•archetype 4241730
Archetype:
4241730
Archetype Description: 1976-1983, semi / end terraced bungalow, cavity walls, off peak electric storage heating, E
This archetype represents 1362 dwellings, which accounts for approximately 0.34% of the target dwelling stock
property type:
age:
number of storeys:
extensions:
rooms in the roof:
semi detached bungalow
built c.1983
1
none
none
number of habitable rooms:
number of heated habitable rooms:
4
2
total floor area:
85m2 internal
heat loss floor area:
85m2
floor construction:
suspended timber, as built
U-value:
0.4
gross heat loss wall area:
39m2
wall construction:
cavity wall, as built
U-value:
1.0
2
roof construction:
pitched, 100mm insulation
U-value:
0.4
glazing type:
100% upvc double glazing, pre2003
U-value:
2.8
heat loss roof area:
85m
glazed area:
16.91m2
main heating:
main heating controls:
slimline storage heaters
manual charge control
secondary heating:
room heater
hot water provision:
hot water cylinder:
dual immersion
yes
chimneys:
flues:
extract fans:
draught lobby:
draughtproofing:
0
0
1
no
100% windows
EPC Band
EPC Score
E
54
main heating fuel: off peak electricity
secondary heating fuel: electricity
cylinder size: 144 litres
main heating SAP efficiency:
secondary heating efficiency:
100%
cylinder insulation:
25mm spray foam and 50mm jacket
electricty meter:
gas meter:
dual
none
percentage of low energy lighting:
0%
0% doors
Environmental Impact Band:
Environmental Impact Score:
F
35
These characteristics were modelled in SAP 2012 to create the base case dwelling for this archetype. A number of single improvements were modelled against
the base case dwelling to assess their impact on the EPC band, the SAP score, the Environmental Impact band, and the Environmental Impact score, as well as their
impact on the SAP-calculated fuel costs, CO2 emissions and delivered energy consumption. These results are set out in Table 1.
Page 1 of 5
100%
•archetype 4241730
Table 1: Modelled Single Improvements: EPC Band, SAP Score, Environmental Impact Band, Environmental Impact Score, SAP Annual Fuel Costs, SAP CO2 emissions, and SAP Delivered Energy Consumption
(ordered by impact on the SAP score (lowest to highest))
SAP Annual Fuel Costs: £ per year
code
Improvement Description
EPC
SAP
EI EIs
MH
SecH
HW
Base
as existing
E
54
F
35
£506
£248
M12
M28
draughtproof windows and doors
E
54
F
36
£501
Auto charge control
D
55
F
36
£488
M33
low energy lighting 100%
D
56
F
36
M4
cavity wall insulation
D
56
F
M10
insulated external doors
D
56
M38
switch to E24 tariff
D
M6
floor insulation
M9
L
SAP CO2 Emissions: kg of CO2 per year
SAP Delivered Energy Consumption: kWh per year
ren
tot
MH
SecH
HW
L
ren
tot
MH
SecH
HW
L
ren
tot
£136 £104
£0
£1,018
4776
843
1049
378
0
7045
9202
1624
2020
728
0
13574
£246
£136 £104
£0
£1,011
4730
835
1049
378
0
6991
9114
1608
2020
728
0
13471
£240
£136 £104
£0
£992
4609
813
1049
378
0
6849
8880
1567
2020
728
0
13196
£515
£253
£136
£52
£0
£980
4864
858
1049
189
0
6960
9372
1654
2020
364
0
13411
37
£475
£233
£136 £104
£0
£972
4483
791
1049
378
0
6701
8638
1524
2020
728
0
12911
F
37
£481
£236
£136 £104
£0
£981
4536
801
1049
378
0
6764
8741
1542
2020
728
0
13032
56
F
37
£584
£103
£134
£96
£0
£987
4588
810
1049
378
0
6824
8839
1560
2020
728
0
13148
D
57
E
39
£456
£224
£136 £104
£0
£944
4307
760
1049
378
0
6494
8299
1465
2020
728
0
12513
triple glazing to 1.4
D
57
F
38
£466
£229
£136 £106
£0
£961
4398
776
1049
385
0
6608
8474
1495
2020
742
0
12733
M1
loft insulation, including top up
D
58
E
40
£442
£217
£136 £104
£0
£923
4172
736
1049
378
0
6335
8039
1419
2020
728
0
12206
M31
2m diameter wind turbine on roof
D
58
F
37
£506
£248
£136 £104
-£85
£933
4776
843
1049
378
-317
6728
9202
1624
2020
728
-612
12963
M19
fan electric storage heaters with auto charge control
D
59
F
38
£496
£153
£136 £104
£0
£913
4681
520
1049
378
0
6628
9019
1002
2020
728
0
12770
M35
Air to Air heat pump
D
60
D
57
£513
£91
£156 £112
£0
£896
2257
426
1049
442
0
4173
4348
821
2020
728
0
7918
M20
quantum storage heaters
D
63
E
42
£429
£133
£136 £104
£0
£826
4052
450
1049
378
0
5929
7808
868
2020
728
0
11424
M32
5m wind turbine on stand-alone mast
B
82
E
52
£506
£248
£136 £104 -£629
£390
4776
843
1049
378
-2335
4710
9202
1624
2020
728
-4499
9076
EPC = EPC band / SAP = SAP 2012 score / EI = Environmental Impact band / EIs = Environmental Impact score
MH = main heating / SecH secondary heating / HW = hot water / L = lighting and other costs (e.g. fans and pumps) / ren = impact of renewable generation / tot = total of category
The starting point for this dwelling (i.e. as existing) is a Band E SAP score of 54, that is, 1 point below Band D.
