Danmarks Rederiforening Danish Shipping Statistics — May 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 3 1. Key Figures of the Danish Merchant Fleet 2. Size and Composition of the Merchant Fleet Denmark 2.1 Development of the Danish merchant fleet 2.2 Changes in the Danish merchant fleet 2.3 Employment of the Danish merchant fleet 2.4 The Danish merchant fleet by ship type 2.5 The Danish merchant fleet by size and age groups World 2.6 Geographical distribution of the world merchant fleet 2.7 World merchant fleet by flag state 2.8 World merchant fleet by owner domicile 2.9 World merchant fleet by main type and owner domicile 2.10 World merchant fleet by operator domicile 2.11 World merchant fleet by main type and operator domicile 2.12 World merchant fleet by ship type 2.13 Danish share of various ship types 2.14 The EU countries' merchant fleets / Development of major European national fleets 2.15 World's 25 biggest ship owners 2.16 World's 25 biggest ship operators 3. Shipbuilding and Purchasing Denmark 3.1 The shipping companies' newbuilding programme 3.2 The shipping companies' investments for Danish flag 3.3 The shipping companies' yearly contracting 3.4 The Danish merchant fleet by country of building World 3.5 The world's total newbuilding orders by country of building 3.6 The world's total newbuilding orders by ship type 3.7 The world's total newbuilding orders by owner domicile 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 4. Earnings of Danish Shipping Companies 4.1 Danish shipping's foreign currency earnings 4.2 Danish shipping companies' foreign currency earnings by region 4.3 Danish balance of payments and historical USD/DKK rate of exch. 14 14 15 5. Development in Freight Rates 5.1 Charter rates for tankers 5.2 Charter rates for dry cargo ships 5.3 Baltic Dry Index 5.4 Liner trade - Container freight index 5.5 Charter rates for cellular container ships 16 16 16 17 17 6. Employment in the industry 6.1 Seafarers on board Danish ships 6.2 Direct and indirect employment in the Danish Maritime Cluster 18 18 7. World Trade by Sea 7.1 World trade by sea - Oil, bulk and container - Container capacity 7.2 Sea transport of important bulk commodities 7.3 World trade flows 7.4 Cargo traffic in major ports 7.5 Container traffic in major ports 19 19 20 21 21 8. Bunker Price 8.1 Development of bunker prices and crude oil price 22 9. Environmental and Transport Cost Figures 9.1 Comparative exhaust gas emission 9.2 Comparative transport distance in relation to CO 2 emission 9.3 Examples of the cost of sea transportation 9.4 Tank transportation and incidents of tanker spillage 9.5 Reduction of CO2 emissions 9.6 Future requirements for SOx and NOx reduction 23 23 23 24 24 24 Definitions Source references and notes 25 26 10. Piracy New page added June 2012 (27) 2 1: Key Figures of the Danish Merchant Fleet Size of the Danish Merchant Fleet 1 May 2012 Number of ships TDW (million) GT (million) 603 13.9 11.5 Employment of the Danish Merchant Fleet (Per cent based on GT) 1 May 2012 Liner trade Tramp Tanker trade 61 6 33 Danish Shipping Companies' Newbuilding Programme 1 May 2012 (approx.) Number of ships TDW (million) GT (million) Total value (billion DKK) 116 6.1 6.9 60 Danish Shipping's most Important Markets Per cent of the gross freight EU USA Japan, East Asia China incl. Hong Kong 27 12 15 15 Danish Share of the World Merchant Fleet as per 1 January 2012 Container vessels Product and chemical tankers Passenger ships, ferries LNG/LPG tankers Total Per cent 3.9 3.3 1.2 0.8 1.1 Average Age of the Merchant Fleet, Denmark's merchant fleet (years) January 2012 World's merchant fleet (years) January 2012 Danish Shipping Companies' Foreign Currency Earnings Foreign currency earnings 2011 (Billion DKK) 183 Per cent of total Danish foreign currency earnings 16 Number and Nationality of Seafarers on Board Danish Ships 2010 Danish Scandinavian and EU Other countries Total 9 600 2 000 5 600 17 100 Danish shippings companies employ approx. 30 000 International Standing of Danish Shipping Danish shipping companies own 3 % of the world tonnage 5 % of the world tonnage is commercially operated from Denmark The total Danish engagement, adding owned tonnage (incl tonnage chartered out) and tonnage chartered in, reaches some 78 mill. DWT, based on various sources. That is about 6 % of the world tonnage - the biggest number ever. Danish shipping companies transport about 10 % of world trade Danish controlled shipping - mill. dwt 80 70 78 60 50 40 30 36 20 10 28 14 0 Danish flag Other flags 8.2 9.6 Chartered TOTAL For statistical information, contact Analyst Michael B. Clausen, e-mail: mbc@shipowners.dk, phone +45 33 48 92 36 3 2: Size and Composition of The Merchant Fleet Table 2.1: Development of the Danish Merchant Fleet As on 1 Jan. 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 May 2012 Number of ships Total fleet GT (1 000) DWT (1 000) Number of ships Tanker fleet GT (1 000) DWT (1 000) Dry cargo fleet Number GT of ships (1 000) 538 518 505 506 515 506 499 533 551 580 593 603 6 664 7 181 7 395 7 490 7 984 8 483 9 189 10 137 10 937 11 701 11 388 11 524 8 295 9 078 9 233 9 077 9 734 10 363 10 983 12 362 13 545 14 462 13 718 13 930 92 96 96 91 91 86 88 120 142 162 170 175 1 764 2 090 2 041 1 938 1 865 2 106 2 099 2 860 3 602 3 995 3 555 3 679 3 103 3 681 3 572 3 246 3 076 3 421 3 374 4 562 5 759 6 260 5 355 5 557 446 422 409 415 424 420 411 413 409 418 423 428 4 900 5 091 5 354 5 552 6 119 6 377 7 090 7 277 7 335 7 706 7 833 7 845 5 192 5 397 5 661 5 831 6 658 6 942 7 609 7 800 7 786 8 202 8 363 8 373 DWT (1 000) Table 2.2: Changes in the Danish Merchant Fleet Year Number of ships Gain GT (1 000) DWT (1 000) Number of ships Loss GT (1 000) DWT (1 000) Number of ships Net Gain GT (1 000) DWT (1 000) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 27 30 40 60 47 38 33 69 52 57 49 743 1 005 800 698 980 1 156 1 183 1 638 1 027 1 092 663 914 1 439 984 813 1 408 1 380 1 322 2 355 1 505 1 409 851 79 50 53 59 38 47 40 35 34 28 36 568 487 589 603 489 657 478 695 233 330 997 861 657 826 968 752 752 705 980 334 491 1 629 -52 -20 -13 1 9 -9 -7 34 18 29 13 175 518 211 95 491 499 705 943 800 762 -334 53 782 158 -155 656 628 617 1 375 1 183 918 -778 Pct. Total GT (1 000) Pct. 26.5 29.1 27.6 25.9 23.4 24.8 22.9 28.2 32.9 34.1 31.2 32.0 6 664 7 181 7 395 7 490 7 984 8 483 9 189 10 135 10 937 11 701 11 385 11 523 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Table 2.3: Employment of the Danish Merchant Fleet As on 1 Jan. 