LESSON 31 CHAPTER 6 PREFIX: intra-1 wax and wane-2 2. Real World Word: Interesting pairs diffident-3 __________ 1. Prefix: A word part that is attached in front of a root word, such as “dis-” in disbelieve, to produce a specific meaning; Root: Part of a word that is the basis for broad meaning to which either a prefix or suffix, or both, is added (affixed); Suffix: A word part attached to the end of a root word 3. Wicked Word of the Week: One essential to growth in language and literacy -4 4. Science or Social Studies word supplied by teacher LESSON 32 -1 PREFIX: extra 34 33 ROOT: cede -1 flora and fauna-2 pro and con-2 imminent-3 camera-3 __________ LESSON LESSON -4 ROOT: -mort __________ -1 LESSON 35 -4 dent- flotsam and jetsam-2 root-&-branch week fiasco-3 __________ 92 -4 Word Web Vocabulary, Volume 1, Teacher’s Edition YOUR NOTES Lesson 31 intravenous intracranial intramural My own word intra- intranet intracoastal My own word What’s In A intrastate Product Name? beginner beginner intermediate intermediate intermediate advanced advanced challenge all levels 122 “Words are the tools for the job of saying what you want to say.” The Word-a-Day Vocabulary Builder. Bergen Evans 93 The Intracoastal Atlantic Waterway is a great natural treasure — a ribbon of protected water that meanders along the United States’ southeastern coast from Norfolk to Key West and on around the Gulf Coast to Texas. Far earlier than road or railway, telegraph or telephone, coastal settlements were linked by water. George Washington began construction of the Intracoastal’s northern terminus in the 18th century. During World War II, the importance of the Waterway assumed a new urgency. When the U. S. entered the war, German Uboats prowled within sight of shore and began night attacks. After 23 vessels were sunk, the U. S. Navy began searching for a safer way to transport supplies. Almost overnight, sleepy villages along the Intra-coastal — Jacksonville, Beaufort, Charleston — bustled with the activity of the “bucket brigade.” intra-: Latin prefix meaning "within, inside, on the inside" intracoastal (on the inside + coast) (adj): The Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway which begins at Mile 0 in Norfolk Atlantic and continues south into Florida is an interconnected thread of rivers, lakes, lagoons and canals stretching inside the southern and southeastern coast of the United States. The Intracoastal Waterway is operated by the United States Army Corps of Engineers. 1-4 Place your periodical pearls here On which coast is this waterway located? In which state does it originate? Through what other states does it pass? Name three towns that are situated along it. intracranial (adj): Inside the skull. While browsing on the Internet, I had a severe intracranial pain. intramural (inside + wall) (adj): Existing or carried on within the boundaries of an institution, especially a school. The seventh graders challenged the eighth graders to an intramural soccer game. What intramural sports are played 5 at your school? intranet (adj): For communication within a corporation, from office to office either within the same building or anywhere in the world intrastate (adj): A highway that begins and ends within the same state. We took Intrastate 89 across Maryland. intravenous (adj): In or within a vein; into a vein, especially by injection. The hard hat accepted the intravenous shot with tranquillity. He was given the medication intravenously. What’s In A Intraject is the world's first prefilled, disposable, low cost, needlefree injector for the delivery of liquid medicines. Product Name? Vessels small enough to navigate in shallow waters were used to transport war materials up and down the Waterway in stages, thereby avoiding the threat of attack in open seas. 123 An atlas with each of the U.S. states shown individually will be most helpful to students seeking information on the Intracoastal Waterway (Think Links # 1- 4). Initiate a discussion on the advantages of the new Intraject system of administering drugs (no pain, certainty of delivering correct amount of medicine, sanitary). Ask, “Which would more likely be affected by a malfunctioning satellite: Internet or intranet?” (Internet) 94 Word Web Vocabulary, Volume 1, Teacher’s Edition When the moon waxes and wanes — that is, grows or shrinks as a convex shape — it is called a waxing or waning gibbous (convex) moon. wax and wane: To grow larger and smaller The moon waxes and wanes. The pain from her sprained ankle waxed and waned. The noise from the party waxed and waned. The boy’s interest in baseball waxed and waned. One reason for presenting “diffident” is because it looks like “different.” WICKED WORD OF THE WEEK diffident (adj): Some children are extremely diffident. Remind students to use their vocabulary words when fulfilling any writing assignment. YOUR NOTES: The girl's diffidence abated as she described the monolith in her yard to her classmates. Timid, shy Describe a situation in which you were diffident. 