Constitutional Law I (Prof. Michael Vernon Guerrero Mendiola)
OUTLINE IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW I
Prof. Michael Vernon Guerrero Mendiola
Arellano University School of Law
June 23 (Sunday class) and July 1 (Monday class)
III-A. The State
I. Concept
A. Definition
B. Distinction from “Nation”
C000 Collection of Internal Revenue v. Campos Rueda, GR L-13250, 29 October 1971, En
Banc, Fernando [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1971/oct1971/gr_13250_1971.html) <
C. Context when the Constitution addresses the State
II. Elements
A. Territory
1. Definition
2. Scope of Philippine territory. (Article I of the 1987 Constitution)
a. Background (See Section 1, Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916; Article I, 1935 Constitution (14
March 1935); Article I, 1973 Constitution (17 January 1973) ; See also Article III of Treaty of Peace
between the United States and Spain (10 December 1898; 1898 Treaty of Peace); Sole Article, Treaty
Between Spain and the United States for the Cession of Outlying Islands of the Philippines (7
November 1900); Articles 1 to 4, Convention regarding the Boundary between the Philippine
Archipelago and the State of North Borneo (2 January 1930); and see further Republic Act 3046 (17
June 1961); Republic Act 5446 (18 September 1968); Presidential Decree 1596 (11 June 1978);
Presidential Decree 1599 (11 June 1978); Republic Act 9522 (10 March 2009); among others).
C100 Magallona v. Ermita, GR 187167, 16 August 2011, En Banc, Carpio [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2011/aug2011/gr_187167_2011.html)
b. Jurisdiction over territory
(1) Waters
(2) Foreign bases (Article XVIII, Section 25 of the 1987 Constitution)
(a) Background
B. People
1. As inhabitants
2. As electors
a. Who can be electors. (Article V, Section 1 of the 1987 Constitution)
(1) Background (See Article V, Section 3 of the 1935 Constitution; Article VI, Section 2 of the 1973
Constitution)
b. Secrecy and sanctity of ballots (Article VI, Section 2, first paragraph, first clause of the 1987
Constitution)
(1) Background (See Article VI, Section 1 of the 1973 Constitution)
(2) System for disabled and illiterates (Article VI, Section 2, second paragraph of the 1987
Constitution)
c. System for Absentee Voting (Article VI, Section 2, first paragraph, second clause of the 1987
Constitution)
(1) Background (See Republic Act 9189 (13 February 2003))
C200 Macalintal v. Commission on Elections, GR 157013, 10 July 2003, En Banc,
Austria-Martinez [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2003/jul2003/gr_157013_2003.html) <
C201 Nicolas-Lewis v. Commission on Elections, GR 162759, 4 August 2006, En
Banc, Garcia [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2006/aug2006/gr_162759_2006.html) <
3. As citizens.
a. Definition and Nature
b. Who are citizens of the Philippines? (Article IV, Section 1 of the 1987 Constitution)
C300 Tecson v. Commission on Elections, GR 161434, 3 March 2004, En Banc, Vitug [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2004/mar2004/gr_161434_2004.html) <
(1) Background / Citizens of the Philippines prior to adoption of 1987 Constitution
(a) Articles 17 to 19 of the Spanish Civil Code; Amendment XIV of the United States
Constitution;
(b) Article IX, Treaty of Peace between the United States and Spain (10 December 1898)
C300 In the matter of the petition of J. Garcia Bosque for admission to the
practice of law in the Philippine Islands, GR 666, 14 January 1902, En Banc, Arellano
[CJ] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1902/jan1902/gr_666_1902.html)
Copyright (c) 2013. Berne Guerrero – 1
Constitutional Law I (Prof. Michael Vernon Guerrero Mendiola)
(c) Section 4, Philippine Organic Act of 1902
[1] Citizens at the adoption of the Cooper Act
(d) Section 2 of the Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916;
[1] Citizens at the adoption of the Jones Law
[2] Subsequently naturalized
[a] Act 2927 (26 March 1920)
[b] Act 3448 (28 November 1928)
(e) Article IV, Section 1 of the 1935 Constitution;
[1] Those who are citizens of the Philippine Islands at the time of the adoption of this
Constitution.