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 May 2012 Liner trade GT (1 000) 4 170 4 468 4 829 5 087 5 441 5 629 6 322 6 547 6 675 7 065 7 211 7 219 Pct. Tramp GT (1 000) Pct. 62.6 62.2 65.3 67.9 68.1 66.4 68.8 64.6 61.0 60.4 63.3 62.6 730 623 525 465 678 748 767 728 660 641 620 625 11.0 8.7 7.1 6.2 8.5 8.8 8.3 7.2 6.0 5.5 5.4 5.4 Tanker trade GT (1 000) 1 764 2 090 2 041 1 938 1 865 2 106 2 100 2 860 3 602 3 995 3 554 3 679 Merchant Fleet, Trade categories GT (1 000) January 2002 - May 2012 12 000 10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Liner 2007 Tramp 4 2008 2009 Tanker 2010 2011 2012 Table 2.4: The Danish Merchant Fleet by Ship Type January 1, 2010 Number GT of ships (1 000) Types of Ships Liner Container Ro-Ro Other ships in liner trade Passenger ships, ferries Total May 1, 2011 Number GT of ships (1 000) May 1, 2012 Number GT of ships (1 000) 86 10 5 79 180 6 003 216 11 445 6 675 92 11 0 77 180 6 419 225 0 393 7 037 95 11 0 77 183 6 616 225 0 378 7 219 Types of Ships Tramp Bulk carriers Reefers Other dry bulk etc. Total 4 4 90 98 251 58 127 436 4 3 84 91 204 43 147 394 4 0 76 80 204 0 110 314 Types of Ships Tanker Oil Tankers Product tankers Chemical tankers LPG tankers Total 3 87 49 3 142 322 2 474 512 294 3 602 3 115 48 4 170 322 3 074 283 398 4 077 0 120 51 4 175 0 2 983 299 398 3 680 Types of Ships Specialized Cable-layers Standby safety vessels Tugs, supply vessels etc. Total The total fleet 3 29 99 131 551 13 25 186 224 10 937 3 32 113 148 589 13 32 213 258 11 766 3 33 129 165 603 13 32 266 311 11 524 Table 2.5: The Danish Merchant Fleet by Size and Age Groups, 1 May 2012 Age Size GT Under 5 years Number GT of ships 5-9 years Number GT of ships 10-14 years Number GT of ships 15-19 years Number GT of ships 1003005001.0002.0003.0004.0006.0008.00010.00015.00020.00030.00050.000100.000Total 12 1 847 6 2 432 9 8 371 0 0 1 2 658 3 11 058 20 101 405 13 88 960 2 17 081 7 82 213 0 0 16 417 867 15 533 344 11 987 337 6 891 514 121 3 146 087 2 476 8 3 269 8 6 266 1 1 702 12 31 552 3 9 751 6 27 828 5 36 010 4 36 882 9 105 255 6 118 548 27 665 530 25 897 211 22 1 880 432 4 683 176 142 4 503 888 0 0 5 2 180 3 2 332 8 13 321 2 5 447 1 3 380 8 36 474 5 32 123 3 28 808 7 87 907 0 0 24 628 066 6 200 796 26 2 031 549 0 0 98 3 072 383 5 938 5 2 101 0 0 6 8 249 7 19 999 3 11 630 5 20 784 2 13 068 1 8 939 3 38 034 5 92 216 3 62 526 1 35 498 0 0 0 0 46 313 982 GT in pct. 27.3 39.1 26.7 2.7 20 years and above Total Number GT Number GT of ships of ships The average age of the Danish merchant fleet measured on tonnage as of 1 January 2012 The average age of the world merchant fleet measured on tonnage as of 1 January 2012 5 66 25 23 35 18 7 5 1 0 6 7 0 3 0 0 196 12 479 9 575 18 682 50 304 47 196 23 888 24 071 6 759 0 74 771 116 632 0 103 183 0 0 487 540 85 15 740 49 19 557 43 35 651 50 73 576 40 106 852 17 59 707 44 210 562 26 176 920 10 91 710 32 388 180 18 327 396 70 1 773 989 50 1 770 032 59 4 899 318 10 1 574 690 603 11 523 880 4.2 100 8.2 years 9.6 years Table 2.6: Geographical Distribution of the World Merchant Fleet 1 July 1980 GT Pct. (1 000) EU countries Other industrialized countries Open registers Eastern Europe/the Balkans Dynamic Asian countries Other Asian countries Latin America Africa Unknown Total 136 620 89 680 107 085 27 565 16 858 25 058 12 159 4 885 0 419 910 33 21 26 7 4 6 3 1 0 100 Distribution of World Tonnage by GT, 1 January 2012 Other Asian countries Latin America (see note) 1 January 2000 GT Pct. (1 000) 1 January 2012 GT Pct. (1 000) 125 984 60 019 212 195 8 830 46 792 46 209 9 044 3 928 2 355 515 356 194 041 49 843 491 201 7 929 143 820 73 131 9 299 5 538 2 194 976 996 24 12 41 2 9 9 2 1 0 100 20 5 50 1 15 7 1 1 0 100 The EU Merchant Fleet Share of the world fleet 1980 - 2012 35 Africa Unknown Dynamic Asian countries 30 25 Percentage EU countries Eastern Europe/the Balkans 20 15 10 Other industrialized countries 5 0 1 July 1980 1 January 2000 1 January 2012 Open registers Table 2.7: World Merchant Fleet by Flag State 1 January 2012 No. Flag State 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Panama Liberia Marshall Islands Hong Kong Singapore Bahamas Malta Greece China Cyprus Italy U.K. Japan Germany Norway Isle Of Man South Korea Denmark Antigua & Barbuda Bermuda Indonesia India USA Netherlands Malaysia Rest of the world Total tonnage (see note) GT (1 000) DWT (1 000) GT in pct. Number of ships 208 500 115 955 71 372 69 200 51 960 47 174 44 312 41 086 35 812 20 439 17 683 16 418 16 295 15 071 14 242 12 696 11 224 11 138 10 989 10 429 9 095 8 715 8 313 6 730 6 672 95 476 976 996 319 254 180 746 116 264 115 125 79 783 61 184 70 458 72 377 56 281 32 489 20 985 17 529 22 809 17 337 17 988 21 854 18 325 13 561 14 193 10 028 12 591 14 992 9 641 7 355 9 014 128 339 1 460 502 21.3 11.9 7.3 7.1 5.3 4.8 4.5 4.2 3.7 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 9.8 100.0 6 728 2 848 1 685 1 854 1 810 1 172 1 685 1 159 2 696 832 938 626 3 395 499 963 333 1 240 431 1 258 148 3 034 499 479 802 576 16 624 54 314 6 Table 2.8: World Merchant Fleet by Owner Domicile, 1 January 2012 (see note) No. Country 1 Japan 2 Germany 3 Greece 4 China 5 South Korea 6 Bermuda 7 Denmark 8 USA 9 Taiwan 10 U.K. 11 Panama 12 Norway 13 Singapore 14 Hong Kong 15 Marshall Isl. 16 Liberia 17 Italy 18 Turkey 19 Russia 20 India 21 France 22 Bahamas 23 Cyprus 24 Indonesia 25 Belgium Rest of the world Total world tonnage GT (1 000) DWT (1 000) GT in pct. 140 645 89 387 70 637 69 942 33 797 32 746 26 567 26 256 24 886 24 828 23 886 23 594 23 345 21 148 21 126 18 572 16 696 14 203 12 172 11 315 9 136 8 752 8 505 8 067 7 896 208 894 976 996 212 590 120 624 117 371 113 400 54 646 51 020 35 528 35 340 39 076 35 544 30 447 30 083 36 988 34 392 36 837 32 180 21 920 23 050 18 909 19 524 9 318 13 269 13 554 11 381 12 902 300 613 1 460 502 14.40 9.15 7.23 7.16 3.46 3.35 2.72 2.69 2.55 2.54 2.44 2.41 2.39 2.16 2.16 1.90 1.71 1.45 1.25 1.16 0.94 0.90 0.87 0.83 0.81 21.38 100.0 Number of ships 4 674 3 829 1 954 3 665 1 357 625 856 868 707 794 475 1 438 1 131 696 534 552 917 1 387 1 357 465 308 216 356 1 498 183 23 472 54 314 Table 2.9: World Merchant Fleet by Main Type and Owner Domicile, 1 January 2012 Container No. Country 1. Germany 2. Japan 3. Denmark 4. China 5. Taiwan 6. Greece 7. France 8. Singapore 9. South Korea 10. U.K. 11. Canada 12. Bermuda 13. Marshall Isl. 14. Israel 15. USA 16. U.A.E. 17. Cyprus 18. Isle Of Man 19. Netherlands 20. Chile 21. Indonesia 22. Turkey 23. Malaysia 24. Switzerland 25. Liberia Rest of the world Total world tonnage GT (1 000) 54 286 13 371 13 071 9 737 7 741 7 426 6 641 4 986 4 855 4 088 3 435 3 215 2 890 1 976 1 827 1 672 1 420 1 215 1 081 1 027 816 811 690 676 649 21 199 170 798 Dry Bulk Tank Country Japan Greece Bermuda China USA Germany Norway Singapore Liberia U.K. South Korea Denmark Russia