4/28/2014
What Will
What Will I Be Learning?
Human Body Body
Systems
At TThe End, I At he End, I Can
Can: : Differentiate the Levels of Organization
Describe the Components and Functions of the 12 Body Systems:












Digestive System
Excretory System
Respiratory System
Respiratory System
Circulatory System
Nervous System
Endocrine System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Immune System
Lymphatic System
Integumentary System
Reproductive System
TEKS 10.
Multiple Levels of Biological Systems in Animals/Humans. Interactions that occur among
Interactions that occur among systems that perform the functions of: 



Regulation
Nutrition Absorption
Reproduction
Defense from Injury/Illness
Levels of Organization
Atom
Molecule
Cell
Tissue
Organ
O
Organ System
S t
Organism/Species
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biome
Biosphere
“Cell”
“Tissue”
Definition: the smallest unit capable of life, made of multiple molecules. (ex. epithelial cell)
Definition: a group of cells working together to perform a particular function.
1
4/28/2014
“Organ”
Definition: a group of tissues working together to perform a particular function. (ex. heart, lung, bone)
“Organ System”
Definition: a group of organs working together to perform a particular function. (ex. circulatory system, respiratory system)
“Organism”
Definition: a biological system that is composed of many levels. (ex. human being)
12 Human Body Systems
POP QUIZ
The smallest unit capable of life, made of multiple molecules is called?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Tissue
Cell
Organ
Organism
Human Body Systems
 Digestive System
 Excretory System
 Respiratory System
 Circulatory System
 Nervous System
 Endocrine System
E d i S t
 Skeletal System
 Muscular System
 Immune System
 Lymphatic System
 Integumentary System
 Reproductive System
2
4/28/2014
Human Body Systems
“Homeostasis”
Definition: the process by which organisms keep internal conditions relatively constant despite changes in external environments.
The purpose of the 12 organ system is for the human body to maintain homeostasis
human body to maintain homeostasis. Homeostasis is made possible through the coordination of all the body systems. POP QUIZ
The process by which organisms keep internal conditions relatively constant despite changes in external environments is called?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Homologies
Homozygous
Homeostasis
Homologous
V: Human Body Systems The 11 Champs
“Digestive System”
Definition: The function of this system is to break down foods (biomolecules) and absorb nutrients so that an organism can use them.
3
4/28/2014
“Digestive System”
“Digestive System”
(Major Organs and Their Functions)
(Major Organs and Their Functions)
Mouth: to chew (mechanical), grind up (break down carbohydrates), and lubricate food (via salivary glands).
l d)
Pancreas: produces the hormone insulin that regulates blood sugar levels, also help neutralize stomach acid.
id
Esophagus: pipe connecting mouth to stomach.
Liver: produces bile, which breaks down fats (lipids) in foods.
Stomach: secretes an extraordinarily strong acid (pH = 2) that leads to breakdown of food.
“Digestive System”
(Major Organs and Their Functions)
Gallbladder: pouch‐like organ that stores bile for future use.
V: Digestive System
(V: Human Digestive System)
Small Intestine: after digestion is complete, the broken down food enters the small intestine where it is absorbed into the bloodstream via villi/microvilli
via villi/microvilli.
Large Intestine: removes water from the broken down food and gets the waste ready for excretion.
Peristalsis: series of muscle contractions that occur in your digestive tract to move food forward. POP QUIZ
“Excretory System”
After digestion is complete, the broken down food enters the small intestine where it is absorbed into the bloodstream via _______________?
Definition: The function of this system is to filter the blood to rid itself of liquid wastes, excess water, and poisons.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Intestine
Pancreas
Villi/Microvilli
/
Stomach
4
4/28/2014
“Excretory System”
(Major Organs and Their Functions)
Kidney: removes the nitrogenous wastes from the blood such as urea, salts, and excess water are also removed from the l
df
th
blood and excrete them in the form of urine. Sweat Glands: secrete a fluid waste called sweat (excess water and salts) or perspiration.
“Excretory System”
(Major Organs and Their Functions)
Lungs: expel and diffuse gaseous wastes, such as carbon dioxide, from the bloodstream as a normal part of respiration.
part of
respiration
Rectum: solid (food) waste travels out of the body through the rectum.
