APPENDIX
Prefixes, Suffixes, and Roots
hapter 7 highlights the importance of learning how to figure out words by using their
parts. The following is a convenient list that you can teach in creative ways to students
so they can quickly figure out many words without having to consult a dictionary. One
good way to teach them in general. of course, is for you to highlight word-part words that arise
in context during the school year.
C
Meaning
Sample Words
a-, an-. ab-
not, without
ambi-
both
before
against
good, well
both, double
around
together, with
abnormal, amoral, apathy, atypical
ambidextrous, ambiguous
Word Part
PREF1XES
anteantibene-, bonbicircum-, circCO-,
col-. con-,
corncontra-, contro-,
counterde-
against
antecedent, antechamber,
anticlimax, antidote
anteroom
benediction, benefactor, benefit, bonanza
bicycle, bifocals, bilateral, biweekly
circumference, circumnavigate, circumspect
codependent, coexist, collect, collide, committee,
congregation, conspire, convention, correlation,
correspond
contradict, contraindication, controversy, counterpart
from, down,
away,
deceive, decline, deduct, defame, depart
off, undo
depress, derail, derive
through,
between
apart, not,
reverse,
diagonal, dialogue, diameter, diatribe
badly
distinct, distort, dysentery, dystrophy
ex-
out, from,
former
exception, exclude, exhale, expose, extract
extra-
beyond
extracurricular, extraneous,
extraterrestria I
fore-
before, in front
forecast, foregone, foreleg, foreshadow
diadis-, dys-
disincentive, disinterested,
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dismiss, dissatisfied
extraordinary,
Word Part
Meaning
Sample Words
homo-
man, one
homogenous,
hyper-
over, above
hyperactive, hyperextension,
hyperthermia
hypo-
under
hypodermic,
in-, im-, il-, ir-
t-in, into,
illustrate, implicit, imply, import, income, inhabit,
innate, involve, irrigate
within
homophone
hypothermia,
hypersensitive,
hypothesis
2-not
illegitimate, improbable, inactive, inane, incompatible,
inept, irregular
inter-
between
interchange,
intra-, intro-
within, into
intramural, intravenous,
macro-
large, excessive
macrocosm,
macroeconomics
mal-
poor, badly
maladjusted,
malady, malicious, malnourished
meta-
beyond,
outside,
metabolism,
metacognition,
change
metaphor
rnis-
wrongly,
incorrect
misfire, misfit, misguide, misinterpret, misquote,
mistreat, mistrust, misunderstand, misuse
mono-
one
monochrome,
neo-
new
neoclassic, neophyte
non-
not
nonexistent,
paleo-
ancient
paleography, paleontology
para-
beside, almost
parachute, para medic, paraphrase, parasite
peri-
around
pericardium,
poly-
many
polygamy, polyglot, polygon
post-
after
posterity, posthumous,
pre-
before in time,
precede, predict, prefer, prefix, preheat,
place, or order
preliminary, premature,
pro-
forward, for
procure, produce, prohibit, promote
quad-
four
quadrangle, quadrant, quadruplets
re-
back, again
reclaim, regain, reproduce, rescind, revise
retro-
backward
retroactive, retrospect
sub-
under
subdermal, subjugate, submerge, substandard,
subterranean
syl-, sym-, syn-,
sys-
with, together
syllogism, symbiosis, symbol, symphony,
synchronization, system
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interrupt, intervene
introduce, introspection