Bahamas Hong Kong Italy Saudi Arabia Panama India Iran Malaysia Taiwan Qatar Belgium Turkey GT (1 000) 39 432 30 406 17 904 13 825 12 620 12 552 10 850 10 575 10 179 9 515 8 756 8 631 8 073 7 386 7 172 7 047 6 473 5 930 5 806 5 169 5 026 5 016 4 954 4 779 4 532 62 871 325 481 7 Country Japan China Greece South Korea Germany Marshall Isl. Taiwan Hong Kong Panama Bermuda U.K. Liberia Turkey Singapore USA India Norway Brazil Cyprus Italy Denmark Canada Isle Of Man Belgium Vietnam GT (1 000) 70 283 38 263 28 340 17 909 13 966 13 952 11 031 10 560 10 010 9 064 8 302 7 362 6 400 6 362 5 079 4 977 4 787 4 187 4 033 3 947 3 248 2 662 2 448 2 386 1 775 54 923 346 256 Gen. Cargo, Passenger Country Japan Germany China Panama Norway USA Italy Greece Netherlands Sweden U.K. Russia Hong Kong Bermuda Turkey South Korea Indonesia Finland Malaysia Denmark Singapore France Vietnam Taiwan Spain GT (1 000) 17 558 8 583 8 117 7 873 7 492 6 730 5 201 4 465 4 193 3 541 2 923 2 847 2 771 2 562 2 460 2 277 2 093 1 726 1 630 1 616 1 422 1 305 1 273 1 098 1 092 31 612 134 461 Table 2.10: World Merchant Fleet by Operator Domicile, 1 January 2012 (see note) No. Country 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. Japan China Greece Germany USA Denmark South Korea Singapore U.K. Switzerland Hong Kong Norway Taiwan Liberia Bermuda Marshall Isl. Italy France Turkey U.A.E. Russia Panama India Belgium Indonesia Total world tonnage GT (1 000) DWT (1 000) GT in pct. Number of ships 119 847 73 628 58 824 56 756 50 665 50 246 48 853 46 484 36 537 33 447 33 354 28 193 27 507 22 964 18 971 18 341 17 264 15 790 13 135 12 164 12 117 10 858 10 814 10 119 9 571 140 548 976 996 173 589 115 443 101 339 83 017 67 588 70 159 71 630 78 844 56 917 46 845 54 900 34 041 40 947 41 370 28 883 32 908 20 012 17 614 20 488 18 723 17 872 19 168 18 461 15 281 13 198 201 265 1 460 502 12.27 7.54 6.02 5.81 5.19 5.14 5.00 4.76 3.74 3.42 3.41 2.89 2.82 2.35 1.94 1.88 1.77 1.62 1.34 1.25 1.24 1.11 1.11 1.04 0.98 14.39 100.00 5 971 4 149 2 118 2 742 1 588 1 713 2 105 2 054 980 638 1 343 1 597 876 565 340 613 991 471 1 762 598 1 599 708 582 312 3 084 14 815 54 314 Table 2.11: World Merchant Fleet by Main Type and Operator Domicile, 1 January 2012 Container No. Country 1. Germany 2. Denmark 3. Switzerland 4. China 5. Japan 6. France 7. Taiwan 8. South Korea 9. USA 10. Singapore 11. Hong Kong 12. Chile 13. Israel 14. U.A.E. 15. Belgium 16. Greece 17. Netherlands 18. Malaysia 19. Indonesia 20. Turkey 21. Liberia 22. Brazil 23. U.K. 24. Marshall Isl. 25. India Rest of the world Total world tonnage GT (1 000) 23 034 22 630 20 849 14 646 13 669 12 115 11 389 10 194 8 934 5 080 4 417 4 342 3 270 3 019 1 536 1 135 1 028 867 734 718 678 604 549 513 431 4 420 170 798 Tank Dry Bulk Country GT (1 000) Japan 29 421 Singapore 28 387 Greece 26 191 USA 24 368 U.K. 22 772 Denmark 15 233 China 14 159 Liberia 13 100 Norway 11 969 Bermuda 10 661 South Korea 9 881 Qatar 7 697 U.A.E. 7 587 Russia 7 324 Hong Kong 5 667 India 5 366 Italy 5 278 Iran 5 254 Taiwan 4 844 Germany 4 755 Marshall Isl. 4 666 Malaysia 4 257 Indonesia 3 925 Belgium 3 757 Turkey 3 044 45 920 325 481 Country GT (1 000) Japan 55 615 China 35 489 Greece 28 618 Germany 21 749 South Korea 21 690 Hong Kong 20 586 Marshall Isl. 12 759 Singapore 11 410 Switzerland 10 872 Denmark 10 193 Taiwan 10 144 U.K. 9 409 Liberia 8 717 Panama 8 043 Norway 7 055 Turkey 6 149 USA 6 137 Bermuda 5 187 India 4 518 Italy 4 384 Brazil 4 380 Belgium 3 701 Canada 3 671 Cyprus 3 235 Virgin Islands 2 489 30 058 346 256 8 Gen. cargo, Passenger Country GT (1 000) Japan 21 142 USA 11 226 China 9 336 Norway 8 973 Germany 7 218 Italy 7 176 South Korea 7 088 Netherlands 4 179 U.K. 3 807 Russia 3 562 Turkey 3 224 Indonesia 3 218 Bermuda 3 073 Greece 2 881 Hong Kong 2 684 Denmark 2 190 Sweden 1 956 Finland 1 823 Singapore 1 607 Vietnam 1 564 France 1 489 Taiwan 1 130 Belgium 1 126 Ukraine 1 085 Dutch Antilles 1 039 20 665 134 461 Table 2.12: World Merchant Fleet by Ship Type, 1 January 2012 (see note) No. Flag State 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. Panama Liberia Marshall Islands Hong Kong Singapore Bahamas Malta Greece China Cyprus Italy U.K. Japan Germany Norway Isle Of Man South Korea Denmark Antigua & Barbuda Bermuda Indonesia India USA Netherlands Malaysia Rest of the world Total world tonnage Tank Dry bulk 42 262 41 157 37 960 14 906 23 432 24 358 16 167 24 693 7 740 5 685 5 595 1 508 6 319 453 7 163 8 155 1 587 3 612 88 5 473 3 467 5 147 1 979 583 5 354 30 638 325 481 107 146 33 359 24 495 39 117 13 620 10 250 18 715 12 634 18 225 9 084 4 495 1 730 6 117 377 3 274 4 061 7 194 204 884 1 805 1 574 2 953 996 460 212 23 275 346 256 1 000 GT Container Gen. Cargo 33 414 37 528 7 062 12 701 10 882 1 733 4 520 2 280 5 261 3 902 863 9 430 115 13 526 0 91 779 6 615 5 838 559 805 224 3 315 1 056 650 7 649 170 798 Other types Total 4 620 1 012 324 82 301 7 014 2 087 1 233 883 457 4 102 1 249 1 026 412 756 18 263 408 29 2 592 708 55 419 1 397 34 9 258 40 739 208 500 115 955 71 372 69 200 51 960 47 174 44 312 41 086 35 813 20 439 17 683 16 418 16 295 15 071 14 242 12 696 11 224 11 138 10 989 10 429 9 095 8 714 8 313 6 730 6 672 95 476 976 996 World Total Number GT of ships (1 000) Danish share in pct. (tonnage) 21 058 2 899 1 531 2 394 3 725 3 819 2 823 246 3 704 1 311 2 628 2 501 2 718 303 3 049 371 1 401 299 4 150 0 2 541 335 1 604 3 234 422 24 655 93 721 Table 2.13: Danish Share of Various Ship Types, 1 January 2012 (see note) Danish Flag Number GT of ships (1 000) Types of Ships Container Product and chemical tankers Passenger ships/ferries LNG/LPG tankers Ro-Ro General cargo Crude oil tankers Bulk carriers etc. Reefers Total 95 163 82 5 12 66 4 4 0 431 6 615 3 049 408 396 196 105 165 204 0 11 138 4 976 9 976 6 387 1 572 2 801 15 370 2 228 9 942 1 062 54 314 170 798 93 156 34 617 49 430 45 480 49 153 182 895 346 256 5 211 976 996 Development of the World Merchant Fleet 1995-2012 1 000 000 900 000 800 000 GT (1000) 700 000 600 000 500 000 400 000 300 000 200 000 100 000 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 9 3.87 3.27 1.17 0.81 0.43 0.21 0.09 0.06 0.00 1.14 Table 2.14: The EU Countries' Merchant Fleets, 1 January 2012 No. Flag State 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26 27 Malta Greece Cyprus Italy U.K. Germany Denmark Netherlands France Belgium Sweden Spain Finland Portugal Luxembourg Lithuania Bulgaria Estonia Irish Republic Latvia Romania Poland Slovakia Austria Hungary Czech Republic Slovenia EU total (see note) Number of ships GT (1 000) DWT (1 000) 1 685 1 159 832 938 626 499 431 802 271 91 273 169 154 151 43 45 39 29 52 19 10 45 6 0 0 0 0 8 369 44 312 41 086 20 