Bladder: collects waste excreted by the kidneys prior to disposal by urination.
V: Excretory System Parts and Functions
“Respiratory System”
Definition: The function of this system is to provide the body with a fresh supply of oxygen for cellular respiration and remove the waste product carbon dioxide. 5
4/28/2014
“Respiratory System”
“Respiratory System”
(Major Organs and Their Functions)
(Major Organs and Their Functions)
Nose/Nasal Cavity: internal entry (oxygen) and exit point for air (carbon dioxide).
Pharynx: serves as a passage way for both air and food at the back of the throat.
Larynx: your “voice box”, as air passes over your vocal chords, you speak.
V: The Respiratory System
(V: Respiratory System 3D)
(V: Respiratory System Song)
Trachea: the “windpipe”, or what connects your pharynx to your lungs. Bronchi: the two large p
passageways that lead from the g
y
trachea to your lungs (one for each lung).
Alveoli: tiny air sacs inside lungs (clusters) surrounded by capillaries (gas exchange with blood occurs).
Diaphragm: muscle that causes you to breathe.
POP QUIZ
_______________ is the tiny air sacs inside lungs (clusters) surrounded by capillaries (gas exchange with blood occurs).
A)
B)
C)
D)
Trachea
Bronchi
Alveoli
Diaphragm
“Circulatory System”
Definition: The function of this system is to transport materials such as oxygen, digested foods, wastes, and hormones throughout the body.
6
4/28/2014
“Circulatory System”
“Circulatory System”
(Major Organs and Their Functions)
(Major Organs and Their Functions)
Heart: the major muscle, that pumps oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs. y
from Arteries: carry blood AWAY
the heart and to the major organs of the body.
Veins: carry blood BACK to the heart away from the major organs of the body.
Capillaries: small blood vessels where gas exchange occurs.
Blood: the cells that flow through the circulatory system. Red Blood Cells: contain hemoglobin, an iron‐rich protein that carries oxygen.
yg
White Blood Cells: function in the immune system.
Platelets: help in blood clotting.
Spleen: helps to filter out toxins in the blood. V: Circulatory System
V: Circulation (V: The Circulatory Song!)
(V: Circulatory System Song)
(V: Circulatory System Rap)
POP QUIZ
This blood cell, _______________ functions in assisting the immune system.
A)
B)
C)
D)
White Blood Cell
Red Blood Cell
Platelets
Spleen Cell
“Nervous System”
Definition: The function of this system is to coordinate the body’s response to changes in its internal and external environment. It directs the behavior and processes such as digestion, circulation, movement, etc.
digestion, circulation, movement, etc.
7
4/28/2014
“Nervous System”
(Major Organs and Their Functions)
Brain: control center of the body, where all processes are relayed through. Spinal Cord: sends Spinal
Cord: sends
instructions from the brain to the rest of the body and vice versa.
Nerves: conduct impulses to muscle cells throughout the body. Made of neurons.
“Nervous System”
(Major Organs and Their Functions)
Neurons: electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals. g
Sensory Neurons: input of information from sensory receptors.
Motor Neurons: output information through muscles and glands.
V: School House Rock ‐
V: School House Rock ‐ The Nervous System
(V: Nervous System Song)
(V: Central Nervous System)
(V: Mechanisms of Pain Modulation)
“Endocrine System”
Definition: The function of this system is to control the proper function of other systems (i.e. growth, development, metabolism and reproduction) by releasing hormones in the organism.
8
4/28/2014
“Endocrine System”
(Major Organs and Their Functions)
Major Organs/Glands: Hypothalamus, Pituitary Gland, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal Glands, Pancreas, Testes, Ovaries.
Function: regulation of mood, growth and development, tissue function, metabolism (chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life), and sexual function and reproductive processes.
V: Endocrine System Animation
(V: The Endocrine System)
(V: The Endocrine System Vid)
“Skeletal System”
Definition: The function of this system is to form a framework for muscles to attach to, and it serves to protect organs inside the organism. “Skeletal System”
(Major Organs and Their Functions)
“Skeletal System”
Major Bones of the Human Body
 Femur (thigh bone)
Bone Marrow: the flexible tissue in the interior of bones where new blood cells are generated.