6 MY SCIENCE OR SOCIAL STUDY WORD AND ITS DEFINITION: MY SENTENCES: 124 “Whether individual differences in ability are innate or are due to environmental differences, we must deal with them imaginatively and constructively.” John W. Gardner 95 YOUR NOTES Lesson 32 extrasensory extraordinary extracurricular extravaganza extramural My own word extra- extravagant extrovert My own word extragalectic extramarital extraneous extraterrestrial beginner beginner intermediate intermediate intermediate advanced advanced challenge all levels “The eye sees only what the mind is prepared to comprehend.” Robertson Davies 96 Word Web Vocabulary, Volume 1, Teacher’s Edition 126 Be wary of words such as extract and extradite that are not “extra-” words but are actually words with the “ex-” prefix, and discuss this with your students. If any of them presents one of these words or asks about others, direct students to further their understanding of etymology by having them look in a dictionary to resolve whether their word has an “ex-” or an “extra-” prefix. extra-, extro-: Latin prefix meaning "outside, beyond" extracurricular (adj): Being outside the regular curriculum (course of study) of a school or college. Band practice and intermural sports are extracurricular activities. What extracurricular activites do you enjoy? 7 extragalectic (outside + galaxy) (adj): Located or originating beyond the Milky Way extramarital (outside + marriage) (adj): Being in violation of marriage vows; having a personal relationship with another person outside of marriage extramural (outside + wall): Occurring or situated outside of the walls or boundaries. Her music lessons didn’t take place at school; they were an extramural activity. extravaganza (Italian) (n): An elaborate, spectacular, beyond the ordinary, entertainment or display. We attended the Fourth of July extravaganza. Stores often advertise holiday shopping extravaganzas. extrovert ( outside + turn) (n): An individual interested in others as opposed to the exclusion of self. Showoffs and comedians are extroverts. antonym: introvert. Note the spelling of this prefix, with an “o” instead of an “a.” Place your periodical pearls here extraneous (adj): Not constituting a vital element or part; unrelated to the topic or matter at hand; irrelevant; foreign. The teacher removed the extraneous papers from her file. Are you able to apply current vocabulary words to literature that the students are reading or have read previously? extraordinary (adj): Beyond what is ordinary or usual; highly exceptional; remarkable; rare. The Baltimore Oriole’s extraordinary asset was his pitching ability. The peddler was extraordinarily interested in classic cars. “... youth is the time for any extraordinary toil.” The Republic. Plato Do you agree or disagree with Plato’s statement. Why or why not? 8 extrasensory: Being outside the normal range of the senses; supernatural. ESP, an acronym for ExtraSensory Perception, is communication or perception by means other than the physical senses. Fortune tellers claim to have ESP. YOUR NOTES extraterrestrial (see Lesson 11) extravagant (outside + wander) (adj): Going beyond ordinary bounds; excessive. He gave the ghost writer extravagant praise. “Whether in sea or fire, in earth or air, The extravagant and errant spirit hies -1 To his confine-2.” Hamlet. William Shakespeare. Although his father was thrifty, his son was known for his extravagance. The family spent extravagantly at Disneyland. -1 goes in haste -2 prison 127 “Students should learn to probe and shed light.” Elinor Miller 97 Within the definition of flora and fauna is a chance to make sure students understand “former and latter.” Avifauna refers to bird life. The avifauna of New Zealand is extremely interesting. Be sure that students know that imminently is an adverb. flora and fauna: The plant and animal life of an area, the latter taken from Fauna, Roman goddess connected with the fauns, mythical half-men, half-goat creatures; a synonym for biota (see Lesson 21) Among the fauna of the nearby marsh, we found spotted salamanders, bullfrogs and Red-winged Blackbirds, while the flora included cattails, Marsh Marigolds and willows. The monarch butterfly and the malachite kingfisher were the most colorful fauna in the park. Describe the flora and fauna of your backyard. 