[2] Those born in the Philippine Islands of foreign parents who, before the adoption of
this Constitution, had been elected to public office in the Philippine Islands.
[3] Those whose fathers are citizens of the Philippines.
[4] Those whose mothers are citizens of the Philippines and, upon reaching the age of
majority, elect Philippine citizenship.
C301 Ma v. Fernandez, GR 183133, 26 July 2010, First Division, Perez [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/jul2010/gr_183133_2010.html) <
[a] Commonwealth Act 625
[5] Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.
(f) Article III, Section 1 of the 1973 Constitution;
[1] Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this
Constitution.
[2] Those whose fathers and mothers are citizens of the Philippines.
[3] Those who elect Philippine citizenship pursuant to the provisions of the
Constitution of nineteen hundred and thirty-five.
[4] Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.
(2) Principles of Jus Soli and Jus Sanguinis
C400 Roa v. Insular Collector of Customs, GR L-7011, 30 October 1912, En Banc,
Trent [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1912/oct1912/gr_l-7011_1912.html)
C401 Torres v. Tan Chim, GR L-46593, 3 February 1940, En Banc, Laurel [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1940/feb1940/gr_l-46593_1940.html) <
C402 Tan Chong v. Secretary of Labor, GR 47616, 16 September 1947, En Banc,
Padilla [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1947/sep1947/gr_47616_1947.html) <
C403 Valles v. Commission on Elections, GR 137000, 9 August 2000, En Banc,
Purisima [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2000/aug2000/gr_137000_2000.html)
(3) Election of Citizenship
C501 Republic of the Philippines v. Sagun, GR 187567, 15 February 2012, First
Division, Villarama Jr. [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/feb2012/gr_187567_2012.html)
(4) Naturalization
(a) Judicial (Commonwealth Act 473 [17 June 1939])
[1] Qualifications (Sections 2 and 3, CA 473)
C600 Republic of the Philippines v. Li Yao, GR L-35947, 20 October 1992,
Third
Division,
Romero
[J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1992/oct1992/gr_35947_1992.html) <
C601 Republic of the Philippines v. Lao Ong, GR 175430, 18 June 2012, First
Division,
Del
Castillo
[J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/jun2012/gr_175430_2012.html)
[2] Disqualifications (Section 4, CA 473)
[3] Declaration of Intention (Sections 5 and 6, CA 473)
[4] Petition and proceedings thereto
[a] Sections 7 to 11, CA 473
{1} Contents
{2} Nature of naturalization proceedings
{3} Construction of naturalization laws
{4} Burden of proof to show compliance with naturalization law
{5} Objection may be had at any stage
{6} Res Judicata?
C602 Moy Ya Lim Yao v. Commissioner of Immigration, GR L-21289, 4
October
1971,
En
Banc,
Barredo
[J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1971/oct1971/gr_21289_1971.html) <
C603 Ngo Burca v. Republic of the Philippines, GR L-24252, 15 June
1973,
En
Banc,
Antonio
[J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1973/jun1973/gr_24252_1973.html) <
C604 Gonzales v. Pennisi, GR 169958, 5 March 2010, Second Division,
Carpio [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/mar2010/gr_169958_2010.html)
[b] Commonwealth Act 535 (amendatory to CA 473)
[c] Republic Act 530 [1950]
Copyright (c) 2013. Berne Guerrero – 2
Constitutional Law I (Prof. Michael Vernon Guerrero Mendiola)
[5] Issuance of Certificate, Records and Fees (Sections 12 to 14, CA 473)
[a] Oath
[b] Correction of entries?
