiased sales estimates. Taking It to the Net — BTN 20-5 1. The “e-budgets” Website lists a number of benefits such as accuracy, timeliness, ease of sharing information, ease of updating, real-time comparison of actual performance vs. estimates, and so on. In the case of large, multi-divisional companies, coordination across and within divisions is extremely important, so that plans across the organization are consistent. It appears that e-budgeting allows managers to share information on a real-time basis. Therefore, any changes made to the estimates can be seen right away by others within the organization. Moreover, e-budgets are spreadsheet based which manipulation of data and sensitivity (or what-if) analysis. allows for 2. As a senior manager, my biggest concern would be security, particularly when the system is easily accessible and usable. It would be important to determine who in the organization will have access to the information, and who will have the authority to change information. Also, it would be important to review the security protocols of outsiders (pirates) accessing e-budgets’ databases. ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1170 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition Teamwork in Action — BTN 20-6 There is no specific solution to this assignment. The instructor should watch for proper development and identification of all reasonable costs. Specifically, one should review the (1) items included in the budget, (2) assumptions used in preparing the budget, and (3) proper format. For example, one can look for how the team projected the costs of books and supplies for courses yet to be attended. Taking the average cost of books per course is one reasonable approach. Entrepreneurial Decision — BTN 20-7 1. Budgeting allows an organization to plan its activities better by allocating financial resources to the different activities. Consequently, it can provide the owners with information that they can use for financing purposes as well. 2. Sales forecasts and purchases budgets are particularly important in businesses like Freshii that sell perishable items (food) and that try to adapt rapidly to changing customer tastes. Failure to identify changing sales trends could result in Matthew purchasing too much of certain food items and too little of others. Purchasing excessive food items could result in losses due to spoilage. Purchasing too little of certain food items could result in missed sales. ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Solutions Manual, Chapter 20 1171 Hitting the Road — BTN 20-8 Instructor note: This problem is designed to (1) show that external factors are important in determining price and volume and (2) develop awareness of external factors when preparing a sales budget. 1. & 2. The types of external factors identified by the student for consideration in part (1), or selected as an explanatory factor for part (2), might include the following: Location, such as near a convenient or busy traffic area. Competitors’ responses to price and quality. Climatic conditions. Shifting demographics. Changes to industrial base. Labor supply. Global Decision — BTN 20-9 1. The infrastructure and administration expense budget is likely to be an important budget in the master budgeting process at KTM. In 2011, infrastructure and administration expenses comprised about 4.0% (€20,870,000/€526,801,000) of sales revenue. The amount of infrastructure and administration expenses requires that due attention is given to the infrastructure and administration expense budget component of the master budget each year. 2. General office expenses Top management salaries Depreciation expense 3. The initial responsibility usually rests with a vice president or an equivalent-level manager. KTM is organized by divisions. Therefore, managers in each division may have initial responsibility for the infrastructure and administration expense budget. ©2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1172 Financial & Managerial Accounting, 5th Edition