9 WICKED WORD OF THE WEEK imminent (adj): About to happen; impending The imminent storm shattered the day's serenity. The president’s appearance at the extravaganza was imminent. Are you able to apply current vocabulary words to literary or historical figures with which your students are familiar? The way to remember which is which is to connect “flora” with “flowers” and “fauna” with “fawn,” a young deer. The thrifty woman looked forward to browsing through the items at the imminent sale. We expected the cake for the party to arrive imminently. MY SCIENCE OR SOCIAL STUDY WORD AND ITS DEFINITION: MY SENTENCES: YOUR NOTES 128 “The great end of education is to discipline rather than to furnish the mind; to train it to the use of its own powers, rather than fill it with the accumulation of others.” Tryon Edwards 98 Word Web Vocabulary, Volume 1, Teacher’s Edition Note that precedent and unprecedented are defined for advanced students inside the definition of precede. The former is on the web; the latter is not. Lesson 33 precede recede antecedent YOUR NOTES My own word cede precedent intercede My own word accede exceed concede beginner beginner intermediate intermediate intermediate advanced advanced challenge all levels 130 “Language is the blood of the soul into which thoughts run and out of which they grow.” Oliver Wendell Holmes 99 The appearance of antecedent allows you to refresh students’ memories for the rules governing the agreement of pronouns and their antecedents. Try them with these examples: “Every animal has their own way of hunting.” This is incorrect because animal, the antecedent, is singular; their, the pronoun, is plural. “Everyone who gave their opinion,” said John, “was wrong.” (Everyone is singular; their is plural.) “The garden club held their annual meeting.” (Garden club is singular; their is plural.) “No parent in their right mind would allow a child to hitchhike across the country.” (Same as above.) “If a person wants to do their banking after hours, they can.” (Same as above.) cede: Latin root word meaning "come, go, move, yield" accede (to + yield) (v): To express approval or give assent; to give one's consent, often at the insistence of another. He acceded to the wishes of the President. Place your periodical pearls here antecedent (before + go) (n): Going before in time; preceding. Grammar: The word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers. What is incorrect in the following sentence and why? “When a customer leaves my shop, they feel fine.” How can you fix it? 10 concede (with + yield) (v): To admit, often reluctantly, as being true, just, or proper; yield. I concede that I often get flora and fauna mixed up. exceed (out + go) (v): To be greater than; surpass; to go beyond the limits of. The Pittsburgh Steeler exceeded e v e r y o n e ’s expectations. The SUNOCO the speed limit. Watch the spelling on dealer exceeded this one! intercede (between + go) (v): To plead on another's behalf; to act as mediator in a dispute. See Lesson 29. The Security Council of the United Nations often intercedes in international disputes. Give at least one other example of a person or group interceding on behalf 11 of another party. precede (before + go) (n): To come, exist, or occur before in time; surpass or outrank; go in advance of. Elvis Presley’s death preceded my birth. Majors in the army precede lieutenants in rank. I will precede you into the diningroom. precedent (n): A closely similar case in existence or in the past. The Supreme Court ruling was without precedent in legal history. unprecedented (adj): Having no previous example. The cascade’s great flow was unprecedented. recede (back + go) (v): To move back or away from a limit, point, or mark. The tidal waters were receding. Grandpa’s hairline is receding. “One day your child (singular) turns sixteen and you allow them (plural) to borrow the car.” “Nobody (singular) has received their (plural) report yet.” “If the person (singular) didn’t show up, we went out and got them (plural).” “The purpose of learning is growth, and our minds, unlike our bodies, can continue growing as we continue to live.” Mortimer Adler 100 Word Web Vocabulary, Volume 1, Teacher’s Edition 131 Take another look with students at uni-cameral and bicameral which appeared in Lessons 3 and 4 respectively. pro and con: The new mother weighed the pros and cons of returning to full-time work. For and against There are arguments pro and con regarding the rights of 18-year-olds to drink alcohol. Give one reason pro and one reason con regarding this issue. The biologist and the geologist discussed the pros and cons of their jobs. Remember, use certain Think Links as research-andwrite assignments. 