C605 Republic v. Lim, GR 153883, 13 January 2004, First Division, YnaresSantiago [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2004/jan2004/gr_153883_2004.html ) <
[c] Cancellation of Alien Citizen Registration?
[6] Effect on wife and children (Section 15, CA 473)
[7] Cancellation
[a] Presentation of proof to allow cancellation of naturalization certificate for one
who is already a citizen
[b] Estoppel?
(b) Administrative
[1] Letter of Instructions 270
[2] Republic Act 9139 (The Administrative Naturalization Law of 2000; 8 June 2001)
http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2001/ra_9139_2001.html
(c) No judicial declaration of citizenship / declaratory judgment
C606 Yung Uan Chu v. Republic of the Philippines, GR L-34973, 14 April 1988,
Second
Division,
Paras
[J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1988/apr1988/gr_l_34973_1988.html) <
c. Natural born citizens (Article IV, Section 2 of the 1987 Constitution)
C700 Co v. House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal, GRs 92191-92, 30 July 1991
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1991/jul1991/gr_92191_92_92202_03_1991.html) <
(1) Kinds of citizenship
C701 Bengson III v. House of Representative Electoral Tribunal, GR 142840, 7 May
2001,
En
Banc,
Kapunan
[J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2001/may2001/gr_142840_2001.html)
(2) Requisites to be deemed natural born citizen
(3) Background (See Article III, Section 4 of the 1973 Constitution)
(a) Difference between natural-born citizens under 1973 and 1987 Constitutions.
(4) Recovery of the original nationality by repatriation
(5) Retention of natural-born citizenship under Republic Act 9225 (29 August 2003)
d. Loss and retention of Citizenship (Article IV, Sections 3 and 4 of the 1987 Constitution)
(1) Loss
(a) Background (See prior American rules on loss of citizenship prior to 1935; Article IV, Section 2
of the 1935 Constitution; Article III, Sections 2 and 3 of the 1973 Constitution)
C800 Commonwealth of the Philippines v. Baldello, GR L-45375, 12 April 1939, En
Banc, Moran [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1939/apr1939/gr_l-45375_1939.html)
C801 In RE Yu v. Defensor-Santiago, GR L-83882, 24 January 1989, En Banc, Padilla
[J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1989/jan1989/gr_l83882_1989.html) <
(2) Reacquisition
C802 Frivaldo v. Commission on Elections, GR 87193, 23 June 1989, En Banc,
Cruz
[J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1989/jun1989/gr_87193_1989.html)
<
Frivaldo case 1
(a) Background (See Articles 21 and 22 of the Spanish Civil Code; prior American rules on loss
of citizenship prior to 1935; Article IV, Section 2 of the 1935 Constitution; Article III, Sections 2
and 3 of the 1973 Constitution)
[1] Naturalization.
C803 Republic v. de la Rosa, GR 104654, 6 June 1994, En Banc, Quiason [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1994/jun1994/gr_104654_1994.html) < Frivaldo case 2
[2] Repatriation.
[a] Commonwealth Act 63 [21 October 1936]
[b] Republic Act 965 (20 June 1953)
[c] Republic Act 2630 (18 June 1960)
[d] Republic Act 2639 (18 June 1960)
[e] Presidential Decree 725 (5 June 1975)
C804 Angat v. Republic of the Philippines, GR 132244, 14 September 1999,
Third
Division,
Vitug
[J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1999/sep1999/gr_132244_1999.html) <
C805 Frivaldo v. Commission on Elections, GR 120295, 28 June 1996, En
Banc,
Panganiban
[J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1996/jun1996/gr_120295_1996.html) < Frivaldo case 3
[e] Republic Act 8171 (23 October 1995)
C806 Altajeros v. Commission on Elections, GR 163256, 10 November
2004,
En
Banc,
Azcuna
[J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2004/nov2004/gr_163256_2004.html) <
C807 Tabasa v. Court of Appeals, GR 125793, 29 August 2006, Third
Copyright (c) 2013. Berne Guerrero – 3
Constitutional Law I (Prof. Michael Vernon Guerrero Mendiola)
Division,
Velasco
Jr.