439 17 683 16 418 15 071 11 138 6 730 6 589 4 277 3 263 2 518 1 471 1 093 599 368 306 287 161 116 52 45 19 0 0 0 0 194 041 70 458 72 377 32 489 20 985 17 529 17 337 13 561 7 355 8 583 6 521 1 579 2 344 1 202 1 182 613 305 433 70 233 42 38 32 22 0 0 0 0 275 288 Top Ten Merchant Fleets in the EU, chartered and foreign flagged ships not included GT (1 000), 1 January 2012 50 000 45 000 40 000 35 000 30 000 25 000 20 000 15 000 10 000 5 000 0 Malta 250 Greece Cyprus Italy U.K. Germany Denmark Netherlands France Belgium Development of the major European national merchant fleets 1980-2012 indexed Denmark 200 150 100 50 0 1980 ~ 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 Denmark Norway Sweden Greece UK Germany France Netherlands 10 2009 Italy 2012 Table 2.15: World's 25 biggest shipowners by owned tonnage 1. Jan 2012 Rank Company (Group) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Nippon Yusen Kaisha COSCO Mitsui OSK Lines Ltd A.P. Moller - Maersk A/S China Shipping Group Co Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd Zodiac Maritime Agencies Ltd Anangel Shipping Enterprises Carnival Corp Shoei Kisen Kaisha Ltd Teekay Corp SOVCOMFLOT Hanjin Shipping Holdings Co Claus-Peter Offen Reederei CMA CGM Holding & Co SAS Cido Shipping HK Co Ltd Nissen Kaiun Co Ltd NITC ER Schiffahrt GmbH & Cie KG BW Group Ltd Dynacom Tankers Management Ltd Cardiff Marine Inc Ship Finance International Ltd Qatar Gas Transport - Nakilat Dr Peters GmbH & Co KG Total Rest of companies World total Nationality of Control Japan China Japan Denmark China Japan U.K. Greece USA Japan Canada Russia South Korea Germany France Hong Kong Japan Iran Germany Bermuda Greece Greece Bermuda Qatar Germany Ships GT 391 585 376 320 422 221 123 77 98 141 100 129 90 89 88 144 105 46 99 64 58 61 50 29 59 3 965 50 349 54 314 22 459 117 21 934 690 20 474 738 17 926 635 13 111 462 11 826 765 7 903 136 7 699 209 7 613 568 7 184 064 7 140 111 6 585 179 6 369 330 5 880 922 5 727 607 5 556 435 5 412 266 5 146 063 5 123 867 4 982 551 4 741 703 4 486 134 4 415 568 4 356 136 4 281 339 214 057 256 762 938 256 976 995 512 DWT 29 680 034 36 387 620 27 783 441 22 548 977 20 003 150 15 690 476 10 855 322 14 351 133 791 075 9 554 307 11 057 394 11 549 085 9 447 296 7 182 778 6 136 526 6 719 842 9 824 879 9 728 445 6 783 350 7 532 146 8 490 250 8 339 932 8 218 658 3 609 022 7 633 239 302 265 138 1 158 236 369 1 460 501 507 Table 2.16: World's 25 biggest companies by operated tonnage 1. Jan 2012 (excl. short charters) Rank Company (Group) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 A.P. Moller - Maersk A/S Mitsui OSK Lines Ltd Nippon Yusen Kaisha MSC Mediterranean Shipping Co COSCON Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd CMA CGM SA The French Line Oldendorff Carriers GmbH & Co China Shipping Container Lines Hanjin Shipping Co Ltd SwissMarine Services SA Hapag-Lloyd AG Tankers UK Agencies Ltd Hyundai Merchant Marine Co Ltd APL Ltd Sanko Steamship Co Ltd Evergreen Marine Corp NITC Norden A/S Dampskibsselskabet Frontline Ltd CSAV Zodiac Maritime Agencies Ltd AET Inc Ltd STX Pan Ocean Co Ltd Torm A/S Total Rest of companies World total Nationality of control Denmark Japan Japan Svitzerland China Japan France Germany China South Korea Switzerland Germany U.K. South Korea USA Japan Taiwan Iran Denmark Norway Chile U.K. Malaysia South Korea Denmark Ships GT 647 534 358 357 457 329 232 299 232 174 135 169 46 104 128 139 138 46 143 35 95 72 67 118 102 5 156 49 158 54 314 11 29 654 642 27 430 331 21 062 245 20 861 539 18 688 738 18 382 794 11 859 508 11 410 483 10 916 847 10 199 846 9 401 864 7 817 905 7 494 311 7 210 831 6 786 036 6 294 553 6 155 765 5 146 063 5 112 073 4 801 771 4 736 891 4 608 393 4 561 472 4 546 746 4 150 018 269 291 665 707 703 847 976 995 512 DWT 36 752 889 34 933 072 26 191 103 23 537 216 28 572 780 23 037 310 13 335 708 20 720 415 15 856 046 14 211 965 18 030 479 9 071 309 14 306 071 10 336 442 7 468 228 11 391 629 6 625 703 9 728 445 9 265 853 9 172 000 4 915 529 8 391 864 8 411 494 7 504 207 7 255 070 379 022 827 1 081 478 680 1 460 501 507 3: Shipbuilding Table 3.1: Danish Shipping Companies' Newbuilding Programme, 1 May 2012 *) Expected delivery Number of ships 2012 2013 2014 2015+ Total 60 32 17 7 GT 1 601 418 1 838 595 1 640 600 1 050 000 DWT 2 148 767 2 093 747 1 673 297 1 019 500 (see note) Total order value Mill. DKK 16 854 19 462 17 378 6 809 116 6 130 613 6 935 311 60 503 * Confirmed newbuildings by Danish shipowners Table 3.2: The Shipping Companies' Investments for Danish Flag 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 10 313 5 960 5 394 6 174 5 219 5 056 6 135 4 856 7 950 8 201 4 348 2 530 421 782 30 652 48 2 251 1 201 1 216 5 525 1 674 419 181 10 734 6 742 5 424 6 826 5 267 7 307 7 336 6 072 13 475 9 875 4 767 2 711 Sale (see note) Net invest. 2 340 1 644 998 678 1 977 1 955 3 463 3 553 2 364 4 467 798 1 254 8 394 5 098 4 426 6 148 3 290 5 352 3 873 2 519 11 111 5 408 3 969 1 457 Shipping Investments for Danish Flag Newbuildings and secondhand tonnage 14 000 12 000 10 000 Mill. DKK Year Mill. DKK Newbuildings Secondhand Total 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Secondhand 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Newbuildings Table 3.3: Danish Shipping Companies' Yearly Contracting Number of ships 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 29 21 73 109 61 149 142 140 7 31 53 GT 634 672 894 740 2 588 688 5 016 512 2 178 232 3 555 356 2 967 120 4 876 264 5 593 417 676 4 065 221 Order value Mill. DKK 6 627 8 079 16 825 36 994 17 176 34 987 27 272 40 611 660 7 434 40 084 Yearly contracting for domestic and foreign flag 6 000 5 000 4 000 1000 BT Year 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Table 3.4: The Danish Merchant Fleet by Country of Building, 1 May 2012 Built in: Denmark South Korea China Germany Japan Taiwan Norway Rest of the world Total Number of ships 185 60 74 64 9 7 59 145 603 GT (1 000) GT in pct. 5 595 2 232 1 542 916 328 181 158 572 11 524 48.6 19.4 13.4 7.9 2.8 1.6 1.4 5.0 100.0 Merchant Fleet - Country of Building GT, 1 May 2012 Taiwan Japan Norway Rest of world Germany China South Korea 12 Denmark 2011 Table 3.5: The World's Total Newbuilding Orders by Country of Building No. Country of building 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 China South Korea Japan Philippines Brazil Vietnam India Taiwan Romania Iran Turkey Russia USA Croatia Netherlands Indonesia Rest of the world Total 1 January 2010 Number DWT of ships (1 000) 3 159 1 692 1 275 117 43 271 146 48 67 21 162 56 17 29 55 33 351 7 509 194 865 161 342 89 026 11 901 3 587 4 723 5 400 2 791 2 848 866 1 519 853 692 968 398 