12-13 WICKED WORD OF THE WEEK camera (n): Latin for a chamber The apparatus for taking photographs is a closed box or similar chamber through which light passes by means of a lens to record an image on light-sensitive paper. In camera: ( L) in private, privately, secretly Law: A judge’s chamber. “I’ll see you in camera,” said Judge Judy. See bicameral in Lesson 4. Are you requiring students to use similes, metaphors and personification, once they are familiar with these figures of speech, when writing their sentences? MY SCIENCE OR SOCIAL STUDY WORD AND ITS DEFINITION: MY SENTENCES: 132 “Education is being caught up into the expanding universe of thought.” Edith Hamilton 101 Are your students correcting spelling and mechanical errors in their sentences? Lesson 34 mortician mortal immortal YOUR NOTES My own word mort mortality mortuary My own word mortify postmortem mortgage beginner beginner intermediate intermediate intermediate advanced advanced challenge all levels 134 “Great literature is simply language charged with meaning to the utmost possible degree.” Ezra Pound 102 Word Web Vocabulary, Volume 1, Teacher’s Edition Even though mortal and fatal are often synonymous, we make fatal, not mortal, mistakes. Here are some people who either assumed themselves, or were ascribed by others, as immortal: Yung-Chen, The Immortal, 3rd Manchu Emperor of China (1723-1733); John Bunyan (1628-1688), The Immortal Tinker, a tinker by trade; The forty members of the French Academy are nicknamed The Forty Immortals. mort-: Latin root meaning "death, dead" immortal (not + death) (adj): Not subject to death; never to be forgotten; everlasting. His good deeds will make him immortal. Shakespeare is immortal. immortality (n): lasting fame. Leaders such as Ghandi and Martin Luther King are destined for immortality. How do we immortalize some sports figures? 14 mortal (adj): (1) Subject to death, destined to die. All flora and fauna are mortal. (2) Causing death, fatal. The entomologist received a mortal sting from the scorpion. (3) Desperately hostile. The two girls said they were mortal enemies. (4) According to Homer, in the Trojan War, Paris wounded Achilles in a mortal place, a vital spot, his heel. (5)(n): A human being. We are all mortals. “I presume you’re mortal and may err.” The Lady of Pleasure. James Shirley. “Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there, wondering, fearing, Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before.” The Raven. Edgar Allan Poe. “That man who lives for self alone Lives for the meanest mortal known.” Walker in Nicaragua. Joaquin Miller. postmortem (after + death)(n): Relating to a medical examination of a dead body. Informal: An analysis or review of a completed event. Everyone entered into the postmortem of the recent Super Bowl game. mortuary (n): A place, especially a funeral home, where dead bodies are kept before burial or cremation mortgage mortgage (dead + pledge)(n): A temporary pledge of property to a creditor as security for an obligation or repayment of a debt. A mortgage is a dead pledge because the mortgage becomes dead or lost to the person who takes out the loan if he fails to live up to the condition(s) of the loan. Many people have a mortgage on their house from a bank. My uncle’s business is heavily mortgaged. Place your periodical pearls here “Lord, what fools these mortals be!” MidsummerNight’s Dream. William Shakespeare. Remind your students to write complete sentences when answering Think Links. mortally (adv): He was mortally wounded by a New York Knicks player. mortality (n): (1) The quality or condition of being mortal. Most of us do not think very often about our own mortality. (2) Death, especially of large numbers. Mortalities were great during World War II’s Battle of the Bulge. (3) Death rate. Lately, the urban mortality rate from criminal activity has been dropping. mortician (death + physician) (n): One whose business is to arrange for the burial or cremation of the dead and assist at the funeral rites and who is usually an embalmer YOUR NOTES mortify (death + make) (v): To cause to experience shame (wishing to die), humiliation, or wounded pride; humiliate. I was mortified when I committed a faux pas at the party. 135 “Education is unsettling the minds of the young to inflame their intellects.” R. M. Hutchins 103 Stress that a person is not a fiasco; only a plan or undertaking is. flotsam and jetsam: Goods lost in a shipwreck found floating on the sea or washed up on the shore. Jetsam is anything thrown overboard from a ship, sometimes to lighten a ship in distress. The thrifty beachcomber collected the semiprecious flotsam of wood planks and coconuts. We looked through the flotsam and jetsam as we walked along the beach. What Periodical Pearls have appeared in your classroom this week? YOUR NOTES There must have been a lot of flotsam and jetsam after the sinking of the Titanic! 15 Pretend that you are walking on a beach. What sort of flotsam and jetsam might you find? WICKED WORD OF THE WEEK fiasco (n): Something that fails completely; a failure Our science experiment was a fiasco. The dot.com venture was a fiasco. 