[J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2006/aug2006/gr_125793_2006.html) <
[f] Republic Act 9225 (29 August 2003)
[3] Direct Act of Congress
e. Dual allegiance (Article IV, Section 5 of the 1987 Constitution) (n)
(1) Dual citizenship and Dual allegiance
(a) Prior to RA 9225
C900 Aznar v. Commission on Elections, GR 83820, 25 May 1990, En Banc, Paras
[J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1990/may1990/gr_83820_1990.html) <
C901 Mercado v. Manzano, GR 135083, 26 May 1999, En Banc, Mendoza [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1999/may1999/gr_135083_1999.html) <
(b) RA 9225
C901 AASJS v. Datumanong, GR 160869, 11 May 2007, En Banc, Quisumbing [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2007/may2007/gr_160869_2007.html) <
C902 Cordora v. Commission on Elections, GR 176947, 19 February 2009, En
Banc, Carpio [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2009/feb2009/gr_176947_2009.html) <
f. Privileges and rights of citizens
(1) Public Office
(a) In general
CA00 Lopez v. Commission on Elections, GR 182701, 23 July 2008, En Banc
Resolution, Reyes RT [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2008/jul2008/gr_182701_2008.html)
<
(b) Dual citizenship
CA01 Jacot v. Dal, GR 179848, 27 November 2008, En Banc, Chico-Nazario [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2008/nov2008/gr_179848_2008.html) <
CA02 Japzon v. Commission on Elections, GR 180088, 19 January 2009, En Banc,
Chico-Nazario [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2009/jan2009/gr_180088_2009.html) <
CA03 De Guzman v. Commission on Elections, GR 180048, 19 June 2009, En
Banc,
Ynares-Santiago
[J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2009/jun2009/gr_180048_2009.html) <
CA04 Sobejana-Condon v. Commission on Elections, GR 198742, 10 August 2012,
En Banc, Reyes [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/aug2012/gr_198742_2012.html)
(2) Practice of Profession
CA05 In RE Application for Admission to the Philippine Bar, Ching, BM 914, 1
October
1999,
En
Banc
Resolution,
Kapunan
[J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/courts/bm/bm_914_1999.html) <
CA06 Petition for Leave to Resume Practice of Law, Benjamin M. Dacanay, BM
1678,
17
December
2007,
En
Banc,
Corona
[J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2007/dec2007/bm_1678_2007.html)
CA07 RE Petition to Re-Acquire the Privilege to Practice Law in the Philippines,
Epifanio B. Muneses, BM 2112, 24 July 2012, En Banc Resolution, Reyes [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/jul2012/bm_2112_2012.html)
(3) Ownership of land
CA08 Lee v. Republic of the Philippines, GR 128195, 3 October 2001, First Division,
Pardo [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2001/oct2001/gr_128195_2001.html) <
CA09 Muller v. Muller, GR 149615, 29 August 2006, First Division, Ynares-Santiago
[J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2006/aug2006/gr_149615_2006.html) <
CA0A Borromeo v. Descallar, GR 159310, 24 February 2009, First Division, Puno
[CJ] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2009/feb2009/gr_159310_2009.html) <
CA0B Matthews v. Taylor, GR 164584, 22 June 2009, Third Division, Nachura [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2009/jun2009/gr_164584_2009.html) <
(4) Franchises / Public Utilities / Industry
CA0BInitiatives for Dialogue and Empowerment through Alternative Legal Services
Inc. (IDEALS Inc.) v. Power Sector Assets and Liabilities Management Corporation
(PSALM), GR 192088, 9 October 2012, En Banc, Villarama [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_192088_2012.html) <
(5) Right to stay in the Philippines
CA0C
Djumantan v. Domingo, GR 88358, 30 January 1995, En Banc, Quiason [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1995/jan1995/gr_99358_1995.html) <