609 6 363 488 142 1 January 2011 Number DWT of ships (1 000) 2 725 1 375 1 072 108 50 223 138 43 40 22 127 64 10 21 47 7 265 6 330 1 January 2012 Number DWT of ships (1 000) 184 067 145 029 74 909 13 317 3 673 4 027 3 923 2 622 1 616 837 1 143 500 317 764 335 211 2 449 439 528 2 215 1 039 852 77 48 200 105 37 35 23 86 77 12 18 42 29 219 5 085 145 174 105 166 60 049 9 031 3 635 3 476 2 838 2 603 1 285 837 690 612 526 470 282 243 1 347 338 021 World's Top Five Shipbuilding Countries, Yard Domicile DWT (Million), 1 January 2012 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 China South Korea Japan Philippines Brazil Table 3.6: The World's Total Newbuilding Orders by Ship Type General cargo Container Ro-Ro Tankers Bulk carriers Total 1 197 871 259 2 059 3 123 7 509 12 366 55 935 3 915 142 316 273 610 488 142 1 January 2011 Number DWT of ships (1 000) 1 006 616 203 1 517 2 988 6 330 10 510 45 769 2 860 123 496 256 894 439 529 World's Top Five Newbuilding Countries, Owner Domicile 1 January 2012 Number DWT of ships (1 000) 802 628 144 1 116 2 395 5 085 9 977 50 504 1 525 82 029 193 986 338 021 50 40 DWT (Million) Type of Ship 1 January 2010 Number DWT of ships (1 000) 30 20 10 0 China Japan Greece Hong Kong South Korea Table 3.7: The World's Total Newbuilding Orders by Owner Domicile, 1 January 2012 (See note) No. Company Domicile 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 China Japan Greece Hong Kong South Korea Singapore Germany Taiwan Brazil Panama U.K. Denmark Bermuda Liberia USA Turkey Switzerland Norway Marshall Islands Rest of the world I alt Gen.cargo / Ro-Ro Number DWT of Ships (1 000) 62 49 4 14 39 40 120 3 1 3 13 6 0 0 4 25 3 50 1 509 946 955 483 82 152 1 420 804 1 457 56 11 44 97 38 0 0 73 201 54 1 140 3 4 432 11 502 Container Number DWT of Ships (1 000) 73 19 16 20 43 23 108 58 4 8 19 44 4 6 30 2 39 4 6 102 628 5 190 1 314 910 2 580 3 875 965 6 432 5 005 151 406 1 276 5 721 232 311 3 826 39 5 349 134 432 6 356 50 504 Tankers Number DWT of Ships (1 000) 88 65 104 31 20 77 19 9 31 25 14 27 41 24 26 62 4 38 15 396 1 116 3 588 3 777 9 407 4 503 3 893 5 807 342 1 634 2 659 3 058 956 2 427 5 956 5 076 2 847 2 173 242 2 723 1 888 19 073 82 029 Bulk carriers Number DWT of Ships (1 000) 379 299 168 132 82 106 90 61 24 84 59 27 49 36 13 66 11 14 57 638 2 395 29 186 27 360 13 944 11 250 8 031 7 603 6 407 5 689 8 960 6 367 7 455 1 342 3 229 2 521 961 4 200 627 1659 3 259 43 936 193 986 The figures in the tables 3.5, 3.6 and 3.7 differ from the statistics of the Danish Shipowners' Association 13 Total Number DWT of Ships (1 000) 602 432 292 197 184 246 337 131 60 120 105 104 94 66 73 155 57 106 79 1 645 5 085 38 919 32 934 24 343 18 485 17 219 15 179 14 638 12 384 11 781 9 875 9 784 9 528 9 417 7 908 7 707 6 613 6 272 5 656 5 582 73 797 338 021 4: Earnings of Danish Shipping Companies Table 4.1: Danish Shipping's Foreign Currency Earnings Year 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Per cent of Denmark's export 6 6 7 6 6 9 9 12 12 13 12 14 16 14 16 16 16 14 17 16 Billion DKK 26 31 34 33 37 45 46 50 85 100 90 100 120 130 160 175 190 140 176 183 Table 4.2: Danish Shipping Companies' Foreign Currency Earnings by Region (See note) Region Per cent of total Denmark Europe Russia Africa Middle East, India Japan, East Asia China incl. Hong Kong Australia, New Zealand USA, Canada South America 2 27 1 7 10 15 15 3 12 8 Foreign Currency Earnings Billion DKK 1993-2011 200 150 100 50 0 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 14 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Table 4.3: Danish Balance of Payments (See note) Earnings Export of goods (fob) Payment of employees Travel Other services Transfers from EU Capital income Other transactions Total earnings 2004 448 887 6 357 34 026 191 535 10 942 70 158 19 607 781 512 Million DKK 2005 2006 2007 2008 496 207 538 248 545 428 581 019 5 192 5 858 5 591 4 516 29 721 33 221 0 0 232 004 277 616 334 267 368 253 9 638 9 410 8 875 9 156 136 068 157 742 182 384 185 049 13 400 11 138 13 550 14 243 922 230 1 033 233 1 090 095 1 162 236 2009 2010 2011 491 090 538 262 599382 4 783 6 650 6740 0 0 0 295 909 339 944 352229 10 212 8 506 9192 135 297 146 299 180799 14 510 13 894 14167 951 801 1 053 555 1 162 509 Expenses Import of goods (fob) Payment of employees Other services Travel Transfers from EU Capital income Other transactions Total expenses 2004 393 419 7 336 163 490 43 681 16 547 82 229 38 992 745 694 2005 451 824 8 897 184 641 38 788 16 430 131 618 31 354 863 552 2009 448 370 18 260 272 261 0 19 776 100 779 33 326 892 772 35 818 58 678 Net earnings 2006 2007 2008 522 162 547 707 584 717 10 449 16 321 20 304 227 552 292 569 317 215 44 051 0 0 17 459 18 678 19 181 137 056 170 904 153 443 30 450 31 926 32 137 989 179 1 078 105 1 126 997 44 054 11 990 35 239 59 029 2010 2011 489 774 547698 16 234 16707 291 798 306101 0 0 19 220 19751 104 128 120699 35 551 35766 956 705 1 046 722 96 850 115 787 Development of USD/DKK annual average rate of exchange DKK 8.50 7.50 6.50 5.50 5.36 4.50 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 15 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 5: Development in Freight Rates Table 5.1: Charter Rates for Tankers Crude Oil Tankers VLCC Month January February March April May June July August September October November December Average 2008 2009 2010 114 77 75 76 137 139 158 47 69 67 49 58 89 57 45 34 20 13 31 19 17 12 23 28 39 28 62 40 48 53 39 58 25 17 13 11 28 20 35 Product Tankers LR2 (85 000 - 110 000 DWT) Single Voyage - $ 1 000/day 2011 2012 2008 15 26 29 13 13 18 10 7 6 8 19 19 15 27 23 32 41 37 26 20 18 27 50 53 70 74 75 50 33 44 2009 2010 2011 2012 24 31 15 9 8 12 13 13 21 25 20 27 18 23 21 17 13 17 16 16 23 21 9 12 15 17 13 8 9 15 17 11 16 16 16 13 7 9 13 8 5 4 9 Table 5.2: Charter Rates for Dry Cargo Ships Month January February March April May June July August September October November December Average 2008 102 101 116 126 175 159 139 118 64 22 7 9 95 Capesize (100 000 - 199 000 DWT) Single Voyage - $ 1 000/day 2009 2010 2011 2012 2008 14 39 10 10 61 31 32 7 6 53 21 36 10 6 67 17 31 8 7 67 36 46 9 82 68 37 11 79 54 17 12 73 40 28 13 54 30 34 26 42 41 39 29 12 66 35 26 7 52 24 29 4 39 33 16 50 Panamax (50 000 - 79 999 DWT) 2009 4 11 15 11 18 26 27 20 21 23 32 30 20 2010 31 26 33 32 36 29 19 24 26 20 19 18 26 2011 15 14 17 14 14 16 13 13 14 17 15 15 15 2012 11 7 8 11 Table 5.3: Baltic Dry Index Month January February March April May June July August September October November December Average 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 7 170 6 874 8 160 8 265 10 400 10 173 8 936 7 403 4 975 1 892 819 743 6 318 905 1 816 1 958 1 659 2 540 3 