For this dwelling, 14 improvement measures were assessed. Those that were not assessed, and the reasons, are set out in Table 2.
Table 1 above is ordered in terms of the smallest impact on the increase in the SAP score to the highest. One measure (i.e. M12 - draughtproof windows and doors) does not have an impact on the SAP score.
While it does improve the dwelling's overall energy efficiency, the improvement is not sufficient in itself to increase the SAP score by 1 full SAP point.
Twelve measures on their own (highlighted in yellow in Table 1) would raise the SAP rating here into the Band D category, although four of these are different heating options so are mutually exclusive.
One measure on its own (highlighted in red in Table 1) would raise the SAP rating of this dwelling into the Band B category.
Note: In SAP and RdSAP, the estimated delivered energy (which is assumed to be electricity) generated from a installed photovoltaic system (PVs) and / or a wind turbine is converted to a monetary value, a
carbon dioxide emission equivalent value, and a primary energy value using conversion factors from Table 12 of the SAP manual. These amounts are then subtracted from the respective estimated delivered
energy, SAP fuel cost, carbon dioxide emission equivalent, and primary energy totals of the dwelling without the PVs and / or wind turbine. The impact of the installation of photovoltaics and / or wind turbines
appears in the 'ren' columns in above table as a negative number.
Page 2 of 5
•archetype 4241730
Table 2: Reasons for Measures Not Assessed in this Property
code
Improvement Description
M2
flat roof insulation
Improvement Modelled?
not applicable
M3
room in the roof insulation
not applicable
M5
solid wall insulation
not applicable
M7
double glazing to 1.8
already present
M8
secondary glazing to 2.4
M11
hot water tank jacket 80mm
already present
M13
baffle / damper to open fire
not applicable
M14
replace gas boiler with condensing boiler 88%
not applicable
M15
replace oil boiler with condensing boiler 90%
M16
full gas central heating system inc controls
not recommended
M17
full oil central heating system inc controls
not recommended
M18
full biomass central heating system inc controls
not recommended
M21
full electric radiator system inc controls - off peak tariff
not recommended
M22
air source heat pump
not recommended
M23
ground source heat pump
not recommended
M24
room thermostat
not applicable
M25
programmer for heating system
not applicable
M26
TRVs
not applicable
M27
full controls package (r/stat, programmer and TRVs)
M29
Solar thermal 4m2
not recommended
M30
PV 2kWp
not recommended
M34
Cylinder stat for hot water cylinder
M36
replace secondary heating with one more efficient
not recommended
M37
electric CPSU with radiators and controls on E18 tariff
not recommended
not recommended
not applicable
not applicable
already present
A number of the improvement measures were not assessed with regard to this dwelling. Appendix 2 of the Final Report sets out the methodology associated with modelling the 38
improvements, including why measures were not recommended, or not applicable.