Bones require the mineral calcium for strength.
 Humerus (upper arm)
 Radius and ulna (lower arm)
 Cranium (skull)
 Sternum (breastbone)
Sternum (breastbone)
 Clavicle (shoulder blade)
 Fibula and tibia (calf)
 Vertebrae (back)
 Scalpula (shoulder)
 Pelvic bone
 Coccyx (tail bone)
 Phalanges (fingers/toes)
9
4/28/2014
POP QUIZ
_______________ is the flexible tissue in the interior of bones where new blood cells are generated.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Scalpula
Clavicle
Femur
Bone Marrow
V: Them Not‐‐So
V: Them Not
So‐‐Dry Bones
V: Skeletal System
“Muscular System”
Definition: The function of this system is to work with the skeletal and nervous system to produce movement, also helps to circulate blood through the human body.
“Muscular System”
(Major Organs and Their Functions)
Skeletal Muscle: form of striated muscle tissue which is under the control of the nervous system; it is voluntarily controlled (contract upon command). Smooth Muscle: involuntary (without (
conscious thought) non‐striated muscle located within wall of blood vessels and intestines (and other organs).
Cardiac Muscle: involuntary (without conscious thought) striated muscle that is found in the walls of the heart.
10
4/28/2014
V: The Muscular System
V: Muscular System Video
“Immune System”
Definition: The function of this system is to destroy harmful microbes that invade an organism and can possibly kill it. Remove infectious diseases and other pathogens from the human body.
from the human body.
“Immune System”
(Major Organs and Their Functions)
Skin: the body’s first line of defense.
White Blood Cells: recognize disease agents (antigens) and disease
agents (antigens) and
create antibodies to tag and remove these antigens.
Immunity: the state of having sufficient biological defenses to avoid infection, disease, or other unwanted biological invasion.
“Immune System”
(Major Organs and Their Functions)
Passive Immunity: acquired through transfer of antibodies or activated T‐cells from an immune host, and is short lived—usually lasting only a few months.
Active Immunity: induced in the host itself by antigen (foreign/toxic) and lasts much longer, sometimes lifelong.
V: Our Immune System
(V: Introduction to the Immune System)
(V: Immune System)
11
4/28/2014
“Lymphatic System”
Definition: This system is part of the circulatory system. It produces lymphocytes to fight infection that may be found in the blood stream. It also collects, filters (lymph nodes), and transports fluids from around
nodes), and transports fluids from around the tissues back to the veins of the circulatory system.
“Lymphatic System”
(Major Organs and Their Functions)
Lymph Nodes: help restore fluid lost by the blood and return it to the circulatory system
the circulatory system.
Lymph: the fluid that circulates throughout the lymphatic system.
POP QUIZ
_______________ helps restore fluid lost by the blood and return it to the circulatory system.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Lymph Nodes
Bone Marrow
Kidneys
Appendix
V: Lymph System V: Lymphatic System
12
4/28/2014
“Integumentary System”
Definition: The function of this system is to protect the body from harmful organisms that try to enter it. The system also prevents the organism from drying out.
“Integumentary System”
“Integumentary System”
(Major Organs and Their Functions)
(Major Organs and Their Functions)
Epithelium: tissue that line the cavities and surfaces of structures throughout the body, and also form many glands. Functions of epithelial cells include secretion, selective absorption, protection, transcellular transport and detection of sensation.
Skin: Forms the external body covering. Protects deeper tissue from injury Helps regulate
injury. Helps regulate body temperature. Waterproof, cushion, excrete waste, sensory receptors for pain and sensation.
V: What is Skin
(V: Function of Skin)
“Reproductive System”
Definition: The function of this system is to develops specialized cells that enable organisms to produce offspring.
13
4/28/2014
V: The Birds And The Bees
At TThe End, I At he End, I Can
Can: : Differentiate the Levels of Organization
Describe the Components and Functions of the 12 Body Systems:












Digestive System
Excretory System
Respiratory System
Respiratory System
Circulatory System
Nervous System
Endocrine System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Immune System
Lymphatic System
Integumentary System
Reproductive System
14