823 3 362 2 685 2 358 2 746 3 941 3 572 2 614 3 168 2 678 3 207 3 043 3 838 3 088 1 910 2 432 2 719 2 693 2 321 2 031 2 761 1 401 1 181 1 493 1 343 1 352 1 433 1 366 1 387 1 840 2 072 1 835 1 869 1 548 1 039 703 Baltic Dry Index BDI Linear Index 500 12 000 450 10 000 400 350 8 000 300 250 6 000 200 4 000 150 100 2 000 50 0 2006 871 16 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Table 5.4: Liner Trade - Container Freight Index Liner (2006 = 100) Month January February March April May June July August September October November December Average 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 104 105 106 105 101 104 105 98 96 95 91 87 100 90 89 87 88 89 93 96 98 101 100 99 102 94 98 95 92 88 89 89 89 93 97 90 86 73 90 62 59 57 56 53 53 60 65 69 75 75 84 64 98 104 111 115 119 125 127 120 117 109 109 111 114 114 108 106 102 103 103 106 106 108 109 107 109 107 Tabel 5.5: Charter Rates for Cellular Container Ships 3 000 TEU Month January February March April May June July August September October November December Average 2008 31 31 31 31 30 30 28 24 17 13 11 10 24 2009 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 6 5 5 5 5 6 1 700 TEU 2010 5 6 7 9 11 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 11 $ 1 000/day 2012 8 8 8 8 2011 16 17 17 17 17 17 15 14 13 10 10 9 14 8 2008 18 18 18 18 18 17 17 13 12 10 7 6 14 2009 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 5 2010 4 5 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 7 2011 9 11 12 12 12 12 11 11 11 9 9 8 11 Charter Rates - Indexed - Container / Tank / Bulk 2006 - 2012 Panamax bulk reached above index 500 in October 2007 and May 2008 225 200 Index (2006 = 100) 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 2006 2007 2008 financial 2009 crisis 3000 TEU Container 17 2010 LR2 Tank Panamax Bulk 2011 2012 2012 7 7 7 7 7 6: Employment Statistics of the Industry Table 6.1: Seafarers on board Danish Ships As of Sept. Danish EU+EEA* Other Foreign Total 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 9 000 10 012 10 064 9 684 9 296 9 006 8 565 9 968 9 332 8 768 9 302 8 689 9 054 8 528 8 360 8 648 9 414 9 344 9 424 9 895 180 191 155 176 168 336 336 386 434 303 436 349 349 348 1 558 1 541 1 683 1 575 1 976 2 168 1 190 1 640 1 627 1 790 1 927 2 303 2 489 2 558 2 731 2 982 3 118 3 244 2 953 3 158 2 440 2 802 3 341 3 749 4 806 5 692 10 370 11 843 11 846 11 650 11 391 11 645 11 390 12 912 12 497 12 053 12 856 12 282 12 356 12 034 12 358 12 991 14 438 14 668 16 206 17 755 # *) 1989 - 1994 EU12; 1995 - 2003 EU15 + EEA; 2004 - 2006 EU25 + EEA #) A revised employment table is in production, based on a new muster-roll from the DMA Seafarers on board Danish Ships 10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 Danish 1998 2000 EU+EEA* 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Other Foreign Table 6.2: Direct and Indirect Employment in the Danish Maritime Cluster Industry Shipping and maritime services Shipbuilding etc. Equipment manufacturing Offshore exploitation Fishing Total The Danish Maritime Cluster's share of the total Danish employment (%) Direct Indirect Total 50 000 1 000 23 000 2 000 4 000 80 000 19 000 2 000 10 000 2 500 1 500 35 000 69 000 3 000 33 000 4 500 5 500 115 000 2.9 1.3 4.2 18 7: World Trade by Sea Table 7.1: The World Trade by Sea Year Oil cargo (mill. tons) 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2 070 2 109 2 179 2 237 2 223 2 356 2 486 2 576 2 669 2 747 2 735 2 666 2 998 3 072 Yearly change (pct.) Bulk cargo (mill. tons) 1 2 3 3 -1 6 6 4 4 3 0 -3 12 2 1 154 1 159 1 281 1 312 1 379 1 459 1 590 1 696 1 823 1 944 2 046 2 027 2 309 2 455 Yearly change (pct.) Other cargo (mill. tons) 0 0 11 2 5 6 9 7 7 7 5 -1 14 6 Yearly change (pct.) 2 189 2 296 2 453 2 478 2 614 2 734 2 899 3 000 3 147 3 256 3 347 3 156 3 066 3 310 Total (mill. tons) 1 5 7 1 5 5 6 3 5 3 3 -6 -3 8 5 413 5 564 5 913 6 027 6 216 6 549 6 975 7 272 7 639 7 947 8 128 7 849 8 373 8 837 Yearly change (pct.) 1 3 6 2 3 5 7 4 5 4 2 -3 7 6 Capacity TEU Yearly change Container transport Yearly change (1 000 TEU) (pct.) (1 000 TEU) (pct.) 1750 4 299 4 528 4 958 5 569 6 137 6 683 7 326 8 268 9 594 10 925 12 368 13 058 14 282 15 407 34.1 17 5 9 12 10 9 10 13 16 14 13 6 9 8 56 900 62 200 69 600 72 300 81 100 91 900 105 700 116 000 127 500 141 700 148 900 130 400 149 900 161 000 4 9 12 4 12 13 15 10 10 11 5 -12 15 7 Table 7.2: Sea Transport of Important Bulk Commodities 2000 Crude oil Oil products Iron ore Grain Coal 2001 1 656 523 447 516 264 2002 1 684 553 450 550 260 Mill. tons 2004 2005 2003 1 667 556 480 573 271 1 770 586 516 619 264 1 850 636 587 660 275 2006 1 885 691 658 688 272 2007 1 933 736 723 729 292 2008 1 984 763 783 772 305 2009 1 964 771 843 795 322 1 920 746 849 777 320 80 - 90 % of the total world trade volume is transported by sea. The World Trade by Sea Mill. tonnes, 1998 - 2011 9 000 8 000 7 000 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Other 2006 Bulk 19 2007 Oil 2008 2009 2010 2011 2010 1 969 798 987 900 343 2011 2 016 822 1 060 954 355 Table 7.3: World Trade Flows 2010 - Main Routes for Container Traffic, Product Tank and Bulk Main Container Routes (measured in teu-nautical miles) Asia-North America 19% Asia-Europe 29% Other Shortsea Routes 3% Interasian shortsea 6% Interasian deepsea Asia-Africa 3% 5% Other Deepsea Routes 25% Europa-North Amerca 3% Asia-Latin America 7% Main Routes for Product Tankers (measured in ton-miles) Other routes 49% North AmericaEurope 4% Europe-North America 8% Asia-Europe 4% Interasian 11% Asia-Latin America 4% Europe-Africa 3% Middle EastAsia 8% North America-Asia 3% Europe-Asia 8% Main Routes for Capesize Bulk (measured in ton-miles) Latin AmericaEurope 6% N.AmericaEurope 3% Asia-Europe 5% Australia-Asia 23% Africa-Europe 3% North AmericaAsia 6% Africa-Asia 8% Interasian shortsea 8% Latin AmericaAsia 33% Interasian deepsea 5% 20 Table 7.4: Total Cargo Traffic in Major Ports Rank Port Country Top 10 1 Shanghai China 2 Singapore Singapore 3 Rotterdam Netherlands 4 Guangzhou China 5 Tianjin China 6 Ningbo China 7 Qingdao China 8 Hong Kong China 9 Busan Korea 10 Houston USA Other selected ports 11 Port of South L.A. USA 12 Port Hedland Australia 18 Nagoya Japan 19 Antwerp Belgium 20 Tubarao Brazil 28 Xiamen China 30 Vancouver Canada 37 Amsterdam Netherlands 41 Primorsk Russia Fredericia Denmark Unit ------------------------------- (mill. tons) ------------------------------- Average ann. growth 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2006 - 2010 (%) mt ft* mt mt mt mt mt mt ft* mt 470.4 448.5 378.2 302.8 257.6 309.7 224.2 238.2 217.9 201.5 492.3 483.6 406.8 343.3 309.5 345.2 265.0 245.4 243.6 202.9 511.4 515.5 421.1 