16 Describe any fiasco in which you have been involved. MY SCIENCE OR SOCIAL STUDY WORD AND ITS DEFINITION: MY SENTENCES: 136 “If language is not correct, then what is said is not what is meant; if what is said is not what is meant, then what must be done remains undone; if this remains undone, morals and art will deteriorate; if justice goes astray, the people will stand about in helpless confusion. Hence there must be no arbitrariness in what is said. This matters above everything.” Confucius 104 Word Web Vocabulary, Volume 1, Teacher’s Edition As you can see, each word for this lesson encompasses every learning level, since most of these words are not actually new to the students. What is new is the context of the web that connects them. ROOT-AND-BRANCH WORD : dentRoot and Branch: An expression used by the Lesson 35 Root & Branch Puritans meaning the whole of it without any Week exceptions or omissions dentist orthodontist mastodon dental There are many opportunities for students to apply all facets of this Root-andBranch Word to the real world. They can bring dentate leaves (including dandelions) to class and locate buildings which have dentils on them. They can find an assortment of products that utilize the “dent” root. They can gather more information about mastodons, edentates, rodents and odonata in reference books or on the Internet and can either make a copy or download interesting graphics. For “dont” words relating to dinosaurs, students may wish to check out www. dinosauria. com/gallery. Perhaps you can arrange to have a dentist or a zoologist visit your classroom to give more insight into various aspects of human and other animal teeth. denture odonata al dente trident indent dent- indenture peridontal dentils edentate dentifrice dentate leaf dentiloquist What’s In A rodent dandelion Product Name? beginner beginner intermediate intermediate intermediate advanced advanced challenge all levels 138 Indenture’s connection is surely the most difficult to connect to the others. Older students, however, who have already studied American history and encountered the practice of indentured servants will perhaps be able to relate it to the context that created it. Stimudent® (stimulate + dent) is a product of wooden sticks that people use to massage their gum line. “The secret of education lies in respecting the pupil.” Ralph Waldo Emerson 105 How many Periodical Pearls did you brought to class this week? dent-, dont-: Latin root words meaning “tooth” al dente (Italian, to the tooth): so that it is still firm, not soft Pasta that is cooked edentate [e (without) + dent (teeth) + ate (having)]: One of a group of mammals, some without teeth, including sloths, armadillos and anteaters dental: Of, relating to, or for the teeth. I don't want to have any dental problems. YOUR NOTES dentate leaf: Having a toothed margin (edge). Bring a dentate leaf to class. 17 dentifrice: A substance, such as a paste or powder, for cleaning the teeth. What dental products can you find that use “dent” in their names? 18 dentils:: A line or series of small rectangular blocks, like teeth, used for decoration on the inside and outside of buildings and on some pieces of furniture. Bring to class the name or address of a build19 ing in your town that has dentils. Armadillo, an edentate indent: Printing: To set the first line of a paragraph in from the margin. This example of several indented paragraphs shows the teeth-like look of the indentations. The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy sleeping dog. The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy sleeping dog. The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy sleeping dog. indenture: An agreement in writing [usually in duplicate or triplicate, the parts being notched or cut (indented) so as to correspond to each other], specifically a contract by which an apprentice is bound to a master. He came to the New World as an indentured servant. Dentils trim cornices of a Federal style house and decorate a fireplace dentine: The main part of a tooth, beneath the enamel and surrounding the pulp chamber and root canals dentist: A person who is trained and licensed to practice the treatment of teeth denture: A partial or complete set of artificial teeth for either the upper or lower jaw; also called dental plate. denturist: A person who makes dentures mastodon [mastos (nipple) + odon ( tooth)]: Any of several very large, extinct mammals resembling the elephant but having molar teeth of a different structure; anything of extremely large size. The Egyptian pyramids are mastodons mastodon of masonry. skeleton mastodon teeth odonata: Order of insects including dragonflies which actually have tiny teeth forming a well-armed jaw, both in the nymph and adult stages. Read about their diet and eating habits in order to learn why. 20 orthodontist: A dentist who specializes in preventing