Slide 1
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
Slide 2
The Literature Review
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
Slide 3
The Literature Review
Questions that hopefully will be answered:
What is a Literature Review?
Why do a Literature Review?
How to do a literature review?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
Slide 4
The Literature Review
1. What is a Literature Review?
•
A literature review is the effective
evaluation of selected documents on
a research topic. A review may form
an essential part of the research
process or may constitute a research
project in itself.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
Slide 5
The Literature Review
• The literature review does not contain any
new primary scholarship. Rather, it is a
critical description and evaluation, not just
a list or résumé, of material that has
already been published. It should
demonstrate awareness of main theories,
issues and debates, and your ability to
comment on them in an informed and
scholarly way.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
Slide 6
The Literature Review
• Besides enlarging your knowledge about the
topic, writing a literature review lets you gain and
demonstrate skills in two areas:
• information seeking: the ability to scan the
literature efficiently, using manual or
computerized methods, to identify a set of useful
articles and books
• critical appraisal: the ability to apply principles
of analysis to identify unbiased and valid studies.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
Slide 7
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
Slide 8
The Literature Review
• It can take several forms. Sometimes it
stands alone, as a piece of work in its own
right. More often, it forms the introduction
to a research report, thesis or dissertation.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
Slide 9
The Literature Review
• A ‘good’ literature review…..
• ….. is a synthesis of available research
• ….. is a critical evaluation
• ….. has appropriate breadth and depth
• ….. has clarity and conciseness
• ….. uses rigorous and consistent methods
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
Slide 10
The Literature Review
• Why review the literature?
• The aim of a literature review is to demonstrate
to the reader, who may be your tutor or your
examiner, that you have read and understood
what has already been published on a topic or
subject area and identify gaps in the literature. In
illustrating your familiarity with the literature, you
are able relate your own research to it, and to
place it in this broader context.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
Slide 11
The Literature Review
• Why do a literature review?
• While the form of the literature review may vary with
different types of studies, the basic purposes remain
constant. In general, the literature review should:
• provide a context for the research
• justify the research
• ensure the research hasn't been done before (or if it is
repeated, that it is marked as a "replication study")
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
Slide 12
The Literature Review
• Why do a literature review?
• show where the research fits into the existing
body of knowledge
• enable the researcher to learn from previous
theory on the subject
• illustrate how the subject has been studied
previously
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
Slide 13
The Literature Review
• Why do a literature review?
• highlight flaws in previous research
• outline gaps in previous research
• show that the work is adding to the
• understanding and knowledge of the field
• help refine, refocus or even change the topic
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
Slide 14
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
Slide 15
The Literature Review
• A ‘poor’ literature review is…..
• …..an annotated bibliography
• ….. confined to description
• ….. narrow and shallow
• ….. confusing and longwinded
• ….. constructed in an arbitrary way
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
Slide 16
The Literature Review
• How to do a literature review?
• some or all of the following main types of material on
your subject should be identified and examined:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
books
journal articles
official publications
reports
dissertations or thesis
conference proceedings
reviews
newspapers
internet sites
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
Slide 17
The Literature Review
• In examining the material, there are various points you
should think about. Consider for example:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The main arguments presented by the author(s)
How the work relates to others published in the field
If the thinking is original, problematic, contentious
If it supports/opposes a particular position
If it offers alternatives to current thinking
If it offers ideas/considerations for future research
If it is based on sound evidence
What has been missed out
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
Slide 18
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
Slide 19
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
Slide 20
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
Slide 21
• http://www.visit4info.com/advert/LandRover-Discovery-New-2009-Discovery-3Land-Rover-Discovery/62464
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________