347.0 265.2 363.6 278.3 259.4 241.7 204.6 505.8 472.3 387.0 364.0 381.1 371.5 274.3 243.0 226.2 220.0 534.4 501.6 429.9 425.6 416.9 408.2 350.1 267.8 263.0 252.8 3.2 2.8 3.2 8.9 12.8 7.1 11.8 3.0 3.4 6.9 mt mt ft* mt mt mt mt mt mt mt 216.3 111.8 208.0 167.4 119.4 72.8 79.6 84.3 66.0 16.1 234.1 130.7 215.6 182.9 130.3 81.2 82.7 87.8 74.2 15.3 212.0 159.4 218.1 189.4 127.6 97.0 114.6 94.8 75.6 14.4 226.7 178.6 165.1 157.8 102.0 111.0 101.9 86.7 79.1 13.3 223.3 199.0 185.7 178.2 132.0 127.3 118.4 90.6 77.6 12.9 0.8 15.5 -2.8 1.6 2.5 15.0 10.4 1.8 4.2 -5.0 *Note: Some ports state cargo traffic in ft (freight tons) which is not directly comparable with mt (metric tons) (Se explanation of freight tons in the vocabulary) Table 7.5: Container Traffic in Major Ports Rank Port Top 10 1 Shanghai 2 Singapore 3 Hong Kong 4 Shenzhen 5 Busan 6 Ningbo 7 Guangzhou 8 Qingdao 9 Dubai Ports 10 Rotterdam Other selected ports 14 Antwerp 15 Hamburg 16 Los Angeles 17 Tanjung Pela. 29 Tokyo 32 Colombo 34 Ho Chi Minh 37 Balboa 46 Ambarli Århus ------------------------------- (1 000 units) -------------------------------Average ann. growth 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2006 - 2010 (%) Country China Singapore China China Korea China China China U.A.E. Netherlands Belgium Germany USA Malaysia Japan Sri Lanka Vietnam Panama Turkey Denmark 19 631 24 792 23 539 18 253 12 039 7 037 6 477 7 685 8 923 9 690 26 150 27 936 23 999 21 099 13 255 9 430 9 259 9 462 10 650 10 791 27 981 29 918 24 494 21 416 13 446 11 220 11 000 10 320 11 827 10 784 24 912 25 866 21 104 18 045 11 980 10 433 11 016 10 250 11 124 9 780 29 003 26 021 23 698 22 341 14 185 13 071 12 487 12 010 11 576 11 146 10.2 1.2 0.2 5.2 4.2 16.7 17.8 11.8 6.7 3.6 7 019 8 882 8 470 4 637 3 696 1 335 1 621 989 1 403 259 8 176 9 917 8 355 5 298 3 721 1 546 2 722 1 834 1 783 299 8 663 9 737 7 850 5 466 3 727 3 690 3 161 2 168 2 150 272 7 310 7 008 6 749 6 016 3 383 3 481 3 170 2 012 1 794 228 8 468 7 898 7 832 6 299 4 284 3 988 3 962 2 759 2 464 261 8.8 -2.9 -1.9 8.0 3.8 31.5 25.0 29.2 15.1 0.0 Turnover in the Top 50 Container Ports, by Region 160000 1000 units 140000 120000 China 100000 Rest of Asia 80000 Europe 60000 USA 40000 Other ports 20000 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 21 2010 8: Development of bunker prices Table 8.1 : Prices of IFO 180 cst. (Heavy Fuel) and MDO (Marine Diesel Oil) in Europe and USA USD per ton Europe (includes Hamburg, Rotterdam and Le Havre) 2009 2010 Month IFO 180 MDO IFO 180 MDO January 269.70 503.30 509.00 663.30 February 283.30 410.00 488.70 643.30 March 287.30 466.30 496.00 650.30 April 309.70 434.70 513.30 727.30 May 369.70 466.70 458.30 646.00 June 419.70 557.00 458.70 668.20 July 415.70 531.00 450.30 631.30 August 450.00 581.30 455.00 641.70 September 429.00 556.00 471.30 698.30 October 468.70 621.70 484.00 730.70 November 487.30 630.70 503.00 749.30 December 489.70 629.00 527.70 805.00 Average 389.98 532.31 484.61 687.89 2011 IFO 180 540.30 612.30 668.00 735.30 662.30 664.30 717.30 704.30 694.00 698.30 697.70 677.30 672.62 MDO 833.30 919.70 1 040.00 1 047.70 957.30 916.00 1 006.70 962.00 951.70 993.30 984.70 961.00 964.45 USA (includes Los Angeles, Houston and New York) 2009 2010 Month IFO 180 MDO IFO 180 MDO January 293.30 486.70 509.30 713.30 February 285.00 453.30 477.30 666.70 March 276.60 451.70 480.70 675.00 April 295.00 461.70 506.30 715.00 May 360.00 511.70 441.00 661.70 June 400.00 545.00 459.70 682.50 July 411.70 556.70 457.20 687.20 August 435.00 590.00 454.00 690.00 September 432.30 603.30 465.00 693.30 October 461.00 626.70 489.00 736.70 November 479.30 656.70 495.30 803.60 December 486.00 656.00 537.70 813.30 Average 384.60 549.96 481.04 711.53 2011 IFO 180 554.70 643.30 679.00 709.70 661.70 667.30 711.30 670.00 672.30 696.70 659.70 680.30 667.17 MDO 831.70 928.30 1 008.70 1 054.00 961.70 970.00 1 015.00 961.70 968.30 1 011.30 988.30 975.00 972.83 2012 IFO 180 MDO 714.50 982.10 730.30 1 037.10 722.40 1 009.60 2012 IFO 180 MDO 715.30 990.80 753.30 1 048.10 734.30 1 019.45 Development of Bunker Prices 2006-2012 1400.00 1200.00 800.00 600.00 400.00 200.00 0.00 2006 2007 2008 ifo eur 2009 ifo usa 2010 2011 mdo eur 2012 mdo usa Crude Oil Price per Barrel - Brent - Yearly Average 1976-2011 140.00 120.00 100.00 USD USD per ton 1000.00 80.00 60.00 40.00 20.00 0.00 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 22 1998 2002 2006 2010 9. Environmental and Transport Cost Figures Table 9.1 Comparative Exhaust Gas Emission by Different Transport Modes Emission of Gasses by Air, Land and Sea Transport 6 5.4 gram per ton-km 5 3.79 4 3 2.6 2 1.3 0.8 1 0.6 0.54 0.24 0.12 0.09 0.03 0.36 0 CO2 (x100) NOx (Nitrogen oxide) Air freight CO (Carbon oxide) Heavy truck SOx (Sulphur oxide) Cargo vessel Tabel 9.2: Comparative Transport Distance / CO 2 Emission Transport Distance for 1 Ton Gargo per kg CO2 Emission Air plane 02 Heavy truck 9 Ro-Ro ship 30 Freight train 41 Container ship 54 General cargo ship 73 Product tanker 91 Bulk carrier 217 VLCC tanker 236 0 50 100 150 200 250 km Tabel 9.3: Examples of Ocean Freight Cost between USA and Asia or Europe and Asia Commodity Unit TV set DVD player Vacuum cleaner Liquor Coffee Biscuits Beer 1 unit 1 unit 1 unit 1 bottle 1 kg 1 tin 1 can Retail Price (USD) Ocean Freight (USD) Ocean Freight in pct. 700.00 200.00 150.00 30.00 15.00 3.00 1.00 10.00 1.50 1.00 0.15 0.15 0.05 0.01 1.43 0.75 0.67 0.50 1.00 1.67 1.00 23 Table 9.4: Tank Transportation og Oil Spills Global Seaborne Oil Transport and Incidents of Tanker Spillage No. Billion tonne-milesl 12000 100 90 80 70 60 10000 8000 6000 50 40 30 20 10 4000 2000 0 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 Seaborne Oil Transport (tonne-miles) 2000 2005 2010 No. Of spills per year > 7 tons Table 9.5: Reduction of CO2 emissions Danish Owners' Relative CO2 Reduction (%) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 Relative CO2 reduction since 2008 Year Fuel consumption in mill. Tons CO2 emission in mill. tons 2008 14 45 2009 11 34 2010 12 38 2011 12 37 Deadweight in mill. Tons CO2 emission / deadweight 50 0.89 45 0.76 52 0.72 55 0.67 Table 9.6: Future Requirements for SOx and NOx Reduction Reduction Requirements 2008 - 2030 Pct. 120 SOx - Globally 100 80 SOx - Emission control -areas 60 NOx - New engines Emission controlareas 40 20 NOx - New engines Globally 24 2030 2029 2028 2027 2026 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 0 Vocabulary Bareboat Charter - A shipping company lets or leases a ship without crew, typically for a longer period. Oil Tanker - Ship transporting oil or oil products in bulk. Bulk Carrier - A ship constructed for transport of bulk