and correcting irregularities of the teeth, as by the use of braces. Watch the spelling on this! 139 106 Word Web Vocabulary, Volume 1, Teacher’s Edition Tally the number of Super Sentences your students wrote in this chapter. periodontal (all around + tooth): Surrounding or encasing a tooth, as the gums. periodontist: A dentist who specializes in gum diseases. Watch the spelling on this one, too! trident (three + teeth): A long, three-pronged fork or weapon, especially a three-pronged spear used for fishing. Greek & Roman Mythology: The three-pronged spear carried by Poseidon / Neptune Tally the average number of Think Links your students answered in this chapter. Tally the number of Periodical Pearls your students brought to class these last five weeks. Add these numbers to the tally sheet on page 112116. Poseidon / Neptune with trident Trident design in rug What’s In A dandelion dentiloquist YOUR NOTES 21 Product Name? If “loquist” means to speak, what do you think a dentiloquist does? From French dent de lion, tooth of the lion, because of the outline of the dentate leaf rodent Any of various mammals of the order Rodentia, such as a mouse, rat, squirrel or beaver, characterized by large incisors (teeth located at the front of the mouth) adapted for gnawing or nibbling 140 Here’s a product for dogs that uses the “dent” prefix 107 REVIEW FOR LESSONS 1-35 (use only words studied in vocabulary lessons) 1. Which does not belong? Why? (a) incident (b) rodent (c) accident Lesson 36 (d) evident 2. Odontology must mean: _____________________________________ 3. The light from the flashlight grew larger, then smaller; it _______________ and ________________. 4. When the boys from the two fourth grades at Jefferson Elementary played each other in soccer, they held an ______________ game, but when the winner went on to play the winning fourth grade from Kennedy Elementary, it was an ____________________ game. 5. A state legislature that has only one legislative house is said to have a _________________ government. 6. An extraparental duty means: ___________________________________________________________. 7. Name three forms of flora: _________________ , _____________________ , _____________________ 8. Give a synonym for diffidence _____________________________ How many Think Links did you answer in this chapter? ______ How many Super Sentences did you write in this chapter? _____ How many Periodical Pearls did you bring to class in the last 6 weeks? _____ Place your periodical pearls here ANSWERS TO REVIEW 1. rodent because it is the only word that is based on the root “dent.” 2. the study of teeth 3. waxed and waned 4. intramural; intermural 5. unicameral 6. some duty that would not ordinarily be expected of a parent, such as chaperoning an all-night party, driving a child a very long distance so the child could visit a friend; other similar activities 7. Any plant, tree or flower 8. shyness How did you do? 7 - 8 correct! Hey! I’ve talked the talk; now I can walk the walk! 108 5 - 6 correct! Could have done a little better. Next year I know I will! Fewer than 5 correct! Next year I’ll be with it 24/7! ANSWERS TO THINK LINKS 1. East coast 2. Virginia 3. North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida 4. Portsmouth, VA; many towns along the Outer Banks in NC as it traverses Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds; Beaufort, NC; Wrightsville Beach, NC; Georgetown, SC; Charleston, SC; Savannah, GA; Brunswick, GA: Jacksonville Beach, FL; St. Augustine, FL; Daytona Beach, FL; Ft. Pierce, FL; Palm Beach, FL; Miami, FL 14. By placing statues of them at ball parks, by inducting them into a sport’s hall of fame, and by showing old films of their playing days 15. Examples: cans, bottles, toys, orange peels, life preservers, whole or broken wooden chairs and other furniture 16. Answers will vary. 17. Paste your dentate leaf here. 5. Answers will vary but might include basketball, baseball, soccer, track, tennis. 6. Answers will vary. 7. Answers will vary. 8. Answers will vary. 9. Answers will vary. 10. “Customer” is the noun antecedent of the pronoun “their.” Customer is singular; their is plural. This sentence can be corrected in either of two ways. (1) When customers (plural) leave my shop, they feel fine. (2) When a customer leaves my shop, he (or she) feels fine. 18. Examples: Pepsodent, Mentadent, Fixodent, Viadent, Polident, Efferdent, dental floss 19. Write the location of the building with dentils here: 11. Examples: The International Red Cross interceded on behalf of prisoners during World War II. Mothers often intercede with the father or a teacher on behalf of a child. 20. Odonata eat tadpoles, small fish, insects and even each other. 12. Answers will vary. 21. Someone who speaks through clenched teeth 13. Answers will vary. 109