metamorphosis
monopoly, monotone
nonsense, nonviolent
perimeter, peripheral, periscope
postpone, postwar
premise, pre-Revolution
Word Part
Meaning
Sample Words
trans-
across, through,
transatlantic,
beyond
transmigration,
ultra-
beyond,
excessive
ultraconservative,
un-
not, reverse
uni-
one
undo, unfair, unkind, unpretentious
uniform, unify, unilateral, united
transfusion,
transit,
transmit
ultramodern,
ultraviolet
SUFFIXES
-age
act of, collection
of
(v, n)
espionage, forage, passage, portage, salvage
-ance, -ancy
action, state,
process
(n)
allowance, persistence,
-ar, -er. -or
one who, that
which
(n)
amplifier, collector, preacher, teacher, walker
-as is, -osis
hypnosis, osmosis, psychosis, stasis
-ate
process,
condition (n)
make, cause (v)
-cide
kill (n)
-do m
quality, office
(n)
boredom, freedom, kingdom, wisdom
-ee
one who
receives
action (n)
employee, interviewee,
-en
make (v), made
of
(adj)
darken, frozen, golden, wooden
-ese
language of,
native
person of (n),
of a
Balinese, Brooklynese, Chinese, Japanese
-fy
-ice
particular group
(adj)
make (v)
condition,
quality (n)
resistance
congregate, cooperate, correlate, desegregate,
meditate
genocide, homicide, pesticide, suicide
nominee, trainee
Maltese
amplify, calcify, certify, clarify, classify, simplify
artifice,justice, malice
211
Word Part
Meaning
Sample Words
-ion. -sion, -tion
state of, act of,
results
of (n)
infection, inspection, opinion, reflection, rejection,
suspension
-rsrn
system,
condition (n)
activism, idealism, hedonism, plagiarism, racism
-ist
a person who,
that
which (n)
activist, artist, cyclist, racist
-ity. ty
quality, state of
(n)
activity, creativity, frailty, sensitivity
-ive
having, making,
aggressive, conclusive, creative, exclusive
causing (adj)
-ize
make, carry out
(v)
criticize, hypothesize,
-less
without (adj)
careless, brainless, fruitless, heartless, useless
-Iy
manner of (adv)
-rnent
process, result
of, act
of (n)
boldly, callously, carefully, haphazardly, mindlessly,
surreptitiously
amendment, endowment, experiment, government,
sediment
-ness
state of,
condition
of (n)
darkness, duress, emptiness,
-ology, alogy
study of, theory
(n)
astrology, biology, genealogy, ideology, neurology
-ous
having (adj)
-tude
condition of (n)
inclined to have
(adj)
malicious, pernicious, perspicacious, spacious,
superfluous, unconscious
altitude, amplitude, attitude, fortitude, vicissitude
-y
ROOTS
am, amor
anthro
arch
auc,aug
aud
aut, auto
love, like
humankind
realize, summarize, theorize
helplessness, robustness
greedy, itchy, needy, seedy, shady
amiable, amorous, enamored
anthropologist, anthropomorphic,
philanthropy
first, top, head
archaic, archangel. archetypical,
patriarchal
increase
listen, hear
auction, augment
audience, audio, auditory, inaudible
autocracy, automation, autonomous,
self
212
monarch, matriarch.
autopilot
Word Part
Meaning
Sample Words
belli
war, violent
life
bellicose, belligerent, rebellious
bio
card, cord, cour
heart, center
autobiography, biome, bionic, biopsy, biosphere
accord, cardiopulmonary, cordial, courage, discord
carnivore, incarnation
carn
cede, ced, ceed
flesh
surrender, yield,
move
cede, concede, intercede, precede, proceed
recede, succeed
chron
time
chronicle, chronological.