Page 3 of 5
•archetype 4241730
Table 3: Impact of Single Improvements on Annual and Lifetime SAP Fuel Costs, CO2 emissions, Delivered Energy Consumption - ordered by Capital Costs (lowest to highest)
annual reductions
code
Improvement Description
EPC
Band
Change in
SAP score
EI Change in EI SAP
Band
score
£/year
SAP kg
CO2/year
lifetime reductions
SAP delivered
kWh/year
lifetime
(years)
SAP £
SAP kg
CO2
SAP delivered
kWh
unit
costs
units
capital
cost
net lifetime £
saving / capital
cost
payback
(years)
M33
low energy lighting 100%
D
2
F
1
38
85
163
5
191
424
817
£5
7
£35
£4.45
0.9
M12
draughtproof windows and doors
E
0
F
1
7
54
103
10
72
537
1034
£100
1
£100
-£0.28
13.9
M28
Auto charge control
D
1
F
1
26
196
379
20
528
3929
7571
£200
1
£200
£1.64
7.6
M38
switch to E24 tariff
D
2
F
2
31
221
427
20
627
4427
8530
£200
1
£200
£2.14
6.4
M1
loft insulation, including top up
D
4
E
5
95
710
1368
42
4004
29821
57459
£350
1
£350
£10.44
3.7
M4
cavity wall insulation
D
2
F
2
46
344
663
42
1941
14456
27853
£1,000
1
£1,000
£0.94
21.6
M6
floor insulation
D
3
E
4
74
551
1062
42
3108
23146
44597
£1,000
1
£1,000
£2.11
13.5
M10
insulated external doors
D
2
F
2
38
281
542
30
1134
8444
16271
£500
2
£1,000
£0.13
26.5
M19
fan electric storage heaters with auto charge control
D
5
F
3
105
417
804
20
2102
8347
16083
£350
4
£1,400
£0.50
13.3
M31
2m diameter wind turbine on roof
D
4
F
2
85
317
612
10
855
3174
6115
£2,750
1
£2,750
-£0.69
32.2
M20
quantum storage heaters
D
9
E
7
192
1116
2150
20
3846
22319
43004
£700
4
£2,800
£0.37
14.6
M35
Air to Air heat pump
D
6
D
22
122
2872
5656
15
1835
43083
84847
£4,500
1
£4,500
-£0.59
36.8
M9
triple glazing to 1.4
D
3
F
3
58
437
842
20
1152
8736
16832
£7,500
1
£7,500
-£0.85
130.2
M32
5m wind turbine on stand-alone mast
B
28
E
17
629
2335
4499
10
6287
23347
44985
£20,000
1
£20,000
-£0.69
31.8
nb. because of the rounding of the annual reductions to the nearest integer, some of the lifetime reductions may not equal a measure's annual reduction multiplied by its respective lifetime
# - because this measure has no impact on the SAP-calculated fuel bill no payback period can be calculated.
Table 3 sets out the resultant EPC and Environmental Impact (EI) banding for each of the individual improvement measures assessed for this dwelling, along with the changes in the respective SAP and EI scores. It then
displays the impact on the respective SAP-calculated annual fuel bill, CO2 emissions and delivered energy consumption for the dwelling (the pink columns in Table 3 above). Multipling the annual change in the
calculated SAP fuel costs, CO2 emissions, and delivered energy consumption for this property, by the respective lifetime of each of the measures assessed, produces the lifetime change for each measure (see the blue
columns in Table 3 above). This allows us to compare the capital costs against both the cost of the saving on the fuel bill on an annual basis (i.e. the payback), and over the lifetime of the measure (i.e. the net lifetime £
saving / capital cost). The net lifetime £ saving / capital cost subtracts the capital cost of the measure from the calculated lifetime SAP £ reduction. In this column, a value greater than 0 here means the calculated
lifetime fuel bill savings are greater than the capital cost of installing the measure. Where the net lifetime saving is a negative number, that is, it has a cost effectiveness of less than 0 (and highlighted in orange in Table
3), the measure will not return the cost of the original investment through savings in the fuel bills alone.
Table 3 is ordered from the lowest capital cost for the improvement measure assessed to the highest. The capital costs of the individual measures ranged from £35 for seven low energy light bulbs, up to £20,000 for
the stand-alone wind turbine. A low capital cost does not necessarily equate to a good return on an investment or short payback period; similarly, a high capital cost does not necessarily mean a poor return on the
cost of the investment or a long payback. In terms of cost effectiveness, the measure with the shortest payback for this archetype is installing low energy lighting throughout the dwelling, with a payback of 0.9 years.
Installing loft insulation has a longer payback period, but provides the largest lifetime return on the cost of the improvement, with a return of £10.44 for every pound invested over the lifetime of the measure.
Five of the measures have a cost effectiveness of less than 0 (highlighted in orange in Table 3) and will not return the cost of the original investment through savings in the fuel bills alone. However, the eligibility for
other incentive schemes (e.g. Feed in Tariffs for installing wind turbines, and the Renewable Heat Incentive for fitting air source heat pumps) are likely to have a significant impact on the financial return associated
with these measures. The financial benefits associated with these incentive schemes are not included in the calculations here, because of their constantly changing returns.
Page 4 of 5
•archetype 4241730
From the characteristics of this archetype, the starting point for this dwelling was assessed to be a RdSAP 2012 Band E SAP score of 54. Only one package was assessed for this archetype: the cheapest package of measures to raise the SAP score so that it achieved a SAP Band D score of at least 55.
Table 4a: Cheapest Package of improvement Measures to Increase the SAP EPC Band to SAP Band D
cummulative annual reductions
code
Improvement Description
Base
M33
as existing
low energy lighting 100%
EPC Band
E
D
SAP
54
56
EI Band
F
F
EI score
35
36
SAP £/year
SAP kg
CO2/year
SAP
delivered
kWh/year
38
85
163
cummulative lifetime reductions
lifetime
(years)
SAP £
SAP kg CO2
SAP
delivered
kWh
unit costs
units
cummulative
capital cost
5
191
424
817
£5
7
£35
Installing low energy lighting throughout this property was assessed as the cheapest way to move the SAP rating for this property into Band D (see Table 4a). The indicative cost was estimated at £35.
Page 5 of 5
cummulative net cummulative
lifetime £ saving
payback
/ capital cost
(years)
4.45
0.9