Exam Study Guide
Line Vocabulary
Contour line - Define the outer edges of forms and surfaces with in a form, such as shapes
or wrinkles and folds giving an illusion of depth.
Outlines- Lines with little variation that describe the outer edges of shapes that appear flat.
Edges -Exists where one shape ends and another begins.
Hatching- Thin closely spaced parallel lines used to indicate shading.
Cross hatching -Shading created by crossed parallel lines.
Shape Vocabulary
Geometric Shape – precise mathematical shapes.
Organic Shape- free from or suggest the shapes of living things.
Negative Shapes- make up the ground of an artwork.
Positive Shapes- make up the figures in an artwork.
Color Vocabulary
Primary -The three basic colors, red, yellow, and blue, from which it is possible to mix all
other colors.
Complementary- Two colors that are directly opposite each other on the color wheel,
meaning they are in extreme contrast with each other.
Intensity -The degree of purity, saturation, or strength of a color.
Hue- The property of color that distinguishes one gradation from another and gives it its
name.
Monochromatic- One color that is modified by changing the values and saturation of the
hue by additions of black or white.
Intermediate- Colors produced by mixing a primary color and the adjacent secondary color
on the color wheel. They are also made by mixing unequal amounts of two primaries.
Value -An element of art concerned with the degree of lightness or darkness of colors.
Tint - A lighter value of a hue made by adding white to it.
Secondary- Colors that result from a mixture of two primary colors. Know how each is
made.
Shade -Variations in the darkness of color made by adding black to the color.
Tone- A color mixed with grey.
2-D Art
Drawing - A likeness made on a surface, using mostly lines.
Painting- Artworks made of color powders missed with a liquid.
Composition: an arrangement of an artwork’s subject
Content- The message of the completed work
Credit line- artist, title of work, year completed, medium used, work’s size, and in whose’
possession or where displayed.
Elements of art— line, shape, form, space, value, color and texture
medium: a material used to make art
Non-objective art: art with no recognizable subject matter.
Sketch- A quick drawing that may be a reference for later work.
Doodling- Drawing with out a preconceived plan, as your mind wonders.
Principles of Art
Balance-Arranging elements in a work to create stability.
Unity- A since of wholeness that results from a successful combination of elements.
Variety- Including many different elements in a composition to add interest to the artwork.
Rhythm- Repetition of visual elements in a work of art, to create a feeling of movement.
Emphasis- The artist combines contrasting sizes, shapes, colors or other elements to place
greater attention on certain areas in a work of art.
Movement- Uses the elements of art to create the illusion of action or create a sense of
motion to the viewer’s eye.
Pattern- An arranged repetition of forms or design, or a combination of both in a
recognizable organization.
Proportion- Relationship of elements to one another and to the whole artwork in terms of
their properties of quantity, and size.
 Be able to:
Draw an example of Movement, Emphasis,
Elements Vocabulary
Texture - The surfaces tactile quality; how things feel or look as though they might feel if
touched.
Form- A three–dimensional shape that encloses space it has height, width, and depth.
Space- Refers to the area between, around, above, below, and within things.
Shape - A two-dimensional enclosed space.
Value -The relative lightness or darkness of an area.
Color -A character of a surface, derived from light reflected off that surface.
Line -The path of a moving point as it is drawn across a surface.
 Be able to:
Draw a Value Scale, (include at least 5 areas of value).
Draw an example of three textures.
Draw three shapes into forms. (example square-cube)
Perspective
Overlapping-Placing one object in front of another, to create depth in a work of art.
Foreshortening- A method of applying perspective to an object or figure so that it seems to
recede in space by shortening the depth of dimensions.
Foreground- Area of a picture that appears nearest to the viewer.
Middleground- The intermediate zone of space between foreground and background in an
artwork.
Background -The area of a picture that appears farthest away in a three-dimensional illusion.
Perspective - A technique used to create the illusion of three-dimensional space and objects
on a two-dimensional surface.
Linear Perspective- lines receding to a vanishing point to show depth
Vanishing Point- In linear perspective the point on the horizon line at which all the receding
parallel lines converge.
 Be able to:
.
Draw a picture that demonstrates overlapping.
Draw your name using one point perspective.
Draw 3 stores in 2 point perspective.
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Proportion is the relationship of one part to another and to the whole.
 Be able to:
Draw a face in proportion.
Face Proportions
 When drawing a face begin with an oval or an egg shape and then divide it
into sections using lightly drawn guide lines.
 The eyes are approximately half way down the head
 The ears are located on the side of the head and should be drawn
approximately from the center of the eye to the bottom of the nose.
 The eyes are approximately an eye width apart.
 The bottom of the nose should be drawn about half way between the eyes
and bottom of the chin.
 The bottom edge of a nose is usually as wide or wider than the space
between the eyes.
 The mouth is located approximately half way between the bottom of the
nose and the bottom of the chin.
 The mouth is wider than the bottom of the nose and usually as wide as
the middle of your pupil.