cargoes, such as coal and grain. Panamax – Vessel of about 60,000 – 80,000 DWT. The largest type of vessel being able to pass the Panama Canal. Bunkers - Trade term for ship’s fuel, typically oil. Product Tanker - A ship transporting refined oil products. Cable-layer - A ship specially constructed for the laying and repairing of telegraph cables across oceans. Reefer - Ship transporting refrigerated and frozen goods. Ro-Ro Ship - A ship where the cargo is driven on board and ashore, i.e. by means of lorries or other special vehicles. Capesize – Bulk carrier of the size from 100,000 to 200,000 dwt. Chemical Tanker - A ship transporting chemicals. Salvage and Tug Ship - A ship helping other ships in and out of ports and when salvage is required. Container Ship - A ship transporting containers in cargo compartments specially fitted with vertical guides for steering the containers during loading and unloading and for keeping them in place during transport. Stand-by/Safety Vessel - A vessel working as a stand-by safety, fire fighting and waste disposal vessel in the offshore industry. Tanker Market - Transportation of liquid cargo on board ships in free trade, typically chartered for single trips (trip charter). Cross Trades - Transport of goods between foreign ports. Dry Bulk - Cargo carried by bulk carriers, e.g. coal and grain, as opposed to tank cargo. Time Charter - A shipping line lets or leases a ship complete with crew for a certain period of time. DWT - The total weight which a ship can carry, including cargo, provisions, fuel, stores, bunkers, crew, spares, etc., up to the ship’s summer load line. (Plimsoll Line). Tramp Trade - Ships in free trade, carrying either full or part cargoes being offered along the way, between ports not following a fixed schedule. EEA - is description of all EU countries + the EFTA countries Norway, Iceland and Lichtenstein. Trip Charter - The time charter of a ship for one specific trip, rather than for a period of time. Also occasionally to mean a voyage charter. Freight tons (ft.) - The unit on which freight is calculated. It can be the measurement, e.g. cubic metres, or the weight, e.g. metric tons. General Cargo - Miscellaneous cargo. GT - The total of all the enclosed spaces within a ship, expressed in tons, each of which is equivalent to 100 cubic feet. Supply Ship - A ship working in the offshore industry for the carriage of stores and equipment, towing and anchor handling. VLCC (Very Large Crude Carriers) – Crude oil tankers in the order of 200,000 – 350,000 DWT, typically load capacity of 2 million barrels of crude oil. Unable to pass the Suez Canal. Liner Trade - Describes ships in regular traffic between ports laid down in a fixed schedule. Worldscale - A unified scale by means of which tanker freight is quoted. Its purpose is to enable shipowners and charterers to easily agree on the freight for a given voyage. Worldscale 100 signifies the average cost for a great number of standard voyages, and the freight for a specific voyage is then agreed upon as either a higher or a lower figure. LPG Tanker - A ship transporting liquified petroleum gasses. LR (Long Range) - Product tankers for transport of refined oil products in the order of 65,000 - 100,000 DWT. 25 Source References Table 2.1- 2.5 Table 2.6 - 2.16 Table 3.1 - 3.4 Table 3.5 - 3.7 Table 4.1 - 4.2 Table 4.3 - 4.4 Table 5.1 - 5.2; 5.5 Table 5.3 - 5.4 Table 6.1 - 6.2 Table 7.1 - 7.2 Table 7.3 Table 7.4 - 7.5; 8.1 Table 9.1 - 9.2 Table 9.3 Table 9.4 Table 9.5 - 9.6 Danish Shipowners' Association IHS-Fairplay (Sea-Web) Danish Shipowners' Association Fairplay Solutions Danish Shipowners' Association Statistics Denmark R.S. Platou Shipbrokers a.s. ISL Bremen and Danske Bank Danish Shipowners' Association and the Danish Maritime Authority Alphaliner (container capacity). Drewry Shipping Consultants (container transport) Global Insight as per Danish Ship Finance ISL Bremen NTM (Swedish Network for Transport and the Environment) International Chamber of Shipping ITOPF (The International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Limited) Danish Shipowners' Association Notes Table 2.6 EU: EU 27 irrespective of time of admission. Other industrial countries: The rest of OECD member countries, South Africa and Israel. Open registers: Liberia, Panama, Bahamas, St. Vincent, Bermuda, Vanuatu, Marshall Islands, Honduras, Antigua & Barbuda, Gibraltar, Cayman Islands, Isle of Man, Belize, Barbados, Netherlands Antilles, Mongolia, Comoros Islands, Cambodia, Lebanon and Mauritius. Dynamic Asian countries: Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Taiwan, Hong Kong and South Korea. Table 2.7 - 2.12 The total number of ships deviate in tables 2.7 - 2.12 from for instance table 2.1 as a more narrow definition of merchant ships is applied in the survey of the world merchant fleet based on Lloyd's Register. This means that a number of specialized ships are included in the Danish Shipowners' Association's records of Danish ships whereas they are not included in the survey of the world fleet. The tables are inclusive of merchant ships of 100 GT and above. Table 2.12 The Merchant Fleets of the EU countries; United Kingdom excl. Isle of Man, The Netherlands excl. Netherlands Antilles, Spain incl. Canary Isl., Portugal incl. Madeira Table 3.2 The investment amounts are partly estimated and do not include investments in publicly owned ships or containers, pallets etc. Table 4.2 The regional distribution is based on reports from Danish shipping companies. Table 4.3 A recurrent revision of figures will take place. Editorial staff Head of Division Jacob K. Clasen Analyst Michael B. Clausen Danish Shipowners' Association 33, Amaliegade DK 1256 Copenhagen K Phone: +45 33 11 40 88 Fax: +45 33 11 62 10 E-mail: info@shipowners.dk Homepage: www.shipowners.dk 26 Table 10.1 Piracy off Somalia Piracy incidents Gulf of Aden, Red Sea, Indian Ocean off Somalia 250 Part of year 200 150 100 50 0 2007 2008 2009 Attempt Somalia Total incidents Attempts Fired upon Boarding (failed) Hijackings 2007 44 22 10 0 12 Fired upon 2008 111 28 39 2 42 2010 Boarding (failed) 2009 212 53 112 1 46 2010 217 52 100 16 49 2011 Hijacked 2011 237 84 105 20 28 2012 to date 7/6 Total 2012 61 32 16 1 12 Table 10.2 Piracy in the whole world Piracy incidents whole world 500 450 Part of year 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2007 2008 Attempt World Total incidents Attempts Fired upon Boarding (failed) Hijackings 2007 263 62 14 169 18 2009 Fired upon 2008 293 47 46 151 49 2010 Boarding (failed) 2009 410 85 121 155 49 2010 445 89 107 196 53 2011 Hijacked 2011 439 113 107 175 44 2012 to date 7/6 Total 2012 157 47 20 72 18