C. Government
1. Definition
CB00 People v. Sandiganbyan, GR 145951, 12 August 2003, First Division, YnaresSantiago [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2003/aug2003/gr_145951_2003.html) <
CB01 Manila International Airport Authority v. Court of Appeals, GR 155650, 20 July
Copyright (c) 2013. Berne Guerrero – 4
Constitutional Law I (Prof. Michael Vernon Guerrero Mendiola)
2006, En Banc, Carpio [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2006/jul2006/gr_155650_2006.html) <
2. Constituent vs Ministrant Functions
CC00 Valmonte v. Belmonte, GR 74930, 13 February 1989, En Banc, Cortes [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1989/feb1989/gr_74930_1989.html) <
CC01 Land Bank of the Philippines v. Anson Rivera, GR 182431, 17 November 2010,
First Division, Perez [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/nov2010/gr_182431_2010.html) <
3. Parens Patriae
a. Donations
CD00 Government of the Philippine Islands v. El Monte de Piedad y Caja de Ahorras
de Manila, GR L-9959, 13 December 1916, En Banc, Trent [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1916/dec1916/gr_l-9959_1916.html) <
CD01 Gonzales v. Marcos, GR L-31685, 31 July 1975, En Banc, Fernando [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1975/jul1975/gr_l_31685_1975.html) <
b. Public Morals
CD02 Fernando v. Court of Appeals, GR 159751, 6 December 2006, Third Division,
Quisumbing [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2006/dec2006/gr_159751_2006.html) <
c. Women
CD03 Pilapil v. Ibay-Somera, GR 80116, 30 June 1989, Second Division, Regalado [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1989/jun1989/gr_80116_1989.html) <
d. Minors and incapacitated
(1) Support and benefits, Adoption, etc.
CD04 Cabanas v. Pilapil, GR L-25843, 25 July 1974, Second Division, Fernando [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1974/jul1974/gr_l_25843_1974.html) <
CD05 Lahom v. Sibulo, GR 143989, 14 July 2003, First Division, Vitug [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2003/jul2003/gr_143989_2003.html) <
CD06 Dela Cruz v. Gracia, GR 177728, 31 July 2009, Second Division, Carpio Morales
[J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2009/jul2009/gr_177728_2009.html) <
CD07 Concepcion v. Court of Appeals, GR 123450, 31 August 2005, Third Division,
Corona [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2005/aug2005/gr_123450_2005.html) <
(2) Penal confinement
(3) Abuse
CD08 Malto v. People, GR 164733, 21 September 2007, First Division, Corona [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2007/sep2007/gr_164733_2007.html) <
CD09 People v. Diaz, GR 130210, 8 December 1999, En Banc, Bellosillo [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1999/dec1999/gr_130210_1999.html) <
e. Retirees
CD0A Bacolod City Water District v. Bayona, GR 168780, 23 November 2007, En
Banc, Carpio [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2007/nov2007/gr_168780_2007.html) <
4. De Jure Government/Criteria for Legitimacy
5. De Facto governments
CE00 Co Kim Cham v. Valdez Tan Keh, GR L-5, 16 November 1945, En Banc
Resolution, Feria [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1945/nov1945/gr_l-5_1945.html) <
6. Government distinguished from Administration
7. Other classifications of Governments
D. Sovereignty
1. Definition
2. Dual Aspect, Kinds & Characteristics
3. Dominium & Imperium
4. Effects of Change in Sovereignty
CF00 See Macariola v. Asuncion (supra., A001)
5. Effects of Military Occupation
6. Territorial, personal and extraterritorial jurisdiction
7. Acts of the State
CF01 In RE Harvey v. Defensor-Santiago, GR 82544, 28 June 1988, Second Division,
Melencio Herrera [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1988/jun1988/gr_82544_1988.html) <
Copyright (c) 2013. Berne Guerrero – 5