Phylum Echinodermata
1
Phylum Echinodermata
Phylum Echinodermata
z
Defining Characteristics
–
–
2
A complex series of fluid filled canals with numerous
flexible feeding and locomotory appendages
5 pointed radial symmetry in adult
Phylum Echinodermata
Echinoderms Skeleton
z
z
3
Have an internal skeleton of
calcium carbonate
– Ossicles vary in size and
structure and are
manufactured by
specialized cells
Feeding biology?
Phylum Echinodermata
Water vascular system
z
z
z
4
A separate coelom is
used with
interconnecting fluid
filled tubes and canals
A ring canal circles the
mouth and gives off 5
radial canals
The radial canal is
exposed and runs along
the ambulacral groove
Phylum Echinodermata
Water Vascular System
5
Phylum Echinodermata
Tube Feet
z
z
6
The ampullae is a
small ball that sits
above the tube foot
Contraction and
expansion of the
ampulla accomplishes
movement
Phylum Echinodermata
Mutable Connective Tissue
z
7
Another unique Echinodermata
characteristic is the presence of mutable
connective tissue
Phylum Echinodermata
Taxonomic Summary
z
Phylum Echinodermata
–
–
–
Class Crinoidea
Class Concentricycloidea
Class Stelleroidea
z
z
–
–
8
Subclass Asteroidea
Subclass Ophiuroidea
Class Echinoidea
Class Holothuroidea
Phylum Echinodermata
Subclass Asteroidea
9
Phylum Echinodermata
Sea Stars
z
z
10
The oral surface of each arm has a single ambulacral
groove
Have a large coelom where all the main organs occur
Phylum Echinodermata
Sea Star Feeding
z
z
11
Feed mainly on slow
moving, sedentary,
or sessile
invertebrates
Some species evert
the stomach onto
prey and digest
externally, others
swallow whole
Phylum Echinodermata
Pedicellariae
z
12
Specialized pinchers
found on the aboral
surface.
Phylum Echinodermata
Reproduction
z
Can reproduce asexually
z
by disk division
Sexual Reproduction
–
–
13
Dioecious with sperm
or eggs produced in 2
or more gonads in
each arm
Larval stage =
bipinnaria
Phylum Echinodermata
Regeneration
z
z
14
Many species autotomize,
leaving predators with a
nutritious souvenir while
they escape
Most spp. can regenerate
from fragments that
include the disk
Phylum Echinodermata
Subclass Ophiuroidea
z
15
Defining Characteristics
– Well-developed
ossicles in the arms
forming a system of
articulating vertebrae
– The oral surface bears
5 pair of bursal sacs
Phylum Echinodermata
Brittle Star Structure
16
Phylum Echinodermata
Reproduction
z
z
17
Similar to Asteroids;
yet a pluteus larva
is formed
Regenerate well,
and one spp., in our
area reproduces
asexually by disk
division
Phylum Echinodermata
Class Echinoidea
z
z
18
Defining characteristics
– Ossicles are joined to form
a rigid test
– Adults possess a feeding
structure called Aristotle’s
lantern
Two attributes: mobile spines,
and hollow skeleton or test
Phylum Echinodermata
Sea Urchin Structure
19
Phylum Echinodermata
Pedicellariae
z
z
20
Pedicellariae prevent
fouling of test and
are used in defense
More complex than
sea stars and are
located on tall
moveable stalks
Phylum Echinodermata
Ingestion and Digestion
z
Feed on alga material, encrusting bryozoans or
scavenge
–
–
–
21
Food is chopped by 5 sharp pointed teeth
The digestive system is long to deal with vegetable
manner
The anus is located aborally
Phylum Echinodermata
Reproduction
z
z
z
22
Most conspicuous
organs are those
responsible for
reproduction
At spawning the entire
coelom will fill with
sperm or eggs
Pluteus larva is
formed
Phylum Echinodermata
Sand Dollars
z
Irregular: nonspherical variously
depressed
–
23
Anus is shifted to the
oral surface posterior
to the mouth creating
bilateral symmetry
Phylum Echinodermata
Class Holothuroidea
z
24
Defining characteristics
– Worm shaped body, greatly elongated along the
aboral and oral axis
– The calcareous ossicles are reduced in size and
embedded individually in the body wall
– Highly branched muscular respiratory structures
Phylum Echinodermata
Holothuroidea Feeding
z
z
25
Possess retractile
feeding tentacle that
surrounds the mouth
While suspension or
deposit feeding each
tentacle is cleaned in the
mouth
Phylum Echinodermata
Holothuroidea Structure
26
Phylum Echinodermata
Ossicles
z
Although somewhat
soft they do have an
internal skeleton
–
–
27
The skeletal elements
(ossicles) are microscopic
with complex shapes
May compose up to 80%
of the dry body weight
Phylum Echinodermata
Respiration
z
28
Respiratory trees
Phylum Echinodermata
Defense
z
z
Many spp. have powerful toxins in the body
wall
Cuverian tubules
–
z
Also eviscerates to avoid predation
–
29
Sticky and toxic tentacles which are shot out the
anus
Internal organs regenerate after a period of time
Phylum Echinodermata