civ
claus, clud, clus
citizen
close, shut
civic, civil. civilian, civilization, civilize, civvies
claustrophobia, conclude, exclude, preclude, recluse
cogn, gnos
know
corp
cosm
cour, cur, curs
body
world, universe
cognition, cognizant, diagnose, Gnostics, prognosis
corporation, corporeal, corps
cosmic, cosmos, microcosm
cred
crease, cresc, cru
believe
grow, rise
dem
people
derm
dic, dict
skin
speak, say
duc, duct
dur, dura
lead, guide
end,endo
erg
fac, fic, fect
fer
fid, feder
fin
flu, fluc, fluv
run
lasting, hard
within
work
make, do
carry, bear
trust
end
flow
forc, fort
fract, frag
gen
strong
break
produce, birth,
race
geo
germ
earth
essential, cause
grad, gress
go, step
gram, graph
re
synchronize
concur, concurrent, courier, cursive, incur, occur
accredited, credentials, credit, creed, incredulous
accrue, crescendo, decrease
democracy, demographics, epidemic
dermal, dermatologist, epidermis, taxidermy
benediction, dedicate, dictate, dictator, edict, indicate,
verdict
conduct, deduce, produce, viaduct
durable, duration, endure
endogenous,
endoskeletal
erg, ergometer, ergophobia
faculty, fiction, infection, manufacture
ferry, fertile, infer, refer
confident, federal, fidelity, infidel
confine, define, finale, finite, infinity
fluctuate, flue, fluent. flush, fluvial
forceful. forte, fortify, fortitude
fractal, fraction, fragile, fragment, refract
congenital, gender, genealogy, generate, genetic, genus,
indigenous
geographic, geometry, geothermal
germ, germane, germinate
aggressive, congress, degrade, digress, gradation,
gradual. graduate
biography, geography, orthography,
sonogram, telegram
213
photography,
Word Part
Meaning
Sample Words
grat
congratulation, grateful. gratitude, gratuity, ingrate
aggregate, congregate, gregarious, segregate
hab, habit
pleasing
crowd, gather,
group
live, have
hetero
different
heterogeneous,
hydr
jud
liber, liver
lee, loco
water
lawyer, judge
loosen, free
place, near
dehydration,
locut.Ioqu
log.Iogy
speak
word, study
magn
great
man
hand
emancipation, manage, manicure, manifest,
manipulate, manual
medi
half
median, mediate, medieval, mediocrity, medium
mem
remember
wander
death, mortal
commemorate,
shape, form
new
all
amorphous, metamorphosis
innovative, nova, novel. novice, renovate
greg
migra
mori, mors, mort
morph
nov
omru
cohabitate,
habitat, habitual, inhabit, rehabilitate
heterosexual
hydrogen, hydraulic, rehydrate
judge, judiciary, prejudice
deliberate, deliver, liberal. liberation
allocate, collocate, local. locality, locomotive, relocate
circumlocution,
loquacious, soliloquy
analogy, apology, dialogue, illogical, prologue, theolo
magnanimous, magnification, magnificent, magnitude
CJ
memoir, memorial
immigrant, migration, migratory
immortal, moribund, mortify, mortuary
omnipotent, omnipresent, omniscient
orthodontist, orthodox, orthogonal, orthopedic
path
straight, correct
feeling, suffer
pend,pens
weigh, hang
compendium,
suspend
impending, pending, pendulum, pensi e
phon
photo
sound
light
cacophonous,
photoelectric,
euphonious, phonograph, symphony
photogenic, photosynthesis, photon
pon,pos
put, place
deposit, disposition, exponent, oppose, postpone,
postulate, posture, proponent, propose
port
prim, proto
recti. reg
carry
first
straighten
break
import, portable, report, support, transport
primal, primary, protagonist, prototype, protozoan
direct, incorrect, rectangular, regiment, regulate
corruptible, erupt, interrupt, rupture
write
follow
describe, manuscript,
ortho
rupt
scrib, script
secu, sequ
sens, sent
solu, solv
feel
loosen
antipathy, empathy, pathetic, sympathy, telepath
prescription,
scribble, scribe
consecutive, consequence, non sequitur, subsequent.
sequential
dissension, sensation, sensory, sentimental
absolve, resolute, resolve, solvent
214
rd Part
~,:
spic
e
--
po
ers. vert
:::- vinc
~. VIS
T,
vour
Meaning
Sample Words
look
aspect, conspicuous, despicable, expect. inspect,
introspective, perspective, perspicacious, respect,
retrospect, specimen, spectacle
breath
aspire, inspire, perspire, respire, spirit
make tight
constrict, restrict, strict, stricture
far
time
teleconference, telepathy, telephone, telescope
contemporary, extemporaneous, temporal
earth
extraterrestrial.
poison
bestow, pay
antitoxin, intoxicated, toxic
empty
worth, strength
turn
conquer
see
call
eat
animal
terrain, territory
attribute, contribute, retribution, tributary
evacuate, vacant, vacation, vacuole, vacuous, vacuum
evaluation, valiant, valid, valor
advertise, avert, divert, invert, revert
convince, evict, invincible, victor, victory
invisible, supervision, video, vista
advocate, invoke, provoke, vocabulary
carnivore, devour, herbivore, omnivorous, voracious
protozoan, zodiac, zoology, zooplankton
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